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    BIM 33203

    IMAGE PROCESSING
    CHAPTER 1: FOUNDATION OF IMAGE
    PROCESSING (PART 1)

    ALPINE SKI HOUSE


    COURSE INFORMATION
    CODE: BIM 33203
    NAME: IMAGE PROCESSING
    CREDIT: 3; Lecture (2 Hr); Practical/Lab (2 Hr)
    PRE-REQUISITE SUBJECT: BIM 20603

    ALPINE SKI HOUSE 2


    COURSE SYNOPSIS

    • It covers the discussions on


    basic principles and features of
    image processing.

    • Students will also learn and


    apply some of the techniques
    of image processing and its
    applications in real world.

    ALPINE SKI HOUSE 3


    COURSE LEARNING
    OUTCOMES (CLO)

    1. Manipulate fundamental
    knowledge of computer graphics
    and animation in computing
    solutions.

    2. Develop applications of computer


    graphics and animation using
    graphics programming language.

    3. Discuss in the project development


    process of computer graphics and
    animation in groups.

    ALPINE SKI HOUSE 4


    COURSE SYLLABUS

    CHAPTER TITLE/TOPIC
    1 Foundation of Image Processing
    2 Image Transformation
    3 Image Enhancement and Restoration
    4 Image Compression
    5 Image Segmentation
    6 Image Characteristics
    7 Object Recognition
    8 Application of Image Processing

    ALPINE SKI HOUSE 5


    COURSE ASSESSMENT METHODS

    NO METHOD PERCENTAGE (%)


    1 Quiz 5
    2 Assignment 20
    3 Test 10
    4 Project 25
    5 Final Examination 40
    TOTAL 100

    ALPINE SKI HOUSE 6


    CHAPTER 1 - OUTLINE

    ▪ Computer imaging
    ▪ Digital image
    ▪ Digital image processing
    ▪ Basic image processing techniques
    ▪ Application of image processing
    ▪ Image processing key stages
    ▪ Components of image processing
    ALPINE SKI HOUSE 7
    COMPUTER IMAGING

    ▪ Defined as the acquisition and processing of visual


    information by computer.
    ▪ The ultimate receivers of information are:
    ➢ computer – the machine
    ➢ human visual system – the user
    ▪ So we have two divisions:
    ➢ computer vision
    ➢ image processing

    8
    COMPUTER VISION AND IMAGE
    PROCESSING
    ▪ In computer vision:
    ➢ the processed output images are for use by
    the computer.
    ▪ In image processing:
    ➢ the output images are for human
    interpretation

    9
    DIGITAL IMAGE
    ▪ We are mostly familiar with images that we can see with our eyes.
    These are the images we take with our cameras. They form a very
    small part of the spectrum!

    10
    DIGITAL IMAGE

    ▪ Images can be captured from other parts of the


    spectrum. For example:
    ➢ x-ray images
    ➢ ultra violet images
    ➢ light-microscopy images
    ➢ satellite images
    ➢ thermal images

    11
    DIGITAL IMAGE
    ▪ Figure below demonstrates the same image (of a star) that has
    been captured from different spectral bands.

    12
    DIGITAL IMAGE

    ▪ An image is a two-dimensional function f(x, y)


    ➢ x and y are spatial coordinates
    ➢ the amplitude of f is called intensity or gray
    level at the point (x, y)

    A digital image – an image


    whereby x, y and the
    amplitude values of f are all
    finite, discrete quantities
    f(x, 13y)
    DIGITAL IMAGE
    ▪ It is an approximation of a real scene.
    ▪ It is a representation of a two-dimensional image.
    ▪ It is composed of a finite number of elements called pixels or
    picture elements.
    ▪ Pixel values represent gray levels (intensity).

    14
    EXAMPLES OF DIGITAL IMAGES
    a) Natural landscape
    b) Synthetically generated scene
    c) Poster graphic
    d) Computer screenshot
    e) Black and white illustration
    f) Barcode
    g) Fingerprint
    h) X‐ray
    i) Microscope slide
    j) Satellite Image
    k) Radar image
    l) Astronomical object
    15
    DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
    ▪ Processing digital images by means of computer.
    ▪ The continuum from image processing to computer vision can
    be broken down into low-, mid- and high-level processes.

