West Arsi Zone Districts Socio Economic Profile

1 Introduction
It is obvious that without having enough and reliable information and data about the
earth’s natural and cultural land escapes; it is difficult to prepare meaning full
developmental plan. Therefore, the main objectives of this document are to present
compiled information concerning physical and socio-economic condition of the zone and
its development constraints.
The main sources of data used for the preparation of the document are zonal Health,
Education, Natural Water Resource Development, Finance and Economic Development
departments, as well as the documents available in our office.
The document covers almost the data and activities of the period 2006/07-2008/09, and
all the years are according to the Gregorian calendar. However, due to lack of reliable and
consistent data, the document is not complete and comprehensive enough. Even though
it has these limitations, it could be a valuable source of reference to fulfill the data gap
found in the Woreda.
2. PHYSICAL SETTING
2.1. Location
West Arsi Zone is located approximately at a distance of 251km from Finfine. It is located
in the Rift Valley Region. The zone extends from 6012'29" to 7042'55" latitude and 38004'04"
to 39046'08" longitude. It shares bounder line with East Shewa zone to the north, SNNPRS
to the west, Arsi to the northeast, Guji to the south and Bale zone to the east. Most parts
of the zone have elevations of ranging from 1500 to over 2300m. Shashemene town is the
administrative center of the zone.
The total length of the boundary line is about 174km.Shashemene is the capital town of
the zone. It located at 251km from Finfine. Having the total area of 12409.99km2
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Source: O/F/&E/D/O statistical abstracts
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Table 2.1 Summary of west Arsi zone districts their area, town and ranks
No Name of district Capital town No. of peasant No.FSC Area
Km2 Ranks
associations
1 Adaba Adaba 22 15 2170 1
2 Arsi Negele Negele 43 51 1838 2
3 Dodola Dodola 23 18 1595 4
4 Gedeb Hasasa Hasasa 25 45 1135 6
5 Kofale Kofale 42 32 663 7
6 Kokosa Kokosa 23 26 649 9
7 Nensebo Warka 19 15 1692 3
8 Kore Kore 20 16 533 11
9 Shala Adje 38 42 916 5
10 Shashemene Shashemene 42 - 772 8
11 Siraro Loke Hada 28 24 593 10
West Arsi Zone Shashemene 325 284 12556 100.00
Source: West Arsi Zone Finance and Economic Development office
2.2 Geology of the Zone
Geological survey indicated that the zone is fallen under the tertiary volcanic of the
trap series and magdala group that makes its conducive for farming activities and
extraction of constriction materials. Besides, there are also sedimentary formations
(lacustrine Sediments within the basin) Geological Survey show that about 76.19% of the
zone are flat plain, while about 23.81% are ragged or unutilized terrain which including
valley, gorges, hills and dissected plateaus.
2.3 Climate
West Arsi zone is divided in to three major agro- climatic zones mainly due to variation
in altitude. This great variation of temperature provides wide opportunities for the
production of different types of crops range from warm to cool thermal zone.
The mean annual temperature of the zone is found between 20-250c in the high land and
10-160c in the low land area. However, there is a slight variation of temperature from
month to months. October to May is the hottest months while June to September is the
cold
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2.4 Mean Annual Rainfall - for most of the areas, the rainy season starts in March and
extends to November with the highest concentration in June, July and August. The
number of rainy days varies from Dega to Weina Dega and this number slightly
decreases as one goes down to the kolla areas.
Based on the climatologically data available in our office, the mean annual rainfall varies
from woreda to woreda Generally, West Arsi zone receives abundant and well-
distributed rainfall both in amount and season, which is conducive for different types of
vegetation growth and agricultural activities. On average, the zone gets annual mean
rainfall of 1300mm.
2.5 Drainage Pattern and Reilef
West Arsi is naturally endowed with many rivers and streams. It has high network or
density of permanent rivers and streams.
2.5.1 Lakes: - West Arsi zone is rich in natural lakes too. The major rift valley lakes of
Abijata, Langano, and Shalla are partly in West Arsi zone. It also shares Man made Lake
with Bale.Melka Wekena Lake has been used for generating hydroelectric power. More
over, they are important sources for fish production.
Similarly, Lake Langano located at 210km south of Addis Ababa and covers about
230km2. Its maximum depth is 46 meters. It is found at 1585 meters above seas level and
the home of different type of birds. It has high potential for recreation and fishery.
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Table 2.3 Number of major Rivers in West Arsi Zone
All Weather River Wet Season River All Weather River Wet Season River
Shashemene Siraro
Dedeba, Tina, Melka Gogeti - Budameda, Tilo and
Oda and Laftu Mechefera.
Adaba Arsi Negele
Maribo, Nanesho, Haro Kali’o Gogessa,
Wachekore, Furuna and Gedamso Awede Jitu,
Arba Awede Gudo and Daba
Gudo
Gedeb Hasasa Kofale
Wektetra, Gerdela, -
Uruba, Ubolto, Debara,
and Aware
- Kore
-- Anjelelo Xika, Anjelelo
Guda, Lega Guracha,
Kerenesa and Leya
Kokosa Shala
wabe, Logita, Maganamo - Shares Lake Shala and -
and Hafursa Hawasa within Arsi Negele
and Hawasa
Logita - Dodola
- Wabe Ukuma, Maribo Koro,Lenisho and
Heraro
Nansabo
Belechu, -
Bedesa,Hodema,
Katimera, Halila and
Hamile
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Relief
Table 2.4 Number of Major Mountain in the woreda
Adaba
Name of mountain
Darkina (3899m) mountain Morabowa (3804m), mountain Gamon (3808m) mountain and
Kawa Gurracha (3802m).
Arsi Negele
Name of mountain
Lench Guda and Lencha Tiko, Tulu Bila and Tulu Harogesa part of this massif
Kofale
Duro (3050m)
Kore
Kaka (4190m), Kubi Duro Shire and Fincha
Shala
Gogo, Mountain Adje, Mountain and Mountain Fende.
Gedeb Hasasa
Mountain Kaka (4245m), Mountain Tulu Belbato, Mountain Tulu Sema and Mountain Tulu
Sigalo.
Kokosa
Mountain Gorxe (3060m), Mountain Tirsu (3050m), Gaxa Mountain (3000m), Silo and Jijuge
Nansabo
Mountain Wolaya, Mountain Kogne and Gama Wolale Mountain.
Siraro
Borana (1500m)
Shashemeen
Mount Abaro (2580m)
Dodola
Mountain Ilale (3655m) mountain Korduro (3625m), and mountain Somkeru (3753m).
Source: Districts Agricultural and rural development office
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2.4. Soil: According to FAO/UNESCO classification, the soil resources of West Arsi are
classified into Vertisols, Chernozems, Cambisols, Fluvisols, Luvisols, Nitosols, Lithosols,
solonchacks and Andosls with the rest being composed of swamps and marshes rocks,
stones and sand. They are 8 major soil types in West Arsi. The definitions and
explanations of the sub-units and major soil groups are as follows.
2.5 Cambisols (3.95%): Cambisols are subdivided into Eutric Cambisols and Chromic
Cambisols. Chromic Cambisols have brown or red color. Eutric Cambisols are mainly
occurring in limestone areas. Most Cambisols have little agricultural value, as they are
occurred on slopes, are often shallow or have many stones or rock outcrops. Cambisols
that are deep and not stony are good for agriculture. It is found in Arsi Negele and Adaba
districts of the zone. Luvisols (39.4%): In the zone understudy, Luvisols are subdivided
into Chromic Luvisols (30.2%) and Orthic Luvisols (9.2%). They occur in all districts of
the zone. Chromic Vertisols (2.9%): Vertisols mostly occur on broad nearly flat to
undulating topography, which often lack integrated natural drainage networks. Much of
it occurs in those agro-ecological zones that permit their intense cultivation for extensive
crop and livestock production.
2.6 Chernozems (9.95%): Calcic Chernozems have a calcic horizon and lack an argic B
horizon overlying the calcic horizon. Calcic Chernozems mainly occur in larger portion of
Gedeb Asasa, and northern Dodola and Adaba districts of West Arsi zone.
2.7 Orthic Solonchaks (0.5%): They occur only in drier climate, generally on alluvial
plains and are generally classified as Fluvisols. They are highly saline soils, containing
soluble salts that influence plant growth and found northwestern Arsi Negele.
2.8 Fluvisols (0.71%): Fluvisols are young soils developed in recent alluvial deposits of
river plains, deltas, former lakes and coastal areas. Soil conditions are highly variable, i.e.,
in arid areas many soils are saline. Eutric Fluvisols occur in smaller portions of
Shashemene and Shala districts of West Arsi zone. Nitosols (5.7%): They are reddish
brown to red clay soils of tropical regions and show features of strong weathering. On the
whole, unless on steep slopes and/or eroded, the soils are deep and are very porous.
They have a high moisture storage capacity and a deep rooting volume. In the zone
understudy, Eutric Nitosols cover larger portions of Kor and Kofele districts of the zone.
Andosols (12.97%) occur on young, vitric pyroclastic materials with largest extent in the
rift valley mainly with sodic phase particularly in central West Arsi zones.
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2.8 Vegetation
2.8.1 Natural Vegetation-The natural vegetation cover of an area is determined mainly by the
altitude, temperature, amount of rainfall and parent material from which the soil has been derived
and type of human interference. Its coverage and composition also changes over time due human
activities.
According to some literatures and oral tells hundred years ago most parts of the West Arsi zone
was covered with dense and endogenous natural forest. However, due to an increase of demands
for cropland, woods for construction and firewood as a result of population growth, this type of
forests almost have been lost. Currently, only Kofele, Munesa and Arsi Negele State forest and very
few limited natural forest coverage in the zone. Only 14% of the zone was covered by forest that
included from wooded grass land to Afro - Alpine.
2.8.2 Government Protected Forest
Munesa Shashemene State forest with the total area of 310939.9hectares (18%) of the total protected
forest area is found in all woreda.
Table 2.6 Size of natural and man made forests protected by government (2001)
Name of forest project Location Natural Man made Total
(Hectare) (Hectare) %
Munesa-Shashemene Nansabo 15280 6040 310939.9 18
A/negele,Kokosa,Dodola,Adaba
Source: Districts Agricultural and rural development office
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2.8.3 Wildlife
The diverse climate and topographic phenomenon have provided a wide range of natural
environments, which form favorable habitat for a formation of wide variety of fauna and flora in
Oromia Region in general and West Arsi zone in particular. However, due to uncontrolled hunting
and destruction of their natural habitat as a result of rapid population growth and related human
activities, there is rapid decrease of wildlife in size, species and distribution. The purpose of hunting
is to get social prestige or recognition, however, which is reduced to some extent today. Some of the
wild animals are hunted because they are harm to domestic animals, crops and sometimes men.
The Zone has different types of wild life ranging from small sized to big mammals. The Zone have
few parks which could be considered as reserved area for wild life such as, Shala Abiyat National
park, Bale Mountain National park; Sinkel National Park and Lake Shala National Park The major
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types of wild life in the zone are Duiker, warthog, Hyena, Man goose, Nyala, Monkey, Mongoose,
Columbus, Leopard, Fox, Greater Kudu, Mountain Nyala, Rabbit, Ape, Antelope, Gureza, Lions,
Tiger, Bushbuck, Baboons and Swain Hartebeests.
3. Socio-Economic Conditions
3.1.1 Population
Population: - is the total number of inhabitants living in a given geographic area for a specific point
in time.
3.1.2 Demographic process a continuous change in the size of population
Population Dynamic demographic variable
→ Fertility
→ Mortality
→ Migration
According to the projection made from the 1999 Population and Housing census, the total
population of West Arsi zone was 1830860 and 2051120 in the year 1998 and 2001 respectively. The
urban population of the zone was accounted 14.18 percent of the total population during the
mentioned years. Female accounted for about 52.6 percent of the urban and 50percent of the rural
population.
Table 3.1 Population of West Arsi zone by sex and place of residence
Rural Urban Total
Year Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total
2000 870604 885274 1755878 73347 70534 143908
943951 955808 1899759
2001 934521 957361 1891882 79889 79349 159238
1014410 1036710 2051120
Source: W/A/F&E/D/O statistical abstracts
3.1.3 Dependency Ratio - Dependency ratio is the dependent population per economically active
section of the population (age 15-64 years). In west Arsi zone, the age group 0-14, 15-64 and 65 and
above years were 47.36, 49.48 and 3.17 percent of the total population of the zone respectively.
3.1.4 Average Family Size - According to the 1999 population and housing census of Ethiopia, the
average household size of the zone is 5.5 person per household for the zone, which is 5 for urban
and 6 for rural per household.
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3.1.5 Sex Ratio - the over all sex ratio of in West Arsi is estimated to be about 98.5 males per 100
females. In urban areas the ratio is 103 males per 100 females, whereas for rural area it is 96 males
per 100 females.
3.1.6 Population Density- the crude population density (the ratio of total population to total area) of
the zone was 157.15 people per km2 in 2006/07) and it was increased to 164.95 persons per km2, in
the year 2008/09.
Table 3.2 Crude and agricultural density of the zone
Total Rural Total area Cultivable Crude Agricultural
Year population population (km2) land (km2) density density
1 2 3 4 5 6=2/4 7=3/5
1998 1697612 12556 - 157.15 -
1830860
1999 1727695 12556 - 160.71 -
1866273
2000 1755878 12556 - 164.95 -
1899759
2001 1891882 12732.12 6276.18 161 301.4
2051120

3.2 Environmental condition
3.2.1 Agriculture
Agriculture is the business of food production. The history of agricultural crop production begins as
observed the germination of the seed dropped from a tree produce the same seed as the mother first
activities of Agriculture in all country is to produce food stuffs to meet the economic demand and
where possible also the human needs of the population. However, it is characterized by lack of
access to modern technology and lack of information. Low productivity dependency on rain fall,
lack of irrigation practice, lack of new varieties and agriculture in puts (fertilizers, pesticide). As a
result the sectors are remained subtend (from hand to mouth) in its nature. However, the districts
are potential rich particularly for farming practice its àgro climatic condition (dominates by cool
(alpine) 45% and “Badda- dare” (sub tropical 39.6%). This makes the districts suitable for cereals
crops such as teff, Wheat, Barely and Maize. In the districts Maize covers the largest portion of
cultivated land.
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3.2.2 Peasant associations
Table3.3 Peasant Associations (Ganda Qotee Bulaa) and Members by Sex
1999 2000 2001
Number of peasant Associations(PAs) 267 313 325
Member of peasant’ Associations
Male 198288 206367 239725
Female 45638 48638 50058
Total 243926 255005 289783
Number of household members of PAs
Members of (population)
Male 854334 870604 934521
Female 873361 885274 957361
Total
1727695 1755878 1891882
Table3.4Number of Farmers’ Service Cooperatives (FSC) (Waldoota Hojii Gamtaa) and Member
Farmers
Farmers’ service 1999 2000 2001
cooperatives(FSC) Registere Registered Registered
d
Farmers’ service 90 115 248
cooperatives(FSC)
Number of member farmers of
FSC
Male 62007 63688 NA
Female 13254 17623 NA
Total 75261 81311 NA
Source: Zonal Agricultural and rural development office
Table 3.5 Number of ‘DA’ in the woreda
Year 1998 1999 2000 2001
Number of Development Center 84 96 102 104
Number of DA’s 473 675 878 893
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3.2.3 Food Aids, Food Self- sufficiency and Situation of Droughts
West Arsi Zone is considered as food self-sufficient area. However, there are households that have
food insecurity problem. The severity of the problem, however, varies from year to year depending
on rainfall condition. It also varies from Woreda to Woreda, as results all Woreda are not equally
vulnerable to drought.
Table 3.6 Amount of food distributed by government and non-governmental organization and
population benefited
Amount of aid by type Beneficiaries No of beneficiaries
Year Grain(qt) Pulses (qt) CSF(qt)* Oils(lit) woreda
2006/07 0 0 0 0 0 0
2007/08 54264.9 3155 9255 37045 All Woreda 3055849
Source: zonal food security and disaster pervasion office
*CSF=Children Supplementary food
3.2.4 Land use pattern
Table3.7 Land use/cover of West Arsi zone
No Type of land use Area in km2 Percent

1 Afro-Alpine health vegetation 126.26 1.01
2 Grassland 5940.55 47.31
3 Forest land 2145.81 17.09
4 Woodland 305.35 2.43
5 Exposed sand soil surface 58.62 0.47
6 Cultivated land 3429.91 27.32
7 Open bushland 8.16 0.06
8 Shrubland 327.47 2.61
9 Pernnial swamp 17.82 0.14
10 Raparian woodland or bushland 20.40 0.16
11 Water body 175.65 1.40
Total 12556.00 100.00
Source: Adopted by RSIC of BoFED from MOA, 2006
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3.2.5 Crop production
Crop is a plant or a collection of plants produced artificially or naturally for the benefit or service of
man. Climates factors like, rain fall, market, social factors, and availability of labor determines crop
production. All the mentioned above available in the all woreda the weather condition also suitable
for the production of crops such as teff, Wheat, Barely, Maize, Sorghum, Oats, Chickpeas, Nueg,
Linseed, Millet and others crops.
3.2.6 Crops production for private peasant holdings
The total Land areas occupied by peasant holdings in 2006/07 and 2007/08 were 442955.3ha and
439452.9ha respectively. In the zone 12228367and 11507822 quintals of various crops were obtained
from agriculture in the mentioned year. Rain fed agricultural is the dominants crops production
system of the zone. There are state farm and large - scale private farmers in the zone.
Table 3.8 Estimates of area cultivated (hectare) and production of major crops (quintal) for peasant
holdings by season
No Major crops 2006/07 2007/08
Belg Meher Total Belg Meher Total
Cult 22958 364054 387012 12597.42 371387 383984.4
1 Cereals (ha)
Prod 704621 10782910 11487531 283869 10422761 10706630
(qt)
Cult 8161 21562.4 29723.4 6446.42 31693 38139.42
Teff (ha)
Prod 105708 221806.5 327514.5 51571.36 91355 342926.4
(qt)
Cult 0 119948.2 119948.2 0 122329.5 122329.5
Wheat (ha)
Prod 0 3617851 3617851 0 3394994 3394994
(qt)
Cult 994 89729.1 90721.1 0 97890.5 97890.5
Barley (ha)
Prod 10772 1860909 1871681 0 2019887 2019887
(qt)
Cult 0 1327.02 1327.02 0 1376 1376
Oats (ha)
Prod 0 12554.3 12554.3 0 10708 10708
(qt)
Cult 0 9457.25 9457.25 0 6559 6559
Sorghum (ha)
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Prod 0 224641 224641 0 194957 194957
(qt)
Cult 0 2966 2966 0 3502 3502
(ha)
Millet
Prod 0 86623 86623 0 89819 89819
(qt)
Cult 13803 118860 132663 6151 108037 114188
Maize (ha)
Prod 588141 4755783 5343924 232297.6 4421041 4653339
(qt)
Back Wheat Cult 0 206 206 0 0 0
(ha)
Prod 0 2742 2742 0 0 0
(qt)
Cult 15271 26202.57 41473.57 7127 32219 39346
2 Pulses (ha)
Prod 211853 431783.5 643636.5 71270 614046 685316
(qt)
Cult 0 117.66 117.66 0 239 239
10 Lentils (ha)
Prod 0 650.96 650.96 0 1148 1148
(qt)
Cult 0 4750.9 4750.9 0 4324 4324
11 Horse beans (ha)
Prod 0 50721 50721 0 26786 26786
(qt)
Cult 0 764 764 0 653 653
11 Chick peas (ha)
Prod 0 17480 17480 0 8033 8033
(qt)
Cult 0 2651.01 2651.01 2848 2848
12 Field peas (ha)
Prod 0 17483.75 17483.75 23452 23452
(qt)
Haricot Cult 15271 16401.8 31672.8 3127 21434.5 28561.5
13 beans (ha)
Prod 211853 324137.8 535990.8 71270 463964 535234
(qt)
Cult 0 1517.19 1517.19 0 2720.5 2720.5
14 Vetch (ha)
Prod 0 21310 21310 0 70663 70663
(qt)
Cult 0 14469.74 14469.74 0 16122.5 16122.5
15 Oil Seed (ha)
Prod 0 97200.37 97200.37 0 115876 115876
(qt)
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Cult 0 14.44 14.44 0 100 100
16 Niger seed (ha)
Prod 0 62.2 62.2 0 400 400
(qt)
Cult 0 14055.9 14055.9 0 15808 15808
17 Linseed (ha)
Prod 0 90798.62 90798.62 0 113848 113848
(qt)
Cult 0 399.4 399.4 0 164.5 164.5
18 Rapeseed (ha)
Prod 0 6339.55 6339.55 0 1428 1428
(qt)
Cult 0 0 0 0 50 50
20 Fenugreek (ha)
Prod 0 0 0 0 200 200
(qt)
Cult 38229 404726.3 442955.3 19724.42 419728.5 439452.9
Total (ha)
Prod 916474 11311893 12228367 355139 11152683 11507822
(qt)
3.2.7 Agricultural inputs
The data of fertilizer, pesticides and herbicides presented in the following table do not reflect the
actual amount utilized by the farmers of the zone, because some farmers might buy from private
traders. The given data represents only amount distributed by zonal cooperative and agricultural
office.
Table 3.9 Amounts and types of fertilizers, improved seeds, herbicides and pesticides distributed to
farmers
No Description 2006/07 2007/08

1 Fertilizers
DAP 93582 77187.8
UREA 4978 5472
2 Improved 11275.94 29819.2
Teff 25 302.5
Wheat 6310.38 16610.5
Barley 146.3 1441.6
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Maize 4752.23 7939
3 Pesticides(Lit) NA 12429
4 Pesticides(kg) NA NA
Herbicides(lit) 5000 14867
3.2.8 Method of maintaining soil fertility
National Welfare particularly health agricultural economy depends on fertile soil or (productive
soils). Soils may be naturally fertile or may be naturally rather than infertile and unproductive. There
are indigenous techniques of maintaining Soil fertility by local farmers among the techniques Crop
rotation, animals dung and fallowing land while the modern techniques of Soils conservation are
contour plough and making upper plot running water aversion ditch but Soil bund making, planting
trees, terracing and planting grass Strips in Supply plots are categorizing to modern method of Soil
Conservation techniques Using plant residues, manure, crop rotation , and fallowing land are
traditional way of maintaining soil fertility while Fertilizer in common way to maintaining Soil
fertility in each districts.
3.2.9 Agricultural Activities Calendar of the Zone

