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Subject: Physical Education.

Class: 11th
Notes Are Compiled by: Lewis Leuim.
Contact: Lewisleuim3576@gmail.com.

Contents
1. Concept of physical Education.
2. Physiological Aspects of physical education.
3. Psychological Aspects of Physical Education.
4. Career Aspect in Physical Education.
5. Health and Family Education.
6. Concept of major Games/Sports.
7. National Games.
8. Olympic Games.
9. Diet ad its importance in physical
development.
10. Common sports injuries and rehabilitation.

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1.Concept of Physical Education

Q1. What is the meaning of physical education? Write down the definitions of Physical Education.

Ans: - Physical education means providing education related to the body. This education is
generally imparted through exercises, yoga, cleanliness etc.
Following are the definitions of Physical Education.

(1) According to J.B Nash: - Physical Education is the field of education which deals with big
muscle activities and their related response
(2) According to J.F William: - Physical Education is the sum of man’s Physical Activities selected
and conducted to develop Personality.
(3) According to Delbert Obertenffer: - Physical Education is the sum of those experience which
come to the individual through movements.
Q2. Explain the needs and Importance of Physical Education?

Ans: - Need of Physical Education in the school curriculum all over the country should viewed
seriously because everyone in the lap of some kind of disease. Many people do not have the
knowledge of Physical Education. So it is the Need of Physical Education.
Importance of Physical Education.

In the Modern World, the modern day facilities have made everyone physically unfit.
Push button system and machines has minimized the physical activity, so the importance of
physical education increases manifolds. A few points that advocate the importance of Physical
Education are:
(1) Harmonious growth and development. (2) Mental Health (3) Emotional Stability (4)
leadership qualities (5) Experience of life (6) Develop Personality (7) Cheerful life (8) sports
lover etc.
Q:3 What are the Aims and Objective of Physical Education?

Ans: The Aim of physical education is the optimum development of the personality of the child.
Aim is to make all-round development of the child i.e. physically, mentally and emotionally.
In the View of J.F William: - Aim of physical education is complete living through wholesome
development of human personality.
Objectives of Physical Education.

Objective contribute in achieving the Aim of physical education. Aim is the Ultimate Goal to be
achieved. Often the aim is one, but to attain it there may be many objectives. They are as Under.
(1) Development of Neuro – Muscular Co-Ordination (2) Development of leadership qualities.
(3) Development of self-control and fearlessness. (4) Emotional Development. (5) Social
Development. (6) Organic Development. (7) Development of Discipline and dedication.
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2.Physiological Aspects of physical education

Q1: What is Muscular System?

Ans: - muscles are the moving forces, behind our movements. They along with bones enables us to
exercise the body in various ways. Muscles are attaches to the bones of Skelton. They give round
shape to the body. There are about 600 muscles in human body. About 45% of our body is formed
of muscles.
Q2: - Discuss the effects of exercise over the muscular system?

Ans: - Exercise increase the muscle strength, which can protect the bones from injury. Strong
muscles also give stability and improve balance and coordination. Exercise also improve blood
supply to the muscles and increase their capacity to use oxygen.
Q3: - What is circulatory system? Organs involved in circulatory system?

Ans: The transport of materials between various parts of body is termed as circulation and the
whole mechanism is known as circulatory system. It involves Heart and Blood Vessels (Arteries,
Veins and Capillaries).
Q4: Highlight the effects of exercise on circulatory system?

Ans: - Regular exercise develops the muscles of heart. It increases the size of heart along with
strength of Heart. Regular Exercise reduce the level of cholesterol. It also decreases the blood
pressure.
Q5: What is respiratory system? Name the organs involved respiratory system?

Ans: - Respiratory system is a mechanism to take oxygen inside and throw carbon dioxide. This
system consists of nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea and lungs.
The function of respiratory system is inhalation and exhalation.
Q6: What is the role of exercise on respiratory system?
Ans: - Regular exercise helps to prevent chronic lung disease.
 Exercise improves your lung capacity.
 Exercise increase the blood flow to your lungs allowing the lungs to deliver more oxygen
into the blood.
 Exercise increase the Tidal volume and decrease the residual volume.
Q6: - What is Digestive system? Organs involved in Digestive system?
Ans: The process of brake down of complex food into simple nutrients is called digestion, and the
system which perform this process is known as Digestive System. Organs Involved (Mouth,
Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestines, large intestines, Rectum and Anus.
Q7: - Give Details how exercise increases blood flow to the muscles?
Ans: - Exercise in the blood flow to the muscles in the digestive system which massage our food
along digestive tract-a process known as peristalsis causing them to work quickly and effectively.
Q: - Explain the Working of Heart? With the help of diagram.
Ans: - the heart is divided into four chambers. The upper two chambers with relative thin walls are
called Atria. The two lower chamber with thick muscular walls are called Ventricles. The right
Atrium receives CO2 rich blood from the various parts if the blood and is then moved into right
ventricle. The right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs where CO2 is removed and Oxygen is

