SECTION A

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING, AND SURVEYING

UiTM SERI ISKANDAR

BUILDING SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENT ( BGN 273 )

GROUP ASSIGNMENT

PROGRAMME: AP 116

PREPARED BY:

No NAME MATRIC ID
1. MUHAMMAD HASZIMAN BIN HASNAN 2021203258
2. RUSYDAN SYHAMI B ROSLAN 2021875216
3. AMIN SYAMIL BIN SULEIMAN 2021212264
4. NUR ALIYA ARISYA BINTI HAFIZI 2021840594
GROUP CLASS: AAP 116 4i
SUBMISSION DATE: WEEK 14

PREPARED FOR:
SIR MUHAMMAD RUZAINI BIN RAMLAN
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, we give Allah, the Most Gracious and Merciful, all the credit for the abilities
and benefits that have enabled us to fulfill this task. This initiative was successful thanks to the
help of many people.

Additionally, we wanted to convey our appreciation and thanks to Sir Muhammad Ruzaini
Ramlan, our favorite instructor, who has consistently been courteous and supportive while we
worked on finishing this project. Even though there were a few obstacles, we could work through
them and complete the project with the aid of everyone in the group.

Furthermore, we would like to thank the Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia

administration for providing the necessary tools for the project's completion. Additionally, we
would like to thank everyone who contributed, directly or indirectly, to the project's success.

Lastly, we thank our team for their hard work and dedication in completing this project. We
also want to thank them for the many wonderful and precious moments we enjoyed.
 TABLE OF CONTENT

1.0 INTRODUCTION 4
1.1 MALAYSIA CLIMATE 4
1.2 VENTILATION 5
1.2 LIGHTING 5
1.3 HUMIDITY 5
2.0 INTRODUCTION TO CASE STUDY 6
2.1 BUILDING PLAN OF CASE STUDY BUILDING 7
2.3 SPACE USE FOR CASE STUDY 9
3.0 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 10
4.0 METHODOLOGY 11
5.0 DISCUSSION OF THE FINDING 12
5.1 DATA FOR THE ILLUMINANCE 16
5.1.2 DATA IN THE MORNING 16
5.1.3 DATA IN THE EVENING 18
5.1.4 PROBLEM-RELATED TO THERMAL COMFORT 20
6.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION. 21
6.1 RECOMMENDATION. 21
6. 2 CONCLUSION 21
6.0 REFERENCE 22
1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 MALAYSIA CLIMATE

Malaysia experiences tropical weather yearly. However, the air is frequently humid because of
its proximity to the sea. Despite this, the weather is often moderate throughout the year, with
average highs of 20 to 30 degrees Celsius. The highlands, however, have cooler temperatures.

There is a monsoon season in Malaysia due to its weather and environment.

However, it varies based on the location. While the northeast's rainy season lasts from November
to March, the southwest's monsoon season lasts from May to September. For beach vacations, the
best months to travel are January and February on the west coast, April in Sabah, June and July
on the east coast, and July in Sarawak.

There is a monsoon season in Malaysia because of the country's climate. However, it changes
depending on where you are. The rainy season in the northeast lasts from November to March,
whereas the monsoon season in the southwest lasts from May to September. For beach vacations,
January and February are the best months to travel to the west coast, Sabah in April, and
Sarawak's east and west coasts in June and July.

1
1.2 VENTILATION

The act of purposely supplying "clean" air—typically outdoor air—to a location while removing
stale air is known as ventilation. You can do this using mechanical or natural methods. In
addition to purposeful ventilation, 'air infiltration' is a natural way for air to enter a structure.
This is the unplanned or accidental air entry into space through openings and fissures in the
building envelope. Exfiltration is the phrase used to describe the equivalent loss of air from a
confined space. The porosity of the building shell and the strength of the wind and temperature's
natural driving forces affect how much air penetration occurs. When the pressures acting across
such openings are governed by weather conditions rather than purposefully (like mechanically)
created driving forces, vents and other apertures built into a building as part of the ventilation
design can also become paths for unintended air movement.

1.2 LIGHTING

Lighting or illumination is the purposeful application of light to produce functional or

aesthetically pleasing effects. Lighting encompasses natural illumination obtained by catching
daylight and artificial illumination, such as lights and light fixtures. In some cases,
daylighting—using windows, skylights, or light shelves—is employed in buildings as the
primary light source during the day. By doing this instead of using artificial lighting, which
accounts for a sizable portion of energy use in buildings, energy can be saved. An area's
appearance, task performance, or residents' psychological well-being can all be improved by
proper lighting.

