Plant and Animal

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Kingdom

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R
A
RM
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 C
Father of Taxonomy

: 1735: Carl Linnaeus

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Gave 2 Kingdom Classification
Animal
--
Plant 5 kingdoms
Taxonomy: it is the science of classifying and naming

i
-

the living organisms

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5 kingdoms classification by Robert Whittaker in 1969 These two ·
Me
important
s ett
kingdoms
Kingdoms arevery
very important
A
I
Ernst Haeckel in 1866 coined the term “Ecology”
↳ 3 Kingdom Classification (1864)
I Father of Indian ecology: Ramdeo Mishra
RM

↑ Carl Woese (1997): 3 domains TRICK to learn the order

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Kabaddi

Play
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Class

Our

Of

Girls

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Sum
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 Diversity in living organism

↓ ↓
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Classification is based on following: ↓ ↓ ↓

Monera Unicellular Multicellular

↓ ↓ ↓
Prokaryote v/s Eukaryote cell structure Protista Cell wall W Cell wall X

:
Unicellular/Multicellular organization ↓ ↓ ↓
Plantae Fungi Animalia

C
e
Moses
Modes ofofnutrition
nutrition
Further classification is done into sub groups

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KINGDOM MONERA

Microscopic, Prokaryotic Can be autotrophic/heterotrophic

I

Prokaryotic

I Cell wall maybe present/absent

R
eg: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Cynobacteria (Blue-green algae)
Well defined nucleus and membrane bound organelles is absent

↳
A
KINGDOM PROTISTA Kingdom Monera Classification
· Archaebacteria
-

Mostly autotrophs
Characteristics
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Few photosynthesis
Unicellular eukaryotic organisms
Locomotion through appendages - Eubacteria
Cell wall is present
Cell wall is absent except Euglena
·

Plasma membrane is present

Cytoplasm present

...
Mode of Nutrition Ribosomes present
Autotrophic/Heterotrophic
PA

eg: Unicellular algae,( diatoms,) protozoa

Classification of kingdom Protista

PHYLUM PROTOZOA

Unicellular, mostly aquatic, solitary or colonial

free living/parasitic/symbiotic
eg: Euglena, Amoeba, Paramecium , Plasmodium
-
C
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Helps in movement/locomotion
Also, helps to move food to its oral
cavity

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A
RM

Euglena has a
-
PA

tail-like structure

T
Helps in cell movement
 C
- -

I
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false feet
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A
KINGDOM FUNGI
RM
PA

Characteristics

Multicellular except yeast

. Cell wall is present and is made of complex sugar chitin
 benefit from each other
Some are in symbiotic relationship

!...
eg: Lichen - Blue green algae + fungi
India’s first lichen park: Uttarakhand

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changes gives food gives water + shelter
colour due to to fungus + minerals to algae
global warming

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Used in medicine: Penicillin Alexander Fleming
Used in bakery: Yeast discovered Penicillin

Mode of nutrition

Heterotrophic
R
A
Saprophytic: Decaying organic material as food
Parasitic: Dependent on protoplasm of a host organism for food
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PA
 KINGDOM PLANTAE

Multicellular
- Eukaryotes

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Cell Wall present Cellulose
! AutotrophsA
Sedentary
ic in
in nature
nature

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R
A
FI
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conducting tissue
without
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↓
↑
hidden reproductive
Cryptogams

organs
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⑦
.
A
RM

single cotyledon
Two cotyledons

PHYLUMS OF KINGDOM PLANTAE

PA

Characteristics of Thallophyta

no distinguished root or stem

elemen
Plantsdodo
Plants nothave
have well-differentiated body parts

.
or body
Plants are called as algae
Mostly aquatic
eg: Spirogyra, Ulothrix, Ulva, and Chara
Presence or absence of vascular tissues

: Ability to bear seeds

Ability to produce flower
 Phycology: Study of algae
I
↑
Green algae: Chlorophyceae
/
Red algae: Rhodophyceae

C
: Brown algae: Phaeophyceae

Sargassum grass, V

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Lamanaria (Kelps) Chlorella
↑ Blue green algae: Cyanobacteria

Characteristics of Bryophyta
R / Antheridium: the male sex organ of algae,
Moses, ferns, fungi, and other non-
flowering plants
A
They are known as “Amphibians of Plant Kingdom”

=
Well differentiated body: Stem and leaves
RM

Root like structures present: Rhizoids

Autotrophic, non-motile
No specialised tissues for water and food conduction
↑
Found in damp and moist areas
M
eg: Riccia
Ricia, Moss (funaria), Marchantia
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 > Found in cracks of rocks, moist and shady
places
Characteristics of Pteridophyta

-
First terrestrial plants
zameen par
-
Well-differentiated into roots, stem, and leaves

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I
Well-developed reproductive organs are hidden
- Specialised tissue for food and water conduction: Vascular tissues are
present

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eg: Marsilea and fern , Horsetails

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A
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 Characteristics of Gymnosperms

Gymno: Without cover

:
Sperma: Seeds without fruit

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-
Usually perennials, evergreen and mostly woody plants
True roots, stem, and leaves are present
Xylem vessel absent

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eg: Pinnes and Deodar , Cycas

Pinus coniferous forest: in

temperate regions

Characteristics of Angiosperms
R Plants
A
Types L v
-
Monocots Woody Non-woody
Angio: Covered
-

Dicots I v
Sperma: Seed Herbs Shrubs
RM

↓
They are flowering plants and produce seeds enclosed within fruit Stem
They are highly evolved
Ovary gets modified into fruit
Seeds have embryo inside it and these seeds develop inside ovary
Embryos have structure: Cotyledons seed leaves
-
PA

seeds that were

-
Cotyledons earlier ovules
↓
Emerge
/
-
W
Green

V
that was earlier
During seed germination ovary
 C
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KINGDOM ANIMALIA