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Absorbed. The left atrium receives the oxygen rich blood as it comes back to heart from the lungs
and is pushed into the left ventricle. The left ventricles pump the blood to the rest of the body. The
right side of the heart is completely separated from the left side with the help of partition called
septum. This prevents the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

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3. psychological aspects of physical education
Q1: Define Psychology. Write down the definitions of psychology.

Ans: Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. Psychology includes the study of
conscious and unconscious phenomena.
The Various definitions of psychology are:

(1) According to Crooks: Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes of
humans and other animals.
(2) According to Crow: Psychology is the study of human behavior and human relationships.
(3) According to N.L MUM: Psychology is the scientific investigation of behavior.
Q2: What is the need of Psychology in the field of Psychological Education?

Ans: Physical Education involves moments of the body in an environment related to physical
activities moreover the need of psychology automatically arises on account of the applicability of
the principles of psychology in Education.
Q3: What do you mean by sports psychology? Discuss the importance of sports psychology?

Ans: Physical Education has various branches and sports psychology is the one of the most
important branch of Physical Education. Sports Psychology deals with the behavior of sports
person. Sports psychology is that branch of psychology which is related with human behavior on
the arena of sports. It helps in understanding the behavior of sports person.
Q4: What is the role of Sports Psychology in Physical Education?

Ans: Sports Psychology looks at how physical activity and mental wellbeing intersect. Sports
Psychology helps sports person to maintain high level performance by prioritizing mental fitness.
Q5: What is motivation and what is achievement in physical education?

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Ans: Achievement: - Achievement is known as the physical Output in activity. When we learn an
activity, we are always interested in its results. If the result of our performance are satisfying. It is
referred to as achievement.
Motivation: - The word motivation is derived from Latin word “mover” which means to move.
Motivation is at heart of learning, without motivation no learning is possible. It is kind of inner
force which energies a man to make constant efforts.

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4. Career Aspects in Physical Education

Q1: Explain in detail the career option in Physical education and sports?

Ans: Physical education is education through physical activities, physical fitness, healthy life style.
Career option in physical education in increasing day by day in India. The career making in the
subject of physical education is not easy. It has wide varieties of its activities along with good
status and lots of jobs provided by Government Organization, like sports authority of India (SAI)
and National institute of Sports (NIS).
Q2: Explain the avenues of career preparation in physical education?

Ans: The physical educational professional may be a teacher, a trainer, a sports specialist. There
are many collages of physical education and departments of physical education in various
universities in India. These institutes provide the following courses.
(1) Certificate course in Physical Education. (2) 4-years bachelor degree in physical education.
(3) One-year D.P. Ed or B.P. Ed (4) Master’s Degree in Physical Education. (5) M.Phil. in Physical
Education. (6) Ph.D. in Physical education.
These Courses Are Provided by:
(1) University of Kashmir (2) University of Jammu (3) GNDU Amritsar (4) NIS Patiala, etc.

Q3: What do you mean by career option?

Ans: Career option refers to any option that take you closer to you goal.
Q: Mention any 4 qualities required for career in Physical Education?
Ans: The 4 qualities required for career in Physical education are:
(1) A High level Physical fitness (2) A good Health (3) A sound Mental Stability (4) A competitive
spirit and Leadership quality.
Q4: Write a short note on teaching as a profession?
Ans: Teaching is a noble profession that come with so much responsibilities and duty towards
students. Teacher do not only teach and provide knowledge but inspires and motivate students for
life and take important steps in life. Teacher boosts confidence of students and direct them in a
right direction.

Q5: What is general eligibility for B.P. Ed and M.P. Ed?

Ans: The general eligibility for B.P. Ed and M.P. Ed is Graduation with sports efficiency.

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5. health and family education

Q1: Explain in detail modern concept of health education?

Ans: Health education can be defined as the principle by which individuals and groups of people
learn to behave in manner conductive to the promotion maintenance or restoration of health.
Q2: Define health. Write down the importance of health Education?

Ans: health is the state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing. It is not only the absence
of disease. A person is said to be healthy when he/she is free from any type of disease.
Importance of Health Education.

It helps to acquire health knowledge to develop positive attitude and behavior to protect from
deadly disease.
Q3: What are the effects of abuse of alcohol on individual family and community?

