Lutum Roof Tiles Technical Guide

LUTUM Roof Tiles
Technical Information Guide
January 2024
Contents
Introduction Concrete Roof Tiles

Foreword 5 Capri™ SA 31
Important 5 Contour™ NSW, ACT & VIC 32
Quality Control 5 Linea™ NSW, ACT & QLD 33
Specifications 5 Linea™ SA 34
Local Authorities 5 Linea™ VIC 35
Performance 5 Macquarie™ NSW, ACT, QLD & VIC 36
Safety 5 Slimline™ NSW, ACT, QLD & VIC 37
Designer Ceramic + Terracotta 6 Striata™ SA 38
Concrete 6 Striata™ VIC 39
Roofing Terminology 7 Vogue™ NSW, ACT & QLD 40
Vogue™ SA 41
Design Considerations Vogue™ VIC 42
Code Considerations 13
Standards 13
Accessories
Bushfire Attack Levels (BAL) 13 Terracotta Accessories 44
Wind Forces 13 Designer Ceramic Accessories 46
Terrain Categories 14 Concrete Accessories 47
Basic Wind Regions 15 General Accessories 48
Fixing Tile Roofs in Cyclonic Regions 16
Minimum Roof Pitch 16 Installation Details
Maximum Rafter Lengths 16
Preparation for Installation 50
Maximum Rafter Lengths - No Sarking 16
Tile Set Out 50
Sarking 17
Counter Battens 53
Insulation 17
Valleys 54
Ventilation 17
Fascia Height 54
Barge Height 55
Performance Characteristics Anti-Ponding Boards 55
Thermal Performance 19 Laying the Roof 55
Acoustic Performance 19 Roof Tile Fixing Systems 56
Water Collection 19 Sarking 57
Testing: AS 2049 - Roof Tiles 21 Ridge Systems 58
Testing: AS 2050 - Installation of Roof Tiles 21 Ridge Installation 58
Fire Resistance 22 Hip Details 61
Valley Boards 61
Terracotta Roof Tiles Sarking at Valleys 61
Valley General 62
French™ 24
Barge/Gable Systems 62
Swiss™ 25
Roof and Flashings Details 64
Bedding and Pointing 66
Designer Ceramic Roof Tiles
Roof Completion 88
Artline ® 27
Shingle™ 28 Architectural Details 68
Wave™ 29
Frequently Asked Questions 84
2
LUTUM will also deliver direct to your job-site or if
A QUALITY FINISH, you prefer, you can pick up directly from one of our 5
WITH A QUALITY LOOK Australian locations. Our team is also on-hand to support
you with any queries you may have, at any time before,
TO YOUR JOB during or after completion of your job.
hen you choose LUTUM roof tiles you know you are
W You can trust LUTUM’s technical know-how to work out
getting a quality product. A quality product that will last. A all your tiling needs so all you have to do is supply and
quality product that will look great not only on handover, install your LUTUM roof tiles.
but for many years to come.
Whether you are building a new home or renovating an

existing pitched roof, LUTUM’s range of unique designs 50 YEARS AS PROACTIVE
and colour profiles gives choice to individualise and
complement the entire home. AND ACCOUNTABLE
Choose from LUTUM’s attractive Concrete or exceptional
PARTNERS
and long-lasting Terracotta and Designer Ceramic tiles. LUTUM (formerly Boral Roofing and Masonry) has been
LUTUM Concrete tiles are made from sand and cement manufacturing, supplying and installing roof tiles and
that gets stronger with age. LUTUM Terracotta and masonry products to the Australian building industry for
Designer Ceramic tiles are made from natural Australian more than 50 years.
clay resulting in a strong, yet lightweight roofing material,
of exceptional quality and colour that never fades. Over this time, we have demonstrated a strong
commitment to building enduring partnerships with
LUTUM roof tiles have been manufactured to the highest builders and distributors through a mix of proactive
Australian standards for over 50 years, which is why we determination and accountability.
confidently provide a customer guarantee of 20 years on
all LUTUM Concrete tiles, 50 years on LUTUM Terracotta We listen and we respond proactively and will always
tiles and 60 years on LUTUM Designer Ceramic tiles. be accountable for our service and our product quality.
All LUTUM staff have the freedom to pursue customer-
To ensure quality standards, LUTUM maintains a fully- focussed ideas and initiatives while being held
staffed Quality Control Laboratory where LUTUM tiles accountable to what they promise. This ensures we are
are constantly tested for weight and dimensional stability, always looking for ways to help your business succeed
transverse strength, water absorption, permeability while at the same time being fully responsible for our
and colour consistency in compliance with Australian actions as a trusted supplier of quality products.
Standard AS2049 for Roofing.
What this ultimately means is that we always strive to be
LUTUM roof tiles provide a great investment for your trusted and easy to do business with.
clients that will add pride and value to their home for its
entire life.
SERVICE AND SUPPORT

YOU CAN DEPEND ON
At LUTUM we pride ourselves on our roofing expertise to
help you complete your job on-time and to your client’s
total satisfaction.
Our LUTUM supply service is here to help you with all

your needs. We will work with you to help plan your job.
From helping you with technical expertise, to estimating
the exact numbers of tiles, ridges, apexes and valleys to
having all the accessories including sarking and battens
that you will need to complete your job.
3
LUTUM Roof Tiles Technical Information Guide
Introduction
4
Roof Tile Manual LUTUM Roof Tiles Technical Information Guide
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
Foreword Local Authorities
This manual has been prepared to assist the builder, architect Fixing standards and product specifications contained in this leaflet are
and installer, to specify, detail, prepare and install LUTUM roof minimum recommendations based on Australian Standards and good
tiles. While it is not possible to list and detail every condition that industry practice. It is however recommended that local authorities are
may be encountered, LUTUM will assist and advise on any special consulted as they may require different standards to be met.
situations that may occur.
It should be noted that the manual has been written as a working Performance
guide for industry, however it is not intended to replace good trade LUTUM roof tiles should perform as specified if fixed in accordance
practice and the long trade experience essential to obtain a quality with good trade practice and recommendations set down in this and
roof installation. LUTUM recommends that installation is carried out other relevant literature.
by a professional roof tiler.
The objective of these specifications is to provide up-to-date
information for architects, building contractors and all persons
Important responsible for purchasing and installing roof tiles. The material
All care has been taken in the compilation of this manual, covers the range of LUTUM roof tiles and accessories available
however LUTUM accepts no responsibility nor liability for the in Australia, and the preferred methods and standards for fixing
contents of the manual (including any printing or typographical tiles, including special treatments.
errors) and recommends that all standards, specifications and
The following points should be noted:
recommendations be independently checked.
• The need to encourage the highest standards of trade practice
These roof tile fixing specifications should be applied in the to ensure long lasting and attractive roof finishes.
following context - in conjunction with, but subordinate to, the
• The need to encourage compatibility between overlapping
Building Code of Australia, Australian Standards, State codes trades on building sites.
and regulations.
• The full range of products may not be available or applicable
Architects and specifiers should not only ensure that the details to all states at this time.
provided in this manual are followed, but should determine to • Uniform fixing methods are given but there are some variations
their own satisfaction that the job is completed to an acceptable in procedure from state to state. Advice should be obtained locally.
standard of trade practice. Special fixing standards apply to designated high wind areas.
Note:
The instructions and details in this manual refer to both concrete Safety
and terracotta tiles (except where specifically noted). Federal, State and Territory WHS Acts and Regulations and Codes
of Practice set out specific safety requirements and arrangements
Quality Control
for working at heights that every workplace shall enforce in order to
LUTUM maintains a fully staffed Quality Control Laboratory. The
meet their legal responsibility of providing a safe working environment.
product is tested for weight and dimensional stability, transverse
The following minimum mandatory requirements shall be
strength, water absorption, permeability and colour consistency.
implemented to ensure LUTUM workplace compliance in relation to
working at heights:
Specifications • Undertake a risk assessment before starting any work.
Production information contained in this leaflet is correct at the time
• The site/operations manager or their delegate shall identify
of printing, however specifications are subject to change without notice. tasks and locations that are likely to require working at heights
LUTUM liability is limited to the replacement of product should and record tasks.
it fail to perform as specified in literature current at the date of • A Safe Work Method Statement (SWMS) shall be completed
manufacture. and approved by a competent Supervisor before any work
4 June 2018 | BORAL ROOF TILES

5
Roof Tile Manual
Introduction
>> Introduction
» Introduction
occurs and whether the scope of work changes or the risk Designer Ceramic & Terracotta
of a fall increases.
Meaning ‘baked earth’ in Italian, terracotta, as the name suggests
• The site/operations manager or their delegate shall design
is a natural clay product that has been used throughout the ages for
and implement safe access systems, where required.
protection against the elements.
• Controls shall be implemented to reduce risks to as low as
reasonably practicable when working at heights is required. LUTUM terracotta tiles and the Designer Ceramic range
• Forklift work platforms are not permitted to be used. are manufactured using prepared clays that are kiln-fired to
temperatures of 1100°C, resulting in a strong yet lightweight
• Personal fall-arrest equipment should only be used when all
other control measures have been explored and deemed to be roofing material of exceptional quality.
not reasonably practicable.
• Where electrical power lines are in the working at heights
Natural Beauty of Designer Ceramic &
area, electricity network supplier shall be contacted to Terracotta
determine clearances.
High Quality Premium finish
• All equipment shall be fit for its intended purpose and pre-start
checks shall be undertaken before use. Made from natural clay, the tiles exude character and quality that
cannot be replicated. Various finishes are available with a choice of
Working on Roofs full glazed, semi-glazed, matt glazed or un-glazed tiles.
• All work on roofs shall be conducted in accordance with
regulated Australian Standards and relevant Codes of Practice. Superior Colour-fast properties
• Where personnel are required to work within two metres of The outstanding colour performance of glazed, semi-glazed, matt
a roof edge, or on brittle or fragile material, fall-prevention glazed and un-glazed tiles is achieved during the firing process at
measures shall be utilised unless otherwise qualified in relevant temperatures of 1100°C. The process known as vitrification provides
Codes of Practice. a finished tile resistant to harsh UV exposure. The colour is “locked in”
• Permanent or temporary guard rails and walkways are and will remain vibrant for years to come.
preferred; however, if these are not practicable, alternative
control measures shall be used (eg static line systems Design Flexibility
or scaffolds). Designer Ceramic comes in three profiles; Wave™, Artline and Shingle™.
®
• Brittle or fragile roofing materials shall be protected with While Terracotta roof tiles offer two distinct profiles; French™ and Swiss™.
appropriately secured wire to protect inadvertent falls through These combine to provide great design flexibility to achieve a wide range
the material. of house designs.
Other Safety Considerations Concrete

• Take care when moving or unpacking. Personal protection
Modern Concrete tiles, made from cement, graded sands and
equipment, including eye protection, should be worn at all
pigments, can replicate the appearance of a broad array of
times when handling roof tile packs and cutting straps. Straps
distinctive tile designs. As such they offer the widest selection of
are under tension and may snap and/or recoil. Additionally, roof
tiles may collapse when unwrapped. profiles and colours, while remaining relatively cost-effective.
• Avoid inhalation of dust when cutting roof tiles as it may LUTUM Concrete tiles are manufactured using an extrusion process
contain traces of crystalline silica. Take care by wearing resulting in the utmost strength and density. Following moulding
appropriate PPE such as eye protection and a Class P1 and colouring we apply a sealant finish that protects against
(particulate) dust mask. efflorescence, a salty white deposit that can form on masonry and
• Please refer to SDS for specific safety information, available at concrete products.
www.lutum.com.au
Numerous accessories are available to enhance the overall
appearance of a concrete tiled roof.
BORAL ROOF TILES | June 2018 5
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Introduction
>> Introduction
» Introduction
Enhanced Versatility of Concrete Roofing Terminology