1.3 HUMIDITY

The amount of water vapor in the air is known as humidity. The gaseous form of water, known as
water vapor, is typically undetectable to the naked eye. The humidity predicts the presence of
precipitation, dew, or fog. The temperature and pressure of the system of interest affect humidity.
Compared to warm air, chilly air has a higher relative humidity when the same amount of water
vapor is present. The dew point is another relevant variable. As the temperature rises, more water
vapor is required until saturation.

2
2.0 INTRODUCTION TO CASE STUDY

The building that has been selected is the Pusat Mahasiswa building called “PUMA” by the
UITM students. Students from UiTM Seri Iskandar use Pusat Mahasiswa as a location for both
academic and extracurricular activities, such as the Brass band, silat, and Danseni. Additionally,
it can serve as a venue for associations to hold yearly events. At “PUMA” also has an office for”
Unit Kejayaan dan Kaunseling,” “Unit Kebudayaan,” and others.

This structure is intended to be both an office and a mosque. Pusat Mahasiswa was converted
into a mosque for students to accomplish their duties before Pusat Islam was constructed. There
is a large entryway both inside and outside of Pusat Mahasiswa. Consequently, this structure is
ideal for a prayer room or a multipurpose hall.

UiTM Seri Iskandar in Perak is the owner of this puma. The management of Pusat Mahasiswa is
entirely the responsibility of UiTM management. Due to its proximity to sports facilities,
including stadiums, fields, and courts, as well as "Unit Kesihatan," Puma is a great area to spend
time relaxing.

3
2.1 BUILDING PLAN OF CASE STUDY BUILDING

4
5
2.3 SPACE USE FOR CASE STUDY

Indoor Activities Area

Outdoor Activities Area

6
3.0 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objective of the case study is to

1. To investigate the case study building's architecture and surroundings

2. To find issues with thermal comfort within the case study building
3. To suggest passive design strategies to raise the case study building's thermal comfort
level

4.0 METHODOLOGY

I. Finding the natural and artificial lighting, wind, humidity, and temperature.

We choose the measurement point for the lux. We need to measure four points to
cover the entire area because the location we chose to conduct the case study is
large. We measure the lux by using the 4 in 1 meter. Then, repeat the same step to
find the wind, humidity, and temperature.

II. Check the building's appliances, such as the fans and lighting.

We discovered three double-panel windows inside the building based on our

observations. In addition, we discovered eight top-hung aluminum casement
windows. Next, there are twenty-eight fluorescent lighting. Fluorescent lights are
also there. However, a shorter one has twelve. Finally, we have identified four
halogens. We discovered fluorescent lights outside the building to have thirty-two,
whereas a shorter one had three. Then, we measure the window size and the other
using the measuring tape.

III. All the data is written on pieces of paper.

7
5.0 DISCUSSION OF THE FINDING

1. OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES AREA

ITEM DIAGRAM REMARKS

FLUORESCENT LAMP QUANTITY: 32

SHORTER FLUORESCENT QUANTITY : 3

LAMP

CEILING FAN QUANTITY : 20

8
 2. INDOOR ACTIVITIES AREA

ITEM DIAGRAM REMARKS

FLUORESCENT LAMP QUANTITY: 28

SHORTER FLUORESCENT QUANTITY: 12

LAMP

HALOGEN LAMP QUANTITY: 4

9
ITEM DIAGRAM REMARKS
ALUMINIUM CASEMENT QUANTITY: 8
WINDOW WITH TOP
HUNG SIZE: 1220mm x 2350mm

DOUBLE-PANEL GLASS QUANTITY : 3

DOOR
SIZE: 1200MM X 2440MM

DUCTING VENTILATION QUANTITY: 2

10
ITEM DIAGRAM REMARKS
HIGH VOLUME Quantity : 1
LOW-SPEED FAN

WALL FAN QUANTITY : 2

11
5.1 DATA FOR THE ILLUMINANCE

The amount of light falling on a surface per unit area is called illumination. It is a way to
gauge how bright a particular region or object is being lit up. The lux (lx), which equals
one lumen per square meter (lm/m2), is the unit of measurement for brightness.