Ans: over time, excessive alcohol uses can lead to the development of chronic disease and other
serious problems including high blood pressure, heart disease etc.
Q4: Discuss various forms of drugs used by sports person?

Ans: The various drugs that are used by sports persons are as under:

(1) Steroids (2) Alcohol (3) Caffeine (4) cocaine etc.

Q5: Explain the need and importance of family as a social institution?

Ans: Family is supposed to be a major source of support both practical and emotional for its
members. Family provides their children food, clothes, shelter and other necessities
Q6: What is Family?

Ans: A group of one or more parents and their children living together as a unit.

Q7: What are the functions of family?

Ans: The Basic Functions of the Family are as Under:

(1) Reproduction to continue the race

(2) Care, Control and education of children
(3) Meeting basic needs of family members. Etc.

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7. national awards
Q1. Explain the various national awards?

Ans: The national awards of India are awarded by the government of India to people for their
great performance in different fields irrespective of their age, caste, religion etc. These awards are
divided into different categories that include, sports award, literature award and leadership
awards etc.

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Q2. What do you mean by sports award? Explain various national sports awards.

Ans: The national sports award is the collective name given to the six sports awards of republic of
India. It is awarded annually the ministry of sports represented by the president of India.
1. Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award: - The Khel Ratna award officially known as the major Dhyan Chand
award. It is awarded usually by the ministry of youth affairs and sports of India. This award was
started in the year 1991 in the memory of late prime minister, Mr. Rajiv Gandhi. In this award, the
sports person is presented with a Medal, a scroll of honour along with cash of 7 lakh rupees.
2. What is Arjuna Award: - This prestigious award was first introduced in the year 1961. It was named
after the great, perfect student Arjuna (of Mahabharata). This award is given to the sports
personality who excels in games and sports for three consecutive years (at National and
International level). It consists of Five lakh rupees’ cash, scroll of honour and statue of Arjuna. This
award is decided by a ten members Committee (seven Olympic players and three SAI officials). It is
given in three categories—(a) Olympic / Asian / commonwealth games or cricket (b) Indigenous /
Indian games (c) Physically handicapped.
3. Dronacharya Award: - This award is to honour those coaches who have enabled sportsperson to
achieve outstanding result in their discipline. This eminent award was started in the year 1985. It is
given to coaches for their hard-work to produce top level sports persons. This award is named
after the legendary guru / teacher 'Dronacharya'. This award carries—five lakhs rupees’ cash, scroll
of honour, and statue of Guru Dronacharya. Some of its recipients were : Karan Singh, Bobby
Gorge (Athletics) D.P. Azad (Cricket), Zabar Iqbal, Rajinder Singh (Hockey) Saeed Mohammuddin
(Foot-ball) Sham Sunder Rao(Volley-ball).
4. Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad Trophy: - Various Universities of India compete among various games
and sports for this award. This trophy is awarded to a University with best all-round performance.
Along with the trophy and a prize Of cash money. This running trophy was instituted by the Govt.
of India in 1956-57 in memory of the Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, former Education Minister of
India. Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar has bagged the trophy for the highest number of times
(14) since its inception.
5. Dhyan Chand Award: - This award is given for life time achievement in sports. A cash money is
awarded for life time achievement. The first women recipient of this award is Aparana Gosh (2001)
in Basket-ball.
Q3. What do you mean by national events?
Ans: National events are those events which are celebrated with a great pomp and by all the
peoples of the country at the same time. These events are called national events. For example,
Independence day and Republic Day.

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8. Olympic Games
Q.1: Write an essay on Ancient Olympic Games?
Ans: It is difficult to refer the exact origin of the Olympic games but the first recorded ancient
Olympic games were held in 776 BC at Olympia (a small village). In ancient time games were the
part of religious festival.
Q2. Highlight the main features of Modern Olympic Games?
Ans: The main features of modern Olympic Games are: -

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1. Modern games are open to all religions and countries.

