Mini Project Report

Temparature and Humidity monitoring using Arduino
Vikram prabhu 4SO20EE041 Veron Prinson Noronha 4SO20EE040 Alston Noel Fernandes 4SO20EE005 Roja S 4SO21EE41
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI - 590 018, KARNATAKA
A Mini Project Report

On
TEMPERATURE & HUMIDITY MONITERING USING

ARDUINO
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering
In
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

(VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI)
BY
Vikram Prabhu USN: 4SO20EE041
Veron Prinson Noronha USN:4SO20EE040
Roja S USN:4SO21EE 415
Alston Noel Fernandes USN: 4SO20EE005
Under the Guidance of

Ms.Chaithra Shetty
Associate Professor Dept. of E&E
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

ST JOSEPH ENGINEERING COLLEGE
An Autonomous Institution
Affiliated to VTU Belagavi, Recognized by AICTE New Delhi, Accredited by NAAC with A+ Grade
Vamanjoor, Mangaluru - 575028, India

July 2023
St. Joseph Engineering College

(Affiliated to VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI)
Vamanjoor Mangaluru -575 028, India
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
CERTIFICATE
Certified that the mini project work entitled Temperature and Humidity Monitoring using
NodeMCU carried out by
Mr. S Krishnan USN:4SO19EE036

Mr. Sushan Salian USN:4SO19EE046
Mr. Pinto Josli Jockim Amitha USN:4SO19EE027
Mr. Mohammad Saad Ali Khan USN:4SO19EE022
bonafide students of VI semester, Electrical & Electronics Engineering Department of St.

Joseph Engineering College Vamanjoor, Mangaluru 575028, in partial fulfillment for the
award of Bachelor of Electrical & Electronics Engineering of the Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belagavi during the year 2022-23. It is certified that all
corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the
Report deposited in the departmental library. The project report has been approved as it
satisfies the academic requirements in respect of Mini Project Work prescribed for the said
degree.
Guide Name: Dr.Suresh N.S Mr Sathisha K Dr. Rio D Souza

Signature: Head of Department Principal
Date: E&E Engineering.
External Viva
Name of the Examiner Signature with date
1.
2.
Acknowledgements
The completion and gratification that accompany the successful accomplishment of any
task would be, but not possible without mentioning the names of those people who made
this possible, whose constant guidance and encouragement helped us succeed. We thank
the Management of St Joseph Engineering College, for providing us with the necessary
infrastructure and creating a good environment. We also record here the constant
encouragement and facilities extended to us by Dr. Rio D'souza, Principal, SJEC and Mr.
Sathisha K, Head of the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. We extend
our sincere gratitude to them. We sincerely acknowledge the encouragement, timely help
and guidance of our beloved guide Ms.Chaithra Shetty. to complete the project within the
stipulated time successfully. Finally, a note of thanks to the teaching and non-teaching
staff of Electrical and Electronics Engineering department for their co-operation, who
helped us directly or indirectly in the successful completion of our mini project
Temperature and Humidity Monitoring using NodeMCU
S Krishnan 4SO19EE036 Sushan S 4SO19EE046 Pinto Josli 4SO19EE027 Mohammad Saad 4SO19EE022
Abstract
This project is all about Humidity & Temperature Monitoring using DHT11 & Arduino
UNO. It explains how to log Humidity & Temperature data on the cloud. We can
interface Arduino UNO with DHT11 to measure temperature and humidity. The required
components are Arduino UNO and a humidity sensor DHT11 or DHT22. In addition to
this breadboard and connecting wires are required. DHT11 sensor measures and provides
humidity and temperature values serially over a single wire. It can measure the relative
humidity in percentage (20 to 90% RH) and temperature in degree Celsius in the range of
0 to 50°C. It has 4 pins; one of which is used for data communication in serial form.
Contents
Acknowledgements i
Abstract ii
Contents iii
List of Tables and figures iv
1. Chapter 1: Introduction 1-2
2. Chapter 2: Literature Survey 3
3. Chapter 3: Components Used 4-8

