Mệnh Đề Quan Hệ Rút Gọn: a. Dạng chủ động

1. The house has been built in the forest. It doesn’t have electricity.
The house which doesn’t have electricity has been built in the forest
2. Do you know the man? He is coming towards us.
Do you know the man who is coming towards us
3. I sent my parents some postcards. They were not so expensive.
I sent my parents some postcards which were not so expensive
4. I come from a city. The city is located by the sea.
I come from a city which is located by the sea
5. The soup was so delicious. I had it for lunch.
The soup which I had for lunch was so delicious
Chi called the lawyer. My father knows him.
Chi called the lawyer who my father knows
He brought a woman. I worked with her last year.
He brought a woman who I worked with last year
The book belongs to John. David found it under the chair.
The book which David found under the chair belongs to J
The food was delicious. Michael cooked the food.
The food which Michael cooked was delicious
MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ RÚT GỌN

a. Dạng chủ động
Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề chủ động thì rút thành cụm hiện tại phân từ
(V-ing).
Ví dụ:
The man who stands at the door is my uncle. => The man standing at the door is my uncle.
The woman who teaches English at his school is Ms.Smith => The woman teaching English at his
school is Ms. Smith
The writer who is dating my brother is pretty  The writer dating my brother is pretty
The man who jumped out from his house yesterday was a thief 
b. Dạng bị động
Ta có thể dùng past participle (V3) để thay thế cho mệnh đề đề quan hệ khi nó mang nghĩa bị
động.
Ví dụ:
The woman who is / was injured was my neighbor => The woman injured was my neighbor.
( Người phụ nữ bị thương là hàng xóm của tôi)
The instructions that are given on the front page are very important. => The instructions given
on the front page are very important. ( Hướng dẫn được đưa ở trang đầu rất quan trọng)
The song which was written by him has gone viral  The song written by him has gone viral
c. Rút thành to V
Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu (To-infinitive) khi trước đại từ quan
hệ có các cụm từ: the first, the second, the last, the only hoặc so sánh bậc nhất.
Ví dụ:
Chủ động:
- The first student who comes to class has to clean the board.
- The first student to come to class has to clean the board. ( Học sinh đầu tiên đến lớp phải lau
bảng)
The only person who get the trophy was John  The only person to get the trophy was john
Bị động:
- The only room which was painted yesterday was Mary’s.
The only room to be painted yesterday was Mary’s. ( Căn phòng duy nhất ngày hôm qua được
vẽ là Mary)
- The second person who is allowed to stay up late is Mary  The second person to be
allowed to stay up late is Mary
1. I was the only one who realized him.
 I was the only one to realize him
2. I have some homework which I must do tonight.
 I have some homework to do tonight
3. Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way.
 Our solar system is in a galaxy called the Milky Way
4. I was awakened by the sound of a laughter which came from the room which was next to
mine at the motel.
 I was awakened by the sound of a laughter coming from the room being next to mine at the
motel
5. There are six reports which have to be typed today
 There are six reports to be typed today
1. The man who is standing there is a clown.
 The man standing there is a clown
2. The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it.
 The envelop lying on the table has no stamp on it
3. Benzene, which was discovered by Faraday, became the starting point

in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosives.
 Benzene, discovered by Faraday, became …
4. My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house.
 My grandmother, being old and sick, never …
5. The students don't know how to do exercise which were given by the
teacher yesterday.
 The students don’t know how to do exercise given by the teacher
yesterday
6. The diagrams which were made by young Faraday were sent to Sir
Humphry Davy at the end of 1812.
 The diagrams made ….
7. The gentleman who lives next door to me is a well-known orator.
 The gentleman living next door to me is a well-known orator
8. All the astronauts who are orbiting the earth in space capsules are
weightless.
 All the astronauts orbiting the earth
9. All students who don't hand in their papers will fail in the exam.
 All students not handing in…
10. I saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm.

 I saw many houses destroyed by the storm
1. The boy who is playing with my son is very fat.

The boy playing with my son is very fat
2. The book which was recommended by teacher is very good.
The book recommended by teacher is very good
3. The table, which was expensive, was sold for $1500.
The table, being expensive, was sold for 1500
4. The lamp, which was on the table, was made in Japan.
The lamp, being on the table, was made in Japan
5. Her office was the next room that have to be fixed
Her office was the next room to be fixed
6. The woman who lives near my home walks to work today.
 The woman living near my home walks to work today
…………………………………………………………………….
7. The cat that is sleeping on the floor won’t get up.
The cat sleeping on the floor won’t get up
8. Mi is the only person who understands me.
Mi is the only person the to understand me
9. People who don’t have their exit cards cannot enter the museum.
 People not having their exit cards….
…………………………………………………………………….
10. Mike, who has lived in London for 30 years, has gone through several earthquake.
Mike, having lived in London for 30 years, has gone…
…………………………………………………………………….

Mệnh Đề Quan Hệ Rút Gọn: a. Dạng chủ động

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Mệnh Đề Quan Hệ Rút Gọn: a. Dạng chủ động

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1. The house has been built in the forest. It doesn’t have electricity.

MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ RÚT GỌN

1. The man who is standing there is a clown.

 The man standing there is a clown

2. The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it.

 The envelop lying on the table has no stamp on it

3. Benzene, which was discovered by Faraday, became the starting point

 Benzene, discovered by Faraday, became …

 My grandmother, being old and sick, never …

 The diagrams made ….

7. The gentleman who lives next door to me is a well-known orator.

 The gentleman living next door to me is a well-known orator

 All the astronauts orbiting the earth

 All students not handing in…

10. I saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm.

1. The boy who is playing with my son is very fat.

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