2. They are hosted one and one by different countries of the world
3. They contain both national and international elements.
Q3. Write in detail values are gained through Olympic Games?
Ans: The three values of Olympism are excellence, friendship and respect this constitutes the
foundation on which the Olympic movement builds its activities to promotes sports, culture and
education with a view to build the better world.
Q4. Write a short note on Olympic Village?
Ans: It is difficult to refer the exact origin of the Olympic games but the first recorded ancient
Olympic games were held in 776 BC at Olympia (a small village). In ancient time games were the
part of religious festival.
Q5. What is Olympic Flag?
Ans: The Olympic flag was created and designed in 1913 first displayed at the Olympic Congress in
1914. It is of milky white texture in background with five interlinked rings of different colors.
Q6. What are the Olympic Rings?
Ans: The Five interlinked comprise the Olympic Emblem and the color of each ring was proposed
by Coubertin himself to different as follow. Blue, Black, Yellow, Red and Green.
Q7. What is Olympic Torch and March Past?
Ans. In the march past, all competitor-nations march in alphabetical order except Greece
which as the founder nation of the games always marches first and the host nation at the
rearmost. Thousands of pigions are set free as a symbol of peace and goodwill. It is followed
by the ritual of lighting the Olympic torch. The Olympic flame leaps skyward and it burns
throughout the games and is extinguished on the last day when all events have been
completed.
Q10. Who is the father of modern Olympic games?
Ans: Baron Pierre De Coubertin is known as the father of the modern Olympic games.
Q11. When were modern Olympic games starts?
Ans: Modern Olympic games were started in 1900 at Paris.
Q12. When for first time was Olympic lag hoisted?
Ans: The First time the Olympic flag was hoisted in 192 at Antwerp, Belgium.
Q13. Which Country Hosted the 200 Olympic game?
Ans: China hosted the 2008 Olympic games at Bijing.

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9. Diet and its importance in physical development
Q1. Discus the role of diet in the physical fitness as well as on the performance of sports person?
Ans: Food is very important for a person to be physically fit. It is all that matter which is eatable to
provide energy to the body for workout. It provides nutrition for body growth and development.
Good nutrition is most important component of health. Good Diet enhance the sports man’s
performance.
Q2. Define Obesity and write down the cause and effects of obesity?
Ans: Obesity is defined as excessive storage of body fat. When a person has 20% more than the
desirable weight the person is called obese.
Cause of Obesity:
1. Heredity.

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2. Sex difference.
3. Physical inactivity
4. Psychological factor.
5. Eating Habits.
Effects of Obesity:
1. Heart disease
2. High Blood Pressure.
3. Diabetes.
4. Arthritis.
5. Hernia.
6. Hypertension.
Q3. Write an essay on Balanced diet?
Ans: A balanced diet is one that contains all of the essential element that the human body needs.
Q4. Explain the components of Balanced Diet?
Ans: A balanced Diet consists of six main nutrients Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Vitamins,
Minerals and Water.
Q5. What is energy yielding and body building food?
And: Carbohydrates, fats and proteins are also referred to as energy yielding macronutrients
because they supply the body with energy.
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10. Common Sports injuries and rehabilitation

Q1. What is muscle Pull? Explain the treatment if muscle pull?
Ans: Muscle Pull is very frequent complaint in the athlete. Muscle pull is sudden violent and
involuntary contraction of one or several muscles. Painful involuntary contraction of muscles in
swimmers and others caused by abnormalities of the nervous system.
Treatment:
1.Self-Care
 RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation).
 Heating pad: Soothes painful muscles or joints and can help drain skin infection.
 Physical Exercise.
2.Therapies
 Chiropractic treatment techniques.
 Massage.
3.Medication
 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
 Analgesic.
4.Devices
 Elastic Bandage.
 Splint.
Q2. What is sprain? Write down the three types of sprain?
Ans: This is an injury of the ligaments. It occurs due to over stretching of ligaments.
It has three types Mild, Moderate and Severe.
Q3. What is Strain and its types and treatment?

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Ans: Strain is the result of stress or force applied on tissue. Types of strain are Mild, Moderate and
Severe. Treatment is RICE.
Q4. What is Fracture? Explain the kinds of fracture?
Ans: Fracture is actually injury in Bone. When a bone brakes it is termed as fracture.
Its types are as followed:
1. Simple Fracture.
2. Compound Fracture.
3. Complicated Fracture.
4. Green Stick Fracture.
5. Depressed Fracture.
6. Comminuted Fracture.
7. Impacted Fracture.
Q5. What is dislocation? Explain sign and symptoms of dislocation?

Ans: Dislocation is an injury where a joint is forced out of normal position.

Signs and symptoms of Dislocation.

1. Sever pain over the joint.

2. Swelling at the joint may be visible.
3. Inability to make movements of the joint easily.
4. Deformity in the shape of a joint.
First Aid and General Treatment.

1. Don’t try to adjust or reduce the dislocation by yourself.

2. Steady and support the limb in a comfortable position by using some cushion or padding.
3. Keep the person warm.
4. Let the injured person sit on a chair or lie on a bed in a comfortable position.

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Notes are compiled by Lewis Leuim

If you notice any mistake in this chapter please contact : lewisleuim357642@gmail.com