Abutment
Outstanding value
Where the roof tiles meet a brick or timber structure rising above
With proven performance and an attractive appearance, concrete
the roof.
tiles are one of Australia’s most popular choices for value for money.
Accessory
Enduring Strength A concrete or terracotta product used to finish the roof; includes
Our Concrete tiles are manufactured from durable concrete made to apex, ridge and barge tiles.
strict strength specifications, with strength improving with age. “A” Frame Roof
A steep pitched gable roof, each slope extending from close to the
Extensive Colour Range ground line to meet at the top ridge.
Whether it’s the vibrancy of our colour-on surface finishes or the
Apex
longevity of colour through options, there is a concrete tile to
The intersection of all ascending hips where they meet either a
complement any colour scheme.
ridge or another ascending hip (also the name of a three-or-four-
Water Absorption way fitting used to cover this point).
Extruded Concrete tiles are made from cement and graded sands Apron Flashing
to ensure the body of the tile conforms to the requirements of the A one piece flashing, such as used at the lower end of a valley,
Australian Standard for water absorption of less than 10%. spilling onto a lower roof.
Hip board
Ridge board Cripple rafter
Common rafter Hip creeper rafter
Ceiling joist stringer Jack rafter
Collar tie
Valley creeper rafter
Purlin strut
Under purlin
Valley rafter
Internal wall studs

Fascia board
Internal top wall plate
Wall plate
Ceiling joist
Figure 1: Roof Structural Members
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Roof Tile Manual
Introduction
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» Introduction
Anti-Ponding Board Cleat
A lining of various materials (galvanised iron, fibrous cement etc) A small piece of wood reinforcing another or used to locate
fixed along the eaves lines from the top of the fascia, back to the positively another timber.
rafter with a clearance of 10mm below the first batten.
Collar Tie
Barge Board/Verge Board The timber used to connect two rafters near their approximate centres.
A sloping board parallel with the pitch of the roof along a gable,
Concealed Gable Flashing
covering the Gable Board: ends of roof timbers.
Normally a galvanised strip with an internal lip fixed under the fibre
Barge Course/Verge Course cement verge strip and running to the gutter line.
The tiles next to the gable, which overhang it slightly.
Counter Battens
Bastard Valley or Hip A batten normally fixed on top and parallel to the rafters over the
A valley or hip formed in an abnormal or non-parallel line on which ceiling lining where the ceiling lining is fixed on top of the rafters
tiles are fixed. (exposed beams). Tiling battens are then fixed to the counter
battens, creating an air space, allowing sarking to dish between
Battens
the rafters.
Selected sized timber fixed parallel to the eave line on which tiles
are fixed. Creeper Rafters
Bedding Short rafters spanning between ridge and valley, reducing in length
Composition of sand and cement for fixing ridge capping on hips at the end, which joins the valley rafter.
and ridges.
Cripple Creepers
Bellcast Batten: (Tilting batten) Joins the valley rafter to the hip rafter.
A batten fixed on the toe of the rafters in a vertical line with the Dormer or Dormer Window
plum cut, to keep the eaves course of tiles on the same rake as the A vertical window or opening, coming through a sloping roof and
other courses (the fascia board generally serves this purpose). usually provided with its own pitched roof.
Bond Dormer Cheek
The system of aligning tiles on the roof in relationship to each other. The upright side to a dormer.
With straight bond, the sides of tiles form straight lines from bottom
Dutch Gable
to top course. With staggered, broken or cross bond, tiles in each
A roof having a gable near the ridge and the lower part hipped.
alternate course overlap, by half, the tiles above and below them.
For installation as a quarter bond (Linea) tiles, in each alternate Eave or Eaves
course overlap by a quarter of the tile width. The lowest overhanging part of a sloping roof, which projects
beyond the external wall.
Box Gutter
An internal roof gutter between the slopes of a roof or a roof and a Eaves Fascia
wall that discharges water internally through a sump. A board on edge fixed along the feet of the rafters. It often carries
the eaves gutter along the eaves.
Capillary Break
A groove or space left between two surfaces, large enough to Facade
prevent capillary movement of water into a building. The face or front of a building normally of steep elevation.
Ceiling Joist Fascia Board

The joists that carry the ceiling and also form a tie between the feet A wide board set vertically on edge, fixed to the rafter ends or wall
of the common rafters. plate or wall. It carries the gutter.
8
Introduction
>> Introduction
» Introduction
Fall Gutter
The slope or pitch of a roof or gutter. Any form of roof water channel, viz:
Finial • Back Gutter – a gutter at the back of a chimney or other

Usually a pointed ornament at the top of a gable, hip junctions and penetration in a pitched roof.
dutch gables. • Box Gutter – a gutter with parallel sides, usually between
two opposing roof slopes.
Fire Wall
A wall that divides a building to resist the spread of fire. Gaps • Concealed Gutter (Secret Gutter) – a gutter formed at a valley
or against an abutment and concealed by the tiles and flashing.
between the top of the fire wall and the underside of the roofing
material are to be filled with a fire resistant material. • Eaves Gutter – a gutter fixed at the eaves.
• Valley Gutter – a gutter at the internal junction of two roof slopes
Flapping
A noise caused by wind passing over a tile roof making sarking flap High-Wind Area
against the underside of the batten and tile. Anti-flap pads can be Areas in which the basic design and wind velocity, modified for
used to overcome this problem. terrain and height in accordance with AS 1170.2, has a wind
classification N3/C1 or greater.
Flashing
A strip of impervious flexible metal, which excludes water from the Hip
junction between a roof covering and another surface usually vertical. The edge formed by the meeting of two pitched roof surfaces.
Gable or Gable End Hip Board

The triangular part of the end wall of a building with a sloping roof. The board, set on edge, at which the hip rafters meet.
Gable Roof Hip Capping (Ridging)

A roof where two sloping planes join creating a gable end at one or A shaped capping on hips to prevent water penetration.
both ends. Hip End
Gable Splayed The sloping triangular end of a hipped roof.
The gable that does not run parallel with the roof slope and runs at Hipped Roof
an angle from an extended ridge. A roof, which has four slopes instead of the two slopes of the
Gauge ordinary gabled roof. The shorter sides are roofed with small sloping
The distance between the roof tile battens. triangles, called the hipped (hip) ends, which are bounded by two
hips above (meeting at the ridge) and eave below. Normally the
Gauge Stick eaves area at the same level all round.
A stick made from straight battens approximately 1800mm long,
marked by saw cuts at the correct gauge or set out for the tiles Jack Rafter
being used. The rafters are shorter than the common rafters and cut against the
hip or valley rafters.
Glaze
A “frit” (glaze) fired onto the surface of terracotta roof tiles to Lap
provide various colours. The distance by which one course of tiles overlaps the course below.
Lifts
Roofing trade term for stacks of tiles around the roofs.
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Roof Tile Manual
Introduction
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» Introduction
Loading Purlin
The fixing, as specified by the tiling manufacturer, of sarking, A horizontal beam in a roof, at right angles to the principal rafters or
battens, tiles and accessories shall be sufficient for the completed trusses. It carries the common rafters if there are any.
roof to withstand the loading requirements of AS 1170.1, AS 1170.2 Rafter
and AS 4055.
A sloping timber extending from the eave to the ridge of a roof.
Mansard Roof
Rake
A roof structure with two pitches, one a steep pitch and one a low
The roofs angle of inclination from the horizontal.
pitch on each side of the ridge line. The steep pitch commences
at the eaves, and intersects with the lower pitch, which finishes Ridge
at the ridge. Tiles on the lower pitch overhang the steeper pitch The apex of a roof, usually a horizontal line.
by a slight margin. Ridge Board
Mitred Hips/Valleys The horizontal board set on edge, at which the rafters meet.
Cut tiles on hips or valleys forming a true and straight line where the Ridge Capping
cut tiles join on each slope. A covering over a ridge line either ”V” shaped or arched (rounded).
Mortar This is generally a specifically made tile used for both the ridge and
See “Bedding”. hips of a roof.
Mottle Roof
The phrase used to lay various coloured tiles at a consistent A covering to protect a building from the elements.
percentage throughout the roof. Roof Tile
Nogging A concrete or terracotta product used to form the field of the roof.
Short pieces of timber nailed between studs in a wall to stiffen Sarking
the structure. Reflective foil fixed under the tile battens and conforming
Parapet Wall to AS/NZS 4200-1-2.
Usually a brick or timber structure rising above the roof line. Saw Tooth
Picking Up The roof structure, which is vertical on one side with a slope from
The term used when the tiler is trowelling off any excess mortar the ridge line on the other.
that may overhang the ridge capping after bedding. Secret Gutter
Pitch A gutter usually fixed against a wall adjoining the roof slopes,
The ratio of the height to the span of a roof, or its angle of inclination concealed by the roof covering and vertical wall flashing, then
to the horizontal. spilling into an eaves gutter.
Pointing Scribe Board

A mixture of clean sand, cement and oxide colouring or a pre-mixed A type of barge board shaped to the same profile formed by the
flexible material used for the completion of joints between ridge or under surface of roof tiles, overhanging a gable end. The tiles,
hips and with roof tiles or tiles at gable ends. which overhang are pointed up on the interlocking joints.
Profile Skillion
The end elevation or cross section of the tile to indicate shape and Term for low pitched roof continuing from the main slope or running
design of the tile. off a wall.
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Introduction
>> Introduction
» Introduction
Skylight Top Plate
A glazed window or translucent roof section fitted parallel to the The horizontal timber above a wall on which the truss or rafter sits.
roof slope to admit light.
Tilting Batten
Sheathing Serves the same purpose as bellcast batten.
A close boarding or other material, nailed to the framework of wall Tile Clip
or roof. Sometimes referred to as sheeting.
Specially formed metal fastening used to secure tiles to supporting
Soaker members.
A concealed flashing under tiles, slates etc, or mitred hips and
Truss Roofs
parapet walls, shaped and fixed to discharge water on the tile or
slate of the course below. A self supporting structural timber frame work of triangular shaped
members. Usually prefabricated and delivered to job site. This type
Soffit
of construction is commonly used in all types of roofs.
The lining fixed under the eaves between the fascia board and
external wall. Upright Work
Tiling carried out on a roof pitched close to vertical, normally on a
Soffit Bearer
facade front, or a mansard roof.
Timbers used to support the soffit.
Valley
Spouting
The intersection between two sloping surfaces of a roof, towards
See ‘Gutter’.
which water flows, the opposite of a hip.
Staggered Bond
Valley Iron/Tray
The method of laying tiles whereby the vertical joint of every tiles is
A “V” shaped sheet lipped on each outside edge and formed to fit
laid to overlap with a half bond of the tiles in the course below.
into the angle of the valley structure.
Starter/Shell End
Valley Batten
The first hip cap at the lowest point of the hip line.
A tiling batten fixed parallel to each side of the valley board. It must
Straight Bond be fixed on all valleys when the roof is sarked.
Where tiles are not staggered, but are laid directly on top of the tile
Vent
in the course below, so the vertical joints form one straight line up
Any pipe or tube protruding through the roof covering, normally
the slope of the roof.
circular in shape.
Steel Battens
Verge
Steel battens shall be designed in accordance with AS 1538. They
The edge of a sloping roof, which overhangs a gable.
shall be manufactured of galvanised steel, of at least commercial
grade, with a corrosion-resistant coating of a minimum of 300g/m Weephole
of zinc. A small hole inserted in the ridge bedding and pointing mortar at
the water channel of the tile for draining purposes.
Stud
A vertical wall support. Z Flashing
Normally a galvanised strip with an internal lip fixed under the fibre
cement verge strip and run into the gutter line.
11
Design
Considerations
12
Design Considerations
Code Considerations BAL-40
The design of a roof requires the consideration of many building Normal fixing requirements for wind classification N4 and C2/C3,
codes and standards. plus an approved sarking* and anti-ponding boards.
The following sections and tables summarise the major design Note:
• Extreme winds can be generated during bushfires. Fixing
requirements applicable to roof tiles. These requirements are by no
requirements should be increased as a precaution against
means exclusive, as there may be any number of local regulative the higher winds.
requirements of covenants. Specifiers are advised to ensure they • LUTUM recommends the fixing requirements nominated in
have fully determined the local requirements. BAL-12.5 through to BAL-40 to allow for the greater winds
expected.
Standards • LUTUM recommends the installation of anti-ponding
boards in all instances where sarking is used to satisfy BAL
The following Australian Standards apply: requirements.
* Approved sarking shall be rated Low having a flammability index less than 5. Sarking to be located directly
• The Building Code of Australia Volume 2, Class 1 and 10 below the roof tile batten; cover the entire roof area including the top ridge; and be installed so that there are
Buildings no gaps, which would allow entry of embers where the sarking meets fascias, valleys and the like.
• AS 2049 (Roof Tiles)