    For this course,


    we will stop here 16
    17
    ORIGINS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

    A digital picture (5 levels)


    produced in 1921 from a
    coded tape by a
    telegraph printer with
    special type faces.
    (McFarlane.† )

    Sent by submarine cable


    between London and
    New York, the
    transportation time was
    reduced to less than
    three hours from more
    than a week
    18
    ORIGINS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

    Unretouched cable
    picture of Generals
    Pershing and Foch,
    transmitted in 1929
    from London to New
    York by 15-tone
    equipment.
    (McFarlane.)

    19
    ORIGINS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
    The first picture of the
    moon by a U.S.
    spacecraft. Ranger 7
    took this image on July
    31, 1964 at 9:09 A.M.
    EDT, about 17 minutes
    before impacting the
    lunar surface. (Courtesy
    of NASA.)

    20
    WHY IMAGE PROCESSING

    ▪ Improve/enhance an image for human


    interpretation in certain ways including:
    ➢ image display and printing
    ➢ image editing
    ➢ image compression

    21
    EXAMPLE OPERATION: NOISE REMOVAL
    Noisy Image Denoised Image

    Think of noise as white specks on a picture (random or non-random)

    22
    EXAMPLES: NOISE REMOVAL

    23
    EXAMPLE: CONTRAST ADJUSTMENT

    24
    EXAMPLE: EDGE DETECTION

    25
    EXAMPLE: REGION DETECTION,
    SEGMENTATION

    26
    EXAMPLE: IMAGE COMPRESSION

    27
    EXAMPLE: IMAGE RESTORATION
    Damaged Image Restored Image

    In-painting? Reconstruct corrupted/destroyed parts of an image.


    28
    EXAMPLES: ARTISTIC (MOVIE SPECIAL)
    EFFECTS
    ▪ Image manipulation
    ▪ Image morphological

    29
    APPLICATIONS OF IMAGE PROCESSING

    30
    APPLICATIONS OF IMAGE PROCESSING

    31
    APPLICATIONS OF IMAGE PROCESSING

    32
    APPLICATIONS OF IMAGE PROCESSING
    ▪ Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
    ➢ terrain classification
    ➢ meteorology (weather)

    33
    APPLICATIONS OF IMAGE PROCESSING
    ▪ Law Enforcement
    ➢ number plate recognition for speed cameras or automated
    toll systems
    ➢ fingerprint recognition

    34
    APPLICATIONS OF IMAGE PROCESSING
    ▪ HCI
    ➢ face recognition
    ➢ gesture recognition

    35
    KEY STAGES IN DIGITAL IMAGE
    PROCESSING

    36
    KEY STAGES IN DIGITAL IMAGE
    PROCESSING

    37
    KEY STAGES IN DIGITAL IMAGE
    PROCESSING

    38
    KEY STAGES IN DIGITAL IMAGE
    PROCESSING

    39
    KEY STAGES IN DIGITAL IMAGE
    PROCESSING

    Consider colour images (colour models,


    etc)

    40
    KEY STAGES IN DIGITAL IMAGE
    PROCESSING

    Reduce image size (e.g. JPEG)

    41
    KEY STAGES IN DIGITAL IMAGE
    PROCESSING

    Extract attributes useful for describing


    image 42
    KEY STAGES IN DIGITAL IMAGE
    PROCESSING

    Divide image into constituent parts

    43
    KEY STAGES IN DIGITAL IMAGE
    PROCESSING

    Image regions are transformed


    appropriately for computer processing
    44
    KEY STAGES IN DIGITAL IMAGE
    PROCESSING

    Discover & labels objects in scene


    (e.g. motorbike)
    45
    COMPONENTS OF AN IMAGE PROCESSING
    SYSTEM

    46
    THAT’S ALL!
    END OF CHAPTER 1
    (PART 1)

    ALPINE SKI HOUSE

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