3.1. The Aurduino UNO 4
3.1.1 Overview 4
3.1.2 Types 4
3.1.3 History 5
3.2 The DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor
3.3 LCD display 6
3.4Breadboard 7
3.5Connecting Wires 8
4. Chapter 4: Methodology Used 9-12
8
4.1 Source Code/Program 9
4.2 Circuit Connections 11
4.3Block Diagram 12
5. Chapter 5: Conclusion 13
6. References / Bibliography 14
7. Bill of Materials 15
List of Tables
Components Used:-
SL.No. COMPONENT NAME DESCRIPTION QUANTITY
1. Aurdino UNO Arduino Uno R3 1

ATmega328P
2. DHT11 Sensor DHT11 Humidity and 1

Temperature Sensor
3. Connecting Wires Jumper Wires 10
4. Breadboard — 1
5. LCD display 16*2 LCD display
List of Figures
1. Introduction
Temperature is a physical quantity that expresses how hot or cold an object is. It is a
measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules in the system. It is the
manifestation of thermal energy, present in all matter, which is the source of the
occurrence of heat, a flow of energy, when a body is in contact with another that is colder
or hotter. Temperature should not be confused with heat.
Temperature is measured with a thermometer. Thermometers are calibrated in various
temperature scales that historically have used various reference points and thermometric
substances for definition. The most common scales are the Celsius scale (formerly called
centigrade, denoted as °C), the Fahrenheit scale (denoted as °F), and the Kelvin scale
(denoted as K), the last of which is predominantly used for scientific purposes by
conventions of the International System of Units (SI).
Humidity is the concentration of water vapor present in the air. Water vapor, the gaseous
state of water, is generally invisible to the human eye.[1] Humidity indicates the likelihood
for precipitation, dew, or fog to be present.
Humidity depends on the temperature and pressure of the system of interest. The same
amount of water vapor results in higher relative humidity in cool air than warm air. A
related parameter is the dew point. The amount of water vapor needed to achieve
saturation increases as the temperature increases.
1.1 The Accuracy of temperature and humidity sensors:-

The accuracy of different temperature and humidity sensors differ from each other. For
example, the DHT11 humidity sensor has an accuracy of 5% capable of measuring the
humidity up to 80 percent and its temperature sensor has a 2-degree accuracy with the
ability to measure up to 50 degree Celsius. That is why for industries that are highly
sensitive to keeping the temperature and humidity at a certain level, sensors with high
accuracy are used because they provide more accurate and more reliable data. For
example, meteorological and scientific research departments need sensors with full
humidity measurement ranging from zero to 100 percent relative humidity.
1.2 Humidity and temperature sensor applications:-

They help the patients who have trouble breathing by enabling them to keep the humidity
and the temperature of the place at the optimum level. They are used to predict weather
conditions as weather stations use these sensors too. They can be used in heating systems,
ventilation systems and even air conditioning systems. These sensors can also be used for
greenhouses where the humidity values should be checked constantly. Museums can
benefit from them as well since the artifacts and the objects in these places should be kept
under certain conditions.
2. Literature Survey
Internet of Things (IoT) plays a pivotal part in our mundane daily life by controlling
electronic devices using networks. The controlling is done by minutely observing the
important parameters which generate vital pieces of information concerning the
functioning of these electronic devices. Simultaneously, this information will transmit
these vital statistics from the transmitting device as well as save the same on the cloud to
access by the applications and supplementary procedures to use them. This scruti ny
associates the outcomes of the environmental observances like the humidity and
temperature measurements using sensors. The gathered information could be profitably
used to produce actions like distantly dominant cooling, heating devices, or long term
statistics, which will be useful to control the same. The detected data are uploaded to the
cloud storage through network and associate using android application. The system
employs DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor device, and an ESP8266 Wi-Fi
module. The experimental results show the live temperature and humidity of the
surroundings using the Arduino UNO.DHT11 is mainly used here for checking the
temperature and humidity through a thermistor and a capacitive humidity sensor element
respectively. The sensors are used for measuring the temperatures from the surroundings,
storing displayed information with different devices. Here LCD display has been used to
give the output.
3.Components Used
3.1 The Arduino UNO
3.1.1 Overview:
The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on
the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller (MCU) and developed by Arduino.cc and
initially released in 2010. The board is equipped with sets of digital and
analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion
boards (shields) and other circuits. The board has 14 digital I/O pins (six capable
of PWM output), 6 analog I/O pins, and is programmable with the Arduino
IDE (Integrated Development Environment), via a type B USB cable. It can be powered
by a USB cable or a barrel connector that accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts, such
as a rectangular 9-volt battery. It has the same microcontroller as the Arduino
Nano board, and the same headers as the Leonardo board. The hardware reference design
is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and is
available on the Arduino website. Layout and production files for some versions of the
hardware are also available.
3.1.2History:-
It was in the year 2005 that the first ever Arduino board was born in the
classrooms of the Interactive Design Institute in Ivrea, Italy. Well, if you are not
very familiar with the term, an Arduino is an Open Source microcontroller
based development board that has opened the doors of electronics to a number
of designers and creative engineers.
It was in the Interactive Design Institute that a hardware thesis was contributed for
a wiring design by a Colombian student named Hernando Barragan. The title of
the thesis was “Arduino–La rivoluzione dell’open hardware” (“Arduino – The
Revolution of Open Hardware”). Yes, it sounded a little different from the usual
thesis but none would have imagined that it would carve a niche in the field of
electronics.
A team of five developers worked on this thesis and when the new wiring platform
was complete, they worked to make it much lighter, less expensive, and available
to the open source community.
The new prototype board, the Arduino, created by Massimo Banzi and other founders, is
a low cost microcontroller board that allows even a novice to do great things in
electronics. An Arduino can be connected to all kind of lights, motors, sensors and other
devices; easy-to-learn programming language can be used to program how the new
creation behaves.
Figure 3.1:-Aurduino UNO
3.2 DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor:-