The time of performing agricultural activities such as land preparation, planting, weeding and
harvesting vary depending on the agro-climatic zone and type of crops. In West Arsi zone the length
of growing period decreases in the few woreda. Those areas which have the shortest growing period
include Siraro Shala Shashemene & Arsi Negele.
Table 3.10 Agricultural calendar
No Types of activities Meher Season Belg Season

1 Land preparation February to June February to March
2 Planting (Sowing) June to August Mid. March to April
3 Weeding Mid August to mid-September May
4 Harvesting 15 December to January August to November
3.2.10 Crop diseases and pests
There are a number of per harvest and post harvest Agricultural losses due to diseases and pests. In
the districts the most prevalent crops diseases includes corn smut, root stalk, ear rots, smuts while
corn borers, Army worms, grasshoppers, cut warms and weevils are a major crops pests.
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3.2.11 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
Currently, there are about 50 NGOs operating in the zone out of which 9 are international while 41are
local. They participated on different communities integrated development activities.
3.2.12 Livestock
The rural lively hold is highly depends on animal husbandry and crop production mostly
interrelated or (Supports to each other) most farming activities (Plowing, crashing and transporting)
are done by means of livestock in the zone. The zone have different livestock population but,
livestock extension package of dairy and beef farms development were not well adapted in the zone.
The major’s livestock’s feeds in the zone are grazing land, crop residual, and bush browning. There is
gradual declining of pastureland and currently reaching to the maximum level particularly due to the
expansion of farm land.
3.2.13 Beekeeping
Bee-keeping farming is another source of income for farmer family. However, rapid deforestation
rate and lack of enough moisture due to shortage of rainfall, herbicides and insecticides are the main
problems in bee farming.
Table 3.11 Number of Livestock and poultry (for private holdings) in the zone
No Types of livestock’s 1999 2000 2001

1 Cattle 3390756 3510328 3629900
Goats 317272 312027 322332
Sheep 543802 639107 694213
Horse 185706 198013 227784
Mules 8438 8605 8953
Donkeys 158008 161524 165367
Camels 51 53 57
2 Poultry 198020 245890 NA
3 Beehives 117787 128444 NA
Traditional 112762 123214 NA
Modern 5025 5230 NA
3.2.14 Soil Conservation
Soil determines crops growth and development so, with out the conservation of the soil the life of
crop is difficult. The districts face soil erosion problems due to lack of forest conservation. The people
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use different methods and techniques to conserve the soil such as, trace conservation, land
rehabilitation and seedling plantation.
Table3.12 Operating Statistics of Soil and Water Conservation
Activities Unit 1999 2000
Seedling production (Mill. Pcs.) 15 471
Soil bund construction km NA 307.96
Soil bund maintenance km NA 38.26
Seedling plantation (Mill Pcs.) 14.5 330
Nursery establishment (Number) 55 65.5
Nursery operation (Number) NA NA
Seed store construction (Number) NA NA
Grass seed multiplication (Kg) 8.4 10.5
River diversions (Number) NA NA
Terrace construction (Km) 137.5 121
Terrace maintenance (Km) 77 88
Check dam construction (Km) m3 766.8 1250
Land rehabilitation (Ha) NA NA
Surface pond maintenance (Number) NA 5
Surface pond construction (Number) NA 15
Spring development (Number) 1019 1459
Canal construction (Km) 1019 1459
Feeder road construction (Km) 186 197
Feeder road maintenance (Km) 143 76
Trained farmers (Number) NA 191992
Others (Specify)
1. Artificial Water Way km NA 92.4
2. Cut –off construction km 10.5 15.2
2006/07 2007/08
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3.2.15 Lives tock diseases
The major animal diseases in the districts according to their occurrence and distribution from the
most frequent to the least includes Black leg, Hemorrhagic, Septicemia , Anthrax, internal parasites
,external parasites and African horse sickness are common disease in the districts.
To reduce the prevalence of such diseases different vaccination and treatments at different area of
zone
Table 3.13 Number of Animal health services by type and number (heads)
VETERINARY PERSONNEL 1999 2000 2001
 Veterinarian doctor 1 3 7
-Foreign - -
- Ethiopian
 Animal health assistants 14 59 77
 Technicians 11 11 7
 Assistant Technicians 3 3
 Vaccinators 0 0
 Meat inspectors 3 3
Health Infrastructure
 Clinics(total) 36 42 45
A-Type 0 1 1
B-Type 1 4 4
C-Type 6 8 10
Non-standard 2 2 0
 Health posts 27 31 33
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
3.3 Mining and Industry
3.3.1 Mineral-The mineral deposits of the zone are not fully investigated or studied. However,
different writers indicate that the geological background of west Arsi zone provide favorable
conditions for the occurrence of varieties of minerals. The depositions of the well-known metallic
mineral resources are usually associated with old crystalline rocks. However, there is no clear
indication for the formation of this type of rock in the zone. The zone has different type of Minerals
such as Pumice, rholite, sand and selected materials especially Nansebo woreda are considered to
have the greatest potential for gold, ignimbrite and basalt mineral.
Page 25
3.3.2 Industry- The development of the industrial sector can play a great contribution in creating job
opportunity, income generation, utilizing the locally available raw materials and improving the
technological inputs for different economic sector as well as for import substitution.
Table 3.14 Number of small, medium and large scale industries in the zone
Industry Description 2006/07 2007/08
Food Industry Number 1 4
Capital (‘000Birr) 45000 245856
Employees 4 19
Wood work and Metal Number 1 5
Capital(Birr) 3000 277766262
Employees 33 624
Grain mill Number 51 93
Capital(Birr) 1202720 2195891
Employees 112 186
Coffee processing machine Number 2 3
Capital(Birr) 1241000 2216000
Employees 120 195
Blocket Industry Number 2 3
Capital(Birr) 50000 2016000
Employees 20 195
Number 57 108
Total Capital(Birr) 2541720 284440009
Employees 289 1219

*Include coffee processing machines, blocket and bread and cake industries
3.4 Transport and communications access

3.4.1 Road Access
Road access is curcial point for economic development. It would be imposable to conceive of social
and economic development in the absence of adequate transport.
Table 3.15 the total lengths of all weather roads and dry weather road in the zone
Name of districts Type of road Distance from
Asphalt Rural gravel Zone Finfine
Adaba 0 157.5 100 345
Arsi Negele 42 87 25 225
Page 26
Dodola 0 72 75 320
Gedab Asasa 0 73 85 285
Kofale 0 42 25 275
Kokosa 0 59 105 360
Dodola town 0 71 75 320
Shashemene town 11.2 38 - 250
Nensebo 0 58 139 389
Kore 0 19 51 301
Shala 29 19 31 282
Shashemene 40 - - 250
Siraro 0 59 74 324
3.4.2 Communication and Postal Services- There are 9 postal offices in the zone of which are 3 are
regular Shashemene, Arsi Negele and Gedebe Asasas and the rest are agents.
Table 3.16 Urban centers of the zone have postal services (2008/09)
No Name of districts Towns Departmental Regular Agent Sub-departmental
1 Adaba Adaba 0 0 1 0
2 Arsi Negele Negele 0 1 0 0
3 Dodola Dodola 0 0 0
4 Gedab Asasa Asasa 0 1 0 0
5 Kofale kofale 0 0 1 0
6 Kokosa Kokosa 0 0 1 0
7 Nensebo Woreka 0 0 0 0
8 Kore Kore 0 0 1 x
9 Shala Adje 0 0 1 0
10 Shashemene Shashemene 0 1 0 0
11 Siraro Loke 0 0 0 0
Source: field survey of W/A/F&E/D/O statistical abstracts
Page 27
3.4.3 Telephone Services
As it has been mentioned earlier people may want to meet their pen pal for this case alternative to
transports are phone and postal.
Table 3.17 Distribution of telephone station by types, locations, employees and subscribers 2008/09
Name of districts Station Manual Automatic Digital Wireless Pay stations Employees Subscribes
Adaba 20 - - 1 - 1 7 973
Arsi Nagele 25 - - 1 - 1 10 2008
Dodola 17 - - 1 - 1 7 1183
Gedab Asasa 12 - - 1 - 1 8 1286
Kofale 12 - - 1 - 1 10 764
Kokosa 1 - - - 1 1 2 NA
Nansabo 1 - - - 1 1 2 NA
Kore 1 - - - 1 1 3 NA
Shala 5 - - 1 - 1 7 250
Shashamane NA - - 1 - 1 - NA
Siraro 0 - - 0 0 1 0 0
3.5 Water and Energy Supply
3.5.1 Water Supply- About 83.43 percent of the urban and 38.34 percent of the rural population of the
zone were supplied with potable water in the year 2008/09. The major sources of drinking water
unprotected spring, pond, rivers well, lakes and tap water in their order of importance.
Table 3.18 Number of centers with pipe and percentage of population supplied with potable water of
the zone have by type
Water supply scheme
Place Functional Not functional Potable water
Year coverage (%)
Urban 12 1 89.34
Rural 241 101 24.4
2006/07 Total 253 102 56.87
Urban 12 1 89.34
Rural 250 101 27.78
2007/08 Total 262 102 58.56
Source: West Arsi Zone water supply office
Page 28
Table 3.19 Number of deep wells, shallow wells, hand-dug wells, spring development and
distribution schemes giving services
Water works 1999 2000 2001

Deep wells 45 71
Shallow wells 120 172
Hand-dug wells NA NA
Spring development 1019 1459
Distribution schemes 18 20
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
Source: Zonal water supply office
Table 3.20 Urban + Rural Supplied with potable water in the districts
Name of woreda population size of the Population access to potable
water in percent
woreda
Rural Urban Total Rural % Urban% Total
Adaba 161622 12090 173712 12.3 100 22
Arsi Negele 238163 54328 292491 41.5 91.4 51.4
Dodola 152622 13412 166133 34.1 100 45.9
Gedab Hasasa 166939 20206 186855 25.7 100 33.9
Kofale 226148 16099 242247 43.4 84.7 47.5
Kokosa 160785 4204 164989 22.4 0 21.9
Nensebo 107755 6064 113819 10.4 55 12.8
Kore 113524 5072 118596 32.2 100 35.3
Shala 147695 7676 155371 40.7 70.4 42
Shashemene 248900 5416 259479 34.3 49.1 34.9
Siraro 167932 9399 177331 36.8 50 47.7
West Arsi Zone 32.3 88 37.64
1892085 153966 2046051
Source: Zonal water supply office
Page 29
3.5.2 Energy Supply - Energy sources can be traditional or modern. The major local energy sources
are firewood, animal dung charcoal and farm residue both in rural and urban areas of the zone,
according to their order of importance, which consequently intensifies deforestation rate and
minimize the role of manures as natural fertilizer in the zone. The modern energy sources are
electricity, biogas, fossil fuel and solar energy. Currently, from 325 kebele, only 80 kebele have been
supplied with electric power system while the remaining Kebele 226 gets from diesel power.
Table 3.21 Electric supply by source
No Name of the Total Num Percent of Kebele
wereda number of ber of supplied with Electric
Kebele* in kebel (%)
the wereda e
suppl
ied
with
Electr
ic
00 01 02 04
1 Adaba 22 10 45.45
2 Arsi Negele 43 24 55.81
3 Dodola 23 7 30.43
4 Gedab Asasa 25 3 12
5 Kofale 42 2 5.71
6 Kokosa 23 5 26.31
7 Nensebo 19 0 0
8 Kore 20 3 15
9 Shala 38 4 10.52
10 Shashemene 42 20 52.63
11 Siraro 28 2 8.33
West Arsi 325 80 25
Source: West Arsi zone mineral and energy office
Page 30
3.5.3 Fuel service -
Table3.22 Fuel filling stations by location and capacity
Type of fuel station Capacity in liters
Name of district Name of town Benzene Kerosene Gasoline
Adaba Adaba Kobil 0 19000 36000
Arsi Negele Negele Kobil and Olibiya NA 10,000 42,000
Dodola Dodola Kobil NA NA NA
Shashemene Shashemene Noc,Olibiya and NA NA NA
Total
Shala Adje Kobil NA NA NA
4.1 Education
Education is fundamental to enhancing the quality of human life and ensuring social and economic
progress.
Education has played appositive role in the development of society by creativity and innovation.
Education is the key to creating, adapting and spreading knowledge but the gains in access to
education have been unevenly distributed, with the poor seldom getting their fair share.
Education plays a key roles inability of developing country to absorb modern technology and to
develop the capacity of self-sustaining growth and development
Provision of primary education and improving secondary education is the focal area of educational
goals of Oromia region. This can be achieved through expansion of schools and reduce local
disparities of schools as a key strategy.
There is a close relationship between education development and economic growth
 Investing in people’s education boosts the living standard of house holds.
 Expand employment opportunity.
 Rise productivity.
 Attracting capital in flow and enhancing earning.
4.2 School distribution
The change in the structure of primary education over time was implication on the school age of
pupil’s Oromia regional state had low enrollment rate primary education so far the reason.
 Persistent disparity b/n sex.
 High rate of drop out (25% in grades).
 Wastage of resource and efficiency of system.
Page 31
 Efficiency also aggravated by repeated however, primary education enrollment rate increase
successfully from 1993E.C.
According to the data obtained from the zonal educational office the number of primary school
increased from 465in 2006/07 E.C to 519in 2007/08. Regarding secondary school and other
Educational Training institutions, the number of secondary schools (9-10 and 11-12) has increased
from 13in 2006/07 to 14 in 2007/08 (9-10) .
During the same period, there is two nursing school, three technical and vocational education
training college. More over, there are non governmental training institutes like Rift Valley College,
Batu Global College, Farm College, Dadimas College, 2020 open college and Beza College, other
distance education training institutes like Alpha and Admas colleges located in Shashemene.
Table 4.1 Number of kindergarten, primary schools, senior secondary schools and other institutions
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
No Level of school Gov’t NGO Gov’t NGO Gov’t NGO
1 Kindergarten 2 36 2 45 2 42
2 Primary (1-8) 388 77 426 93 435 42
3 Secondary(9-10) 11 2 12 2 12 5
4 Technical/Vocational 2 0 2 0 2 0
5 Preparatory 5 1 5 2 5 3
Source: West Arsi zone Education office
Table 4.2 Numbers of Classrooms by Type and Level of Schools
Level Type of schools 1999 2000
Rural urban Total Rural urban Total
(1-4) Government 2712 322 3034 3255 386 3641
Non Government 91 159 250 121 213 334
Total 3803 481 3534 3376 617 3975
(5-8) Government 1368 424 1792 1539 477 2016
Non Government 39 92 131 46 110 156
Total 1407 516 1923 1585 587 2172
(1-8) Government 4080 746 4826 4794 863 5657
Non Government 184 251 381 167 323 490
Total 4264 997 5207 4961 1186 6147
Page 32
(9-10) Government 6 395 401 8 497 505
Non Government 0 42 42 0 68 68
Total 6 437 443 8 565 573
(11-12) Government 0 20 20 0 24 24
Total 0 32 32 0 36 36
Source: Districts Education office.
4.3 Students Enrollment
As mentioned in the previous significant change has been made in expanding schools and students
participation also increased from the previous years in the districts. This show that the altitude of
society changes to wards education.
Table 4.3 Number of enrolled students by levels of schools and sex
Year
No School Level by sex 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
1 Kindergarten 2217 4764 9610
Male 1165 2429 4874
Female 1052 2335 4736
2 Primary (1-8) 333126 351350 432696
Male 188185 193119 227555
Female 144941 158231 205141
3 Secondary (9-10) 33578 36898 35446
Male 23792 23984 23966
Female 9786 12914 11980
4 Preparatory (11-12) 3076 3636 4411
Male 2422 2945 3171
Female 654 691 1040
5 Technical training
Male
Female
Page 33
Table 4.4 Students’ participation rate by level of schools and Sex
Primary (1-8) Secondary (9-10) Preparatory(11-12)
Year
Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total
2006/07 64.2 53.9 59.12 75 34 54.5 NA NA NA
2007/08 79.4 67.6 73.4 81.35 39.43 60.16 10.43 2.47 6.45
2008/09 80.2 68.5 78.2 87.5 85.3 86.7 NA NA NA
4.4 Teachers’ distribution
Teachers’ are the main or vital teaching and learning media. The teaching and learning process is
possible only if there are appropriate teachers. Through these process students are nearest only to the
teachers, that they may or may not provide them an appropriate level of knowledge.
Table4.5 Number of teachers (1-12) by educational level and sex rural + urban
Level 1999(2006/07) 2000(2007/08) 2001(2008/09)
TTI and12+ 2810 1442 4252 2804 1736 4280 1504 793 2297
Diploma 1276 519 1795 1526 623 2149 1842 752 2594
12+4 and BA/B.SC 277 54 331 362 77 439 611 130 741
Total
4363 2015 6378 4692 2436 6868 3957 1675 5632
Source: West Arsi zone education offices.
Table 4.6 Number of adult education centers with adults enrolled
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
No No Male Female Male Female Male Female
1 First cycle 337 397
19179 14697 9672 7382
Children NA NA 15798 12322 8508 6727
Adult 337 397 3381 2375 1164 655
2 Second cycle 139 61
4299 3055 2113 1556
Children NA NA 3039 2219 2102 1542
Adult 139 61 1260 836 11 14
3 Third cycle 169 85
2200 1575 830 6082
Children NA NA 1549 1119 818 6076
Page 34
Adult 169 85 651 456 12 6
No of adult education center 102 325 116
Source: West Arsi zone education offices.

4.5 Health safety facilities
Statistical health surveys are conducted for many reasons but, the main reason is to determine the
health needs of a commodity.
Health survey entail inquires in to the costumers.
 Knowledge
 Attitude
 Practice
 Disease experience in the past
 His or her utilization of health service
Since health is very indispensable necessity for his or her life. People in the districts face different
difficult problem which either directly or in directly harms in their health. In such condition they
must get enough health safety facilities like Health centers, malaria C.C Clinics, health Posts and
drug vender.
Table 4.7 Number of medical person who providing services in the districts
Number of medical person
No Medical personnel
2006/07 200708 2008/09
1 Doctors 1 11 13
2 Health officers 10 15 28
3 Pharmacists 9 11 16
4 Pharmacy technicians 14 17 27
5 Lab. Technician(Bsc) 24 25 16
6 Lab. Technicians(Dep) - - 21
7 Pharmacy Attendants 0 2 NA
8 Sanitarians(Bsc) 12 11 12
9 Sanitarians(Dep) - - 23
10 Health assistants 39 33 25
11 Community health agents 45 61 NA
12 Nurse(diploma) 224 373 403
13 Nurse(degree) - - 33
14 Extant ion worker NA 458 629
Page 35
15 Supervisor NA 246 227
15 Health coverage NA 60 70%
16 Supportive staff 283
Source; districts health offic
Table4.8 Number of health institutions administrated under health office
No Type of health institutions 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09

Gov Non Gov Gov Non Gov Gov Non Gov
1 Health centers 10 - 11 - 21 -
2 Clinics 30 50 20 52 - 64
3 Health posts 106 - 117 - 238 -
4 Drug vender 21 - 23 - 50 -
5 Hospital - 2 - 2 - 2
6 Pharmacies 7 - 7 - - -
Source: Districts health office
4.6 Health problems of the zone -The major health problems are uneven distribution of health
services, shortage of trained man-power, low coverage of clean water and health services, lack of self
hygiene and environmental sanitation, which result into high prevalence of communicable diseases,
prevalence of sexual transmitted diseases such as HIV, etc.
4.7 Social Security
Unemployment is one of the indicators of social security in a country. In West Arsi zone, as in the
country in general, unemployment is mainly urban problem, which is caused by rapid rural-urban
migration. It is motivated mainly by the migrants’ expectation to get better economic opportunity in
urban area due to lack of information regarding the real situation exists in urban area of the country
in general and zone in particular. Therefore, the number of unemployed labor force increases in
urban areas of the zone, which in turn increases social in securities and problem.
According to West Arsi zone social and workers affair department, very few unemployed people are
registered in the zone. These registered people, however, cannot represent all unemployed people in
the zone.
Page 36
Table 4.9 Number of Criminal and Civil Cases lodged in all court (supreme, high courts, woreda
courts)
year Number of cases lodged during the year Decided cases Pending cases
woreda Zonal level woreda Zonal level woreda Zonal level
2000 2042 120 1562 94 26
2001 3935 51 1989 51 - -
Finance and Financial Institutions

In West Arsi zone, there are six private Banks (Awash International Bank, Wegagen Bank,
Cooperative Bank of Oromia, Oromia International Bank, Abyisenia Bank, Hebert Bank and Dashin
Bank and, three Commercial Banks of Ethiopia located in Dodola, Shashemene and Arsi Negele, and
two Ethiopian Insurance corporations located in Shashemene town. In addition, there are three
micro-financial institutions established by Oromiya saving and credit Share Company and their
branches are located in Shashemene, Aris Negele and in other woreda
4.8 Revenue
Table 4.10 Domestic Revenue Analysis by item of Revenue: Woreda – west Arsi zone
Item of revenue 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
=1+2+3+4 Items of Domestic revenue 1681720 7259250 13045080
1 Tax revenue 932900 4001450 7509850
1.1 Tax on income, profit and Capital 806010 3435220 6304520
Gain
1.2 Non Metallic Mineral Products 82330 28900 50520
1.3 Other Goods 24620 105200 788900
1.4 Telecommunication 17500 23280 1900
1.5 Commission Agent 2430 408850 333370
1.6 Consultancy - - 30640
2 Non tax revenue 730110 3186650 5436520
2.1 Administrative Fees and Changes 157910 276690 459950
2.2 Sales of Public Goods and Services 308200 1890270 2213660
2.3 Government investment income 400 7250 13840
Page 37
2.4 Miscellaneous revenue 263600 1011240 2749070
3 Contribution to Pension Fund - 120 -
4 Capital revenue 18720 71030 98710