5.1.2 DATA IN THE MORNING

These data were collected at 10.30 am at the indoor activity area:

NATURAL LUX ARTIFICIAL MEASURE POINT

156 179 MP 1

140 160 MP 2

100 140 MP 3

50 76 MP 4

WIND ( NORTH ) MEASURE POINT

1.0 MP 2

TEMPERATURE RELATIVE HUMIDITY MEASURE POINT

32.5 60.8 MP 1

32.5 63.1 MP2

32.5 63.1 MP3

32.5 62.7 MP 4

12
These data were collected at 10.30 am at the outdoor activity area:

NATURAL LUX ARTIFICIAL MEASURE POINT

550 559 MP 1

645 660 MP 2

1221 1236 MP 3

5350 5352 MP 4

WIND ( NORTH ) MEASURE POINT

0 MP 2

TEMPERATURE RELATIVE HUMIDITY MEASURE POINT

32.3 60.4 MP 1

32.4 63.9 MP2

32.5 60.7 MP3

32.5 60.2 MP 4

13
5.1.3 DATA IN THE EVENING

These data were collected at 3 pm at the indoor activity area:

NATURAL LUX ARTIFICIAL MEASURE POINT

224 241 MP 1

247 265 MP 2

238 252 MP 3

203 249 MP 4

WIND ( NORTH ) MEASURE POINT

1.0 MP 2

TEMPERATURE RELATIVE HUMIDITY MEASURE POINT

34 60.8 MP 1

32.5 63.1 MP2

32.5 63.1 MP3

32.5 62.7 MP 4

14
These data were collected at 3 pm at the outdoor activity area:

NATURAL LUX ARTIFICIAL MEASURE POINT

33 35 MP 1

35 40 MP 2

45 70 MP 3

106 116 MP 4

WIND ( NORTH ) MEASURE POINT

14 MP 2

TEMPERATURE RELATIVE HUMIDITY MEASURE POINT

29 72 MP 1

29 72 MP2

29 72 MP3

29 724 MP 4

15
5.1.4 PROBLEM-RELATED TO THERMAL COMFORT

To begin with, the windows in this case study building are made of transparent glass. Because
this building has transparent windows, the heat within the house rises as the sun discharges hot,
sweltering light in the afternoon and evening. The situation adds to the building's user discomfort
and hard times.

The wall in this building is made of concrete, too. As a material with a "high thermal mass,"
concrete is a type of wall that can store much heat. Thermal mass (Sheri, 2019) is the term used
to describe the capacity of concrete to absorb and store heat energy. With concrete serving as the
home's walls, which absorb energy slowly and hold it for a considerable amount longer than
other materials, the weather in Malaysia frequently gets scorching, especially in the afternoon
and evening. As a result, the temperature inside the building rises, making the occupants
uncomfortable.

Finally, the roof over the outdoor activity area is made of zinc, which will radiate heat when the
sun is at its peak during the day while also heating the interior. The extremely heat-absorbing
material feature of zinc will cause thermal discomfort. If ventilation is inadequate, the
temperature increase under the covering will be even more significant and will be directly
proportionate to the amount of heat radiation from the sun that is given to the zinc roof, but
thankfully the outdoor activity area is an open space, so it is not too hot.

16
6.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.

6.1 RECOMMENDATION.

One method to stop the rise in temperature in the house caused by transparent glass windows is
to install tinted glass-type heat control film such as heat rejection (Heat Rejection - HR) and solar
energy (Solar Energy) on each window. Up to 97% of the heat can be reduced. The film is
applied to the interior of glass windows to limit the number of infrared rays (infrared rejection),
minimise light entry, fend against heat entry, and stop ultraviolet (UV) entry.

Besides, is shading and glazing, use the proper shading techniques, such as blinds, awnings, or
louvres, to keep the building shaded during hot weather while yet allowing natural light to
penetrate. Utilise low solar heat uptake and energy-efficient glass to reduce heat transfer through
windows.

Lastly, green roofs or living walls are options to consider included in the building's design.
Improved thermal comfort results from these characteristics' contributions to building insulation,
shading, and reducing the urban heat island effect.

6. 2 CONCLUSION

This building is comfortable and thermal comfort is balanced because there are not too many
difficulties with heat gain and heat loss. Even though the indoor activity area receives so much
direct sun that makes the area hot, but there are two ducting ventilation and one giant fan, and
eight windows with top hung that always be open, so their air circulation is good enough. This
house is balanced with these two aspects, making it comfortable for its occupants.

17
6.0 REFERENCE

1. Laman_Utama
https://malay.wiki/content/Kampus%20UiTM%20Seri%20Iskandar/Sejarah.html

2. Pusat Mahasiswa Universiti Teknologi Mara Cawangan Perak. (2023).

Facebook.com.https://www.facebook.com/pumaseriiskandar

3. Wikipedia Contributors. (2022, October 3). Illuminance. Wikipedia; Wikimedia

Foundation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illuminance

4. World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal

https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/malaysia/climate-data-historical#:
~:text=Malaysia%20has%20a%20tropical%20climate,25.9%C2%B0C%20in%20May.

5. Humidity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity

6. Ventilation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventilation

7. Humidity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity

8. Lighting
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighting

18
SECTION B

19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30