The DHT11 is a basic, ultra low-cost digital temperature and humidity sensor. It uses a
capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor, that is a type of resistor whose resistance is
strongly dependent on temperature, more so than in standard resistors; to measure the
temperature and humidity of the surrounding air and spits out a digital signal on the data
pin (no analog input pins needed), which can be displayed on LCD display.It is fairly
simple to use, but requires careful timing to grab data. The only real downside of this
sensor is that we can only get new data from it once every 2 seconds, so when using this
sensor, the readings can be up to 2 seconds old.
Figure 3.2:- DHT11 sensor

3.3 LCD display

The term LCD stands for liquid crystal display. It is one kind of electronic display module
used in an extensive range of applications like various circuits & devices like mobile
phones, calculators, computers, TV sets, etc. These displays are mainly preferred for
multi-segment light-emitting diodes and seven segments. The main benefits of using this
module are inexpensive; simply programmable, animations, and there are no limitations
for displaying custom characters, special and even animations, etc.
LCD 16×2 Pin Diagram
The 16×2 LCD pinout is shown below.
• Pin1 (Ground/Source Pin): This is a GND pin of display, used to connect the
GND terminal of the microcontroller unit or power source.
• Pin2 (VCC/Source Pin): This is the voltage supply pin of the display, used to
connect the supply pin of the power source.
• Pin3 (V0/VEE/Control Pin): This pin regulates the difference of the display,
used to connect a changeable POT that can supply 0 to 5V.
• Pin4 (Register Select/Control Pin): This pin toggles among command or data
register, used to connect a microcontroller unit pin and obtains either 0 or 1(0 =
data mode, and 1 = command mode).
• Pin5 (Read/Write/Control Pin): This pin toggles the display among the read or
writes operation, and it is connected to a microcontroller unit pin to get either 0
or 1 (0 = Write Operation, and 1 = Read Operation).
• Pin 6 (Enable/Control Pin): This pin should be held high to execute Read/Write
process, and it is connected to the microcontroller unit & constantly held high.
• Pins 7-14 (Data Pins): These pins are used to send data to the display. These
pins are connected in two-wire modes like 4-wire mode and 8-wire mode. In 4-
wire mode, only four pins are connected to the microcontroller unit like 0 to 3,
whereas in 8-wire mode, 8-pins are connected to microcontroller unit like 0 to
7.
• Pin15 (+ve pin of the LED): This pin is connected to +5V
• Pin 16 (-ve pin of the LED): This pin is connected to GND.
3.4 Breadboard:-
A breadboard, solderless breadboard, protoboard, or terminal array board is a construction

base used to build semi-permanent prototypes of electronic circuits. Unlike
stripboard (Veroboard), breadboards do not require soldering or destruction to tracks and
are hence reusable. For this reason, breadboards are also popular with students and in
technological education. A variety of electronic systems may be prototyped by using
breadboards, from small analog and digital circuits to complete central processing
units (CPUs).
Co mpared to more permanent circuit connection methods, modern breadboards have

high parasitic capacitance, relatively high resistance, and less reliable connections, which
are subject to jostle and physical degradation. Signaling is limited to about 10 MHz, and
not everything works properly even well below that frequency.
Figure 3.3:- Breadboard