Eukaryotic
R
Classified into phyla on the basis

ii
-
A
Multicellular of extent and type of body
design differentiation found
Heterotrophic
Cell wall absent
RM

Most of them are mobile

Characteristics of Porifera

They have holes called pores i.e. body is perforated that is why called sponges
Have water canal system (pores se paani)
PA

Asymmetrical body
Cellular level organization
Two layer germ layers: Diploblastic
Exclusively aquatic

Ectoderm: cells Endoderm: cells inside the

outside the body body
Endoskeleton is present
· Other examples: Euplectella, Spongilla
PA
RM
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R
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 Characteristics of Coelenterata/Cnidaria

Aquatic animals

It·
Tissue level organisation

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Hard skeleton developed outside called Exoskeleton made of calcium carbonate
Body made of two layers: Diploblastic Ectoderm: makes up cells outside of body
Anus is absent Endoderm: makes inner lining of the body

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Radial symmetry (divided in equal parts
from anywhere)
Central gastrovascular cavity is present
eg: Coral and hydra
-
Mouth is present surrounded by tentacles
I

Hydra)
R
Mostly marine somewhere, freshwater animals (eg:
A
Characteristics of Platyhelminthes

They have dorsoventrally

flattened body, dorsoventrally
flattened body like a ribbon
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Bilateral symmetry
Organ level organisation
Triploblastic animals: three germ layers
True internal cavity/coelom absent: Acoelomate
PA

Body cavity

.
They can be parasitic or free living
Coelom have organs accommodated
Either free, living or parasitic and terrestrial
Free living Parasite
Suckers and hooks are usually present
Hermaphrodite (Male+Female part present) animals
Anus is absent
 Characteristics of Nematodes/Aschelmithes

Body is cylindrical Animals show sexual dimorphism

/

-
Bilateral symmetry

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Triploblastic organisation
Organ
* level organisation
Organ system organization
No real organs present

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false cavity
Pseudocoelom present
L
Alimentary is complete: mouth and anus (Different
(entry and exitandpoint
entry same)
exit point)
eg: Elephantiasis (filarial worms)
Worms in intestines (roundworms/pinworms)
Sexes are separate

R
A
Hermaphrodite: having both male and
female part
Unisexual: either male or female part
RM

↑
Locomotory organs paired, lateral appendages
parapodia (Nereis)
-
Alimentary canal is tube like extend from mouth
to anus
They are usually found in freshwater, marine
↑
-

Characteristics of Annelida water, land

PA

Bilaterally symmetrical
Triploblastic

:
Cylindrical/dorsoventrally flattened
Brown colour skin is present
True coelomate animal
True organ packaged in coelom
-
Organ ⑭level
systemorganisation
organization
-
Body segmetation is present
/
Reproduction: Sexually
 Characteristics of Arthropoda

Largest phylum in animal kingdom

:
They have jointed legs

C
Bilateral symmetry
Segmented body into head, thorax/cahals thorax, abdomen
Open circulatory system (blood openly flows; not through a blood vessel)

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Coelom is present and is blood filled
Triploblastic
Respiration through gills, trachea
Excreation through Malpighian Tubules
Exoskeleton is made of chitin
Unisexual
R
A
RM
PA

Devil fish: common name of octopus

Characteristics of Mollusca
↳ 2nd largest phylum
Body is soft
Exoskeleton is hard (snails)
Little segmentation
Open circulatory system
 Blue colour blood: Haemocyanin
Alimentary canal is complete
Kidney like organs for excretion is present
Respiration through gills

C
Unisexual

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Characteristics of Echinodermata

-
Spiny skinned organism
I
Star shaped, spherical, elongated
-
Radial symmetry

:
I

↑
-
Triploblastic
Coelomic cavity is present
No segmentation
R
A
I Organ Me
level
systemsystem
organization
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Characteristics of Chordata
Types:
I
They have notochord: rod like structure Notochord not -

a) Protochordata
-
Paired gills slits in pharynx developed b) Vertebrata
- Bilateral properly I
- Triploblastic Notochord
PA

-
Organ system level organisation properly
-
Closed blood vascular system developed
- Heart is ventral
Rod like structure -
-
Hemichordata Invertebrates
-
>
 C
SS
Characteristics of Protochordata

-
R
Do not have proper notochord present during all stages of life
A
I
Bilaterally symmetrical
Triploblastic Post anal tail present
-
I

Coelomate animals
RM

I
Nerve cord is present
-
Pharyngeal gill slits present
PA
 Ill
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SS
R
A
RM

Characteristics of Vertebrates

Characteristics of Cyclostomata
PA

They are jawless vertebrates

!
eg: Petromyzon/Myxine , hog fishes, lamprey
Arthropoda
· Crayfish
-
Silverfish
Characteristics of Pieces
Mammals
-
Whale
They are fishes /
Dolphins
eg: Dog fish, Shark, tuna
Chambered heart: 2
 Characteristics of Amphibians

They have mucous glands in skin for respiration

:
They have 3 chambered heart ↳ or through gills
eg: Frogs, toads, R
amphibians
salamander

C
Characteristics of Reptiles

SS
They have 3 chambered heart
Exception: Crocodile 4 chambered heart
Cold blooded animals
eg: snake, turtle, lizard, crocodile

Characteristics of Aves
R
A
They are warm blooded animals
They have 4 chambered heart
They lay eggs
RM

Characteristics of Mammalian

They are warm blooded organism

They have 4 chambered heart
PA

They have mammary glands

Exception: Mammals but lay eggs eg: Platypus and echidnas