Total 4.11 Budget of zonal sector office
Description 1999 2000 2001
Budget supplement Budget supplement Budget supplemen

t
General Service 5,777,789 242,222.18 10,159,740 13,529,239 1,463,500
1,874,584
Economic Services 4,021,822 - 6,182,562 11,822,772 -
155,490.3
Social Services 13,337,688 1,154,863.04 16,021,634 26,958,785 630,033
360,060
Total 1,397,085.22 52,310,796 2,093,533
23,137,299 32,363,936 2,390,134.6
4.12 Recurrent Expenditure Analysis of zonal sector office
Description 1999 2000 2001
General Service 7,561,715.07 14,569,662.32 17,940,139.7
Economic Services 3,881,865.43 4,858,661.22 9,971,681.28
Social Services 16,984,028.42 23,974,210.58 27,446,547.73
Total 28,427,608.92 43,402,534.12 55,358,368.71
Table 4.13 Total Amount of Domestic revenue collected in the woreda
Name of districts 1999 2000 2001
Adaba 11770720 16198060 18206500
A/Nagele 14657380 22629210 23208130
G/Hasasa 11494460 18998620 25858550
Kore 6112020 9799530 12776590
Kofale 10511060 14173550 14950600
Kokosa 8430220 12479180 14601270
Shala 7123140 11504090 13288450
Page 38
Siraro 6757980 9261420 10865170
Shashamane 14235650 20336570 21645280
Nansabo 7592410 9981880 12244920
Dodola 10855890 16338080 18253060
Total 123779340 1876871100 209191650
Table 4.14 Recurrent Expenditure Analysis in the woreda
Type of Expenditure 2000 2001
Salary Operating Total Salary Operating Total
Expenditur Expenditure
e
General Service
24,024,136 3,586,345 27,610,481 33,367,200 6,640,852 40,008,052
Economic Services
1779802 18290809 20070611 21,758,034 2,249,942 24007976
Social Services
69,757,620 3,534,574 73,292,194 91065298 4174441 95239739
Total
95,561,558 25,411,728 120,973,286 146,190,532 13,065,235 159,255,767
Table 4.15 Capital Expenditure Analysis in the woreda
Type of 1999 2000 2001
Expenditure
General Service 1,843,000 1,686,000
1,329,257
Economic Services 1,720,000 1,957,000
4,698,769
Social Services 1,304,000 3420000
4,873,853
Total
4,867,000 6,988,000 10,901,879
4.9 Tourism
Tourism is smokeless industry comprising a number of tangible and intangible components. The
tangible elements include transport systems such as air rail, water and new space, hospitality services
accommodation foods and beverages, tours souvenir related services such as banking, insurance and
safety and security. The intangible elements include rest, relaxation and different experience.
There are three elements of tourism:-
Page 39
 Transport
 Locate
 Accommodation,
West Arsi zone has better opportunities for the development of tourism economy. However, due to
lack of promotion and tourist amenities like standard hotels and other social infrastructures, tourism
economy is not yet developed in the zone. Similarly, meaningful survey and study are not conducted
to assess tourist attraction sites potential of the zone.
. West Arsi zone are many attraction Location Such as Shala Abiyat National park, Bale Mountain
National park, Sinkel National Park and Lake Shala National Park which could be considered as
reserved area for wildlife. Those parks largely constitute variety of wildlife ranging from small sized
different birds to big mammals. Among variety of wildlife in the districts Duiker, warthog, Hyena,
man goose, Nyala, monkey, swains, hartebeests, greater kudu, Cheetah, and Ape.
4.10 Benefits of tourism
If this attraction site properly managed and used, it benefit the district and as well as for the country
as whole.
The following lists are most benefits of tourism.
 New Employment opportunity.
 Diversity and stability of local economy.
 A source of additional revenue.
 Improvement of local living standard.
 Conservation of natural and cultural heritage.
Table4.16 Tourist attraction centers of Arsi West zone by type
Name of the Attraction site Wereda Type of the site* It’s situation**
Its distance/km/ from
Finfinne Capital of the zone
Bale Mountain National Adaba 225 25 Natural forest
park Underdeveloped
Shala Abiyat National park Arsi Nagele 225 25 Lake and
different types Underdeveloped
of brides
NA Dodola NA NA NA NA
Kaka Mountain, G/Asasa 290-315 115
Asabi Cave,Water fall Underdeveloped
NA Kofale NA NA NA NA
Gamo- Abbaa Ambo, Kokosa 367 117 Historical and
Page 40
Silancho Water fall Underdeveloped
NA Dodola town
Millennium park,Shashe Shashemene town 245 1 Historical, Exellent, at
Mountain,Botanical Garden cultural , man intiantbstage etc
and Dida Boke Recreation made eco-
center museum and
youth recreation
center
Stone Caves Nansabo 389 139 Natural Built Good
Cave
Kaka park,Kumbi park and kore 310 60 Ape and jaldesa Good
duro park
Lake Shala National Park Shala 281 250 Lake and
different types Underdeveloped
of brides
NA Shashamane
Sinkel National Park Siraro 302 52 swains
Underdeveloped
Source: Districts Agricultural development office
4.11 Sport activities and facilities in the zone - Football, Volleyball and Athletics are types of sport
activities in the zone. However, there are no well-organized sport facilities in the woreda.
4.12 Trade activities - Off farm activities like trade, carpentry, handcrafts, pottery, etc are not yet
developed especially in the rural areas of the zone. The majority of the population of the zone is
agrarian. Trading activity is mostly carried out in urban areas. Hence trading is an economic activity
for the majority of urban population.
4.13 Development Activities

There are many development activities on going in the zone by government, non-government and
community. These include, construction of schools, health infrastructures like Dodola Hospital,
health posts and health centers in different districts, water scheme development, animal health posts,
environmental protection (Soil and water conservation), road construction and maintenances and
other similar activities.
Page 41
5.1 Problems and Potentialities
5.1.1 Problems
The major economic problems of the zone are low productivity of agricultural sectors due to high
cost, delay and insufficient supply of agricultural inputs, prevalence of animal diseases, high
unemployment rate, low saving due to high dependency and vulnerability to drought and famine,
lack of experiences on non-farm income generating activities, etc major environmental problems are
high soil erosion due to high deforestation, over grazing, over cultivation and miss use of land
resources in general. The main cause of environmental degradation of the zone is population
pressure.
The major social problems are uneven distribution of socio-economic infrastructure, shortage of
trained man-power, low coverage of clean water and health services, lack of self hygiene and
environmental sanitation, which result into high prevalence of communicable diseases, prevalence of
sexual transmitted diseases such as HIV, etc.
5.1.2 Potentials
Regarding potentialities of the zone, the zone has high potential for livestock and poultry and fishery.
More over, the zone has highly suitable climatic condition and fertile soil for the production of
different types of crops, natural, historical and cultural tourist attraction potentials, highly suitable
lands for irrigation (especially in lowlands), high labor power for an expansion of labor intensive
industries, high potential of exportable items such as hides and skins, coffee, local cash crops (oil
seeds and spices), etc.
Currently Arsi zone is divided into 11 woreda, including two especially town namely Dodola and
Shashamane administrative towns. The zone again sub-divided into 325 administrative kebeles of
which 10 are urban administrative kebeles.
Page 42
1. Introduction
It is obvious that with out having enough and reliable information and data about the earths natural
and cultural land escapes, it is difficult to prepare meaningful developmental plan. Therefore, the
main objectives of this document are to present compiled information concerning physical and socio-
economic condition of the woreda and its development constraints.
2. Location and Size

The Adaba woreda was administered in 1949E.C. The woreda is found in the East part of West
Arsi zone. Astronomically the district is located 2300m within an area of 1621.52km.2 the woreda is
98kms from West Arsi Zone and 353kms from Finfine. The woreda shares boundary with in Gadab
Asasa in the North, Nensabo in the South, Dinsho in the East and Dodola in the West. The
administrative center of the woreda is Adaba.
Page 43
Geology
About 30% of the woreda is flat plain, while about 70% is rugged terrain which including valley
gorges, hills, and dissected plateaus. The well known mountainous are Sabisibe, Baranda, and Duro.
3. Climate
Adaba Woreda is divided into two agro-climate zones mainly due to variation in altitude. This great
variation of temperature provides wide opportunities for the production of different types of crops.
It is dominantly characterized by Dega (about 88 percent) followed by woina Dega (about 12
percent) annual temperature. Cool/cold type of thermal zone is found in the highland areas of
Mountain Darkina (3899m), Mountain Morabowa (3804m), Kaka and mountain Kawa Guracha
(3802m). The category of Badda Dare temperature is found in the low land areas of Meribo, Nanesha,
Lelliso, Wachekore, Furuna and Arba. It is also found in the Wabe Shebele river valley.
The mean annual temperature of the Woreda is found between 2-130c in the high land area and 16-
240c in the low land area However, there is a slight variation of temperature from month to months.
Table 2.2 Thermal zone classification
Altitude Annual mean Description Area (%) Typical crops

temp Conventional Afan Oromo
Kolla Gammoojji 0
2400 – 16-240c Weina Dega Badda Daree 12 Maize , Haricot bean
2500m ,wheat, Teff, Horse bean,
1900-3899m 2-130c Dega Baddaa 88 Maize, Sorghum, Barely,
wheat, Chickpea, oat,
Teff, Lentils Enset
Vegetables
Source: Agricultural &Rural development office of Adaba woreda
2.4 Means Annual Rainfall – The maximum rain fall of month is August (Nehase) with 742mm, the
driest month is January (Tire). The coldest month is December (Tehisas) with 130C and 20C average
and minimum Temperature respectively.
Page 44
While April (Miyazia) is the hottest month with 160C average annual temperature and 240C
maximum temperature.
Unlike the great majority of the district it is characterized by single seasonal rainfall i.e. summer rain
fall with July, August and September in high concentration rain fall.
On average, the woreda gets annual mean rainfall of Maximum 2600-3280mm, Average 2200-3000,
and Minimum 2000-2500mm.
2.5 Relief
The northern part of the Adaba woreda dominated by flat plain which ranges with the 2400m -2500m
contour lines. Approximately this flat plain covers 30% of the district topography. While the southern
part belong rugged and massif mountain range
(Part of Bale massif) which approximate includes 62% of the relief of the woreda. The remaining 8%
includes the valleys, gorges, hills and dissected plateaus.
The mountain ranges which form the water shade for wabe and Gannale River, basis as consists
number of well known peaks which includes, mountain Darkina (3899m) mountain Morabowa
(3804m), mountain Gamon (3808m) mountain Kawa Gurracha (3802m).
The highest elevation in the district is situated on the mountain range with maximum
Peak of mountain Darkina (3899m) while, the lowest point located in the upper Wabe Shebele little
below Melka Wakena dam with 1900m counters lines2.6 Drainage Pattern
The majority of the Woreda rivers drained to Wabe Shebele rivers basin, Unlike the rivers of
neighboring woreda, the over whelming rivers of Adaba woreda contributed for the irrigation
purpose, river Maribo, Nanisha ,Furuna,Arba and Ashiro are extensively under the both traditional
and modern irrigation system.
Table 2.3 Number of major Rivers in Adaba woreda

All Weather River Wet Season River
Maribo Maribo
Nanesho Nanesho
Lelliso Lelliso
Wachekore Wachekore
Furuna Furuna
Page 45
Arba Arba
Maribo
Nanesho
Source: Agricultural &Rural development office of Adaba woreda
2.7 Soils
According to the data obtained from Adaba Woreda, Natural resource and land Administration
Department larger portion of the woreda, i.e. about 486.45 km2 lie under Calcichernognis, 162.15km2
lie under Pellic verti soil 729.7 km2lie under Eutric combin soil while, the remaining 243.215km2 lie
under Orthuc Luvi soil and Chromic Zuvi soil.
Table 2.4 the major soil types available in Adaba woreda

Soil types Approximate Toporagraph
Calcichernognis 30% North flat plain
Pellic verti soil 10% Central flat the Terrain
Orthuc Luvi soil 11% On the proper stay plane to the mountain
range
Chromic Zuvi soil 4% On some area of mountain range
Eutric combin soil 45% On the southern mountain range
Source; from Natural resource and land Administration Department.
2.8 Vegetation
2.8.1 Natural Vegetation- Nature of the natural of vegetation of Adaba Woreda ranges from wooded
grass land to afro alpine. Alpine, Afro and sub Afro Alpine vegetation provides in the area above
3100m sea level of the woreda. The abundant found the south east of the woreda on the top of
mountain ranges because of the climatic condition only low bush taught grasses, of lichens are
common species. Below the Afro Alpine and sun Afro- Alpine there are broad leafed forests which
dominated by Juniperus, Podocarpus, hagena Abyssinica sparsely distributed leafed tree species. In
addition to the above tree types there are sparse lover of prundinh & Aningeria forest. Farther more,
there is shrub and bush which highly dominated by “Asta” species.
Page 46
Though, the actual area covered by the natural vegetation exactly does not know it was estimated
about 56492.7hectare which includes light forest wounded land, and in band bush, even though, the
rate of deforestation during the fallen of “Degree” reaches at climate stage. Now a day the degree of
interference was declining.
Table 2.5 Climatic climax vegetation of Adaba woreda

No Class type Vegetation type Area
km2 %
1 Afro alpine and Sub Afro alpine
2 Coniferous forest Juniperus NA NA
3 Coniferous forest Podocarpus NA NA
4 Broadleaf forest Arundinaria NA NA
5 Broadleaf forest Aningeria NA NA
6 Woodland and Savannah Juniperus NA NA
7 Woodland and Savannah Acacia NA NA
8 Grassland Cenchrus ciliaris NA NA
9 Grassland Chrysopogon ancheria NA NA
10 Total 5666.94 34.8
2.8.2 Government Protected Forest

Table 2.6 Size of natural and man made forests protected by government
Year Name of forest Location Natural Man made
project (Hectare) (Hectare) Total %
1999 Adaba forest project Adaba 4827.75 839.19 5666.94 34.8
2.9 Wild Life

There are different types and endemic species of wiled animal in Adaba woreda associated with the
natural forest which forms their natural habitant. Since the destruction of natural forest, which also
Page 47
meant the destructions of wild life’s Most of wild animal have restricted to the forest area and some
of them are migrated to the neighboring woreda (Arenna, Buluf,Nansabo,Dinsho and Goba) to over
come this effect the ‘Bale mountain national park “ territorial area is extended to the Woreda. Four
peasant association namely Wege Areana, Meskel Aricho, Komo, and Bucha partly the part of the
Bale mountain national Park. In addition to park due attention is given to in controlled measure and
extend of reserve area.
There are a variety of wild life namely, monkey, Gurezla, Durker and has enchantment of different
types of Birds are abundantly found in the Adaba Woreda
The natural vegetation of an area is determined mainly by the altitude, temperature, amount of
rainfall and parent material from which the soil has been derived and type of human interference. Its
coverage and composition also changes over time due to human activities.
3 Socio-Economic Conditions
3.1.1 Population
Population: - is the total number of inhabitants living in a given geographic area for a specific point in
time.
3.1.2 Demographic process; a continuous change in the size of population is due to Mortality,
Fertility, Migration.
According to the projection made from the 1999 Population and Housing census, the total population
of Adaba woreda was 157640 and 173712 in the year 1999 and 2001 respectively. The urban
population of the Adaba was accounted 15.5 percent of the total population during the 2001 year.
Female accounted for about 49.9 percent of the urban and 48.6 percent of the rural population.
Table 3.1 Population of Adaba woreda by sex and place of residence
Year Rural Urban Total
1999 75829 70651 146480 5603 5557 11160
81432 76208 157640
2000 79122 73720 152842 5836 5788 11624
84958 79508 164466
2001 6070 6020 12090
83216 78406 161622 89286 84426 173712
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3.1.3 Dependency Ratio
Dependency ratio is the dependent population per economically active section of the population (age
15-64 years).
Table 3.2 the age group of Adaba Woreda
The age Percent
group Rural Urban Total
0 -14 50 48.6 34.2 35.5 34.8 49.2 47.7
49.3 48.45
15 - 64 46.4 48.6 63.1 61.3 62.2 47.4 49.5
47.5 48.45
65+ 3.6 2.8 2.7 3.2 3 3.4 2.8
3.2 3.1
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Source: W/A/F&E/D/O statistical abstract
average household size of the woreda is 7 person per household for the woreda, which is 6 for urban
and 8 for rural per household.
3.1.5 Sex Ratio - the over all sex ratio of in Woreda is estimated to be about 106 males per 100
per 100 females.
3.1.6 Population Density; - the crude population density (the ratio of total population to total area)
The woreda was 101 people per km2 in 2006/07) and it was increased to 111 persons per km2, in the
year 2008/09.
Table 3.3 Crude and agricultural density of the Adaba woreda
1 2 3 4 5 6=2/4 7=3/5
1998 157430 82952 1621.52 - 97 -
1999 163857 79286 1621.52 761 101
201
2000 75383 1621.52 761 105
170683 209
2001 82952 1621.52 961 111
179712 174
Source; from Natural resource and land Administration Department
Page 49
3.2. Environmental condition
3.2.1Agriculture
Agriculture is the business of food production the history of agriculture crop production begins as
observed the germination of the seed dropped from a tree produce the same seed as the mother tree.
The first activities of Agriculture in all country is to produce food stuffs to meet the economic
demand and where possible also the human needs of the population. However, it is characterized by
lack of access to modern technology, lack of information, low productivity dependency on rain fall,
result the sector is remained substance (from hand to mouth) in its nature. However, the district is
potential rich particularly for farming practice its àgro climatic condition (dominates by cool (alpine)
88% and Badda dare (sub tropical 12%). This makes the woreda suitable for cereals crops such as teff,
wheat, Barely and Oats. Among these cereals wheat covers the largest portion of cultivated land.
3.2.2Name of Farmers Service Cooperatives and Members
In Adaba woreda, there were 15 farmers’ services cooperative with 4688 member (9.8% females) in
the year 2008/09
Table 3.4 Name of FSC, Members and Capitals
Year of Registered FSC 2008/09 2008/09

Name of FSC Member Capital
15 Male Female Total Running Fixed Total
1999 Birbirsa 365 12 353413 9526

377 362939
1999 Sako 174 12 44018 538
186 44556
1998 Fonosh 423 4 135956 14879
427 150835
1998 Garadilo 548 49 124289 9381
597 133670
1999 Chofira 389 10 18378 6596
399 24974
1999 Hakoo 526 24 308060 14146
550 322206
1999 Gadedo 250 1 13765 -
251 13765
1999 Sole 189 6 3379 -
195 3379
1997 Washo 113 7 166025 31554
120 197579
1998 Furuna 334 39 317892 3196
373 321088
1999 Bucha 300 23 54055 8315
323 62370
Page 50
1998 Maribo 270 35 57369 9836
305 67205
1999 Haro Hunte 209 34 40696 5835
243 46531
1999 Hunte Alola 123 5 23124 -
128 23124
2000 Baseta 17 197 29128 1175
214 30303
Total 1689547 114976
4230 458 4688 1804523
Source: Cooperatives office of Adaba woreda

Adaba is considered as food self-sufficient area. However, there are households that have food
insecurity problem. The severity of the problem varies from year to year depending on rainfall
condition. It also varies from district to district, as result all district are not equally vulnerable to
drought.
Amount of aid by type No of beneficiaries
Year Grain(qt) Pulses (qt) CSF(qt)* Oils(Dez)
2006/07 0 2400 137.14 129.6 16000
2007/08 392 3866 390 174 18660
3.2.4 Land Resources by use
Land use is dynamic because of population pressure and socio-economic changes. Due to this
shortage of data we cannot indicate these changes.
Table 3.6 Land use/cover of Adaba Woreda
No Land use Type Km2 Percent
Total land Uses 1621.52 100
2 Cultivable land 9.61 0.59
3 Under State farm 20.52 1.26
4 Pasture land 142.42 8.78
5 Vegetation cover ( forest , bush shrub and woody land) 551.93 34.034
6 Degraded , rigged , lift river course(unutilized land) 451.38 27.83
7 Swampy and marsh 11.86 0.73
8 Water body 32.8 2.02
Page 51
9 Settlement Area 45.78 2.82
3.2.5 Crop Production
Crop is a plant or a collection of plants produced artificially or naturally for the benefit or service
of man. Climates factors like, rain fall, market, social factors, and availability of labor determines crop
production.
All the mentioned above available in Adaba woreda the weather condition also suitable for the
production of crops such as teff, wheat, Barely, and Oats. Adaba woreda most known by production
of Annual Crops
3.2.6 Crop production of peasant holding - The major food crops produced in the Adaba Woreda
are cereals, pulses, oil seeds and others. Among cereals, teff, barley and wheat are the pre-dominant
and among pulses horse beans and field peas are grown widely. Other crops include vegetables, root
crops and stimulants are also grown in the woreda.
Table 3.7 Estimates of area cultivated and production of major crops
No Major 1999/2000 2000/2001

crops
Cereal Cult (ha) 600 24898.7 25498.7
s
Prod (qt) 6035
Teff Cult (ha) 0 2250 2250 0 2535 2535
1 Prod (qt) 0 14579 0 15210 15210
14579
Wheat Cult (ha) 0 13213.7 13213.7 0 12203 12203
2 Prod (qt) 0 238879 0 170842 170842
238879
Barley Cult (ha) 600 8136 8736 650 7408 8058
3 Prod (qt) 6035 87750 6538 74080 86618
20614
Oats Cult (ha) 0 1099 1099 0 1251 1251
4 Prod (qt) 0 8160.3 0 9383 9383
8160.3
Sorgh Cult (ha) 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 um Prod (qt) 0 0 0 0 0
0
Maize Cult (ha) 0 200 200 0 30 30
6 Prod (qt) 0 3444 0 900 900
3444
Pulses Cult (ha) 0 0 0
Page 52
Prod (qt) 0 0 0
Lentil Cult (ha) 0 104 104 141 141
s Prod (qt) 0 532.96 846 846
780 532.96
Horse Cult (ha) 0 0 0 0 1041 1041
1 beans Prod (qt) 0 0 10410 10410
0 0
Chick Cult (ha) 590 0 663 663 0 555 555
2 peas Prod (qt) 0 16500 0 6660 6660
10030 16500
Field Cult (ha) 837 0 1502 1502 0 1043 1043
3 peas Prod (qt) 0 9161 0 12516 12516
10044 9161
Haric Cult (ha) 1020 0 0 0 0 0
4 ot Prod (qt) 0 0 0 0
beans 16320 0
Cult (ha) 0 1517 0 1318 1318
5 Vetch 880 1517
Prod (qt) 15840 0 21310 21310 0 35488 35488
Cult (ha) 3923 0 0 0
Oil Prod (qt) 0 0
Seed 27059 0
Cult (ha) 26 0 14 14 0 100 100
1 Niger Prod (qt) 0 63 0 400 400
seed 130 63
Cult (ha) 0 0 0 0 4819 4819
2 Linsee Prod (qt) 0 0 24095 24095
d 0 0
Cult (ha) 3897 0 3343 3343 0 110 110
3 Rapes Prod (qt) 0 14780 0 1210 1210
eed 26929 14780
Cult (ha) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 Sea- Prod (qt) 0 0 0 0 0
same 0 0
Source: Agricultural and rural development office of Adaba woreda
3.2.7 Hunte State Farm
No Major 1999/2000 2000/2001

crops
Cereals Cult (ha) 0 21136 21136 0 1784.18 1784.18
1 Prod (qt) 0 154993 0 24711 24711
154993
Wheat Cult (ha) 0 21136 21136 0 1784.18 1784.18
2 Prod (qt) 0 154993 0 24711 24711
154993
Pulses Cult (ha) 0 2.08 2.08 0 16.67 16.67
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3 Prod (qt) 0 3.35 3.35 0 28.3 28.3
Lentils Cult (ha) 0 2.08 2.08 0 16.67 6.67
4 Prod (qt) 0 - - 0 28.3 28.3
Cult (ha) 0 - - 0 93.78 93.78
5 Rapeseed
Prod (qt) 0 - - 0 129.43 129.43
Cult (ha) - - 2.25 2.25
6 Linseed
Prod (qt) - - 4.35 4.35
Adaba woreda has one modern state farming system. The total area under the state farms 2051.85ha
which developed about 1.4% of total production of the woreda. It established on flat plain which has
fertilities soil and suitable relief for farming activities
Table 3.8 Crop production of State farm holding


actual amount utilized by the farmers of the woreda, because some farmers might buy from private
traders. The given data represents only amount distributed by woreda cooperative and agricultural
office.
farmers
YEAR
No Type of inputs 1999/2000 2000/2001
1 Fertilizers 3140 3343.5
DAP (Quinn) 3140 3343.5
UREA(Quinn) - -
2 Improved seed 416.5 382.80
wheat (quin) 408.5 379.75
barley (quin) 8 NA
Maize (quin) NA 3.5
3 Pesticides(Lit) 3310 3568
Pesticides(kg) - -
Page 54
Herbicides(lit) - -
Source: Farmers Service Cooperatives office of Adaba woreda
Table 3.10 Agricultural inputs used by Hunte state farm