BAL-FZ
• AS 2050 (Installation of Roof Tiles)
Buildings in the Fire Zone require specialised materials and
• AS 4200.2 (Pliable Building Membranes and Underlays Part 2, installation. Contact LUTUM for further information.
Installation Requirements)
• AS 1170.2 (Wind Loads) Wind Forces
• AS 4055 (Wind Loads for Domestic Housing) Wind forces must be considered when designing or specifying roof
structures and roofing materials. The forces involved may take the
• AS 3959 (Construction of Building in Bushfire-Prone Areas)
form of positive or negative pressure (suction).
• LUTUM Tiling Standards Guide.
Negative pressure
Bushfire Attack Levels (BAL) (suction) leeward side
BAL-LOW
Positive pressure
Normal fixing requirements for nominated wind classification. windward side
BAL-12.5
Normal fixing requirements for wind classification N1 and N2, plus
an approved sarking* and anti-ponding boards.
High Pressure Zone Medium Pressure Zone
BAL-19 Figure 2: Wind Forces on Roofs

Normal fixing requirements for wind classification N3, plus an The magnitude of these forces are affected by regional wind
approved sarking* and anti-ponding boards. velocities, exposure and building configuration.
BAL-29 The methods for determining these are set out in:
Normal fixing requirements for wind classification N4, plus an • AS 1170.2 (Wind Loads)
approved sarking* and anti-ponding boards. • AS 4055 (Wind Loads for Domestic Housing).

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Roof Tile Manual
>> Design Considerations

» Design Considerations
Terrain Categories Roughness Length (2°)m
The effect of local buildings, hills and vegetation is taken into

account by the code as local structures and terrain features will
0.002 Natural snow surface (flat)
dissipate the force of the wind.
The four defined terrain categories are assessed by the direction

and speed the wind flows towards a structure. Those quoted are
0.006 Desert (stones)
in accordance with AS 1170.2.
0.008
Cut grass (10mm)
Terrain Category 1, Z° = 0.002m
Exposed open terrain with few or no obstructions, in which the
Rough open water surfaces
0.02
average height of objects surrounding the structure is less than at windspeeds (Vu) and (Vp),
Isolated trees, uncut grass and airfields
1.5 metres. This category includes water surfaces (open sea coast
0.04
and lakes), flat and treeless plains, and open snow fields.
Crops
0.06
Terrain Category 2, Z° = 0.02m Few trees, long grass (600mm)
Open terrain, grassland with few well-scattered obstructions having
0.2
heights generally from 1.5 to 10.0 metres. This category includes
open parkland and sparsely built up outskirts of towns and suburbs.
Terrain Category 3, Z° = 0.2m 0.4 Level wooded country, Suburban buildings

Terrain with numerous closely spaced obstructions having the size
of domestic houses. This includes most suburban areas. Centres of small towns
0.8
Terrain Category 4, Z° = 2.0m
Terrain with numerous large, high (10.0 to 30.0 metres) and 1.0
High density metropolitan
close obstructions, such as large city centres and well-developed
industrial complexes. Forests
2.0
City buildings (10.0m to 30.0m)
Figure 3: Basic Wind Load Categories
14

Basic Wind Regions

Region C
Tropical Cyclones
McDonnel
Darwin Weipa Moreton
Adelaide
Insets from
smoothed coastline } 50 km
100km
River
Katherine Borroloola
Burketown
Cooktown
Derby Dunbar Cairns
Wyndham Region B
Region D Broome Ivanhoe Intermediate
Atherton Mareeba
Severe Tropical West Moreland
Townsville
Cyclones Charters Towers Bowen
Pt. Hedland
Collinsville Mackay
Croydon Marble Bar Emerald
20°
Onslow Millstream Alice Springs Rockhampton
Biloela
Mt Amy Region C Region B Monto Bundaberg
Tropical Cyclones Intermediate 25°

Carnarvon Maryborough
Gascoyne Junction
25° Callathard
Region A Brisbane
Toowoomba
Normal Casino
Grafton
Region B Mullewa Corindi
Glen Innes 30°
Intermediate Geraldton Morawa
Coffs Harbour
Green Gunyidi
30°
Head Perth Sydney
Adelaide
Canberra
Melbourne
Region A
Hobart
Normal
AS/NZS 1170.2 and AS 4055 provides information on wind speeds commonly affecting different areas throughout Australia.
Figure 4: Basic Wind Regions
Table 1: Basic Wind Speed for Ultimate Strength in Different Regions

Maximum Design Gust Wind Speed (m/s)
Wind Permissible Ultimate
Region Classification Stress (Vp) Serviceability (Vs) Limit State (Vu)
Non-Cyclonic Regions
A N1 28 26 34
A N2 33 26 40
B N3 41 32 50
C N4 50 39 61
Cyclonic Regions
B C1 41 32 50
C C2 50 39 61
D C3 60 47 74
15
Roof Tile Manual

Fixing Tile Roofs in Cyclonic Regions Maximum Rafter Lengths

Flexible pointing shall not be used as the sole mechanical fastening The minimum pitch recommended for a roof can be influenced by
material for ridge and hip caps in C2 and C3 wind areas. A suitable the water run off depth. Extremely long roof runs accumulate water
clip, screw or similar fastening device must be used. to a considerable depth at the bottom of the run, particularly at low
pitches, and under heavy rainfall conditions. LUTUM recommends
Minimum Roof Pitch that any roof with rafter lengths in excess of 4.5 metres
LUTUM roof tiles are designed and tested to suit all normal weather should be installed at a pitch greater than the minimum stated in
conditions. Table 2 indicates minimum roof pitches for LUTUM roof Table 2. As a general guide the specified pitch should increase
tiles. If there is any doubt regarding roof pitches please refer to your by 2° for every additional metre of rafter length.
local LUTUM Sales Office.
Maximum Rafter Lengths No Sarking
Table 2: Minimum Roof Pitch^ AS 2050 Installation of roof tiles, item 3.1.5 provides the
Minimum Pitch (deg) Minimum Pitch (deg) following information:
Profile Without Sarking With Sarking
Long rafter lengths may require sarking to prevent ingress of rain
Concrete NSW, VIC, QLD, ACT
water into the roof. These lengths may vary according to the tile
Macquarie 20 15
type, the pitch of the roof and the exposure. The manufacturer’s
Slimline 20 15
specifications should be consulted. The table below indicates
Contour* 20 15*
Vogue x 20
maximum rafter lengths, measured from the topmost point of the
Linea x 20 rafter downwards, below which sarking shall be installed over the
Striata x 20 remainder of the rafter.
Concrete SA
Capri 20 15 Table 3: Sarking Requirements Re Pitch/Rafter Length
Maximum Rafter Length (mm)
Vogue 20 18
Roof Pitch (deg) Without Sarking
Linea 20 18
18 < 20 4500
Striata 20 18
20 < 22 5500
Terracotta (Australia wide)
22 6000
French 20 15
Swiss x 22.5
Designer Ceramic (Australia wide)
Shingle 20 18
Artline 20 18
Wave 20 18
^ Maximum rafter length at the minimum pitch is 4.5 metres.

* In Victoria to be laid cross bonded on pitches of 20° and lower
x Not recommended
16

Sarking
LUTUM always recommends sarking. Sarking provides the ultimate
protection against the wet, the heat and the dust, but can only be
installed during house construction or a re-roof.
Sarking is mandatory under Australian Standards if:

• Your home is located in an area with a wind classification
greater than N3.
Figure 5: Thermal Loss
• Your home is located in a bushfire prone area.
• The roof pitch is less than or equal to 18 degrees unless
stated otherwise.
• Required due to maximum rafter length relative to pitch – refer
to Table 3 on page 16.
Certain roof tile profiles also require sarking. Refer to product
specification sheets on pages 24-42.
Insulation
Figure 6: Thermal Gain
The roof and ceiling work together using two types of insulation to
stop the transfer of different types of heat: radiant heat from the Ventilation
sun through the tiles; and convection heat through the ceiling.
Whirly birds work to reduce both heat and moisture in the roof
The number one defence against radiant heat is a non-flammable space and is equally important all year-round. Installing whirly birds
thin membrane called sarking, also known as reflective insulation on opposite sides of the roof space allows for cross-ventilation,
or reflective foil laminate (RFL). which is more beneficial than a single-sided whirly bird as it
Bulk insulation or ceiling batts combat the effects of convection facilitates greater air movement.
heating from the roof space. Remember while ceiling insulation is
easy to retro-fit if the roof space is accessible, sarking can only be
installed during construction or re-tiling.
17
Performance
Characteristics
18
Performance Characteristics
Thermal Performance Water Collection
Thermal mass, the ability of a material to retain heat, is an All LUTUM roof tiles are suitable for the safe collection of rain water.
important aspect in most Australian climates where there is a need
Concrete tiles; only non-toxic surface finishes that comply with the
to average out temperatures. High thermal mass materials such as
requirements outlined in the Australian Standard 2049 Roof Tiles
clay and concrete, when used correctly, can result in advantageous
are used.
heat transmission.
Terracotta tiles; once fired are inert bodies and no lead, cadmium
Another consideration to performance is the proportion of solar
or other heavy metals are used in the ceramic glazes.
energy the roof absorbs and reflects, due to the colour of the roof.
Refer to LUTUM’s Basix colour ratings on page 20. Note:
• Consideration is required regarding the types of flashing
Note: material used to weatherproof joints on the roof, especially in
Colours have limited impact on thermal performance when the collection of potable water from the roof.
elements such as sarking, insulation and ventilation are • Extra precautions such as first flush systems and filters
incorporated. should be considered to remove dust and debris from the
collected water.
Acoustic Performance • Guidelines on the safe collection and storage of rain water can
be found in “Guidelines on the collection care and control of
Typically, external noise penetrates a building through windows,
rainwater in tanks”.
doors, walls and to a lesser extent the roof. Generally the roof
• A method of assessing compliance is provided by BS6920.
would be the least important path of noise transmission though in
locations where there are busy roads, railways or aircraft noise the
roof becomes an element to be considered.
The density of tiles helps reduce typical external sounds, and has a
sound reduction potential twice that of sheet metal roofing.1
1. “Roof Acoustic Performance - Noise Attenuation”, Max Granger, Roof Tile Association of Australia, 2013.