3.4 Connecting Wires:-

Male-male, female-male, female-female jumper wires are used
Figure 3.4:-
4. Methodology Used
4.1 Source Code/Program:-

1. The relevant program is entered onto the Arduino UNO.
2. The DHT11/DHT22 library is downloaded from GitHub and it is added to the library
manager.
3. The NodeMCU ESP-12E board is selected from the board manager.
4. The API Key from Thing speak which we created earlier on a programming section
line is pasted.
5. We then edit the program to change the wifi SSID and password with our own.
6. After this, we compile the code and upload it to NodeMCU board.
Program code:-
Figure 4.1:- Program Code

Figure 4.2:- Monitoring Humidity and Temperature Data on ThingSpeak
4.3 Circuit Connections :-

The Vin, D3/GPIO0, GND(ground) pins of Arduino UNO are connected to the Vcc(+ve),
Serial Data Out( middle pin) and GND(ground; -ve) pins of the DHT11 temperature and
humidity sensor respectively.
Figure 4.3:- Block Diagram

4.4 Circuit Diagram:-
Figure 4.4:- Physical realization of circuit

5. Conclusion
Thus, we have learned to monitor DHT11 Temperature and Humidity data with Arduino
UNO on the ThingSpeak server. We have successfully carried out our mini project work
by making effective use of the above mentioned components.
6. References/Bibliography
1. https://how2electronics.com/dht11-humidity-temperature-nodemcu-thingspeak/
2. https://thingspeak.com/channels/1791292/private_show
3. https://theiotprojects.com/dht11-temperature-and-humidity-monitor-with-nodemcu-
on-thingspeak/
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NodeMCU
5. https://www.electronicshub.org/dht11-humidity-sensor-arduino/
7. Bill Of The Material
Sl.No Item Cost

1. DHT11 Temperature and 200/-
Humidity Sensor
2. Arduino UNO 1000/-
3. Breadboard 80/-
4. Arduino cable 50/-
5. LCD display 180/-
5. Jumper Cables 50/-
Total 1560/-

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Temparature and Humidity monitoring using Arduino

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

A Mini Project Report

TEMPERATURE & HUMIDITY MONITERING USING

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

Under the Guidance of

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Vamanjoor, Mangaluru - 575028, India

St. Joseph Engineering College

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Mr. S Krishnan USN:4SO19EE036

bonafide students of VI semester, Electrical & Electronics Engineering Department of St.

Guide Name: Dr.Suresh N.S Mr Sathisha K Dr. Rio D Souza

List of Tables and figures iv

1. Chapter 1: Introduction 1-2

2. Chapter 2: Literature Survey 3

3. Chapter 3: Components Used 4-8

SL.No. COMPONENT NAME DESCRIPTION QUANTITY

1. Aurdino UNO Arduino Uno R3 1

2. DHT11 Sensor DHT11 Humidity and 1

3. Connecting Wires Jumper Wires 10

5. LCD display 16*2 LCD display

1.1 The Accuracy of temperature and humidity sensors:-

1.2 Humidity and temperature sensor applications:-

Figure 3.1:-Aurduino UNO

3.2 DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor:-

Figure 3.2:- DHT11 sensor

3.3 LCD display

The 16×2 LCD pinout is shown below.

A breadboard, solderless breadboard, protoboard, or terminal array board is a construction

Co mpared to more permanent circuit connection methods, modern breadboards have

Figure 3.3:- Breadboard

3.4 Connecting Wires:-

4.1 Source Code/Program:-

3. The NodeMCU ESP-12E board is selected from the board manager.

6. After this, we compile the code and upload it to NodeMCU board.

Figure 4.1:- Program Code

Figure 4.2:- Monitoring Humidity and Temperature Data on ThingSpeak

4.3 Circuit Connections :-

Figure 4.3:- Block Diagram

4.4 Circuit Diagram:-

Figure 4.4:- Physical realization of circuit

7. Bill Of The Material

Sl.No Item Cost

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