YEAR
No Type of inputs 1998/1999 1999/2000 2000/20001
1 Fertilizers 2952.5 2978.25 2869
1.1 DAP (Quinn) 2228 2279.5 2869
1.2 UREA(Quinn) 724.5 698.75 0
2 Improved seed 3129.38 2650 760
2.1 wheat (quin) 2628 2425 760
2.2 barley (quin) 501.38 225 NA
2.3 Maize (quin) NA NA NA
3 Pesticides(Lit) NA NA NA
4 Pesticides(kg) NA NA NA
5 Herbicides(lit) 1955.33 165233 876
6 Tablet Doz NA 6.65 1.86
Source: Farmers Service Cooperatives office of Adaba woreda
Fallowing, crop rotation, manure and chemical fertilizers are employed to maintain soil fertility. On
the other hand, planting trees, check dam construction, terrace and contour plowing are the major
method employed for soil conservation.
3.2.10 Agricultural Activities Calendar of the Adaba Woreda
harvesting vary depending on the agro-climatic and type of crops.

Page 55
Average ox-holding size of the farmers according to the data obtained from the Agricultural and
rural development office.
Table 3.12; Average ox-holding size of the farmers.

Number of oxen Number of farmers
1999 2000 2001
0 2630 3452 4321

1 4071 4432 5451
2 3542 3619 4210
3 4523 4567 4851
4 and above 3654 3782 3812

Currently, there are about 4 NGOs operating in the woreda and they participated on different
communities integrated development activities.
Table 3.13 Name of NGO, sector, Location and No of beneficiaries in Adaba woreda
Name of NGO Major areas of Location No of
interventions/sect beneficiaries
or
Farm Africa and SOS shale Agriculture Adaba 91777
Ethiopia Evangelical Church Mekane Integrated Adaba 24396
yesus
Education Adaba 1800
Ethiopia Catholic church Integrated 210471
women 275
Hope for destitute women & children Social affairs Adaba 400
development association Women Adaba 26396
Source: w/a/f&e/d/o statistical abstracts
3.2.11 Major Agriculture Constraints in the woreda
Page 56
Agriculture is mainly subsistence in character and is limited by different factors like too much or too
little rainfall, exhaustion of the fertility of the soil, primitive methods and techniques of practice, crop
pests and diseases, high cost of agricultural inputs, etc.
3.2.12 Livestock and poultry
Adaba has high potentialities for livestock rearing. However, the society gives more emphasis to
quantity than quality due to lack of awareness and animal health infrastructure. Therefore, the
benefit that the society gets from their livestock is very low compared to their cost. The major
livestock feeds in the woreda are common grazing land and crop residues
Table 3.14 Number of livestock population
Year Cattle Sheep Goats Mules Horse Donkey Camel Poultry

2005/06/ 191242 51512 25640 1573 13318 12615 0 NA
2006/07 194015 51243 26153 1584 13451 12691 0 49532
2007/08 194302 53068 26178 1589 13837 12741 0 49080
2008/09 255464 66017 31978 1869 18029 17592 0 64182
3.2.13 Lives tock Diseases
The major animal diseases known in the woreda are viral or bacterial born diseases such as
Rinderpest, Tuberculosis, and Anthrax and Hemorrhagic septicemia. There are also endo-parasites
and nutritional deficiency diseases due to shortage of grazing lands during winter season.
Table 3.15 Number of Animal health services by type and number
TREATMENT 1999 2000 2001
 Trypansomiasis 467 449
 Internal parasite 25412 27248
 External parasite 3790 842
 Others (specify)
1. Wound dressing 0 6
2. Surgery (open Castration) 8 41
3. Infection 5741 1588
3.2.14 Livestock Health Services
Veterinary Personnel 1998 1999 2000 2001
 Veterinarian doctor
-Foreign 0 0 0
Page 57
- Ethiopian 3 3 7 11
 Animal health assistants 0
0 0 0
 Technicians 0 0 0 0
 Assistant Technicians 2 1 4 8
 Vaccinators
 Meat inspectors 1 2 3 3
 Clinics(total)
A-Type 0 0 0 0
B-Type 0 0 0 0
C-Type 1 1 1 1
Non-standard 0 0 0 0
 Health posts 3 3 3 4
2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
The role of Agricultural Development Agent (DA) in facilitating the application of modern
agricultural inputs and creating awareness among the farmers is very large and crucial. Accordingly,
there are DAs in the woreda as it could be seen from the table below.
Year 1998 1999 2000 2001
Number of DA’s 47 86 79 80
crop is difficult. The districts face soil erosion problems due to lack of forest conservation. The people
use different methods and techniques to conserve the soil such as, trace conservation, land
There are several constraints of agricultural in the Woreda. Shortage of agricultural input, low soil
fertility, low level of farmers’ knowledge or consciousness regarding utilization of modern
agricultural in put, market economy, shortage of farm land, serious soil erosion and very low saving
practices or habits are some of the major constraints of agricultural in the woreda.
3.2.16 Mining and Industry
Page 58
3.2.16.1 Mineral-The mineral deposits of the woreda are not fully investigated or studied. However,
different writers indicate that the geological background of woreda provide favorable conditions for
the occurrence of varieties of minerals. The depositions of the well-known Non metalic mineral
resources are usually associated with old crystalline rocks. However, there is no clear indication for
the formation of this type of rock in the woreda. Currently among the mineral endowment of the
Adaba the following are the identificatied potential of mineral resource
Table 3.18 Name of the Minerals, type, Location, use and Status of mining
Name of the Minerals Type Location Use Status of
mining
Dimension Stone Non metallic Ejera and Bucha Tiles and Manual
building
Sand Non metallic Haro wabe Basin and Melka Tiles and Manual
wakena building
Rocky Sand Non metallic Lelliso River, Selected
Furana,Bucha,Geradilo and material
Meribo river construction
Source: Field survey
3.2.16.2 Industry- The development of the industrial sector can play a great contribution in creating
job opportunity, income generation, utilizing the locally available raw materials and improving the
Table 3.19 Include coffee processing machines, blocket and bread and cake industries
Industry Description 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
Food Industry Number 0 0 0
Capital (‘000Birr) 0 0 0
Employees 0 0 0
Wood work and Metal Number NA 5 5
Capital(Birr) NA 30000 30000
Employees NA NA NA
Grain mill Number 35 39 39
Capital(Birr) 10,000,000 10,000,000 10,000,000
Employees NA NA NA
Coffee processing machine Number 0 0 0
Capital(Birr) 0 0 0
Employees
Blocket Industry Number NA 1 1
Capital(Birr) NA NA NA
Page 59
Employees NA NA NA
Oil processing machine Number 2 3 3
Employees NA NA NA
Number
Total Capital(Birr)
Employees
Source: Revenue office of Adaba woreda
3.2.16 Road Access
The woreda has a distance of 98kms and 353 km from Shashamane and Finfine respectively.
Table 3.20 Name of road with initial and final point, Dry whether road, Rural Gravel and Asphalt
Source: Rural road office
No Name of road with Woreda Name of PAs Dry Whether Rural Gravel Gravel Asphalt
initial and final point road (km) (km) Road
1 Adaba - Bucha Adaba Bucha 6 0 0 0

2 Adaba - Alola Adaba Alola 0 0 0 0
3 Adaba - Hunxe Adaba Hunxe 0 0 0 0
4 Furuna - Koma Adaba Koma 3 0 0 0
5 Washa - Sole Adaba Sole 0 0 0 0
6 Gadedo - Aboma Adaba Aboma 0 0 0 0
7 Konsho - Hako Adaba Hako 7 0 0 0
8 Birbirsa - Sako Adaba Birbirsa 8 0 0 0
9 Birbirsa -Ilasa Adaba Ilasa 12 0 0 0
10 Hako - Garadilo Adaba Hako 5 0 0 0
11 Bucha - Wege Adaba Wege 0 0 0 0
12 Ose - Gama Adaba Gama 0 0 0 0
13 Adaba - Bubisa Adaba Bubisa 0 0 0 0
14 Adaba - Lajo Adaba Lajo 0 63 0 0
15 Adaba - Maskal Adaba Maskal 0 0 25 0
16 Jaganbo - Gadedo Adaba Gadedo 0 4 0 0
3.2.17 Communications access
Page 60
The woreda has digital and agent postal service that helps for provision of communication service for
all the woreda people with in others area.
are firewood, animal dung charcoal and farm residue both in rural and urban areas of the woreda,
minimize the role of manures as natural fertilizer in the woreda. The modern energy sources are
electricity, biogas, fossil fuel and solar energy. Currently, from 22 kebele, 10 have been supplied with
electric power system while the remaining Kebele 22 gets from diesel power.
Table 3.21 Domestic energy supply of Adaba woreda
No Domestic energy supply Rank
Rural Urban
1 Fire wood 1 2
2 Crop residue 2 3
3 Dung 4 5
4 Charcoal 3 4
5 Electric 0 1
6 Diesel 5
Source: Mineral & Energy office of west Arsi zone office
Table 3.22 Number of town+ PAs having Electricity supply
Number of town +PAs Type of source %

23
Number of town +PAs supplied with Hydro 10 43
Electricity
Number of town+ PAs not supplied Diesel 13 57
with Electricity
3.2.19 Fuel service

Table 3.23 Fuel filling stations by location and capacity
Name of district Name of town Type of fuel Capacity in liters
station Benzene Kerosene Gasoline
Adaba Adaba Kobil 0 19000 36000
Source: field survey
3.2.7 Water Supply- About 100 percent of the urban and 12.35 percent of the rural population of the
woreda were supplied with potable water in the year 2008/09. The major sources of drinking water
Page 61
unprotected spring, pond, rivers well, lakes and tap water in their order of importance. Safe and
reliable water supply is most often restricted to urban centers.
Table 3.24 Number of deep wells, shallow wells, hand-dug wells, and spring development and
Water works 1998 1999 2000 2001

Deep wells 1 2 1 2
Shallow wells 9 11 11 11
Hand-dug wells 0 0 0 0
Spring development 8 9 9 11
Distribution schemes 1 2 2 2
2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
Source: woreda water supply office
Table 3.25 (Urban + Rural) Supplied with potable water in the Woreda
Years in population size of the woreda

Population access to potable water
E.C in percent
1999 146480 11160 157640 10 97 20
2000 152842 11624 164466 12.34 98.5 21
2001 161622 12090 173712 12.35 100 22.00

4 Educations
Education is fundamental to enhancing the quality of human life and ensuring social and economic
progress.
disparities of schools as a key strategy
Page 62
4.1 School Distribution
According to the data obtained from the district educational office in 1999 E.C there were15 first
primary cycles Schools (1-4), 25 second primary cycle Schools (5-8), and one high School (9-10) in
Adaba woreda. In 2000 the numbers of schools have been increased to 18 and 27 first primaries and
secondary primary school respectively.
2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
No Level of school Gov’t NGO Gov’t NGO Gov’t NGO Gov’t NGO
1 Kindergarten 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 0
2 Primary (1-8) 37 0 40 3 40 3 43 4
3 Secondary(9-10) 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
4 Technical/Vocational 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 Preparatory 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
Source: Adaba woreda Education offic
Page 63
Table 4.2 Number of Classroom by type and level of school
Level Type of 1998 1999 2000 2001

schools Rural urban Rural urban Total Rural urban Total Rural urban Tot
al
(1-8) Government 366 0 341 72 413 355 74 429 343 72 41
5
Non 0 0 6 7 13 6 8 14 10 7 17
Governmen
t
Total 366 0 347 79 426 361 82 443 353 79 43
2
(9-10) Governmen 0 22 0 27 27 0 28 28 0 32 32
t
Non 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Governmen
t
Total 0 22 0 27 27 0 28 28 0 32 32
(11-12) Governmen 0 6 0 6 6 0 8 8 0 12 0
t
Non 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Governmen
t
Total 0 6 0 6 6 0 8 8 0 12 0
Page 64
participation also increased from the previous years in the woreda. This show that the altitude of
Year
No School Level by sex 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
1 Kindergarten 255 381 413 439
Male 150 194 187 238
Female 135 187 226 199
2 Primary (1-8) 24382 24149 23588 22360
Male 14036 13581 12890 11912
Female 10346 10568 10698 10448
3 Secondary (9-10) 2408 2635 2333 2647
Male 1676 1666 1572 1757
Female 1676 769 761 890
4 Preparatory (11-12)
Male NA 226 261
Female 141 141
Male NA 119
Female NA 31

Year
2005/06 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
2006/07 58.58 38 48.18 NA NA 2.92 1.88 2.39
2007/08 65 45 82 NA NA 39.3 3 2 2.5
2008/09 89 71.62 80.31 NA NA 45 3.2 3.1
Source: Adaba woreda Education office
Page 65
Table 4.5 Number of teachers (1-12) by educational level and sex rural + urban
Level 1999(2006/07) 2000(2007/08) 2001(2008/09)
Mal Female Total Male Female Total Mal Femal Total
e e e
TTI and12+ 222 121 343 208 105 313
Diploma 109 25 134 138 45 183
12+4 and 29 5 34 40 5 45
BA/B.SC
Table 4.6 National examination and ESLCE result in government and NGOs school
No Grade level/sex 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08
1 Grade 8
1.1 Candidate 996 1173 1238 1444
Male 680 804 846 947
Female 316 369 392 497
1.2 Promoted 988 1118 1128 1169
Male 675 755 756 774
Female 313 363 372 395
2 Grade 10
2.1 Candidate
Male 314 414 475
Female 125 190 298
2.2 Promoted
<2.0
Male 54 95 183
Female 43 46 71
>2.0
3.3 Promoted >101 >201 >201 M> 175, F>150
Male 65 58
Female 21 16
Total 86 74
Source; west Arsi zone Education office

Since health is Avery indispensable necessity for his or her life. People in the district face different
drug vender.
Page 66
Table 4.8 Number of health institutions administrated under health Department
No Type of health institutions 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09

1 Health centers 2 2 2 2
2 Clinics 5 5 5 5
3 Health posts 7 9 15 17
4 Drug vender 1 1 1 1
5 Hospital 0 0 0 0
6 Pharmacies 0 0 0
7 Malaria 0 0 0 0
Number of People treated in health institutions 34796 100,000 150,000 185,000
Health Coverage (%) 35 42 61.60 73.84
Source: Adaba woreda Health office
Table 4.9 Number of health personnel by type of ownership

2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
No Health personnel Gov NGO Gov NGO Gov NGO Gov NGO
1 Doctors 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
2 Nurses 9 0 21 5 36 5 38 2
3 Health assistants 20 0 12 0 12 0 2 1
4 Health officers 1 0 2 0 2 0 2 0
5 Laboratory technicians 2 0 2 1 2 1 4 1
6 X-Ray technicians 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 Sanitarians 2 0 2 0 3 0 1 0
8 Community health agents 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 Pharmacists 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
10 Pharmacy technician 1 0 2 0 2 0 2 0
11 Junior health professionals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12 Extension 12 0 0 34 0 45 0
4.4 Health problems of the woreda -The major health problems are un even distribution of health
services, shortage of trained man-power, low coverage of clean water and health services, lack of self
hygiene and environmental sanitation, which result into high prevalence of communicable diseases,
prevalence of sexual transmitted diseases such as HIV, etc.
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Table 4.10 Five top ten diseases in the district by ranks in 1999 and 2000
Type of disease Number %
1999
1 Gastritis 4730 42.68
2 Intestinal 2900 26.16
3 Romanism STI 1235 11.15
4 Skin disease 1125 10.16
5 Common cold 1092 9.85
2000
2 Intestinal 936 14.6
3 Common cold 836 13
4 Lung problem 765 11.96
5 typhoid 420 6.53
4.5 Finance and Financial Institutions
Table 4.11 Amount of revenue collected by year and source of revenue
No Source of revenue 2006/07 2007/08
1 Direct taxes 1233355.5 1852075
Personal income tax(1101A)
Rental income tax(1101B)
Business income tax 238557.21 259900.66
Agricultural income tax 438592.67 641443.12
Capital gain 207753 493345.95
Land use fee
Charges and fees
Sales of goods and services
Investment income 331.32 331.32
Miscellaneous revenue
Page 68
Capital receipts
Ordinary revenue
Total revenue
2118258 3246765
Source: Adaba woreda Revenue office
Table 4.12 Amount of revenue collected by year
Domestic Revenue
1999 2000 2001
11770720 16198060 18206500

4.13 Recurrent Expenditure Analysis of Adaba woreda
Type of 2000 2001
Expenditure Salary Operating Total Salary Operating Total
Expenditure Expenditure
General Service 2183002 273034 2456036 3267951 498528 3766479
Economic 1441499 287648 1729147 1799986 392180 2192166
Services
Social Services 7713616 444439 8158855 1070355 531520 10601875
Table 4.14 Capital Expenditure Analysis of Adaba woreda
Type of Expenditure 1999 2000 2001
General Service 183000 127000 191496

Economic Services 378000 475000 311000
Social Services 117000 382000 316735
Total 819231
678000 984000
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4.6 Tourism
tangible elements include transport systems such as air rail, water and new space, hospitality services
accommodation foods & beverages, tours souvenir related services such as banking, insurance and
safety and security. The intangible elements include rest and relaxation culture adventure new and
different experience.
- Transport
- Locate
- Accommodation
4.6.1 Locate
Reveals the holiday destination and what it offers to tourist attraction. Adaba woreda has many
attraction locations such as, water fall, water spring, cave and high land.
4.6.2 Benefits of tourism
as whole.
 New Employment opportunity.
 Diversity and stability of local economy.
 A source of additional revenue.
 Improvement of local living standard.
 Conservation of natural and cultural heritage.
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Table 4.15 Existing Tourist attraction Site
Name of the
Attraction site Its distance/km/ from Type of the It’s
Wereda site* situation**
Finfinne Capital of
the zone
Hebo Adaba 354 109 Water fall Good

Kile Hada Berite Adaba 357 112 Water fall Good
Logomo Adaba 353 108 Water spring Good
Wadubata Adaba 375 130 Cave Good
Duro Adaba 365 120 High land Under
developed
Witicho Adaba 359 114 High land Under
developed
Ajemjema Adaba 357 112 High land Good
Source Adaba woreda Tourism office
4.7 Sport activities and facilities in the Woreda - Football, Volleyball and Athletics are types of sport
activities in the woreda. There are well-organized sport facilities in the woreda.
developed especially in the rural areas of the woreda. The majority of the population of the woreda is
agrarian. Trading activity is mostly carried out in urban areas. Hence trading is an economic activity
for the majority of urban population.
There are many development activities on going in the woreda by government, non-government
and community. These include construction of schools, health infrastructures like, health posts and
health centers in different peasant association, water scheme development, animal health posts,
Table 4.16 on going Development Activities in Adaba woreda in 2001
Type of Activities Woreda Peasant Total budget of year
association
Animal health post Adaba Maskal 200,000
FTC Adaba Abamo 135,000
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Adaba Koma 125,000
Man health post Adaba Hako 120,000
Adaba Shaya 120,000
construction of revenue office Adaba In Adaba town 100,000
Construction of Public mobilization Adaba In Adaba town 160,477
and labor affair office
Sako 25,000
Gededo 30,000
Koma Wixicho 20,000
water scheme development Adaba Hunte 35,000
Alola 35,000
Ejarsa Cumlugo 20,000
5 Problems and Potentialities