19
>> Performance Considerations
Table 4: Tile Energy Efficiency Data

Solar Solar Solar Reflectance Building Code of
Tile Colour Emittance BASIX
Absorptance Reflectance Index (SRI) Australia (BCA)
DESIGNER CERAMIC RANGE
Pearl (Matt) 0.35 0.65 78.4 0.89 Light Light
Eclipse (Matt) 0.84 0.16 11.5 0.86 Dark Dark
Eclipse (Satin) 0.96 0.14 10 0.87 Dark Dark
Slate (Matt) 0.74 0.26 25.4 0.87 Dark Medium
Slate (Satin) 0.78 0.22 20.2 0.87 Dark Dark
Sydney Red (Matt) 0.63 0.37 40.3 0.87 Medium Medium
TERRACOTTA RANGE
Pearl (Matt) 0.35 0.65 78.4 0.89 Light Light
Eclipse (Gloss) 0.95 0.05 -1.6 0.87 Dark Dark
Eclipse (Matt) 0.84 0.16 11.5 0.86 Dark Dark
Federation (Gloss) 0.69 0.31 32.4 0.87 Dark Medium
Slate (Gloss) 0.87 0.13 8.1 0.87 Dark Dark
Slate (Matt) 0.76 0.24 22.4 0.87 Dark Dark
Sienna Red (Gloss) 0.78 0.22 20.2 0.87 Dark Dark
Sydney Red (Matt) 0.63 0.37 40.3 0.87 Medium Medium
CONCRETE RANGE
Ebony 0.96 0.05 0.2 0.92 Dark Dark
Charcoal (Colour
0.93 0.07 3.8 0.91 Dark Dark
Through)
Cotton 0.39 0.61 74.3 0.92 Light Light
Gunmetal 0.90 0.10 6.9 0.92 Dark Dark
Peat 0.88 0.12 10.3 0.92 Dark Dark
Quartz 0.59 0.42 47.7 0.91 Medium Medium
Shale 0.83 0.17 15.6 0.92 Dark Dark
Twilight 0.93 0.07 3.1 0.92 Dark Dark
Walnut 0.73 0.27 28.7 0.91 Dark Medium
20

» Performance Characteristics
Testing: Resistance to Salt Attack

AS 2049 – Roof Tiles The ability of roof tile units to resist salt attack shall be categorised
(see table below) by testing in accordance with AS 4046.7.
LUTUM conduct regular sampling and testing of both concrete and
terracotta tiles during production and prior to dispatch from our Table 5: Salt Attack Resistance Categories
various plants. Category Requirement/Description
The test criterions are set out below: <0.4 g loss in 40 cycles in AS 4046.7 for roof tiles
Exposure Grade (non-metallic)
Supplier’s experience, according to which it is possible
Dimensional Tolerances to demonstrate that the product has a history of surviving
under environmental conditions similar to those existing
A sample of 12 tiles shall be tested. The dimensional tolerances at the site considered. Products that fit this category
are not expected to meet the mass loss criterion
for roof tiles shall be determined in accordance with AS 4046.2. for “exposure” grade when tested in accordance
The mean of the individual results shall be as follows: General Purpose with AS 4046.7.
a. Exposed width: manufacturer’s nominated width ± 2%.

b. Length: manufacturer’s nominated length ±2%. Roof tiles tested in accordance with this Standard, categorised
as “exposure” grade shall be deemed suitable in all exposure
Permeability environments, including severe marine environment.
When tiles are tested in accordance with AS 4046.5, the permeability Note:
of each of the three test specimens shall be such that, at the end Severe marine environment; up to 100m from a non-surf coast
of 2 hours, no drop of water shall have formed on the underside and up to 1km from a surf coast are both regarded as severe
of any of the test specimens. marine environment. The distances specified are from the mean
high water mark.
Retests are permitted.
Testing:
Water Absorption AS 2050 - Installation of Roof Tiles
Water absorption; when roof tiles or accessories are tested in All LUTUM Roof tiles have been subjected to the “Dynamic weather
accordance with AS 4046.4, the percentage of water absorption resistance test”.
of any test pieces shall be no more than 10%.
Transverse Breaking Load

When tested in accordance with AS 4046.3, the average transverse
breaking load for the six test specimens shall be not less than
4N per millimetre of exposed width for all tiles. Additionally, the
transverse breaking load for each of the individual test specimens
shall be not less than 3.325N per millimetre of exposed width
for all tiles.
Retests are permitted.
21
Roof Tile Manual

» Performance Characteristics
Fire Resistance
All LUTUM roof tiles are noncombustible.
Australian Standard AS 3959-2009: Construction of buildings

in bushfire-prone areas specifies the requirements for the
construction of buildings in bushfire-prone areas in order to improve
their resistance to bushfire attack from burning embers, radiant
heat, flame contact and combinations of the three attack forms.
One of the main objectives of the Standard is to increase the
chances of a building surviving while a fire front passes.
Building sites assessed under AS 3959-2009 as BAL-FZ are those

sites considered to be most at risk of bushfire attack. In this zone,
there is an extremely high risk of ember attack and burning debris
ignited by windborne embers, and a likelihood of exposure to an
extreme level of radiant heat and direct exposure to flames.
LUTUM Roof tiles when used in conjunction with sarking (sarking to

be rated Low and cover the entire roof) form an acceptable method
of roof covering where construction in accordance with AS 3959
Construction of buildings in bushfire-prone areas is required.
For more information refer to the Roofing Tile Association of

Australia. “Building With Tiled Roofs in Bushfire Prone Areas”.
Note:
Extreme winds can be generated during bushfires. Fixing
requirements should be increased as a precaution against the
higher wind classification.
Due to external factors, ie vegetation management, the
unpredictable nature and behaviour of fire, and extreme weather
conditions; it should be borne in mind that LUTUM cannot
guarantee that a building will survive a bushfire event.
22
Terracotta
Roof Tiles
23
Terracotta Roof Tiles

Shaped Terracotta Roof Tiles
French™
The French Terracotta roof tiles unique two valley shape gives the roof line a look of texture and flow. It will give your home a look of
refinement and classical style and is ideal for both rural and city living.
French Terracotta roof tiles interlock at the head and side lap and are laid in a cross bond pattern. To ensure maximum weather proofing the
nail hole for tile fixing has been designed in the batten lug on the underside of the tile and is unique to LUTUM.
For further fixing details refer to Roof Installation Section.
Product Specification
French™
Coverage No of tiles per sq m 12.3 (mean)
Dimensions (Nominal) Actual length: 423mm
Actual width: 265mm
Exposed length: 350mm (mean)
Exposed width: 236mm
Mass (Nominal) Mass per tile: 3.1kg
Mass per sq m: 37.2kg
Minimum Roof Pitch 15° with sarking and 20° without sarking
Set Out (Nominal) Batten spacing: 337mm min – 362mm max
It is good tiling practice to check the gauge of all kiln fired clay roof tiles at the site.
First Course Batten spacing: 310mm on 38mm x 38mm battens
Recommended Bond Cross Bond
Availability National
Cross section
Plan view
French™

24
Roof Tile Manual
>> Terracotta Roof Tiles

Shaped Terracotta Roof Tiles
Swiss™
Based on a bold European design, the Swiss Terracotta roof tile is ideal for modern and Mediterranean style homes, and is as durable as
it is stylish.
Swiss terracotta roof tiles interlock at the head and side lap and are laid in a straight bond pattern. To ensure maximum weather proofing
the nail hole for tile fixing has been designed in the batten lug on the underside of the tile and is unique to LUTUM.
For further fixing details refer to Roof Installation Section.
Swiss™
Coverage No of tiles per sq m 13.2
Actual width: 260mm
Exposed length: 355mm
Minimum Roof Pitch 22.5° with sarking
Set Out (Nominal) Batten spacing: 355mm
Recommended Bond Straight Bond
Cross section
Plan view
Swiss™
25
Designer
Ceramic
Roof Tiles
26

Artline®
The designer range is elegant and shaped for design flexibility. Uniquely striking, with colour integrity and low maintenance.
These state-of-the-art tiles offer an exclusive streamlined look, with minimalist textures that compliment a modern home.
Artline®
Actual width: 264mm
Cross section
Plan view
Artline®

27
Roof Tile Manual
>> Designer Ceramic Roof Tiles

Shingle™
Shingle™
Actual width: 264mm
Cross section
Plan view
Shingle™
28
>> Designer Ceramic Roof Tiles

Wave™
Wave™
Actual width: 264mm
Cross section
Plan view
Wave™
29
Concrete
Roof Tiles
30
Concrete Roof Tiles
Concrete Roof Tiles

Shaped Concrete Roof Tiles
Capri™ SA
The Capri roof tiles low, round shape make it an ideal choice for a wide range of classic, colonial and conventional home designs.
Capri™ SA
Actual width: 315mm
Set Out (Nominal) Batten spacing: 342mm max
First Course Batten spacing: 315mm (using a 38mm wide batten)
Head Lap Minimum head lap shall be 90mm. This may increase according to set out.
However, head lap should not exceed 100mm.
Availability SA
Cross section
Plan view
Capri™ SA

31
Roof Tile Manual
Concrete Roof Tiles
>> Concrete Roof Tiles

Contour ™ NSW, VIC, QLD, ACT
The subtle shaped profile of Contour, with its soft undulating curves, combines enduring design with the distinctive quality of individual tiles.
Contour ™ NSW, VIC, QLD, ACT
Actual width: 345mm
Minimum Roof Pitch 15° with sarking and 20° without sarking (in VIC to be laid cross bonded on pitches of 20°)
Recommended Bond Cross Bond, Straight Bond (Cross Bond recommended at roof pitch less than 20º).
Availability NSW, ACT & VIC
Cross section
Plan view
Contour ™ NSW, ACT & VIC
32
Concrete Roof Tiles

Flat Concrete Roof Tiles
Linea™ NSW, ACT & QLD
The Linea tile is a cost effective alternative to the traditional slate shingle, which gives a distinct, clean sweeping look to any house design.
Made of durable concrete, each tile is a rugged performer against heat, wind and rain. Linea roof tiles are colour-through, which means the
colour goes throughout the body of the tile, not just the surface.
Actual width: 345mm
Minimum Roof Pitch 20° with sarking
Recommended Bond Quarter Bond
Availability NSW, ACT & QLD
Cross section
Plan view
33
Roof Tile Manual
Concrete Roof Tiles

Linea™ SA
Linea™ SA
Actual width: 315mm
Minimum Roof Pitch 18° with sarking; 20° without sarking
Availability SA
Cross section
Plan view
Linea™ SA
34
Concrete Roof Tiles

Linea™ VIC
Linea™ VIC
Actual width: 345mm
Recommended Bond Quarter Bond
Availability VIC
Cross section
Plan view
Linea™ VIC
35
Roof Tile Manual
Concrete Roof Tiles

Macquarie™ NSW, ACT, QLD & VIC
The Macquarie features a low, double curve profile designed to match the character and style of Australian homes. Beautiful, strong and
durable, Macquarie is one of our most popular tiles.
Actual width: 343mm
Recommended Bond Straight Bond / Cross Bond
Availability NSW, ACT, QLD & VIC
Cross section
Plan view
36
Concrete Roof Tiles

Slimline™ NSW, ACT, QLD & VIC
Innovative. Bold. Modern. The Slimline’s unique design is right at home on Australia’s most progressive structures.
Actual width: 336mm
Recommended Bond Straight Bond / Cross Bond
Availability NSW, ACT, QLD and VIC
Cross section
Plan view
37
Roof Tile Manual
Concrete Roof Tiles