5.1.1 Problems
The major economic problems of the woreda are low productivity of agricultural sectors due to high
high soil erosion due to deforestation, over grazing, over cultivation and miss use of land resources
in general. The main cause of environmental degradation of the woreda is population pressure.
environmental sanitation, which result into high prevalence of communicable diseases, prevalence of
sexual transmitted diseases such as HIV, etc.
5.1.2 Potentials
The woreda has high potential for Agriculture and poultry. More over, the woreda has highly
suitable climatic condition and fertile soil for the production of different types of crops, natural,
historical and cultural tourist attraction potentials.
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1 Introduction
2.1 Location of Arsi Negele Woreda and Size
Arsi Negele occupies northern part of West Arsi zone. It extends from 380 25’E to 380 54’E longitude
and 070 09' to 070 42’N latitude. Within and area of 1838 km2
The woreda is far away 30km from West Arsi Zone and 220km from Finfine. The woreda shares
boundary with in Kofale in the South West, Adami Tulu in the North, Shala in the South West,
Kore in the West and Shashemene in the South West. The administrative center of the woreda is
Negele.
Source: O/F/&E/D/O statistical abstract
Page 73
Table 2.1 Name of peasant association, house hold, and Average family size
No Arsi Negele Total population of peasant House hold Averag
Association e family
Name of Peasant Male Female Total Male Femal Total size
Associations (PA) e
1 Xurge 3036 2923

5959 664 106 770 8
2 Dawe 3320 2742
6062 853 136 989 6
3 kararw 2343 2067
4410 556 98 654 7
4 Darera 2420 2489
4909 621 96 717 7
5 Mako 3545 3000
6545 837 128 965 7
6 Lephis 2730 2603
5333 755 109 864 6
7 Buku Walda 4450 6874
11324 1230 278 1508 8
8 Xuta 1943 1785
3728 583 98 681 5
9 Edo Jigesa 1838 1882
3720 558 83 641 6
10 Shaldo 3852 3242
7094 892 147 1039 7
11 Dagaga 4186 3472
7658 879 182 1061 7
12 Danshe 1920 1785
3705 490 84 574 6
13 Sayo Maja 3124 2940
6064 704 108 812 7
14 Daku Haro kadho 2490 2206
4696 662 78 818 6
15 Rutu Hargisa
1471 2099 3570 351 102 453 8
16 Maja
2020 1732 3752 396 96 492 8
17 Daka Dalu Harangama 2159 2865
5024 549 77 626 8
18 Cari Lalu 2535 2585
5120 680 64 744 7
19 Gale and kelo 1378 1297
2675 439 25 464 6
20 Ashoka 3999 3453
7452 882 123 1005 7
21 Ilala 1880 1910
3790 472 43 515 7
22 Sirba Lenda 1543 1168
2711 391 63 454 6
23 Mararo lita Wilo 2422 2194
4616 581 58 639 7
24 Adaba Xixa 2587 2342
4929 612 62 674 7
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25 Qadho Tulu 2370 1902
4272 718 54 772 6
26 AmbaGoda Sade 3293 2496
5789 639 64 684 8
27 Watara 2367 2353
4720 523 96 619 8
28 Alge 2668 2210
4878 840 62 902 5
29 Mudhi Arso 3750 4686
8436 997 143 1140 7
30 Shopha bultu 2336 2448
4784 681 99 780 6
31 Ali Woyo 1476 2913
4389 792 93 885 5
32 Godee Duro 5125 6175
11300 1318 176 1494 8
33 Gande gurate 3076 3565
6641 872 77 949 7
34 Shala bila 3678 3481
7159 977 57 1034 7
35 Sanbaro raqicha 6200 7538
13738 1456 252 1708 8
36 Bombaso Reji 2652 2821
5473 856 54 910 6
37 Basaku ilala 2015 3426
5441 782 83 865 6
38 Gambelto 3186 3052
6238 997 172 1169 5
39 Aga 1026 895
1921 386 36 422 5
40 Hadha Bojo 1926 1650
3576 485 86 571 6
41 GubataArjo 983 856
1839 334 53 387 5
42 Gorbi Arba 2846 2937
5783 1026 103 1129 5
43 karsa Gara 3766 3174
6940 823 118 941 7
Total
117930 120233 238163 31139 4322 35461 7
Source: Agricultural &Rural development office of Arsi Negele woreda
2.2 Geology of Arsi Negele Woreda

- The present surface rock distribution, the land configuration and other features of the woreda are
the result of the past geological history and tectonic movements in the upper mantle lithospheres
portion of the horn of Africa, which is tectonically part of the Afro Arabian land mass.
Geological Formation of an area has very important economic value; survey indicated that the district
is fallen under the tertiary volcanic of the trap series and magdala group that makes its conducive for
farming activities and extraction of constriction materials. Besides, there are also sedimentary
formations (lacustrine Sediments within the basin).
Page 75
Within basin of there are three big lakes –Langano,Abijata and Shala that rich with lacustrine
sediments .There are mineral resources include pumice ,and Salty soil, Soda ash, diatomite ,Salt etc
.There are also reserves of Soda ash and diatomite in the area . Among the industrial minerals soda
ash is the widely exploited in Abijata Soda Ash Enterprise and the caustic Soda factory
2.3 Climate
Arsi Nagele is divided in to three major agro- climatic woreda mainly due to variation in altitude.
This great variation of temperature provides wide opportunities for the production of
different types of crops range from warm to cool thermal woreda.
The mean annual temperature of the woreda is found between 75 in the Weina Dega and 15 Kolla
and10 Dega. However, there is a slight variation of temperature from month to month. October to
May is the hottest months while June to September is the coldest months.
Table 2.2 Thermal zone classification of Negele woreda

1500- 18-260c Kolla Gammoojji 15% Hairecotbean, Maize,
1600m Sorghum, Potato,Teff
1800- 14-210c Weina Dega Badda Daree 75% Maize , Haricot bean
2000m ,wheat, Teff, , And
Potato
2000- 10-170c Dega Baddaa 10% Barely
2300m
2.4 Means Annual Rainfall - The rainfall is weakly bi-modal with spring rainy season during the
months of April and May while summer along rainy season during the months of July, August and
September. Areas that have over 2000m .a.s.1 elevation access to high and fair distribution of annual
rainfall (900-1300mm). But the vast areas of the district (below 2000mm) have erratic and small
annual rainfall varies between 500 and 900mm.
2.5 Relief
Most parts of Arsi Negele woreda relief belong to aggradations plain and depression (the vast area of
north of Negele town) that have elevation ranges 1500 -2000m) While the southern part shares the
Page 76
floor shoulder of volcanic basalts that rise 200 -2500m the northeastern of the woreda topography
ranges with gara Duro (3095m) and others smaller hill like Fike, Lench Guda and Lencha Tiko, Tulu
Bila and Tulu Harogesa part of this massif
2.6 Drainage
The woreda has number major of river that originated from the eastern highland and empties to the
major lake (Langano, Shala and Abiyata). Some of major perennial rivers include Haro Kali’o
Gogessa, Lepheis Huluka, Gedamso Awede Jitu, Awede Gudo and Daba Gudo.
The major characters of the Woreda Rivers the first they start from the area of sufficient rainfall and
empties to lake crossing areas that have scarcity of rainfall. Second character is the economic values
of them are significant in the areas of sufficient rainfall.
Arsi Nagele has many lakes namely Abijata, Langano and Shala that used different purposes. Lake
Shalla has a total Surface area of 409km2 is the first largest lakes in the zone It is the Deepet Lake and
the most saline (alkaline lake) in the zone. It is the deepest lake and the most saline (alkaline Lake) in
the West Arsi rift floor. It has the highest reserve of soda ash mineral (estimated to be about 380
million tons). It is also used as a national park of birds (it also serves as a rift floor. It has a surface
area of 250km2. It is also rich in soda ash and the soda ash plant built close to the lake currently
extracts the mineral. Lake Langano is also another Lake on the floor of the rift. It has a surface area of
230km2. It is also Saline/Alkaline. It is among East Shoa Lakes with High fish potential.
Lakes Abijata and shalla form the Shalla: - Abijata National peak well known for its bird Species.
2.7 Soils
The type of soil is determined by the size and the distribution of soil particles. Larger portion of the
district is occupied by eutric cambisols seconded by chromic vertisols. On the other hand, chromic
and orthic luvisols are found south and southeastern part of the district, while central part of the
district is covered by mollic andosols. Smaller portion of the district is occupied by orthic solonchacks
Page 77
Page 78
2.8 Vegetation and Wildlife
2.8.1 Natural Vegetation-The natural vegetation cover of an area is determined mainly by the
altitude, temperature, amount of rainfall and parent material from which the soil has been derived
and type of human interference. Its coverage and composition also changes over time due human
activities.
According to some literatures and oral tells hundred years ago most parts of the Arsi Nagele woreda
was covered with dense and endogenous natural forest. However, due to an increase of demands for
cropland, woods for construction and firewood as a result of population growth, this type of forests
almost have been lost. Currently, only Arsi forest Enterprise, A State forest is some pockets of the
woreda that remain with very few limited natural And Man Made forest coverage. In the absence of
human being interference, Arsi Nagele Only 19% of the woreda was covered by forest that included
from Afro - Alpine to wooded grass land.
Table 2.3 Climatic climax vegetation of Arsi Negele woreda
km2 %

2 Coniferous forest Juniperus 14.11 4.8
3 Coniferous forest Podocarpus 21.16
7.3
4 Broadleaf forest Arundinaria 0
0
5 Broadleaf forest Aningeria 4.23
1.4
6 Woodland and Savannah Juniperus 0
7 Woodland and Savannah Acacia 250 86.3
8 Grassland Cenchrus ciliaris 0 0
9 Grassland Chrysopogon 0
10 Total 289.5 15.7
Government Protected Forest - There is one high priority forest development region with the total
area of more than 28950 hectares at Arsi forest Enterprise Most of these forests are natural and
indigenous species accounts for about (25031hectares) of the total area.
Arsi Nagele State forest with the total area of 28950 hectares of the total protected forest area is found
in Arsi Negele woreda.
Page 79
These forests are being decreasing from year to year both in coverage and composition due to illegal
and legal destruction. The illegal deforestation activities include forest clearing for expanding farm
lands, local lumber production, fire wood and charcoal production which are practiced by farmers.
Year Name of forest project Location Natural Man made
(Hectare) (Hectare) Total %
2000 Arsi forest Enterprise Arsi Negele 25031 3919 28950 12
2001 Arsi forest Enterprise Arsi Negele 25031 3919 28950 12

2.8.2 Wildlife
Oromia Region in general and Arsi zone in particular. However, due to uncontrolled hunting and
destruction of their natural habitat as a result of rapid population growth and related human
The district has one park which could be considered as reserved area for wild life which is called
Shala –Abijata National park which could be considered as reserved area for wild life particular for
bird of species suppose the parks largely constitute the water bodies of Shala and Abijata
Among variety of wild life of the district Cheetah, Hyena, Porcupine, Monkey, Ape, Olive Baboon,
Grant’s gazelle, Greater Flamingo, African Fish Eagle, Greater White Pelican and Bush Buck.
Page 80
3.1 Population
time.
→ Fertility
→ Mortality
→ Migration
of Arsi Nagele woreda was 248187and 292491 in the year 1997 and 2001 respectively. The urban
population of the woreda was accounted 54328% of the total population during the mentioned years.
Female accounted for about 52.14% of the urban and 50.4% of the rural population.
Table 3.1 Population of Arsi Nagele woreda by sex and place of residence
Rural Urban Total
1997 100387 101737 22093 23970 122480 125707 248187
202124 46063
1998 104923 106361 23098 25062 128021 131423 259444
211284 48160
1999 109459 110985 23998 26157 133457 137142 270599
220444 50155
2000 113395 115609 24906 27242 138301 142851 281152
229004 52148
2001 25996 28332
117930 120233 238163 54328 143926 148565 292491
3.1.2 Dependency Ratio - Dependency ratio is the dependent population per economically active
section of the population (age 15-64 years).
Page 81
Table3.2The age group of Arsi Negele Woreda
The age Percent Percent
0 -14 50 49 34 33 33.5 47 46
49.5 46.5
15 – 64 47 48.2 63.3 64 63.5 50 51.2
47.6 50.6
65+ 3 2.8 2.7 3 3 3 2.8
2.9 2.9
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Table 3.3 Distribution population of Arsi Negele by sex and wider age group
Age Urban population Rural population Total population
Group
0-14 8745 9341 18086 59237 58544 117781
67982 67885 135867
15-64 16540 18154 34694 54471 58300 113015
71011 76454 147465
65+ 711 837 1548 4222 3389 7611
4933 4226 9159
Total 25996 28332 54328
117930 120233 238407 143926 148565 292491
3.1.3 Average Family Size -: According to the 1999 population and housing census of Ethiopia,
the average household size of the woreda is 6.5 person per household for the woreda, which is 6
for urban and 7 for rural per household.
3.1.4 Sex Ratio - the over all sex ratio of Arsi Nagele is estimated to be about 97 male’s per100
females. In urban areas the ratio is 92 males per 100females, whereas for rural area it is 98 males
per 100females.
3.1.6 Population Density-: the crude population density (the ratio of total population to total
area) of the Woreda was 389 people per km2 in (2008/09).
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Table 3.4 Crude and agricultural density of the woreda
1 2 3 4 5 6=2/4 7=3/5
1999 270599 1557.27 761
220444 355.5 289.6767
2000 281152 1557.27 761
229004 369 300.9251
2001 292491 238163 1557.27 750 389 317.5507
3.2.1 Agriculture
Agriculture is the business of food production the history of agriculture crop production begins
as observed the germination of the seed dropped from a tree produce the same seed as the mother
tree.
result the sector is remained substance (from hand to mouth) in its nature. However, the woreda is
potential rich particularly for farming practice its àgro climatic condition (dominates by Badda Dare
75%, Gammoojji 15% and Badda10%. This makes the woreda suitable for cereals crops such as teff,
Wheat, Barely and Maize. Among these cereals wheat covers the largest portion of cultivated land.
3.2.2 Name of Farmers Service Cooperatives and Members

In Arsi Negele woreda, there were 51 farmers’ services cooperative with 15772 members (17.2%
females
Table 3.5 Year of Registered FSC, Name of FSC, Member and Capital
No Year of 2008/09
Register Name of FSC Member Capital
ed FSC Male Femal Tota Fixed Runing Total
e l
Page 83
1 1999 Aga 169 30 6965
199 6965
2 1997 Ashoka 252 34 17160
286 17160
3 1971 Ashale and woyo 350 56 6712.75 35653.25
406 42366
4 1997 Ali woyo 60 11 6390
71 6390
5 1997 Adaba xixa 255 69 18250
324 18250
6 1997 Bombaso reji 232 70 60400
302 60400
7 1997 Basaqu ilala 427 40 42200 42030
467 84230
8 1997 Ciri ilala 262 23 14250
285 14250
9 1997 Danshe 207 52 24920
259 24920
10 1991 Duro huluqa 958 61 20380
1019 20380
11 1997 Gambelto 341 23 18700
364 18700
12 1972 Gode duro 622 79 35670 10000
701 45670
13 1997 Gonde gurate 333 65 15920
398 15920
14 1972 Goljota 2189 101 905470 60000
2290 965470
15 2000 Ido jigesa 94 12 8480
106 8480
16 1997 Lephis 241 43 14200
284 14200
17 1971 Maja worqa 479 37 400000 20500
516 420500
18 1971 Malka buta 531 72
603 0
19 1997 Mako oda 219 40 12850
259 12850
20 1997 Mararo hawilo 218 48 13300
266 13300
21 1971 Mexi 174 21 432200 98085
195 530285
22 1971 Nano woyo 293 21 125000 12871
314 137871
23 1999 Qarsa gara 230 31 10440
261 10440
24 1997 Qarsa ilala 129 34 7650
163 7650
1971 Qali Duuroo 1224 131 122,000 22,000

25
1355 144000
26 1999 Qadhoo 204 14 - 10,900
218
27 1997 Sayo maja 253 53 - 18360
306 18360
28 1971 Soqido 926 121 95000 10470
1047 105470
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29 1997 Sirba lenda 219 17 9440
236 9440
30 1997 Watara 159 52 42000
211 42000
31 1997 Xurge galo 265 80 13800
345 13800
32 2001 Gale fi kelo 43 7000
43 7000
33 2001 Arjo bolitu 28 5000
28 5000
34 1996 Argada 78 9 75900 3480
87 79380
35 1997 Dhadhaba guda 57 6 46600 4278
63 50878
36 1997 Lafa 87 24 370 2775
111 3145
37 1994 Gadamso 106 14 26600 6000
120 32600
38 1997 Malka boji 45 5 2500
50 2500
39 2000 Mexi maxana 44 6 2500
50 2500
40 2000 Sambaro dalale 43 5 6900
48 6900
41 2000 Sambaro dagaga 63 6 4800
69 4800
42 1994 Shopa bultum 120 10 2500
130 2500
43 1992 Yaka lalesa 79 5 5880
84 5880
44 2001 Sade goba buna 61 8 8000 7000
69 15000
45 2000 Maja gero 26 5 78156 31200
31 109356
46 2001 Worko milika 29 15 62791 32920
44 95711
47 2001 Malka ambo 31 19 55000 35000
50 90000
48 2001 Burka ijarsa NA 150 65176.99 125296.85
150 190473.8
49 2001 Sinke gudatu NA 172 65176.97 128701.45
172 193878.4
50 2001 Sinke naga NA 229 65176.99 133408.60
229 198585.6
51 2001 Sinke fedhi jalata NA 88 65170.22 123.48.00
88 65170.22
1577
Total
13455 2317 2 2778371 1223504 4001875

Arsi Nagele is considered as food self-sufficient area. However, there are households that have food
insecurity problem. The severity of the problem varies from year to year depending on rainfall
drought.
Page 85
Year Amount of aid by type
Grain(qt) Pulses (qt) CSF(qt)* Oils(Dez) No of beneficiaries
/19992000 4980 306.7 178 58.41 43420
2000/2001 1597.5 15.98 91.33 35.16 10650
*CSF=Children Supplementary food.
Land use / cover type is dynamic because of population pressure and socio-economic changes.
However, due to shortage of data we cannot indicate these changes.

of man. Climates factors like, rain fall, market, social factors, and availability of labor determines crop
production. All the mentioned above available in Arsi woreda the weather condition also suitable for
the production of crops such as teff, Wheat, Barely, and Maize. Arsi Negele most known by
production of Annual Crops
3.2.6 Crop production of peasant holding - The major food crops produced in the Arsi Negele are
cereals, pulses and others. Among cereals, teff, barley and wheat are the pre-dominant and among
pulses horse beans and Chick peas are grown widely.
Page 86
Number of farmers with farm oxen and without
Number of Oxen Number of farmers H.H
0 1999 2000 2001
1/2 - 9028 6250
1 - 1867
2 - 17121 18870
3 - 198 1868
4 and above 6201 4115
office.
Average Land holding Size per house hold 0.5 -1.5 (ha)
farmers
1 Fertilizers 3250 16601
DAP 3140 15487
UREA 110 1114
2 Improved 2885.875 2766
Teff - 400
Wheat 1996.25 2366
Barley - -
Maize 889.625 964
3 Pesticides(Lit) - 300
Pesticides(kg) - -
Page 87
3.2.9 Agricultural Activities Calendar of the woreda
No Crop type Land Planting Weeding Flowering Maturity Harvesting

Preparation (Sowing) time time Time time
time time
1 Wheat and February to June to July August to September October November to
Barely July September &November December
2 Mize April to May June - July August September October November
3 Teff April to July August September - October December &
November
4 Horse bean February to June July & August September October December &
June November
5 Chick peas February May July & August September October November
Page 88
3.2.10 Non-Governmental Organizations
Table 3.12 Name of NGO Major areas of interventions, Location and no of beneficiaries

interventions/sector beneficiaries
Green message Ethiopian Health, Education and Arsi Nagele 15840

Development Association Gender
Society of International Missionaries Education, Agricultural “ 122235
(SIM) project, Integrated project
Vision of Community Development Education, Gender and “ 1200

Association. women
Catholic church Education “ NA
International Development Enterprise Agricultural project, “ 200
/IDE/
Arsi Nagele censers for Environmental Agricultural project, “ 45000
Development Association
Keleweyout Church Integrated project “ 250
Ethiopia Catholic Church Integrated project “ NA
Rift Valley Children and women development Integrate project, “ 80780
Association Cooperative promotion
Engage know foundation /ENF/ Integrated project “ 56000
Mulu wongel Amanoch church. Social Affairs “ 250
Hope Enterprises Social Affairs, Water “ 450
project
Page 89
Ethiopian Amanual United church Social Affairs “ 250
Development relive Association
Lay volunteers international Association Water project “ 138170
/LVIA/
Arsi Development Aid Association Cooperative promotion “ 215
/ADAA/
Page 90
Agriculture is mainly subsistence in character and is limited by different factors like too
much or too little rainfall, exhaustion of the fertility of the soil, primitive methods and
techniques of practice, crop pests and diseases, high cost of agricultural inputs, etc.
Arsi Nagele woreda has high potentialities for livestock rearing. However, the society
gives more emphasis to quality than quantity due to lack of awareness and animal
health infrastructure. Therefore, the benefit that the society gets from their livestock is
very low compared to their cost. The major livestock feeds in the woreda are common
grazing land and crop residues.
Table 3.13 Number of livestock population of the woreda
2005/2006 230210 43525 31163 651 8799 28004 0 69005

2006/2007 2417782 44520 31749 805 8998 28073 0 82954
2007/08 282564 46300 33587 830 9358 29646 0 102097
2008/09 286418 48444 34686 870 9895 35420 0 121240
Source: Agricultural and rural development office of Arsi Negele woreda

The major animal diseases in the district according to their occurrence and
distribution from the most frequent to the least includes Black leg, Hemorrhagic,
Septicemia , Anthrax, internal parasites ,external parasites and African horse sickness
and others .
VETERINARY PERSONNEL 1998 1999 2000 2001
 Veterinarian doctor 1 0 0 1
-Foreign
- Ethiopian
 Animal health assistants 2 4 9 9
 Vaccinators 0 0 0 0
 Clinics(total)
A-Type 0 0 0 0
B-Type 0 0 1 1
C-Type 1 1 0 0
2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
The role of Agricultural Development Agent (DA) in facilitating the application of
modern agricultural inputs and creating awareness among the farmers is very large and
crucial. Accordingly, there are DAs in the woreda as it could be seen from the table
below.
Number of ‘DA’ in the woreda
Table 3.15
Year 1998 1999 2000 2001
Number of DA’s 72 117 142 158
Soil determines crops growth and development so, with out the conservation of the soil
the life of crop is difficult. The districts face soil erosion problems due to lack of forest
conservation. The people use different methods and techniques to conserve the soil such
as, trace conservation, land rehabilitation and seedling plantation.
There are several constraints of agricultural in the Woreda. Shortage of agricultural
input, low soil fertility, low level of farmers’ knowledge or consciousness regarding
utilization of modern agricultural in put, market economy, shortage of farm land,
serious soil erosion and very low saving practices or habits are some of the major
constraints of agricultural in the woreda.
3.2.16 Mineral:-The mineral deposits of the woreda are not fully investigated or studied.
However, different writers indicate that the geological background of woreda provide
favorable conditions for the occurrence of varieties of minerals. The depositions of the
well-known Non metalic mineral resources are usually associated with old crystalline
rocks. However, there is no clear indication for the formation of this type of rock in the
woreda. Currently among the mineral endowment of the Arsi Negele the following are
the identification potential of mineral resource the detail is presented in the Table 3.16
Name of the Minerals Type Use Status of
mining
Dimension Stone Non metallic Tiles and Manual
building
Sand Non metallic Tiles and Manual
building
Rocky Sand Non metallic Selected
material
construction
3.2.17 Industry- The development of the industrial sector can play a great contribution
in creating job opportunity, income generation, utilizing the locally available raw
materials and improving the technological inputs for different economic sector as well as
for import substitution.
Table 3.17 Number of small, medium and large scale industries in the woreda
Industry Description 2007/8 2008/09

Number
Food Industry Capital
(‘000Birr)
Employees
Wood Work and Metal Number 3 3
Employees 28 28
Number 13 13
Grain mill Capital(Br) 130000 130000
Employees 26 26
Number 0 0
Coffee Processing machine Capital(Birr) 0 0
Employees 0 0
Number
Blocket industry Capital(Birr)
Employees
Number
Total Capital(Birr)
Employees
Source: Revenue office of Arsi Negele woreda
3.2.18 *Road Access the woreda has a distance of 25kms and 225 km from Shashamane
and Finfine respectively.
initial and final point road (km) (km) Road
1 ILaala A/Nagela Daka 0 0 0 42

2 Nagelle Gode 0 32 0 0
3 Hadha Boso Golojota 0 22 0 0
4 Nagele Lephis 0 18 0 0
5 Dole Alge 60 0 0 0
6 Ilaala watara 20 0 0 0
7 Nagele Basaku 0 0 0 0
8 Maja Xiixa 18 0 0 0
9 Nagele Tulu 30 0 0 0
10 Watara Lephis 20 0 0 0
11 maja Watara 23 0 0 0
12 Darera Tulu 25 0 0 0
3.2.19 Communication
As it has been mentioned earlier people may want to meet with others through
telephone and postal. The district has only one digital and one regular postal service that
serve as a provision of communication service for the people of the district.
3.2.20 Energy Supply: - Energy sources can be traditional or modern. The major local
energy sources are firewood, animal dung charcoal and farm residue both in rural and
urban areas of the woreda, according to their order of importance, which consequently
intensifies deforestation rate and minimize the role of manures as natural fertilizer in the
woreda. The modern energy sources are electricity, biogas, fossil fuel and solar energy.
Currently, from 43 kebele, 24 have been supplied with electric power system while the
remaining Kebele 19 gets from diesel power.
Table 3.19 Domestic energy supply of Arsi Nagele woreda in 2001
Rural Urban
1 Fire wood 1 2
2 Crop residue 2 3
3 Dung 4 5
4 Charcoal 3 4
5 Electric 0 1
6 Diesel 5 6
Table 3.20 Number of town+ PAs having Electricity supply in 2001
44
Electricity
Number of town+PAs not supplied with Diesel 24 53
Electricity
Type of fuel Capacity in liters
Name of Name of station Benzene Kerosene Gasoline
district town
Arsi Negele Negele Kobil NA 10,000 42,000
Arsi Negele Negele Shell NA NA NA
3.2.21 Water Supply
The district endowed with surface and ground water resources. It has many perennial
rivers such as Lephis, Huluka, Gedemsa and Awede do act as the community source of
water supply for the population of the district. Ground water development had been
provided potable water supply for some parts of the district. In the district under study,
there is acute scarcity of potable water supply. Now adays, potable water supply
development schemes construction is low in different parts of the district. As result,
potable water coverage of the district was only 98%, of the urban and 25.4 percent of the
rural population of the woreda were supplied with potable water in the year 2008/09.
Source: O/F&E/D/O statistical abstracts
Table3.21 Number of deep wells, shallow wells, hand-dug wells and spring development
and distribution schemes giving services
Water works 1998 1999 2000 2001

Deep wells 8 14 10 10
Shallow wells 2 2
Distribution schemes
2005/06 2006/07 2007/08
Source: water supply office of Arsi Negele

E.C in percent
1999 220444 50155 270599 35 88 46
2000 229004 52148 281152 38 90 48
2001 238163 54328 292491 41.5 91.4 51.4
Source: Zonal & woreda water supply office
4 Educations
Education is fundamental to enhancing the quality of human life and ensuring social
and economic progress.
Education is the key to creating, adapting and spreading knowledge but the gains in
access to education have been unevenly distributed, with the poor seldom getting their
fair share.
Education plays a key roles inability of developing country to absorb modern
technology and to develop the capacity of self-sustaining growth and development
Provision of primary education and improving secondary education is the focal area of
educational goals of Oromia region. This can be achieved through expansion of schools
and reduce local disparities of schools as a key strategy
During the same period, governmental training institutes like Chilalo teacher training
institute (TTI), and other distance education training institutes like Alpha and St. Merry
colleges located in Arsi Nagele woreda.
According to the data obtained from the district educational office in 1999 E.C there
were 34 first primary cycles Schools (1-4), 51 second primary cycle Schools (5-8), and two
high schools (9-10) in the district. In 2000 the numbers of schools have been increased to
37 and 52 first primaries and secondary primary school respectively.
Table 4.1 Number of kindergarten, primary schools, senior secondary schools and other
institutions
2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
2 Primary (1-8) 63 6 77 8 80 14 82 16
3 Secondary(9-10) 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2
5 Preparatory 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1
Source: Arsi Negele Education office
As mentioned in the previous significant change has been made in expanding schools
and students participation also increased from the previous years in the woreda. This
show that the altitude of society changes to wards education.
Year
1 Kindergarten
Male 140 159
Female 130 124
2 Primary (1-8)
Male 25922 32080 30863 28430
Female 22466 28275 29046 27149
3 Secondary (9-10)
Male 4021 5659 5881 5311
Female 2032 2793 3487 3864
Male 762 1055 1009
Female 240 287 590
Male 0 0 NA NA
Female 0 0 NA NA
Table 4.3 Number of teachers (1-12) by educational level and sex rural +
urban
Level 1998(2005/06) 1999(2006/07) 2000(2007/08) 2001(2008/09)
Male Femal Male Femal Total Male Femal Total Male Femal Tota
e e e e l
TTI 353 157 424 188 612 281 146 427 257 140 397
and1
2+
Diplo 143 38 136 36 172 215 63 278 254 70 324
ma
12+4 23 2 53 5 58 61 4 65 91 7 98
and
Table 4.4 Students participation rate by level of schools and Sex

Primary (1-8) Secondary (9_10) 11-12
2006/07 97.88 90.6 13.33 0.9 7.06
2007/08 114.7 106.6 110.5 81.3 39.45 22.9 5.4
2008/09
Source: zonal Education office
No Grade 1996 1997 1998

level/sex
1 Grade 8
1.1 Candidate
Male 1559 1936 2323
Female 728 1180 1494
1.2 Promoted
Male 1370 1678 2098
Female 646 1016 1288
2 Grade 10
2.1 Candidate
Male 2210 2957 4081
Female 914 1632 2144
2.2 Promoted
<2.0
Male 1481 2070 804
Female 689 1086 246
>2.0
Male
Female
3 Grade 12
3.1 Candidate
Male 87 192 135
Female 35 32 30
3.2 Failed
Male
Female
Total
3.3 Promoted
Male 31 137 128
Female 20 32 30
Total

Since health is Avery indispensable necessity for his or her life. People in the district
face different difficult problem which either directly or in directly harms in their health.
In such condition they must get enough health safety facilities like Health centers,
malaria C.C Clinics, health Posts and drug vender.

2 Clinics 5 5 13 14
4 Drug vender
5 Hospital 0 0 0 0
6 Pharmacies 1 1 1 2
7 Malaria 0 0 0 0
Number of People treated in health 34796 42780 100000 150000
institutions
Health Coverage (%) 38 42 61.6 73.84
Source: Arsi Negele Health office

2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
1 Doctors 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 3
2 Nurses 9 0 9 0 24 0 28 0
4 Health officers
7 Sanitarians 2 0 2 0 4 0 4 0
8 Community health agents
9 Pharmacists 1 0 2 0 2 1 2 2
12 Extension 12 0 39 0 53 0 85 0
Source: Arsi Negele Health office
4.4 Health problems of the woreda -The major health problems are uneven distribution
of health services, shortage of trained man-power, low coverage of clean water and
health services, lack of self hygiene and environmental sanitation, which result into high
prevalence of communicable diseases, prevalence of sexual transmitted diseases such as
HIV, etc.
4.5 Social Security.
Unemployment is one of the indicators of social security in a country. In Arsi Nagele
woreda, as in the country in general, unemployment is mainly urban problem, which is
caused by rapid rural-urban migration. It is motivated mainly by the migrants’
expectation to get better economic opportunity in urban area due to lack of information
regarding the real situation exists in urban area of the country in general and woreda in
particular. Therefore, the number of unemployed labor force increases in urban areas of
the district, which in turn increases social in securities and problem.
Table 4.9 Number of Cases Lodged in the woreda
Year Number of cases lodged during the year Decided cases Pending cases
2001 510 456 54
Source: Zonal justice office
Financial institution there is only Commercial Bank located in Arsi Negele Woreda and
in addition there are four micro - financial institution established by Oromia saving and
credit Share Company.
No Source of revenue 2006/07 2007/08 2008/2009

1 Direct taxes
Personal income 1335314.68 1916245.87 1612635.10
tax(1101A)
Rental income tax(1101B) 559461.67 1039658.87 1610378.08
Business income tax 171762.49 522363.92 411350.10
Agricultural income tax 244159.45 495142.25 486241.50
Capital gain
Land use fee 244700.50 563175.05 489463.5
2 Indirect tax
Sales tax on domestic 425353.59 677435.06 669445.62
goods
Sales tax on 10266.14 30170.28 26822.67
services(VAT)
Stamp duty and sales
3 Non - tax revenue
Charges and fees
Sales of goods and 237376.90 159189.33 212021.69
services
Investment income 985822.40 1207444.55 407834.00
Miscellaneous revenue
Capital receipts
Ordinary revenue
Total revenue 4214217.8 6610826 5926192
Source: Arsi Negele Reveneu office

Domestic Revenue
1999 2000 2001
14657380 22629210 23208130

Table 4.12 Recurrent Expenditure Analysis of Arsi Negele woreda
General Service 2505262 325365 2830627 3010719 806613 3817332
Economic Services 2649384 157079 2929000 3098120 167049 3265169
Social Services 9806038 373956 1017994 15562883 400998 15963881
Table 4.13 Capital Expenditure Analysis of Arsi Negele woreda
Total Total Total
General Service 167000 54000 50000
Social Services - 100000 76501
4.7 Tourism:-
Tourism is smokeless industry comprising a number of tangible and intangible
components. The tangible elements include transport systems such as air rail, water and
new space, hospitality services accommodation foods and beverages, tours souvenir
related services such as banking, insurance and safety and security. The intangible
elements include rest, relaxation and different experience.
 Transport
 Locate
 Accommodation,
Arsi Negele woreda has better opportunities for the development of tourism economy.
However, due to lack of promotion and tourist amenities like standard hotels and other
social infrastructures, tourism economy is not yet developed in the district. Similarly,
Arsi Negel district has many attraction locations such as, Langano Shala Abiyata Lepis
water fall, Abiyata hot spring, and Tufa hot spring .
Meaningful survey and study are not conducted to assess tourist attraction sites
potential of the woreda.
Arsi Negele woreda are many attractions Location Such as Shala Abiyat National park,
which could be considered as reserved area for wildlife. This park largely constitutes
variety of wildlife ranging from small sized different birds to big mammals. Among
variety of wildlife in the district Duiker, warthog, Hyena, man goose, Nyala, monkey,
swains, hartebeests, greater kudu, Cheetah, and Ape.
If this attraction site properly managed and used, it benefit the district and as well as for
the country as whole.
 New Employment opportunity.
 Diversity and stability of local economy.
 A source of additional revenue.
 Improvement of local living standard.
 Conservation of natural and cultural heritage.
4.9 Sport activities and facilities in the woreda: - Football, Volleyball and Athletics are
types of sport activities in the woreda. There are well-organized sport facilities in the
woreda.
4.10 Trade activities - Off farm activities like trade, carpentry, handcrafts, pottery, etc
are not yet developed especially in the rural areas of the district. The majority of the
population of the woreda is agrarian. Trading activity is mostly carried out in urban
areas. Hence trading is an economic activity for the majority of urban population.
There are many development activities on going in the woreda by government, non-
government and community. These include construction of schools, health
infrastructures like, health posts and health centers in different Peasant Association,
water scheme development, animal health posts, environmental protection (Soil and
water conservation), road construction and maintenances and other similar activities.
5.1.1 Problems
The major economic problems of the woreda are low productivity of agricultural sectors
due to high cost, delay and insufficient supply of agricultural inputs, prevalence of
animal diseases, high unemployment rate, low saving due to high dependency and
vulnerability to drought and famine, lack of experiences on non-farm income generating
activities, etc major environmental problems are high soil erosion due to high
deforestation, over grazing, over cultivation and miss use of land resources in general.
The main cause of environmental degradation of the woreda is population pressure.
The major social problems are uneven distribution of socio-economic infrastructure,
shortage of trained man-power, low coverage of clean water and health services, lack of
self hygiene and environmental sanitation, which result into high prevalence of
communicable diseases, prevalence of sexual transmitted diseases such as HIV, etc.
5.1.2 Potentials
Regarding potentialities of the woreda, the woreda has high potential for livestock and
poultry. More over, the woreda has highly suitable climatic condition and fertile soil for
the production of different types of crops, natural, historical and cultural tourist
attraction potentials, highly suitable lands for irrigation (especially in lowlands), high
labor power for an expansion of labor intensive industries, high potential of exportable
items such as hides and skins, local cash crops (oil seeds and spices)
1 Introduction
It is obvious that with out having enough and reliable information and data about the
earths natural and cultural land escapes, it is difficult to prepare meaning full
compiled information concerning physical and socio-economic condition of the woreda
and its development constraints.
Physical setting
2.1 Location of Dodola Woreda
Dodola woreda found in the North East of West Arsi zone and the astronomical location
of the woreda indicates that with altitude over 2400m within and area of 1432.46 km2
The woreda far away 75km from west Arsi Zone and 320km from Finifine The
Woreda shares bounder line with Hasasa in the north, Kokosa and Kofale in the west,
Adaba in the East, and Nensebo in the south and the administrative center of the
woreda is Dodola.
No Dodola Total population of House hold Average
peasant Association family
Name of Peasant Male Femal Total Male Femal Total size
Associations (PA) e e
1 Alantu Dobado 387

5498 5630 11128 1366 1753 6
2 Kata Baranda 215
5689 5360 11049 986 1201 9
3 Gafarsa Kara 50
3057 3314 6371 989 1039 6
4 Morki 43
3593 4330 7923 1007 1050 8
5 Fifota Washarbi 293
4569 5020 9589 1093 1386 7
6 Kachama Chire 200
5844 5781 11625 1375 1575 7
7 Denaba 192
2918 3018 5936 963 1155 5
8 Tole Alawanso 182
1706 1791 3497 304 486 7
9 Wabe Burikitu 209
2950 3079 6029 600 809 7
10 Aluma Shifa 28
1909 2070 3979 540 568 7
11 Bikika 5
1915 2215 4130 615 620 7
12 Bura Adole 191
3627 4195 7822 1012 1203 7
13 Gare Serofta 231
4860 5484 10344 1312 1543 7
14 Ose Berale 40
1014 1030 2044 350 390 5
15 Ganata Hara 250
4890 4225 9115 1200 1450 6
16 Barisa 139
3440 3595 7035 741 880 8
17 Ashana Robi 50
861 738 1599 250 300 5
18 Dama Chalako 91
1999 2015 4014 628 719 6
19 Gafarsa Tarora 100
1836 1850 3686 564 664 6
20 Edo 231
4844 5040 9884 1167 1398 7
21 Koro Doyo 105
2463 2280 4743 530 635 7
22 Baka 80
2501 2670 5171 464 544 10
23 Anba Hole Konko 88
2944 3360 6304 564 652 10
Total
74927 78090 153017 18620 3400 22020 7
Source: Agricultural &Rural development office of Dodola woreda
2.2 Geology
Geological survey shows that the district is characterized by small plain and
mountainous topography. The permanent peak in the district are Ilal (3655m), Mt and
Koruro (3625m),Keresa, Negeso, Meribo, and Gude yerso are the rivers in the woreda
that are part of Wabi Shebele rivers basin which is the only major river basin in the
area.
2.3 Climate
Dodola woreda is divided into three agro-climate zone mainly due to variation in
altitude. This great variation of temperature provides wide opportunities for the
production of different types of crops range from moderately cool to cool thermal
woreda.
It is dominantly characterized the (alpine) and temperate (badda) agro – climatic zone
covers1% and 91% of the woreda and the rest 8% covers by badda - dare.
The mean annual temperature of the woreda is found between 15-20.60c in the central
high land. However, there is a slight variation of temperature from months to month.
2.2 Table Thermal woreda classification
Altitude Annual Area Typical crops

mean temp Description (%)
Conventional Afan Oromo
Kolla Gammoojji 1
1500- 15 – 20.60c Weina Dega Badda Daree 8 Barley Wheat, Maize and
1800m Teff
1500- 12 -160c Dega Baddaa 91 Maize, Sorghum, Barely,
2400m wheat, Chickpea, oat, Teff,
Lentils and Enset
2.4 Mean Annual Rainfall - for most of the areas, the rainy season starts in March and
extends to October with the highest concentration in June, July and August. The number
of rainy days varies from cool moderately to cool in the woreda.
Dodola woreda receives abundant and well-distributed rainfall both in amount and
season, which is conducive for different types of vegetation growth and agricultural
activities.
On average, the woreda gets annual mean rainfall of Maximum 1419mm, Average
1200mm.
2.5 Relief
Geological survey shows that the district is characterized by small plain and
mountainous topography.
The mountain ranges which form the water shade for Wabe Shebele river, basis as
consists number of well known peaks which includes, mountain Ilale (3655m) mountain
Korduro (3625m), and mountain Somkeru (3753m).
2.6 Drainage Pattern
The most majority of the Woreda rivers drained to Wabe Shebele Rivers basin,
Unlike the rivers of neighboring woreda, the over whelming rivers of the woreda
contributed for the irrigation purpose, river Keresa, Ukuma ,Negeso,Meribo and Gude
Yerso.
Table 2.3 the Drainage Basin of the Dodola woreda
Name of rivers Their Characteristics
Seasonal Perennial
Wabe Ukuma Koro Wabe Ukuma
Lensho Lensho Maribo
Heraro Heraro
Meribo
Koro
2.7 Soils
According to the data obtained from Dodola Woreda Agricultural Office, larger portion
of the woreda, i.e. about 845km2 lies under Chromic Luvisols, 430km2 lie under Calcic
Chernozems , 86km2 lie under Orthic Luvisols while, the remaining 71.46km2lie under
Pellic Vertisols .
Table 2.4 the major soil types available in Dodola woreda
Soil types Approximate To paragraph
Chromic Luvisols 59 Central flat the Terrain
Calcic Chernozems 30
Orthic Luvisols 6
Pellic Vertisols 5
2.8 Natural Vegetation:-the natural vegetation cover of an area is determined mainly by
the altitude, temperature, amount of rainfall and parent material from which the soil has
been derived and type of human interference. Its coverage and composition also
changes over time due human activities.
Though the actual area covers by the natural vegetation exactly does not know it was
estimated about 54783 Hectare which includes light forest wounded land, and in band
bush.
Table 2.5 Climatic climax vegetation of Dodola woreda
Vegetation type Area
No Class type km2 %
1 Afro alpine and Sub Afro alpine Hajinia NA NA
10 Total 537 3.8
Name of forest Location Natural Man made Total % of total
project (Hectare) (Hectare)
2000 NA Dodola 53700 783 54483 3.8
2001 NA Dodola 53700 783 54483 3.8
2.9 Wild life
Wild life have significant role for economic development of the district. The wild life in
the district is limited in varieties and small in size the major type of wild life of the
district Colobus Monkey, leopard, Warthog, Fox, Greater Kudu, Mountain Nyala are
some of the wild animals associated with the vegetation covers of the district. A There is
no wild life sanctuary in the district.
3.1.1 Population
Population: - is the total number of inhabitants living in a given geographic area for a
specific point in time.
→ Fertility
→ Mortality
→ Migration
According to the projection made from the 1999Population and Housing census, the
total population of Dodola woreda was 153873 and 166133 in the year 1999 and 2001
respectively. The urban population of the Woreda was accounted 8.1 percent of the total
population during the 2001 years. Female accounted for about 50.2 percent of the urban
and 51 percent of the rural population.
Table 3.1 Population of Dodola woreda by sex and place of residence
Rural Urban Total
1997 64048 66752 130200 5682 5783 11465
69730 72535 142265
1998 66610 69422 136032 5909 6014 11923
72519 75436 147955
1999 69274 72199 141473 6145 6255 12400
75419 78454 153873
2000 72045 75087 147132 6391 6505 12896
78436 81592 160028
2001
74726 77896 152622 6765 6746 13412 81491 84642 166133
Note: Population of Dodola town include (Negele Metema, Edo, Heraro and Serofta)
Source: W/A/&E/D/O statistical abstracts

Dependency ratio is the dependent population per economically active section of the
population (age 15-64 years).
Table 3.2 the age group of Dodola Woreda

The age Percent
0 -14 51 48 49.5 34 35.4 34.7 34 35.5 34.8
15 - 64 46.3 48.9 47.6 63.3 61.5 62.4 63.3 61.3 62.3
65+ 2.7 3.1 2.9 2.7 3.1 2.9 2.7 3.2 2.9
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
3.1.4 Average Family Size - According to the 1999 population and housing census of
Ethiopia, the average household size of the woreda is 6.5person per household for the
woreda, which is 6 for urban and 7 for rural per household.
3.1.5 Sex Ratio - the over all sex ratio in the Woreda is estimated to be about 96.2 males
per 100 females. In urban areas the ratio is 100.2males per 100 females, whereas for rural
area it is 96 males per 100 females.
Table 3.3 Crude and agricultural density of the Dodola woreda
1 2 3 4 5 6=2/4 7=3/5
1999 141473 1432.46
153873 158.83 107
2000 147132 1432.46 158.83
160028 112
2001 1432.46 158.83
166133 152622 116
3.2.1 Agriculture
Agriculture is the business of food production the history of agriculture crop
production begins as observed the germination of the seed dropped from a tree produce
the same seed as the mother tree.
The first activities of Agriculture in all country is to produce food stuffs to meet the
economic demand and where possible also the human needs of the population.
However, it is characterized by lack of access to modern technology, lack of information,
low productivity dependency on rain fall, lack of irrigation practice, lack of new
varieties and agriculture in puts (fertilizers, pesticide). As a result the sector is
remained substance (from hand to mouth) in its nature. However, the district is
potential rich particularly for farming practice its àgro climatic condition (dominates by
cool (alpine) 91% and Badda dare (sub tropical 8%). This makes the woreda suitable for
cereals crops such as teff, Wheat, Barely and Oats. Among these cereals wheat covers
the largest portion of cultivated land.