Striata™ SA
Striata’s clean, simple design, together with a unique striated surface, makes it a popular choice.
Striata™ SA
Actual width: 315mm
Availability SA
Cross section
Plan view
Striata™ SA
38
Concrete Roof Tiles

Striata™ VIC
Striata’s clean, simple design, together with a unique striated surface, makes it a popular choice.
The Striata is available with colour-through and with colour-on.
Striata™ VIC
Actual width: 345mm
Availability VIC
Cross section
Plan view
Striata™ VIC
39
Roof Tile Manual
Concrete Roof Tiles

Vogue™ NSW, ACT & QLD
Fashionably flat, Vogue strikes at the heart of contemporary style. With alluring clean lines and modern colours, it’s a new level
of curb-side attraction.
Actual width: 345mm
Availability NSW, ACT & QLD
Cross section
Plan view
40
Concrete Roof Tiles

Vogue™ SA
Vogue™ SA
Actual width: 315mm
Availability SA
Cross section
Plan view
Vogue™ SA
41
Roof Tile Manual
Concrete Roof Tiles

Vogue™ VIC
Vogue™ VIC
Actual width: 345mm
Availability VIC
Cross section
Plan view
Vogue™ VIC
42
Accessories
43
Accessories
Terracotta Accessories
Terracotta Accessories
Ridge and Hip Tiles
Vee Ridge (130°) Steep Pitch Vee Ridge (81°)

Dimensions: 435L x 265W x 88D For roofs over 45° in pitch
Cover length: 400 Dimensions: 430L x 265W x 185D
Cover length: 400
Ridge and Hip Accessories
Vee Ridge Shell End (130°)

Dimensions: 435L x 265W x 70D
Cover length: 420
Apex Tiles
Vee Ridge Three Way Apex (130°) Vee Ridge Four Way Apex (130°)
Dimensions: 265W x 85D Dimensions: 365W x 85D
All dimensions are in millimetres.
44
Roof Tile Manual
Accessories
>> Terracotta Accessories

» Terracotta Accessories
Apex Tiles
Spoon Apex
Spoon Apex Apex Hat (130°)

For closing multiple junctions Diameter: 450
Height: 100
Barge Tiles
Universal Tapered Barge Capping Steep Pitch Vee Ridge (81°)

Dimensions: 430L x 140D For roofs over 45° in pitch
Cover length: 1 length per tile Dimensions: 430L x 265W x 185D
Cover length: 400
Crests and Finials
Ridge Crest (130°) Gable Finial (130°) Three Way Apex Finial (130°)
Dimensions: 150L x 245W x 130D Dimensions: 430L x 250W x 265D Dimensions: 430L x 440W x 300D
Cover length: 400
45
Accessories
Designer Ceramic Accessories

Designer Ceramic Accessories
Ridge and Hip Tile
Accent Ridge (130°)

Cover length: 415
Ridge and Hip Accessory
Accent Shell End (130°)

Cover Length: 420
46
Roof Tile Manual
Accessories
Concrete Accessories
Concrete Accessories
Ridge and Hip Tiles Barge Tiles
Standard Ridge (130°) Barge Capping (76°)

Dimensions: 430L x 250W x 85D Gable end cover tile
Cover length: 400 Dimensions: 430L x 220W x 140D
Cover length: 1 length per tile
Apex tiles
Ridge Apex
Three Way Apex (130°) Four Way Apex (130°)

Dimensions: 430L x 440W x 85D Dimensions: 370W x 140D
47
Accessories
General Accessories
General Accessories
Roof Tile Clips
Nail in Side Lap Clip (FCTNSCSI) Nail in Side Lap Clip (FCCNSCP) Nail in Side Lap Clip (FTCCNSCFL) Spring Wire Side Lap Clip
Suit Swiss Terracotta roof tiles. Suit Macquarie, Slimline, French Suit Vogue, Linea and Clip-on head clip, for hardwood
and Shingle roof tiles. Striata roof tiles. and softwood battens.
Available to suit various profiles
and batten sizes.
LUTUM clips are available for LUTUM concrete and terracotta roof tiles. Manufactured from corrosion resistant galvanised steel. LUTUM
roof tile clips are suitable for both timber and metal battens.
General Accessories
Galvanised Hip End Tray

Adjustable to any pitch supports the
Shell End and cut tiles at hip ends.
LUTUM also maintains stocks of:

Battens, Sarking, Anti-ponding
board and accessories.
48
Installation
Details
49
Installation Details
Preparation for Installation Tile Set Out
LUTUM roof tiles are designed to be consistent in dimension and
General set out, the design allowing some tolerance in set out to assist the
The specifier should ensure that the roof structure complies with roof tiler. It is recommended however, that designers should ensure
all relevant local and state statutory requirements and standards that the rafter lengths be designed in order to avoid the cutting of
where applicable. Particular attention must be paid to the structure roof tiles at the ridge line, eaves and gables. See diagram below.
to ensure that it is square and straight and properly braced.
This stage of the construction is critically important where roof Tile Set Out (Terracotta and Concrete)
tiles are used as the slightest deviation from a plain surface will be Tile set out should be to specifications provided by LUTUM for
noticeable on a finished roof and cannot be corrected by the tiler. each tile profile. Please contact your state LUTUM Sales Office for
details.
Inspection of product for transportation damage should be done
upon receipt. If there is any visible damage, a claim should be filed See Tile Set Out diagram below for set out measurement points.
promptly against the carrier.
Examine each pallet for colour, profile and damage. Check accessory
items for proper colour, profile and damage. If there is damage to
the tile or quantities delivered are not correct, please notify LUTUM
or your local distributor immediately.
Suitable areas of the building sites should be made available and

access should preferably be provided to all sides of the roof from
these stacking locations in order to ensure the most efficient roof
loading procedures.
ngth
cover le
of tile
ultiple
ra bly m
Prefe
acing
batt en sp
th or
r leng
First course Cove
set out
Figure 7: Tile Set Out
50
Roof Tile Manual
>> Installation Details

» Installation Details
How to apply LUTUM Batten Gauge Ready Reckoner

(a) Concrete tiles
1. First set out nail to be fixed from front edge of fascia.
Table 6: Concrete Tile Batten Gauge
(i) when using 38 x 38mm battens = 315mm
Batten Gauge (mm)
(ii) when using 38 x 50mm battens = 303mm
330 335 340 345 350 355 357
(iii) when using Top Span 20 battens = 328mm Tile
Courses 100 lap 75 lap
Top set out nail to be fixed down from centre of ridge
First 315 315 315 315 315 315 315
board or truss.
2 645 650 655 660 665 670 672
(i) when using 38 x 25mm battens = 50mm
3 975 985 995 1005 1015 1025 1029
(ii) when using 38 x 38mm battens = 50mm
4 1305 1320 1335 1350 1365 1380 1386
(iii) when using 50 x 25mm battens = 62mm
5 1635 1655 1675 1695 1715 1735 1743
(iv) when using Top Span 20 battens = 35mm
6 1965 1990 2015 2040 2065 2090 2100
2. Measure distance between bottom and top setout nails.
7 2295 2325 2355 2385 2415 2445 2457
3. Look up this measurement on Ready Reckoner or find batten 8 2625 2660 2695 2730 2765 2800 2814
gauge. Eg Rafter length of 4.550 then batten gauge is 0.350 9 2955 2995 3035 3075 3115 3155 3171
and number of adjustable courses is 13. 10 3285 3330 3375 3420 3465 3510 3528
11 3615 3665 3715 3765 3815 3865 3885
12 3945 4000 4055 4110 4165 4220 4242
13 4275 4335 4395 4455 4515 4575 4599
14 4605 4670 4735 4800 4865 4930 4956
15 4935 5005 5075 5145 5215 5285 5313
16 5265 5340 5415 5490 5565 5640 5670
17 5595 5675 5755 5835 5915 5995 6027
18 5925 6010 6095 6180 6265 6350 6384
19 6255 6345 6435 6525 6615 6705 6741
20 6585 6680 6775 6870 6965 7060 7098
21 6915 7015 7115 7215 7315 7415 7455
22 7245 7350 7455 7560 7665 7750 7812
23 7575 7685 7795 7905 8015 8085 8169
24 7905 8020 8135 8250 8365 8420 8526
25 8235 8355 8475 8595 8715 8775 8883
Sarking as required AS 2050 Installation of Roof Tiles.
51

LUTUM, Batten Gauge Ready Reckoner

(b) Terracotta Tiles
Table 7: Terracotta Tile Batten Gauge / Rafter Length (mm)

Shingle Profile Swiss Profile French Profile
Batten Gauge (mm)
Courses 308 355 Min 337 342 347 352 357 Max 362
First 308 295 310 310 310 310 310 310
2 616 650 647 652 657 662 667 672
3 924 1005 984 994 1004 1014 1024 1034
4 1232 1360 1321 1336 1351 1366 1381 1396
5 1540 1715 1658 1678 1698 1718 1738 1758
6 1848 2070 1995 2020 2045 2070 2095 2120
7 2156 2425 2332 2362 2392 2422 2452 2482
8 2464 2780 2669 2704 2739 2774 2809 2844
9 2772 3135 3006 3046 3086 3126 3166 3206
10 3080 3490 3343 3388 3433 3478 3523 3568
11 3388 3845 3680 3730 3780 3830 3880 3930
12 3696 4200 4017 4072 4127 4182 4237 4292
13 4004 4555 4354 4414 4474 4534 4594 4654
14 4312 4910 4691 4756 4821 4886 4951 5016
15 4620 5265 5028 5098 5168 5238 5308 5378
16 4928 5620 5365 5440 5515 5590 5665 5740
17 5236 5975 5702 5782 5862 5942 6022 6102
18 5544 6330 6039 6124 6209 6294 6379 6464
19 5852 6685 6376 6466 6556 6646 6736 6826
20 6160 7040 6713 6808 6903 6998 7093 7188
21 6468 7395 7050 7150 7250 7350 7450 7550
22 6776 7750 7387 7492 7597 7702 7807 7912
23 7084 8105 7724 7834 7944 8054 8164 8274
24 7392 8460 8061 8176 8291 8406 8521 8636
25 7700 8815 8398 8518 8638 8758 8878 8998
Sarking as required AS 2050 Installation of Roof Tiles.
52
Roof Tile Manual

Counter Battens
Counter Battens are needed when the design calls for lining on top of the rafters such as raked ceilings or exposed rafters. In these
circumstances a counter batten is fastened to the rafter through the ceiling lining (sarking must be used with raked or close boarded
ceiling),
AS NZS 4200-2.
Roof tiles
Sarking (shown dashed)
Roof batten
Counter batten
Anti-ponding board
Ceiling lining
Exposed rafter
Note: Sarking shall be draped across the

Fascia board rafters or trusses and fixed under battens
with a sag sufficient to facilitate drainage,
Eave framing as required but not more than the depth of the
supporting battens and in no case to
exceed 40mm
Figure 8: Counter Batten Detail

Roof batten
Roof tiles
Ceiling lining Counter batten
Sarking Rafter
Figure 9: Counter Batten Detail
53