In Dodola woreda, there were 18 farmers’ services cooperative with 11233 members
(12% females) in the year 2008/09.
No. Year of 2008/09

Registered FSC Name of FSC Member
M F Total
1 1998 Alantu Dobado 446 56
502
2 1998 Kata Baranda 387 81
468
3 1998 Gafarsa Kara 522 11
533
4 1998 Morki 230 2
232
5 1998 Fifota Washarbi 990 143
1133
6 1998 Kachama Chire 919 177
1096
7 1998 Denaba 623 54
677
8 1999 Tole Alawanso 600 53
653
9 2001 Wabe Burikitu 531 67
598
10 2001 Negela Mexema 624 65
689
11 2001 Edo 728 80
808
12 2001 Bura Adole 469 54
523
13 1999 Gare Serofta 800 150
950
14 1999 Ganata Hara 650 120
770
15 1999 Barisa 525 69
594
16 1998 Baka 240 10
250
17 1999 Anba Hole 378 94
Konko
472
18 1999 Dama Chalolko 275 10
285
Total 9937 1296
11233
Source: Farmers Service Cooperatives office of Dodola woreda

Dodola woreda is considered as food self-sufficient area. However, there are households
that have food insecurity problem. The severity of the problem varies from year to year
depending on rainfall condition. It also varies from district to district, as result all
district are not equally vulnerable to drought.
Table 3.5 Amount of food distributed by government and non-governmental
organization and population benefited
2006/07 1736.1 99.9 135 7.5 9360
Land use / cover type is dynamic because of population pressure and socio-economic
changes. However, due to shortage of data we cannot indicate these changes.
Table 3.6 Land use/cover of Dodola Woreda

* Total land Uses 1432.46 100
2 Cultivable land
3 Forest 547.83 38.49
4 Riparian woodland or bush land
5 Open bush land 433.63 30.27
6 Perennial swamp
7 Water body 23.08 1.61
8 Settlement Area
9 Others 52.13 3.64
Crop is a plant or a collection of plants produced artificially or naturally for the benefit
or service of man. Climates factors like, rain fall, market, social factors, and availability
of labor determines crop production. All the mentioned above available in Dodola
woreda the weather condition also suitable for the production of crops such as teff,
Wheat, Barely, and Oats. Dolola woreda most known by production of Annual Crops
3.2.6 Crop production of peasant holding - The major food crops produced in the
Dodola Woreda are cereals, pulses, oil seeds and others. Among cereals, teff, barley and
wheat are the pre-dominant and among pulses horse beans and field peas are grown
widely. Other crops include vegetables, fruits, root crops and stimulants are also grown.
Area under cereals covers the largest part of the total area of the woreda.
Table 3.7 Estimates of area cultivated (hectare) and production of major crops
No Major 1999/2000 2000/20001
crops Belg Meher Total Belg Meher Total
Cult 0 1162 1162 0 1169 1169
1 Teff (ha)
Prod 0 14342 14342 0 12289 12289
(qt)
Cult 0 23550 23550 0 24215 24215
2 Wheat (ha)
Prod 0 756131 756131 0 740665 740665
(qt)
Cult 0 8345 8345 0 9212 9212
3 Barley (ha)
Prod 0 220872 220872 0 220300 220300
(qt)
Cult 0 210 210 0 208 208
4 Oats (ha)
Prod 0 7068 7068 0 3120 3120
(qt)
Cult 0 770 770 0 795 795
5 Maize (ha)
Prod 0 30439 30439 0 25825 25825
(qt)
Cult 0 370 370 0 310 310
6 Horse (ha)
beans Prod 0 4823 4823 0 2480 2480
(qt)
Cult 0 372 372 0 279 279
7 Field peas (ha)
Prod 0 3321 3321 0 2232 2232
(qt)
Cult 0 1397 1397 0 1391 1391
8 Linseed (ha)
Cult 0 36176 36176 0 37579 37579

Total (ha)
Prod 0 143783 143783 0 986238 986238
(qt)
3.2.7Agricultural inputs
The data of fertilizer, pesticides and herbicides presented in the following table do not
reflect the actual amount utilized by the farmers of the woreda, because some farmers
might buy from private traders. The given data represents only amount distributed by
woreda cooperative and agricultural office.
Table 3.8Amounts and types of fertilizers, improved seeds, herbicides and pesticides
distributed to farmers
YEAR
No Type of inputs 1999/2000 2000/2001
1.1 DAP (Quinn) 12699 13327.5
1.2 UREA(Quinn) 0 0
2 Improved seed 2259.975 2257.52
2.1 wheat (quin) 2113.5 2151
2.2 barley (quin) 102 26.20
2.3 Maize (quin) 35.875 75.72
2.4 Linseed 8.6 4.6
Fallowing, crop rotation, manure and chemical fertilizers are employed to maintain soil
fertility. On the other hand, planting trees, check dam construction, terrace and contour
plowing are the major method employed for soil conservation.
3.2.9 Agricultural Activities Calendar of the Dodola Woreda

The time of performing agricultural activities such as land preparation, planting,
weeding and harvesting vary depending on the agro-climatic and type of crops.
No Crop Land Preparation Planting (Sowing) Weeding Flowering Maturity Harvesting
type time time time time Time time
1 Wheat February to June End of June to August September October December
and July &November
Barely
2 Oat February & June July August September October December
3 Teff April to July August September - October December &
November
4 Horse February to June June July & September October December &
bean August November
5 Linseed February May July & September October November
August
Table 3.10 Average ox-holding size of the farmers according to the data obtained from
the Agricultural and rural development office.
1999
0 3725
1/2 3991
1 10854
2 1023
3 422
4 and above 135
Average land – holding Size per household (1.89ha)
There are a number of per harvest and post harvest Agricultural losses due to diseases
and pests. In the districts the most prevalent crops diseases includes corn smut, root
stalk, ear rots, smuts while corn borers, Army worms, grasshoppers, cut warms and
weevils are a major crops pests.
Currently, there are about 6 NGOs operating in the woreda and they participated on
different communities integrated development activities.
Name of NGOs Major areas of Location No of beneficiaries
interventions/sector
The Ethiopian Evangelical Health, Education Dodola 555
Church Mekan Eyesus
ROBA Health, Agriculture Dodola 4333, 5 peasant Association
Catholic Church Education Integrated Dodola 1300,201471
Farm Africa and SOS shale Agriculture Dodola 91777
Mulu Wongel Amanoch Social Affair Dodola 250
Church
Inter National Friend Ship Gender and Women Dodola 420
Association
Agriculture is mainly subsistence in character and is limited by different factors like too
much or too little rainfall, exhaustion of the fertility of the soil, primitive methods and
techniques of practice, crop pests and diseases, high cost of agricultural inputs, etc.
Dodola has high potentialities for livestock rearing. However, the society gives more
emphasis to quantity than quality due to lack of awareness and animal health
infrastructure. Therefore, the benefit that the society gets from their livestock is very low
compared to their cost. The major livestock feeds in the woreda are common grazing
land and crop residues

2005/06/ 292159 48663 15790 504 29004 13997 0 11767
2006/07 293620 48908 15870 510 29034 14020 0 16668
2007/08 303665 50122 16263 563 29874 14416 0
2008/09 313452 51874 17562 655 30217 15243 0
The major animal diseases known in the woreda are viral or bacterial born diseases such
as Rinderpest, Tuberculosis,Anthrax and Haemorhagic septcemia. There are also endo-
parasites and nutritional deficiency diseases due to shortage of grazing lands during
winter season.
TREATMENT 1999 2000 2001
 Trypansomiasis 675 967 1062
 Internal parasite 33631 33022 34521
 External parasite 621 938 1201
 Others (specify) 195 1012 1121
1. Wound dressing 864 745 865
2. Surgery (open Castration) 532 631 663
3. Infection
Livestock Health Services
-Foreign - - - -
- Ethiopian
4 4 10
 Assistant Technicians
C-Type 2 2 2 2
2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
below.
Year 1998 1999 2000 2001

Mining and Industry
A detailed study of the mineral resource of the woreda had not seen conducted
3.2.17 Road Access
The woreda has a distance of 73kms and 320 km from Shashamane and Finfine
respectively
Initial and final point road (km) (km) Road
1 Hole Amba to Kanko Dodola Gafrsa Kera 8 8 0

Gafrsa kera
2 Dodola to Ganta Hara Dodola Ganta Hara - 8 2 0
3 Dodola to Kachema Dodola Kachema chire - - 6 0
chire
4 Hora to Gerba Torora Dodola Gerba Torora 4 3 - 0
5 Negele to Kanku Dodola Kanko 5 5 - 0
6 Negele to Dama Dodola Dama Chanko 5 5 - 0
Chanko
7 Serofta to Washrebi Dodola Washrebi 8 8 - 0
8 Heraro to Aluma Dodola Aluma shifa 10 10 - 0
shifa
9 Dodola to Ashena Dodola Ashena Robe 62 62 - 0
Robe
10 Negele to Morke Dodola Morke 15 15 - 0
11 Heraro to Bura Adele Dodola Bura Adele - 0
12 Heraro to Ose Birile Dodola Ose Birile 68 68 - 0
13 Heraro to Bikika Dodola Bikika Mekaltu 18 18 - 0
14 Heraro to Beka Dodola Beka 18 18 - 0
15 Dodola to Wabe Dodola Wabe Burkitu 13 13 - 0
Burkitu
16 Dodola to Tulu Dodola Tulu 8 8 - 0
Alewanso Alewanso
17 Dodola to Berisa Dodola Berisa 1.5 1.5 3.5 0
18 Dodola to Deneba Dodola Deneba - - 4 0
19 Edo to Dodola Dodola Dodola - - 17 0
20 Serofta to Alantu Dodola Alantu - - 3 0
21 Serofta to Gare Dodola Alantu - - 2 0
Hunsota
22 Serofta to Koro Doyo Dodola Koro Doyo - - 15 0
23 Serofta to Garba Dodola Garba Tarura - - 13 0
Tarura
Rural road development Office
3.2.18 Communication access
The woreda has digital and regular postal service that helps for provision of
communication service for all the woreda people with in others area.
3.2.19 Energy Supply - Energy sources can be traditional or modern. The major local
energy sources are firewood, animal dung charcoal and farm residue both in rural and
urban areas of the woreda, according to their order of importance, which consequently
woreda. The modern energy sources are electricity, biogas, fossil fuel and solar energy.
3.18 Domestic energy supply of Dodola woreda

Rural Urban
1 Fire wood 1 2
2 Crop residue 2 3
3 Dung 4 5
4 Charcoal 3 4
5 Electric 0 1
6 Diesel 5
20
Number of town +PAs supplied with Hydro 7 30.4
Electricity
Number of town+ PAs not supplied with Diesel 20 69.6
Source Mineral and energy office of west Arsi zone
3.2.20 Water Supply- About percent of the 91% urban and 27percent of the rural
population of the woreda were supplied with potable water in the year 2006/07. The
major sources of drinking water unprotected spring, pond, rivers well, lakes and tap
water in their order of importance. Safe and reliable water supply is most often
restricted to urban centers.
Table 3.20 Number of deep wells, shallow wells, hand-dug wells, spring development
Water works 1999 2000 2001

Deep wells 13 15 14
Shallow wells 8 19 38
Hand-dug wells
Spring development 8 8 8
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
Table 3.21 Urban + Rural Supplied with potable water in the Woreda

E.C in percent
1999 141473 12400 153873 10.39 91 37
2000 147132 12896 160028 26.72 95 40
2001 152622 13412 166034 34.88 100 42
4 Educations
fair share.
and reduce local disparities of schools as a key strategy.
institutions
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
2 Primary (1-8) 40 1 42 1 42 1
3 Secondary(9-10) 1 0 1 0 1 0
Source: Dodola woreda Education office
Level Type of schools 1999 2000 2001
Rural urban Tota Rural urba Tota Rura urban Total
l n l l
(1-8) Government 498 0 498 530 0 530 530 0 530
Non Government 10 0 10 10 0 10 10 0 10
Total 508 0 508 540 0 540 540 0 540
(9-10) Government 7 0 7 7 0 7 8 0 8
Non Government 0 0 7 0 0 7 0 0 0
Total 7 0 7 7 0 7 8 0 8
(11- Government 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12) Non Government 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

show that the altitude of society changes to wards education
No School Level by sex Year
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
Male 24 12 36
Female 15 13 29
2 Primary (1-8) 30801 31417 37087
Male 17243 17007 19583
Female 13558 14410 17504
3 Secondary (9-10) 629 648 790
Male 443 436 550
Female 186 212 240
Male 0 0 0
Female 0 0 0
5 Technical training 0 0 0
Male 0 0 0
Female 0 0 0
Year
2006/07 37.6 18.8 27.3 0 0 0
2007/08 0 0 0
2008/09 0 0 0
Level 1999(2006/07) 2000(2007/08) 2001(2008/09)
TTI and12+ 201 128 329 197 124 321 170 115 285
Diploma 77 30 107 139 47 186 182 69 251
12+4 and BA/B.SC 6 0 6 7 1 8 17 1 18

1 Health centers 0 0 2
2 Clinics 8 10 6
3 Health posts 9 9 12
4 Drug vender
5 Hospital 0 0 0
6 Pharmacies
7 Sanitary
8 Malaria 0 0 0
9 Number of People treated in health institutions 34430 31118 35300
10 Health Coverage (%) 45 48 50
Source: woreda health office

No 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
Health personnel Gov NGO Gov NGO Gov NGO
1 Doctors 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 Nurses 7 0
3 Health assistants 6 0 4 1 4 2
4 Supportive staff 13 0 4 0 11 0
5 Laboratory technicians 1 0 2 0
6 X-Ray technicians 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 Sanitarians 2 0 2 0 3 0
9 Pharmacists 0 0 0 0 1 0
10 Pharmacy technician 1 0
11 Junior health professionals
12 Extension 28 0 43 0 43 0
Table 4.9 Five top diseases in Dodola woreda by rank in 2000E.C
No. Types of disease Number %
1. Bronco Pneumonia 1668 26
2. All other invective and parasite disease 1237 19
3. All other disease of genitor – urinary system and specific 1218 19
4. Muscural rheumatism and rheumatic 1172 18
5. Gastric 1112 18
Total 6407 100
4.4 Health problems of the woreda The major health problems are un even distribution
of health services, shortage of trained man-power, low coverage of clean water and
health services, lack of self hygiene and environmental sanitation, which result into high
prevalence of communicable diseases, prevalence of sexual transmitted diseases such as
HIV, etc.
4.5 Social Security
Unemployment is one of the indicators of social security in a country. Dodola woreda, as
in the country in general, unemployment is mainly urban problem, which is caused by
rapid rural-urban migration. It is motivated mainly by the migrants’ expectation to get
better economic opportunity in urban area due to lack of information regarding the real
situation exists in urban area of the country in general and woreda in particular.
Therefore, the number of unemployed labor force increases in urban areas of the
woreda, which in turn increases social in securities and problem.
2001 466 313 153
Source Justice office of west Arsi zone
Domestic Revenue
1999 2000 2001
10855890 16338080 18253060

Table 4.13 Recurrent Expenditure Analysis of Dodola woreda
Type of 2000 2001
General Service 2151435 426618 2578053 3177528 740829 3918257
Social Services 6643420 387460 7030880 9709977 404200 10114177
Total 15116318 1443722 16560040
10840107 1059811 11899918
Table 4.14 Capital Expenditure Analysis of Dodola woreda
General Service 196000 585000 250000

Social Services 178000 335000 588921
Total 938921
434000 990000
4.7 Tourism
new space, hospitality services accommodation foods & beverages, tours souvenir
elements include rest and relaxation culture adventure new and different experience.
- Transport
- Locate
- Accommodation
4.15 Sport activities and facilities in the Woreda - Football, Volleyball and Athletics are
types of sport activities in the woreda. However, there are no well-organized sport
facilities in the woreda.
Table 4.14 Number of Registered sports men by type of sports
1999 2000 2001
Athletics 60 65 70
Basket ball 7 12 30
Foot ball 50 50 75
Volley ball 30 25 30
4.8 Trade activities - Off farm activities like trade, carpentry, handcrafts, pottery, etc are
not yet developed especially in the rural areas of the woreda. The majority of the
There are many development activities on going in the woreda by government, non-
government and community. These include construction of schools, health
infrastructures like, health posts and health centers in different peasant association,
water scheme development, animal health posts, environmental protection (Soil and
water conservation), road construction and maintenances and other similar activities.
Table 4.15 on going Development Activities in Dodola woreda
Type of Activities Woreda Peasant association Total budget of year
Gafresa Kara 50000
FTC Dodola Kata Barenda 50000
Hole Amba Kanku 50000
Dama Chalko 50000
Gare Serofta 50000
Primary School Kanko 32000

5.1.1 Problems
activities, etc major environmental problems are high soil erosion due to deforestation,
over grazing, over cultivation and miss use of land resources in general. The main cause
of environmental degradation of the woreda is population pressure.
5.1.2 Potentials
The woreda has high potential for livestock, poultry and fishery. More over, the woreda
has highly suitable climatic condition and fertile soil for the production of different
types of crops, natural, historical and cultural tourist attraction potentials.
1. Introduction
compiled information concerning physical and socio-economic condition of the kofale
2. Physical Setting
2.1 Location and Size
Kofele district is located at southern West Arsi zone. It extends from 060 50' to 070 09'
northing and 38038' to 39004' easting. The district is located in the humid temperate
climatic zones, however, the modification of the climate is caused by altitude and
within an area of 802km2 .The woreda is far away 25km from West Arsi Zone and
270km from Finfine and the woreda shares bounder line with Gedeb Hasasa in the East,
Dodola in the Southeast, Shashemene in the west, Kore in the North and Southern
people’s regional state in the South. Kofale is the administrative center of the woreda
Table2.1 Name of peasant association, house hold, and Average family size
No Kofale Total population of peasant Average
House hold
Association family size
Name of Peasant Male Female Total Male Female Total
Associations (PA)
1 Make Burko 3891 3866 201

7757 1192 1393 6
2 Gofingira Gumicho 2912 2854 1257
5766 1359 2616 2
3 Wamanye Alkeso 3712 3474 362
7186 838 1200 6
4 Quma Mamo 1687 1969 754
3656 559 1313 3
5 Bitacha 3230 2294 394
5524 1100 1494 4
6 Atamu 3129 3826 396
6955 759 1155 6
7 Garmama 3684 2486 575
6170 1307 1882 3
8 Hula bara 3275 3504 253
6779 689 942 7
9 Guchi 2994 2769 80
5763 464 544 11
10 Abosa Adamonye 3314 3029 97
6343 821 918 7
11 Qanqu 1885 1550 121
3435 666 787 4
12 Chatimana sanqela 3187 3491 554
6678 911 1465 5
13 Kebete 1740 1195 365
2935 1076 1441 2
14 Hase halke 2474 2178 1002
4652 1149 2151 2
15 Bachel gigissa 3317 4100 127
7417 863 990 7
16 Ilka bebe 3887 2232 137
6119 2549 2686 2
17 We/Abiyu 3002 4342 1548
7344 1231 2779 3
18 We/Abosa 1955 2367 1298
4322 982 2280 2
19 We/Bulchana 2076 1698 291
3774 753 1044 4
20 Wa/Heqena 2044 1335 675
3379 1168 1843 2
21 Bumbato Haro 3157 3612 72
6769 657 729 9
22 Da/Dannisa 2000 2500 291
4500 753 1044 4
23 We/Bendelichu 3098 3193
6291 858 541 1399 4
24 We/wolu 3539 4028
7567 823 822 1645 4
25 Achakete 1917 1263
3180 734 58 792 4
26 Na/Bullo 2854 3411
6265 554 211 765 8
27 Buro galama 2435 2552
4987 534 198 732 7
28 Ca/erense 3225 3441
6666 425 202 627 11
29 Tullo 3883 5067
8950 1135 485 1620 6
30 Tullo Buke 3956 4217
8173 814 560 1374 6
31 Benjo Ashoka 1378 1374
2752 247 187 434 6
32 Ca/wolensu 3772 2155
5927 490 250 740 8
33 Ro/Ashoka 3299 2140
5439 1563 804 2367 2
34 Sa/Mudi
2200 1990 4190 446 159 605 7
35 Wa/Abosa 3974 4269
8243 2874 3714 6588 1
36 Wo/Boshoo NA NA NA
3000 3010 6010 NA
37 Wo/uta NA NA NA NA
2400 2300 4700
38 Wo/Burara 2319 2217 NA NA NA NA
4536
39 Gina Atoye NA NA NA NA
2154 2540 4694
40 Giru Abiyu NA NA NA NA
2214 2141 4355
Total 19041
114169 111979 226148 NA 52384 5
Source: Agricultural &Rural development office of kofale woreda
2.2. Geology
Geological survey shows that the district characterized by plain, hilly, valley and gorges.
The district is geologically subdivided into Abay Formation, Alghe group and Belete
Uen Formation. About 98.6% of the total area of the district is under Belete Uen
Formation, Alghe Group and Abay Formation constitute 1.2% and 0.2% respectively.
2.3 Climate
The district has two major agro-climatic zones. About 83.6% of the total area of the
district is under Dega agro-climatic zone, while only 16.4% is under Weina Dega. The
district is found in areas having 211 LGP to 365 LGP. The annual rainfall of the district is
about 1300mm and the annual temperature is about 10 to 240C.
Table 2.2 Thermal woreda classification

Altitude Annual Description Area (%)
mean temp Conventional Afan Oromo Typical crops
_ _ Kolla Gammoojji _ _
2400m 220c Weina Dega Badda Daree 10 Barley Wheat, Maize
2600m 150c Dega Baddaa 90 Maize, Sorghum, Cassava,
Sweet Potato,
Banana,Enset,teff and others.
2.4 Means Annual Rainfall – The maximum rain fall of months are June, July and
August, with 1200mm, the driest months are January and February. The coldest month
is December and November with 12 0C and 50C average and minimum Temperature
respectively. While April (miyazia) is the hottest month with 150C average annual
temperature and 220C maximum temperature.
Kofale receives abundant and well-distributed rainfall both in amount and season,
which is conducive for different types of vegetation growth and agricultural activities.
On average, the woreda gets a monthly mean rainfall of 70mm and annual mean rainfall
of 1200mm.