Recommended Batten Sizes and Types Valleys

Batten sizes and types vary by region throughout Australia, depending Valley boards and irons should be installed with enough depth in
on local practice, rafter spacing, timber availability etc. The following the valley iron so that it finishes level with the top of the roof batten
table summarises suitable batten types and current practices. It is when this is later installed.
recommended that local authorities be consulted before final
Valley boards should be at least 19mm thick and should be laid over
specification of battens and requirements may vary. Battens that are
the ends of the rafters where they join to valley rafters.
warped, twisted, of uneven dimension, or excessively knotty, should
not be used. Where steel battens are to be used, refer to the batten Where there is a change in direction of a valley, great care should
suppliers technical information. be taken to ensure that valley boards and valley irons form a
continuous water path to the eaves and that the lip of the valley
Table 8: Batten Sizes and Rafter Spacings (mm) should at all points, reach the height of the roofing battens.
Rafter Spacing
Valley iron/tray
450mm 450mm 600mm 600mm 900mm 900mm
States S/wood H/wood S/wood H/wood S/wood H/wood
NSW 38 x 28 38 x 25 38 x 38 38 x 25 63 x 38 50 x 38
ACT 38 x 28 38 x 25 38 x 38 38 x 25 63 x 38 50 x 38
50 x 25 50 x 25
VIC 50 x 25 38 x 38 50 x 25 50 x 38
SA 21mm steel battons up to 600mm rafter spacings only
TAS 50 x 25 50 x 25 50 x 38 Valley boards
Figure 10: Standard Valley Detail
Batten Installation Fascia Height

Battens should be aligned within a tolerance of ± 2mm in 4m. The “bellcast” or “tilt” is the additional height required on the fascia
Joints in battens must be cut over the centre of the rafter or top or bellcast/tilt batten (fascia batten) in order to bring the nose of the
chord and nailed. Batten joints should be staggered over the roof so gutter course of tiles up to the correct height to enable the first tile
that no two consecutive battens are joined on the same rafter. course to sit on the same plane as the remainder of the roof.
Battens are to be nailed at each rafter intersection. The nails are to

penetrate the rafter to a depth of at least 10 times the diameter of
Line of top of batten
the specified nail. (See appendix C Australian Standard 2050 for
Acceptable nail sizes.)
Bellcast
At valleys or hips, battens should be cut and nailed into the valley height
or hip boards in a manner, which provides a firm support for the

Batten
weight of the laid tiles. thickness
Bellcast height = Batten thickness + 25mm
Figure 11: Fascia Height
54
Roof Tile Manual

Barge Height Laying the Roof

The barge boards, where fitted, should be aligned to the level of the
Laying and Securing
top of the roof battens.
Tiles should be laid and secured in accordance with AS 2050
Tile batten trimmed to Installation of roof tiles. All courses should be aligned horizontally
top of barge board
and vertically. Secure tiles and ancillaries as per tables below.
Table 9: Minimum Mechanical Installation

Requirements for Tiles and Ancillaries - Non-Cyclonic
Rafter Tile Fixing
Wind Ridge, Hip
Classification Edge of Roof Field of Roof and Barge Tiles
Barge board N1 and N2 Mechanically fasten each full tile in Mechanically
second course and then every second fasten each tile
Figure 12: Barge Height tile in every course or every tile in
each alternative course
N3 Mechanically Mechanically Mechanically
Anti-Ponding Boards fasten each full fasten each fasten each tile
tole in second second full tile in
Where sarking is used anti-ponding boards should be installed course every course
at any point where the sarking might dish to a negative pitch. N4 Mechanically Mechanically Mechanically
fasten every fasten every fasten each tile
Anti-ponding boards are mandatory in the following situations: full tile full tile
Notes:
a. On sarked roofs with pitches less than 20°. 1 Laboratory testing has shown that only a minor deflection of truly adherent mortar will result in breakage
of either ridge tile, or both, upon deflection of the roof. In most instances of mortar bedding and pointing,
b. On all roof pitches where sarking is used and there a truly long-term adherent bond does not exist. Experience has shown that, in practice, roofs deflect and
mortar does inevitably break. Therefore, mortar bonding should not be used as a minimum mechanical
is no eaves overhang. installation.
2 For pitches over 35°, extra precautions shall be taken. Refer to tile manufacturer for technical
recommendations.
Sarking (shown dashed)
Truss top cord

Table 10: Minimum Mechanical Installation
Anti-ponding board Requirements for Tiles and Ancillaries - Cyclonic
Tile Fixing
Wind Ridge, Hip
Classification Edge of Roof Field of Roof and Barge Tiles
C1 and C3 Mechanically Mechanically Mechanically
fasten every fasten each fasten every tile
full tile second full tile in
every course
C1 and C3 Mechanically fasten every full tile Mechanically
fasten every tile
Notes:
1 Laboratory testing has shown that only a minor deflection of truly adherent mortar will result in a
breakage of either ridge or tile, or both, upon deflection of the roof. In most instances of mortar bedding
Fascia board and pointing, a truly long-term adherent bond does not exist. Experience has shown that, in practice,
roofs deflect and mortar does inevitably break. Therefore, mortar bonding should not be used as a
Eave framing as required minimum mechanical installation.
2 For pitches over 35°, extra precautions shall be taken. Refer to tile manufacturer for technical
recommendations.
3 For values greater than C3, refer to manufactures’s recommendations.
4. Flexible pointing shall not be used as the sole mechanical fastening material for ridge and hip caps in C2
and C3 wind areas. A suitable clip, screw or similar fastening device must be used.
Figure 13: Anti-Ponding Boards at Eaves
55

First Course
The first course of tiles should be positioned to provide an adequate
projection over the fascia and into the gutter.
Every hip ridge tile
Field of roof
Every ridge tile
Edge of roof
Figure 16: Nail in Side Lap Clip (FCTCNSCFL)

Suits Vogue, Linea and Striata Tiles
Figure 14: Plan of a Typical L-shaped Hip and Gable Roof
Roof Tile Fixing Systems

The design of the LUTUM roof tile allows various fixing methods
to be used. Common practice is to nail fix or clip tiles.
LUTUM recommends that where clip fixing is required,

the clips will be fixed at the SIDE LAP.
Extra precautions may be required to combat wind loads

or corrosion of the fastenings.
Contact LUTUM for technical recommendations.

Figure 17: Nail in Side Lap Clip (FCCNSCP)
Suits Macquarie, Slimline, French and Shingle Tiles
Batten
Figure 15: Nail Hole Position French, Swiss and Shingle
Figure 18: Nail in Side Lap Clip (FCTNSCS) Suits Swiss Tile
56
Roof Tile Manual

Sarking Locations, which may require special consideration include all

coastal areas, installations on high ground and high rise buildings
Sarking has two primary purposes, the provision of a reflective foil
where design criteria for wind classification is greater than N2.
finish minimises heat transmission into the roof space and as a water
resistant membrane sarking provides a secondary barrier to water
entry, particularly at lower roof pitches and where high wind can cause Table 11: Duty Classification
a drift or spray of moisture to pass into the roof space. Sarking is and Allowable Use in Australia
mandatory where the wind classification is greater than N3. Use Extra Heavy Heavy Medium
600mm spans Allowable Allowable Allowable
There are also a number of circumstances, which dictate the use Must be
supported below
of sarking as a protective measure against damage irrespective if the wind
classification
of roof pitch. exceeds N3.
• Where local regulatory authorities require the use of sarking >600mm Allowable Allowable, if Allowable, if
or where extreme weather conditions are probable ie cliff tops, 900mm spans supported below. supported below.
open exposed site or bushfire prone areas. >900mm Allowable, if Allowable, if Allowable, if
spans supported below. supported below. supported below.
• Where overhanging trees leave the possibility of the occasional
branch breaking, resulting in broken tiles. Sarking is mandatory when the wind classification is greater than N3.
• Immediately underneath and extending to the gutter around
solar hot water collectors. Eaves
• Where water run off from a high level valley discharges onto Sarking material should be carried over fascia board a minimum
tiled roofs, sarking can be used to conduct any penetrated of 25mm to give drip into gutter. At this point, material should
water away. When sarking is used in this manner it shall be be supported to prevent ponding. An approved anti-ponding board
a minimum width of 1800mm either side from the point of is mandatory at pitches less than 20° or where roof are sarked
discharge and extend down to the eaves gutter. with no eaves overhang regardless of pitch.
• Where sarking is used as a condensation barrier.
• At any change of roof pitch and extending from there to the Valleys
eaves gutter. At valley gutters the sarking membrane should finish at the valley
• Where radiant heat is a problem. iron and be fixed by a valley batten, if carried into valley iron then
• Where rafter length exceeds 4.5 metres (see table 3). material should project a maximum of 20mm. If sarking projects
• Where the roof pitch exceeds 45°. too far into valley, the roof will almost certainly leak.
• To avoid constant flexing and increase the life of the sarking,
anti-flap pads are recommended. Laps and Joins
The sarking membrane should be lapped 150mm at horizontal
The typical roofing details indicating the joints and across both rafters at vertical joints.
acceptable methods of use for sarking:
Where roof pitch exceeds 45° the whole roof shall be sarked,
(not required in Victoria). Where a valley discharges water onto a
lower roof, such roof may require sarking from lower end of the
valley to the fascia, with a minimum of 1.8 metre width from the
side of the valley. Not withstanding the above provisions, where
local site conditions are believed to involve greater than average
normal exposure to wind driven rains, it may be necessary to
increase roof pitch and/or tile lap and/or fixing requirements and/or
sarking, which may exceed the normal tabulated requirements.
57

Sarking (shown dashed) Ridge Systems

Truss top cord LUTUM manufacture and supply various types of ridge capping.
Anti-ponding board Concrete and terracotta vee ridge is available as standard (130°)
or steep angle (81°) inclined angle.
All LUTUM ridge caps may be positively fixed (mechanically

fastened) if required.
Ridge Installation
(General) after the roof tiles have been laid and the hip tiles cut
in, install the ridge capping. Requirements of Australian Standard
Fascia board 2050 Installation of roof tiles provides the following information:
Eave framing as required • All ridge, hip and barge tiles are to be mechanically fastened.
• The cutting of tiles at ridges and hips shall extend under
the capping by a sufficient distance to be weatherproof.
• All cut tiles will be supported to ensure they are in the
Figure 19: Standard Sarking Detail
same plane as adjacent tiling.
Valley iron
• All capping will be laid/set to achieve a straight and regular
line of ridge capping.
LUTUM roof tile specifications:
• All junctions of hips and ridges should be made weatherproof,
either by a purpose made fitting or by close joining with
an under soaker or over flashing. Three way, four way and
spoon apexes are available for joining hip and ridge sections.
Sarking
• Lapping of ridge tiles should be directed away from the
prevailing winds.
Valley boards
• The front tip of the hip starter is to be set 50mm into the gutter
Figure 20: Valley Sarking Detail in line with the eaves course of tiles.
• Cut tiles at hips should be supported by galvanised nails spiked
to the hip boards where necessary.
• Weep holes are to be pushed through the mortar bed at top
ridges on all concrete tiles or cut terracotta tiles. Weep holes
to be placed one per tile pan.
• Cut tiles at hips are to be aligned with adjacent tiling.
58
Roof Tile Manual

Pointing Bedding Pointing Bedding
Figure 21: Vee Ridge (130°) Typical Detail Figure 22: Arched Ridge Typical Detail (Terracotta only)
(Concrete and Designer/Ceramic Terracotta)
Flashing
Figure 23: Vee Ridge (81°) Typical Detail

(Concrete and Terracotta Designer/Ceramic) Figure 24: Butt Ridge System (Cross Section) (Concrete)
59

Flashing
Figure 25: Streamline Ridge Typical Detail (Concrete) Figure 26: Accent Ridge Typical Detail (Designer Ceramic)
Ridge Ridge
Tile Tile
Figure 27: Classic Ridge Design Elevation (Terracotta) Figure 28: Classic Ridge Design Elevation (Concrete)
Ridge
Tile
Figure 29: Classic Ridge Design Elevation (Concrete/Designer Ceramic)
60
Roof Tile Manual

Hip Details Valley Boards

The following are suggested details suitable for hips. These details Valley boards should be a minimum of 19mm thick, be below the
are by no means exhaustive. Recommendations of experienced top of the tile batten and extend the full width of the valley.
tilers may offer a further source of details. Shape starter tile to foot
of all hips. Cut LUTUM roof tiles closely to the rake of the hip to Tile Valley iron/tray
(min width 450mm)
leave a maximum gap of 20mm between hip cuts. Fix apex tiles to
all junctions of hips and ridges. 100mm
Starter tiles on hips must project into gutter in line with the eaves
course tiles.
Valley batten
Valley board Rafter
Ridge tile Valley rafter

Figure 31: Valley Junction Detail
Sarking at Valleys
Where sarking is used, it should overlap the valley by no more than
20mm and be held in place by a valley batten fixed parallel to the
Shell end
starter
valley board.
Batten by Tiler
(Concrete and Terracotta)
Figure 30: Standard Hip Detail
Sarking
by Tiler
Anti Ponding Board Fascia cut by Valley Batten by

under Sarking Carpenter so Tiler splay cut
that Valley form as shown for
will continue sarked roofs
straight into
Gutter
Figure 32: Sarking at Valleys
61

Valley General Barge/Gable Systems

Under normal conditions a gap of 100mm between tiles There are a number of ways of setting a barge/gable end.
is acceptable. These include; a) bed and point, b) barge tiles and c) secret
gutter, and can be applied according to local requirements
In high rainfall areas the valley tiles can be bedded and pointed
and exposure conditions.
or sealed with a sealant strip and the gap between the cut tiles
may be increased up to 180mm. Good tiling practice in States and Territories have developed various
methods of installation of these systems. The information provided
Valley irons/trays should be treated with corrosion inhibiting
in the following text may not be common practice in your State
materials prior to bedding and pointing.
or Territory. Please contact your state LUTUM Sales Office for
technical details.
Tile Valley iron/tray
Bed and Point

• Place bedding strip of 5mm fibre cement 100mm wide over
the metal Z flashing, which sits on top of the barge board and
bed roof tile to it. The projection over the barge board shall be
a minimum of 10mm and a maximum of 25mm. Point neatly
without visible trowel marks.
Valley batten
• With a bed and point finish the projections at gable ends
Valley board Sealant strip
should be left to the tilers discretion, thus ensuring the finishing
Valley rafter off with a full tile at all left hand gables whenever practicable.
Figure 33: Valley for High Rainfall Areas The exposed side water channel to all left hand gables should
be removed. Where the overhang is of sufficient width it is
advisable for the carpenter to fix a quad moulding under the
fibrous cement undercloak prior to bedding and pointing.
• All verge tiles shall be mechanically fixed.
• The barge board must be kept flush with the top of the batten.
This is to allow the fibro strip to be let into the batten to sit
level with the top of the batten and barge board.
Bedding
Pointing
Bedding strip
Metal flashing
Figure 34: Bed and Point Barge Detail
62
Roof Tile Manual

Barge Roll/Cap Secret Gutter Finish

Universal barge roll/caps are laid over the gable end and screw The top of the barge must be 75mm above the top of the battens.
fixed to the barge boards. The top of the barge board should
be flush with the top of the tiling batten. The barge roll/caps are Metal capping
to be screw fixed according to local specifications. In some cases Metal secret gutter
LUTUM Concrete Barge Roll/Caps may be fixed without Tile batten

bedding and pointing. Barge board
Bedding
Finishing Starting
side Pointing side
Figure 37: Barge/Gable Details
Rafter
Timber barge board
Figure 35: Bed and Point Barge Detail
Bedding
Finishing Starting
side Pointing side
Brickwork
Figure 36: Tapered Barge Roll/Cap Detail (Fixed to brickwork)
63

Weatherboards
Roof and Flashing Details Apron flashing
Roof details should take into consideration special flashings required Refer figure below
at parapet walls, chimneys and other details. As a general rule
flashings should overlap the upstand of at least one tile or provide
alternative water run-off details such as secret or soaker gutters.
Generally lead flashings are used and these should be at least
20kg per sq m. Where roofs are sarked, consideration should be
Turn up minimum
taken of the ponding of water in the sarking, particularly at eaves 70mm and secure
and around large penetrations such as chimneys and skylights etc. Apron flashing
Anti-ponding boards should be installed at these points either by

the builder, carpenter or tiler. The following are typical details of
Figure 40: Dutch Gable Flashing
roof flashings, which have proved successful over time.
However good trade practice and the expertise of most tilers in
unusual details should be taken into consideration.
Flashing turned up
to redirect any
Over flashing through brick course water entry out of
weep holes
Apron flashing
Figure 41: Dutch Gable at Hip and Barge Junction
Figure 38: Head Wall Flashings Valley boards mitred

and self supporting Saddle flashing
at this point
Stepped flashing cut

into brick course
Apron flashing
overlaps at least one
tile upstand
Figure 42: Saddle Flashings
Figure 39: Step Flashing Chased to Brick Course
64
Roof Tile Manual

Over flash around pipe
Flashing dollied
into tile profile
Flashing
Sarking pulled up
Anti-ponding board
Fix all tiles on
steep slope
Flash under upper tile
(underside of upper tile may
need ribs nipped out to
penetration of flashing)
Sarking
Figure 46: Pipe Penetration
Parapet overflashing Nip out underside

Figure 43: Mansard Roof cut into brickwork of tile to prevent
penetration of
Double batten to chimney tray
support cut tile
Apron flashing
False chimney tray
Flashing Chimney board
Packing
Sarking
Figure 47: Chimney Penetration
Step flashing cut

Figure 44: Change of Pitch into brickwork
course
Apron flashing
Figure 48: Chimney Apron Flashing

Secret gutter
Figure 45: Splayed Gable
65

Bedding and Pointing

Bedding Mortar Mix
Valley iron
Australian Standard 2050 Installation of roof tiles requires
a minimum, “Cement mortar for bedding (1:4) 1 cement, 4 ± 0.4
Eave gutter sand.”
Apron flashing
The use of other additives such as “Lime or Fire clay” is permitted
at the following ratios:
Fascia board • Fire clay when used, replaces an equal amount of sand
therefore, if 1/2 a measure of fire clay is used the ratio would
be (1: 0.5: 3.5)…
1 cement, 0.5± 0.005 fire clay, 3.5± 0.3.5 sand.
Figure 49: Valley Apron Flashing Fire clay is not a replacement for cement.
The use of plasticizer’s and products that aerate mortar is not
permitted as these products weaken the mortar.
Pointing Mortar
Cement mortar bonding shall not be used as the mechanical fixing
method. It can be used however in conjunction with some other
form of mechanical fixing.
• Pointing mortar when used shall be 3-1 mix, 3 clean sharp
sand, 1 cement, with oxides or pigments to suit.
• Flexible, premixed pointing is available and in most cases
is rated as a mechanical fixing. Check with the manufacturer
for confirmation of status.
Bedding and Pointing

The pointing should be neatly trowelled, with an even finish
throughout. Collar/cuffs should be pointed (if flexible pointing is the
mechanical fixing then it is mandatory to point collars/cuffs).
Roof Completion
Tilers should take care to remove all debris from the roof and
gutters on completion of the job and in particular, care should
be taken to remove any steel debris – nails etc, which might cause
staining of tiles or premature corrosion of gutters should they
remain on the roof.
A final detail check should be made on the roof before completion

to ensure that any broken or cracked tiles are replaced and the roof
is fully weatherproof.
66
Architectural
Details
67
Architectural Details
Rafters
LUTUM roof tiles
Sarking
35° o
r less
Min 15°
Tile batten
Stud wall
Figure 50: Change in Pitch (CAD File BR001 - Available on request)
Note: minimum pitch 15°
LUTUM roof tiles
Lead flashing over batten

fixed with galv clouts
Sarking
Tile battens
35° o
r less
Min 15°
Rafters
Stud wall
Figure 51: Change in Pitch - Flashing (CAD File BR002 - Available on request)
68
Roof Tile Manual
>> Architectural Details

» Architectural Details
Roof truss
LUTUM roof tiles
Tile battens
Anti-ponding board
Gutter
Bellcast height
should be 25mm
higher than the tile
batten thickness
Fascia board
Sarking
Eave framing as required
Figure 52: Eave Detail/Fascia Board/Bellcast Height (CAD File BR003 - Available on request)
Vee ridge capping

on mortar bedding
LUTUM Roof tiles
Roof tile batten
Rafter
Ridge board
Figure 53: Ridge Detail (CAD File BR005 - Available on request)
69

Continuous flashing
under top ridge
LUTUM roof tiles
Fascia board Rafters
Roof tile batten

Butt ridge
Butt joints
Figure 54: Butt Ridge System
70
Roof Tile Manual

Reinforcing mesh
Ridge capping
Hooked nail
Tile batten
LUTUM roof tiles
Rafter
Figure 55: Steep Pitched Ridge Cap (CAD File BR006 - Available Available on request)
Ridge tile
mechanically fixed
through to timber
Bedding and pointing

to ridge capping
LUTUM roof tiles
D.A.R. horizontal barge

board with saw cut
forming drip groove
External cladding
Rafters
Tile batten
Figure 56: Saw Tooth Ridge - Steep Pitch Vee Ridge (CAD File BR007 - Available on request)
71

Flashing dressed over tiles
LUTUM roof tiles
Roof tile batten
Rafter
Figure 57: Flashing to Brick Abutment (CAD File BR008 - Available on request)
Stud wall
Flashing dressed
over tiles
Ledger
LUTUM roof tiles
Roof tile batten
Rafter
Figure 58: Flashing to Timber Abutment (CAD File BR009 - Available on request)
72
Roof Tile Manual

Stepped flashing
Formed concealed gutter
LUTUM roof tiles
Tile batten
Support batten
Rafters
270 cavity brickwork
Figure 59: Parapet Concealed Gutter (CAD File BR010 - Available on request)
Stepped flashing
Counter flashing turned

up to full length of roof
LUTUM roof tiles
Roof tile battens
Rafters
270 cavity brickwork
Figure 60: Parapet - Detail Brick Wall (CAD File BR011 - Available on request)
73

Cladding
to stud wall
Counter flashing
turned up to full
length of roof
Noggings to support flashing LUTUM roof tiles
Stud wall
Roof tile battens
Rafters
Figure 61: Flashing to Side Abutment (CAD File BR012 -Available on request)
LUTUM
roof tiles
Tiles cut with diamond

Tile batten
saw sealant used to
glue tiles at joint
Fascia board
Hip batten Rafters
150 x 38 Hip board Secret gutter formed

from lead flashing runs
into eave gutter
Figure 62: Mitred Hip (CAD File BR013 - Available on request)
74
Roof Tile Manual

Valley iron/tray
100
LUTUM roof tiles

Rafters
Sarking
Valley rafter Valley board

to both sides
Figure 63: Valley Detail (CAD File BR014 - Available on request)
Roof tile batten
LUTUM roof tiles
Rafters
Sarking
Ceiling lining
Counter batten min 10mm thick
Figure 64: Counter Batten (CAD File BR015 - Available on request)
75

Flashing over valley

tray upstand
Galv tray
chimney surround
Flashing dressed min

200mm over tiles
LUTUM roof tiles

Rafter
Roof tile batten
Trimmers as required.
Leave 10mm clear of brickwork
Chimney stack
Ledger beam for rafters

packed 10mm off
brickwork with FC strips
Figure 65: Chimney Junctions (CAD File BR016 - Available on request)
Fire retarding insulation
LUTUM roof tiles
Rafter
Tile batten to
max size 75 x 50
230mm brick wall
Figure 66: Tile Over Internal Fire Wall (CAD File BR017 - Available on request)
76
Roof Tile Manual
LUTUM roof tiles
Knee joint flashing Anti-ponding and supporting

board for flashing and
sarking membrane
LUTUM roof tiles Sarking

mechanically fixed to battens
Roof tile battens
Figure 67: Mansard Roof (CAD File BR018 - Available on request)
Lead flashing turned up

to redirect any water
entry out of weep holes
Figure 68: Elevation of Dutch Gable (CAD File BR019 - Available on request)
77

LUTUM roof Tiles. LUTUM Ridge Tile to

Each tile is to be mechanically suit. To be mechanically
fixed through to timber. fixed through to timber.
Continuous flashing
at corner.
Return under tile lip.
Roofing battens Bedding and pointing.

Seal edges of ridge tiles
to roof tiles.
Breathable membrane
installed between
structual wall and battens.
Roofing battens
Structural Wall.
Framing shown is indicative only.
Figure 69: Vertical Tiles at External Corner - Option 1 (CAD File BR020 - Available on request)
LUTUM roof Tiles. Cut tile edge as required

Each tile is to be mechanically to finish neatly at junction.
fixed through to timber.
Timber substrate as required
Sheet metal flashing at corner.

Roofing battens
Breathable membrane
installed between
Roofing battens
Structural Wall.
Figure 70: Vertical Tiles at External Corner - Option 2 (CAD File BR021 - Available on request)
78
Roof Tile Manual

LUTUM roof Tiles.

Each tile is to be mechanically
Roofing battens
Structural Wall.
Cut tile edge as required

to finish neatly at junction.

Breathable membrane
installed between
Figure 71: Vertical Tiles at Corner - Option 1 (CAD File BR022 - Available on request)
LUTUM roof Tiles.

Each tile is to be mechanically
Roofing battens
Structural Wall.
Cut tile edge as required
to finish neatly at junction.
Timber substrate as required

Breathable membrane
installed between
Figure 72: Vertical Tiles at Corner - Option 2 (CAD File BR023 - Available on request)
79

Tile Fixing:
Every tile is to be fixed mechinically to Tile battens:
battens using screws that are double fixed. Batten to be of a size that supports vertical
load and fixed in place with screws selected
to suit batten spacing and environmental
conditions.
Tile Spacing:
The chosen profile will dictate the
spacing required. Breathable membrane
Install battens and tiles according to installed between structual wall
LUTUM Technical Manual. and battens.
Adhesive: Structural Wall

The chosen profile will determine if adhesive
can be used under the nose of the tiles to
assist with holding them in place.
Bottom batten to be of a size that

maintains tile pitch.
Closure flashing as required

at base of wall.
Figure 73: Vertical Tiles - Wall - Option 1 (CAD File BR024 - Available on request)
LUTUM roof tiles
Knee joint flashing
LUTUM roof tiles

mechanically fixed to battens Anti-ponding and supporting
board for flashing and
sarking membrane
Breathable membrane
Tile Spacing: installed between structual wall
The chosen profile will dictate the and battens.
spacing required.
Install battens and tiles according to
LUTUM Technical Manual.
Tile battens:
Batten to be of a size that supports vertical
load and fixed in place with screws selected
Adhesive: to suit batten spacing and environmental
The chosen profile will determine if adhesive conditions.
assist with holding them in place. Structural Wall
Figure 74: Vertical Tiles - Wall - Option 2 (CAD File BR025 - Available on request)
80
Roof Tile Manual

Tile battens
LUTUM roof tiles
Anti-ponding board
Gutter
Roof framing
Bellcast height
should be 25mm Anti-ponding board
higher than the tile
batten thickness
Steel bracket to support fascia
Fascia board
as required
Tile Spacing:
The chosen profile will dictate the Breathable membrane
spacing required. installed between structual wall
Install battens and tiles according to and battens.
Tile battens:
Adhesive: Batten to be of a size that supports vertical
The chosen profile will determine if adhesive load and fixed in place with screws selected
can be used under the nose of the tiles to to suit batten spacing and environmental
assist with holding them in place. conditions.
LUTUM roof tiles

mechanically fixed to battens Structural Wall
Figure 75: Vertical Tiles - Roof Junction Detail (CAD File BR026 - Available on request)
81

Tile Fixing: Tile battens:

Every tile is to be fixed mechinically Batten to be of a size that supports vertical
to battens using screws that are load and fixed in place with screws selected
double fixed. to suit batten spacing and environmental
conditions.
Tile Spacing: Breathable membrane

The chosen profile will dictate the installed between structual wall
spacing required. and battens.
Adhesive: Structural Wall.

The chosen profile will determine if adhesive Framing shown is indicative only.
assist with holding them in place.
Bottom batten to be of a size that

maintains tile pitch.
Closure / head flashing

as required.
Window head frame
Figure 76: Vertical Tiles - Window Head Detail (CAD File BR027 - Available on request)
Window sill frame
Window sill flashing as required
Structural Wall.
Tile Fixing: Framing shown is indicative only.
Every tile is to be fixed mechinically
to battens using screws that are
double fixed.
Adhesive: Tile battens:

The chosen profile will determine if Batten to be of a size that supports vertical
adhesive can be used under the nose load and fixed in place with screws selected
of the tiles to assist with holding them to suit batten spacing and environmental
in place. conditions.
Tile Spacing: Breathable membrane

The chosen profile will dictate the installed between structual wall
spacing required. and battens.
Figure 77: Vertical Tiles - Window Sill Detail (CAD File BR028 - Available on request)
82
Frequently
Asked Questions
83
Roof Tile Manual
Frequently Asked Questions

How do I best maintain my roof? How expensive is it to re-roof?
Maintaining tiles requires minimal effort however should be done Bring your plans into a LUTUM display or contact us on 1300 134
regularly. This includes cleaning gutters, downpipes and valleys 002 and we can help you with a cost estimate. There may be
as well as the roof itself. If your roof is old or you’d like to get surprisingly little difference between the cost of respraying and
it checked after storm damage, we recommend contacting a installing new roof tiles.
roof maintenance specialist who understands the correct safety
procedures to inspect and clean your roof. How long will it take to install my roof?
The average roof is around 210 square meters, which takes
Can I respray tiled roofs? approximately two days to install and fix. Allow another day for each
Depending on the material and method used it is completely additional 100 square metres.
acceptable to spray concrete roof tiles. However, never spray
terracotta as it would interfere with the natural quality of the I live near the water, is my warranty still valid?
clay and over time will peel away from the glazed surface. Water The LUTUM roof tile guarantee is valid no matter where you build
collected during respraying, should not be collected in water tanks. your home and not dependent on how close or far you are from the
coast. All LUTUM roof tiles are salt safe and can be used even in
Why is concrete not as colour-fast as terracotta or severe marine environments.
ceramic?
Concrete tiles are not glazed so like all exterior building materials What is NatHERS or BERS?
they are subject to UV radiation and atmospheric pollutants. As a The Nationwide Housing Energy Scheme (NatHERS) and Building
result they will weather with age to a matt finish and will lose some Energy Scheme (BERS) are energy simulation computer programs
colour over time. Terracotta tiles are kiln-fried with vitreous coating that provide thermal ratings for homes. They are employed during
that makes these tiles resistant to harsh UV exposure. the design stage to enhance the energy efficiency of a new
development.
What is lichen?
Lichen or moss can start to grow on tiles after long periods but
does not in any way indicate deterioration or affect the performance
of tiles. It can be easily removed with a high pressure cleaner by a
professional cleaning contractor.
What are the white streaks apparent on some roofs?

Sometimes the natural mineral salts in concrete can migrate
to the surface in the form of whitish grey discolouration called
efflorescence. This is not harmful, has no impact on the
performance of the tile and will weather away over time.
84
Notes
85
Notes
86
Enquiries 1300 134 002
Web www.lutum.com.au
Important Information: Product information contained in this brochure is correct as at January 2024 and is subject to change thereafter without notice. The
photos and images contained in this brochure are for illustrative purposes only and should not be used or relied upon for final selection. LUTUM roof tiles are
manufactured from natural products which feature variations in colour, texture, shape and may also include minor blemishes and chips from manufacture and
delivery which are not defects and do not affect the performance of the product. For this reason it is important that you view a display and physical samples
before ordering, and ensure that roof tiles from any order are blended from a number of pallets across a roof to achieve consistency. At LUTUM, all roof tiles
are manufactured to the requirements of Australian Standard 2049-2002 Roof tiles. Please ask for and review a copy of the conditions applicable to the LUTUM
LUT3165
Warranty before making your purchase. LUTUM, the LUTUM logo, Shingle, Artline, Wave, French, Swiss, Contour, Slimline, Macquarie, Capri, Vogue, Linea,
Striata are trade marks or registered trade marks of LUTUM Holdings Pty Ltd. or one of its subsidiaries. Montoro Roofing Pty Ltd ABN 34 002 944 694 trading
as LUTUM.

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LUTUM Roof Tiles

Technical Information Guide

Introduction Concrete Roof Tiles

Frequently Asked Questions 84

Whether you are building a new home or renovating an

SERVICE AND SUPPORT

Our LUTUM supply service is here to help you with all

4 June 2018 | BORAL ROOF TILES

Other Safety Considerations Concrete

BORAL ROOF TILES | June 2018 5

Enhanced Versatility of Concrete Roofing Terminology

Internal wall studs

Figure 1: Roof Structural Members

6 June 2018 | BORAL ROOF TILES

Ceiling Joist Fascia Board

BORAL ROOF TILES | June 2018 7

Finial • Back Gutter – a gutter at the back of a chimney or other

Gable or Gable End Hip Board

Gable Roof Hip Capping (Ridging)

8 June 2018 | BORAL ROOF TILES

Pointing Scribe Board

BORAL ROOF TILES | June 2018 9

10 June 2018 | BORAL ROOF TILES

• AS 2049 (Roof Tiles)

BAL-19 Figure 2: Wind Forces on Roofs

12 June 2018 | BORAL ROOF TILES

>> Design Considerations

Terrain Categories Roughness Length (2°)m

The effect of local buildings, hills and vegetation is taken into

The four defined terrain categories are assessed by the direction

Terrain Category 3, Z° = 0.2m 0.4 Level wooded country, Suburban buildings

City buildings (10.0m to 30.0m)

Figure 3: Basic Wind Load Categories

BORAL ROOF TILES | June 2018 13

>> Design Considerations

Basic Wind Regions

Tropical Cyclones Intermediate 25°

Figure 4: Basic Wind Regions

Table 1: Basic Wind Speed for Ultimate Strength in Different Regions

14 June 2018 | BORAL ROOF TILES

>> Design Considerations

Fixing Tile Roofs in Cyclonic Regions Maximum Rafter Lengths

^ Maximum rafter length at the minimum pitch is 4.5 metres.

BORAL ROOF TILES | June 2018 15

>> Design Considerations

Sarking is mandatory under Australian Standards if:

16 June 2018 | BORAL ROOF TILES

18 June 2018 | BORAL ROOF TILES

>> Performance Considerations

Table 4: Tile Energy Efficiency Data

DESIGNER CERAMIC RANGE

Pearl (Matt) 0.35 0.65 78.4 0.89 Light Light

Eclipse (Matt) 0.84 0.16 11.5 0.86 Dark Dark

Eclipse (Satin) 0.96 0.14 10 0.87 Dark Dark

Slate (Matt) 0.74 0.26 25.4 0.87 Dark Medium

Slate (Satin) 0.78 0.22 20.2 0.87 Dark Dark

Sydney Red (Matt) 0.63 0.37 40.3 0.87 Medium Medium

Pearl (Matt) 0.35 0.65 78.4 0.89 Light Light

Eclipse (Gloss) 0.95 0.05 -1.6 0.87 Dark Dark