2.5 Drainage and Relief
Kofale Woreda Characterized by plains hills, Valleys and gorges. The major and Known
Mountain found in woreda is Duro (3050m). Attitudinally, the woreda extends from
2000m (relatively the lowest elevation) to 3050m above sea level (the highest elevation in
the woreda. Two major river basins (Wabi Shebele and The Lakes basins) and a large
number of intermittent and perennial rivers drain away from the district. Kure, Remisa,
Wabe, Arsasa, Anjelelo, Gimdolojo, Totolamo, Hesa, Ashoka, Abiyo, Lala, Kiro and Gite
Rivers are major rivers that drain in and outside Kofele district. In most cases, the upper
catchment or the headwater of these rivers belong to Kofele district. These rivers
originate from the highlands of the district and drain off the nearby districts and out of
the zone.
2.6 Soils
According to the data obtained from Kofale woreda Agricultural Office, larger portion
of the woreda, i.e. about 545.36km2 lie under Eutric Nitosols , 152.38km2 lie under Pellic
vertisols while, the remaining 104.26km2 lie under Orthic Acrisols. Eurtic Nitosols and
vertisols have good agricultural potentiality, while
The major soil types include available in Kofale woreda
Table 2.3 the major soil types available in Kofale woreda
Eutric Nitosols 65
Pellic vertisols 19
Orthic Acrisols 12
Page 1
2.7 Vegetation
Vegetation and wild life are playing a great role for the development of the district. In
the previous time the largest part of land was covered by different vegetation and also
contains different wild life. But the natural vegetation of district is highly disturbed by
human intervention currently the existing forest is natural forest.
Nature of the natural of vegetation of Kofale Woreda ranges from wooded grass land to
afro alpine.
bush.
Table 2.4 Climatic climax vegetation of kofale
No Class type km2 %
1 Afro alpine and Sub Afro alpine NA NA

10 Total 240.6 29
Government Protected Forest:-
Name of forest Location Natural Man made Total %
2000 Shashemene Branch Kofale 23458 NA 23458 29
2001 Shashemene Branch Kofale 23458 NA 23458 29
Page 2
2.8 Wild life
Wild life have significant role for economic development of the district. The district has
different types of wild life ranging from small sized to big animals. The major types of
wild animals include Leopard, Fox, Rabbit, Monkey and Ape. Different type of brids
also exists in the area. There are no parks, reserved area or sanctuaries for wild life in the
district.
3.1.1 Population
→ Fertility
→ Mortality
→ Migration
According to the projection made from the 1999 Population and Housing census, the
total population of kofale woreda was187282, 194748 and 242247in the year 1999 and
2001 respectively. The urban population of the Kofale was accounted 7 % of the total
population during the 2001 years. Female accounted for about 47% of the urban and 50
of the rural population.
Table 3.1 Population of Kofale district by sex and place of residence
Rural Urban Total
1997 82083 75799 7288 6377 89371 82176 171547
157882 13665
1998 85784 79200 7617 6659 93401 85859 179260
164984 14276
1999 89495 82923 7932 6932 97427 89855 187282
172418 14864
2000 93195 86065 8267 7221 101462 93286 194748
179260 15488
2001 8598 7501 122767 119480 242247
114169 111979 226148 16099
Source: W/A/F/&E/D/O statistical abstracts
Page 3
Table 3.2 the age group of kofale Woreda

The age Percent
0 -14 48.7 48.7 34 35.4 34.7 47.6 47.8
48.7 47.7
15 - 64 47.8 48.5 63.3 61.5 62.4 48.6 49.1
48.5 49.1
65+ 2.8 2.8 2.7 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.81
2.8 2.8
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Table 3.3 Distribution of population of the woreda by sex and wider age group
Group Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total
0-14 2884 2661 55254 54535
5545 109789 58138 57196 115334
15-64 5478 4602 54289 54289
10080 108578 59767 58891 118658
65+ 236 238 3196 3155
474 6351 3432 3393 6825
Total 8598 7501 16099 113454 111979
225433 122052 119480 241532
Ethiopia, the average household size of the woreda is 6 person per household for the
woreda, which is 6 for urban and 6 for rural per household.
3.1.5 Sex Ratio - the over all sex ratio of in Woreda is estimated to be about 102 males
per 100 females. In urban areas the ratio is 115 males per 100 females, whereas for rural
area it is 101males per 100 females.
Page 4
3.1.6 Population Density- the crude population density (the ratio of total population to
total area) of the woreda was 264 people per km2 in (2006/07) and it was increased to
302 persons per km2, in the year 2008/09.
Table 3.4 Crude and agricultural density of the kofale woreda
Year Total Rural Total area Cultivable Crude Agricultural
population population (km2) land (km2) density density
1 2 3 4 5 6=2/4 7=3/5
1998 179260 708.8 - 253 -
164984
1999 187282 708.8 - 264
172418 -
2000 194748 708.8 240.6 275
179260 -
2001 242247 802 - 302
226148 -
3.2Environmental condition
3.2.1 Agriculture
Agriculture is the business of food production. The history of agricultural crop

the same seed as the mother first activities of Agriculture in all country is to produce
food stuffs to meet the economic demand and where possible also the human needs of
the population. However, it is characterized by lack of access to modern technology and
lack of information. Low productivity dependency on rain fall, lack of irrigation
practice, lack of new varieties and agriculture in puts (fertilizers, pesticide). As a result
the sectors are remained subtend (from hand to mouth) in its nature. However, the
districts are potential rich particularly for farming practice its àgro climatic condition
(d. This makes the districts suitable for cereals crops such as teff, Wheat, Barely and
Maize. In the districts Maize covers the largest portion of cultivated land.
Page 5
In Kofale woreda, there were 32 farmers’ associations with 5800 (14% females) member
farmers in the year 2008/09
2008/09
Year of Registered Name of FSC Member
FSC 32 M F Tota Running Fixed Total
l
NA Benejo Ashoka 89 31 120 7807 952
8759
1997 Garmama 191 40 231 23651.65 261
Shenato
23912.65
1997 Gudina Tokuma 255 32 287 35390.18 1618
37008.18
1997 Gurmicho 166 44 210 17987.80 499.5
18487.3
1996 Hulabara 1169 224 1393 239093.8 43092.4
282186.2
1998 Robe Ashoka 268 17 285 9114.04
9114.04
1997 Bitacha 184 31 215 21472.16 4125.85
25598.01
1997 Burka misoma 223 16 239 40423.7 4082.55
44506.25
1998 Mada Boka 148 17 165 16824.31 465
17289.31
1998 kanani Mudi 212 18 230 7419.57 1670
9089.57
1998 Shabe jafar 118 8 126 9776.75 321
10097.75
2000 Burka Corino 80 15 95 2018 2725
4743
2000 Gudina Sodare 86 6 92 6777 214
6991
2000 Abdi Boru 112 3 115 3904 201
4105
NA Mada Gudina 97 6 103 8222 270
8492
2000 Nago Danaba 80 - 80 2788 270
2995
1999 Haro Dudina 75 2 77 2905 295
3200
NA Wege Abosa 87 1 88 4616 214

4830
NA Fedhi misoma 129 1 130 4190 304
4494
1998 Washarmina 50 3 53 3334.5 287
3621.5
Page 6
Achakate
2000 Hegana 41 41 3185 177
3362
2000 Afamo 206 32 238 4309 205
4514
NA Moke borko 261 20 281 4357 263
4620
1998 Bandalicho 211 40 251 23832.8 2009.6
25842.4
1996 Wamagne 218 47 265 98771.85 15423
114194.9
- Welensu 138 18 156 6935 325
7260
2000 Gudatu Simbo 25 12 37 NA NA
0
2000 Darg/angala 20 10 30 NA NA
0
2000 Hawi Gudina 23 11 34 NA NA
0
1997 Lata Gurmicho 21 NA 21 NA NA
0
2000 Madda Gudina 13 NA 13 NA NA
0
Total
5086 714 5800 614752.1 80461.9 695214
Source: Farmers Service Cooperatives office of kofale woreda
3.2.3 Food Aids, Food Self- sufficiency and Situation of Droughts.
Kofale Woreda is considered as food self-sufficient area. However, there are households
that have food insecurity problem. The severity of the problem, however, varies from
year to year depending on rainfall condition. It also varies from PA to PA, as results all
PA are not equally vulnerable to drought.
organization and population benefited (2007/08-2008/09)
Year Grain(qt) Pulses CSF(qt)* Oils(Doz)
2007/08 128 2934.6 106.6 9.1 12869
2008/09
Page 7
Land use / cover type is dynamic because of population pressure and socio-
economic changes. However, due to shortage of data we cannot indicate these
changes.

1 Total land Uses 802 100
3 Cultivable land 240.6 30
4 Vegetation cover ( forest , bush shrub and woody land) 232.58 29
5 Others 29.92 3.7
Total
Source: O /F/&E/D/O statistical abstracts
3.2.5 Crop production

Crop is a plant or a collection of plants produced artificially or naturally for the benefit
or service of man. Climates factors like, rain fall, market, social factors, and availability
of labor determines crop production. All the mentioned above available in the all
woreda the weather condition also suitable for the production of crops such as teff,
Wheat, Barely, Maize, Sorghum, Oats, Chickpeas, Nueg, Linseed, Millet and others
crops.
Woreda are cereals, pulses, oil seeds and others. Among cereals, teff, barley and wheat
are the pre-dominant and among pulses horse beans and field peas are grown widely.
Other crops include vegetables, root crops and stimulants are also grown. Area under
cereals covers the largest part of the total area of the woreda.
Page 8
Table 3.8 Estimates of area cultivated (hectare) and production of major crops (quintal)
for peasant holdings by season
No Major 2007/8 2008/09
Cult 0 4500 4500 0 4647 4647
1 Wheat (ha)
Prod 0 117842.8 117842.8 0 102234 102234
(qt)
Cult 0 18962.5 18962.5 0 16266 16266
2 Barley (ha)
Prod 0 352022 352022 0 291888 291888
(qt)
Cult 0 4500 4500 0 7372 7372
3 Maize (ha)
Prod 0 233302 233302 0 258020 258020
(qt)
Cult 0 20 20 0 187 187
4 Horse (ha)
beans Prod 0 2475 2475 0 2057 2057
(qt)
Cult 0 400 400 0 146 146
5 Field peas (ha)
Prod 0 5092 5092 0 1168 1168
(qt)
Cult 0 1149 1149 0 972 972
6 Linseed (ha)
Prod 0 6919 6919 0 5346 5346
(qt)
Cult 29590 29590
Total (ha) 200194 200194
Prod
(qt) 717652.8 717652.8 660713 660713
The data of fertilizer, pesticides and herbicides presented in the following table do not
reflect the actual amount utilized by the farmers of the woreda, because some farmers
might buy from private traders. The given data represents only amount distributed by
woreda cooperative and agricultural office.
Table 3.9 Amounts and types of fertilizers, improved seeds, herbicides and pesticides
Page 9
DAP 1490 3442
UREA
2 Improved 520.5 665
Teff
Wheat 377.5 460
Barley 3 119
Maize 140 86
3 Pesticides(Lit) - 5
Pesticides(kg) - -
Herbicides(lit) - 2
National Welfare particularly health agricultural economy depends on fertile soil or
(productive soils). Soils may be naturally fertile or may be naturally rather than infertile
and unproductive. There are indigenous techniques of maintaining Soil fertility by local
farmers among the techniques Crop rotation, animals dung and fallowing land while the
modern techniques of Soils conservation are contour plough and making upper plot
running water aversion ditch but Soil bund making, planting trees, terracing and
planting grass Strips in Supply plots are categorizing to modern method of Soil
Conservation techniques Using plant residues, manure, crop rotation , and fallowing
land are traditional way of maintaining soil fertility while Fertilizer in common way to
maintaining Soil fertility in each PA
3.2.9Agricultural Activities Calendar of the Kofale Woreda
The time of performing agricultural activities such as land preparation, planting,

weeding and harvesting vary depending on the agro-climatic and type of crops.
Page 10
No Crop type Land Planting (Sowing) Weeding Flowering Maturity Harvesting time
Preparation time time time Time
time
1 Wheat and March to June End of June to July August September October December
Barely &November
2 Maize February & July August September October December
June
3 Field peas April to July August September - October December &
November
4 Horse February to June July & September October December &
bean June August November
5 Linseed February May July & September October November
August
Source :- Agricultural and rural development office of kofale worda
Table3.11 Number of farmers with Oxen and with out

1999 2000 2001
0 3725 3987 -
1/2 3991 4311 -
1 10854 11253 -
2 1023 1125 -
3 422 543 --
4 and above 135 150
There are a number of per harvest and post harvest Agricultural losses due to diseases
and pests. In the districts the most prevalent crops diseases includes corn smut, root
stalk, ear rots, smuts while corn borers, Army worms, grasshoppers, cut warms and
weevils are a major crops pests.
Page 11
Currently, there are about 5 NGOs operating in the woreda and they participated on
different communities integrated development activities.
Name of NGO Major areas of interventions/sector Location No of

beneficiary
Ethiopian Catholic Church Education, integrated project and kofale 203686
Gender
Arsi Development Aid Association Integrated Kofale 4000
Mulu wogel Amanoch Church People mobilization labuor Social Affairs Kofale 50 child
Charity Development program People mobilization labuor Social Affairs Kofale 310
Rural Organization for betterment of Agricultural, integrated, Gender Kofale NA
Agro Pastoralist /ROBA/
Kofale has high potentialities for livestock rearing. However, the society gives more
emphasis to quantity than quality due to lack of awareness and animal health
infrastructure. Therefore, the benefit that the society gets from their livestock is very low
compared to their cost. The major livestock feeds in the woreda are common grazing
land and crop residues

2005/06/ 143477 55993 2607 1290 25824 3422 0 NA
2006/07 146457 61958 2786 567 26665 3691 0 16246
2007/08 149386 63197 2842 704 27198 3867 0 20114
2008/09 152374 64461 2986 729 27224 3944 0 28114
3.2.13Lives tock Diseases
The major animal diseases known in the woreda are viral or bacterial born diseases such
as Rinderpest, Tuberculosis, Anthrax and Haemorhagic septcemia. There are also endo-
Page 12
parasites and nutritional deficiency diseases due to shortage of grazing lands during
winter season.
TREATMENT 1999 2000 2001

3. Infection 121 314 280
1 3 3
 Clinics(total)
A-Type 0 0 0 0
B-Type 0 0 0 0
C-Type 1 1 1 1
2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
below.
Year 1998 1999 2000 2001
Page 13

3.2.16 Mineral- Currently, there is no known minerals as well as mining activity in the
woreda. But the quarrying of stones for building and other construction purposes is
widely under operation in the woreda.
Page 14
Food Industry Number 0 0 0
Capital 0 0 0
(‘000Birr)
Employees 0 0 0
Wood work and Metal Number NA 36 6
Capital(Birr) NA NA 42000
Employees NA NA 16
Grain mill Number NA NA NA
Employees NA NA NA
Capital(Birr) 0 0 0
Employees 0 0 0
Blocket Industry Number 0 0 0
Capital(Birr) 0 0 0
Employees 0 0 0
Number NA 36 6
Total Capital(Birr) NA NA 42000
Employees NA NA 16
*Include coffee processing machines, blocket and bread and cake industries
Source: Revenue office of kofale woreda
3.2.18 Infrastructure and Social Services
Road Access
respectively.
Table 3.18
No Type of roads 1998 1999 2000 2001
All weather roads 48 48 48 48
Asphalt 0 0 0 15
Gravel 25 25 25 25
Dry weather roads 77 77 77 77
Page 15
The district has digital and agent postal service that helps for provision of
communication service for all the district people within others area.
3.2.20 Energy Supply - Energy sources can be traditional or modern. The major local
energy sources are firewood, animal dung, charcoal and farm residue both in rural and
urban areas of the woreda according to their order of importance which consequently
woreda.The modern energy sources are electricity, biogas, fossil fuel and solar energy.
Table 3.19 Domestic energy supply of Kofale district
Rural Urban
1 Fire wood 1 2
2 Crop residue 2 3
3 Dung 4 5
4 Charcoal 3 4
5 Electric 0 1

43
Electricity
with Electricity
3.2.21 Water supply
About 96 percent of the urban and 36 percent of the rural population of the woreda
were supplied with potable water in the year 2008/09. The major sources of drinking
water unprotected spring, pond, rivers well, lakes and tap water in their order of
importance. Safe and reliable water supply is most often restricted to urban centers.
Table 3.21 Number of deep wells, shallow wells, hand-dug wells, spring development
Page 16
Water works 1998 1999 2000 2001
Deep wells 2 2 2 4
Hand-dug wells
2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
Years in population size of the woreda Population access to potable water in percent
E.C

1998 164984 14276 179260 25 90 23
1999 172418 14864 187282 28 93 29
2000 179260 15488 194748 34 95 39
2001 226148 16099 242247 36 96 40.5
4 Educations
fair share.
Page 17
According to the data obtained from the district educational office in 1999 E.C there
were18 first primary cycles Schools (1-4), 23 second primary cycle Schools (5-8), and one
high School (9-10) in the woreda. In 2000E.C the numbers of schools have been increased
to 22 and 24 first primaries and secondary primary school respectively
institutions
2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
2 Primary (1-8) 37 4 38 4 41 8 46 10
3 Secondary(9-10) 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
5 Preparatory 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
Source: zonal and woreda Education office
Table 4.2 Numbers of Classrooms by Type and Level of Schools
Level Type of schools 1998 1999 2000 2001
R U T R U T R U T R U T
(1-8) Government NA NA 421 408 90 498 432 96 528 432 96 528
Non NA NA 19 19 9 28 20 22 42 22 27 49
Government
Total NA NA 440 427 99 526 452 118 570 454 123 577
(9-10) Government 0 36 36 0 36 36 0 42 42 42 0 42
Non 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Government
Total 0 36 36 0 36 36 0 36 36 0 36 36
(11-12) Government 0 6 6 0 6 6 0 6 6
Non 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Page 18
Government
Total 0 6 6 0 6 6 0 6 6

show that the altitude of society changes to wards education.
Year
1 Kindergarten NA 191 476 514
Male NA 98 236 232
Female NA 93 240 282
2 Primary (1-8) 32724 33362 35181 39616
Male 19069 18646 18954 23149
Female 13143 14716 16227 16467
3 Secondary (9-10) 3690 4287 4338 4191
Male 2865 3131 2991 2693
Female 825 1156 1347 1498
4 Preparatory (11-12) 0 404 500 499
Male 0 355 440 433
Female 0 49 60 66
5 Technical training 0 0 0 0
Male 0 0 0 0
Female 0 0 0 0

Year
2006/07 77.1 67.8 72.57 NA NA NA 3.93 0.9 2.4
Page 19
4.3 Teachers’ distribution
Table 4.5 Number of teachers (1-12) by educational level and sex
Level 1999(2006/07) 2000(2007/08) 2001(2008/09)
TTI and12+ 218 127 345 180 116 229 122
296 351
Diploma 128 36 164 136 42 147 52
178 199
12+4 and BA/B.SC 18 0 18 25 14 46 4
39 50
Total
364 163 527 341 172 513 422 178 600
Table 4.ational examination and ESLCE result in government and NGOs school
1 Grade 8
1.1 Candidate 1224 1448 2071 2068 2032
Male 918 1062 1449 1319 1251
Female 306 386 622 749 781
1.2 Promoted 1181 1421 2004 1978 2001
Male 876 1036 1392 1243 1226
Female 305 385 612 735 775
2 Grade 10
2.1 Candidate 764 1228 1564 NA NA
Male 612 1000 1250 NA NA
Female 152 228 314 NA NA
2.2 Promoted NA NA
<2.0 345 566 625 NA NA
Male 300 510 544 NA NA
>2.0 419 662 939 NA NA
Male NA NA NA NA NA
Female NA NA NA NA NA
3 Grade 12 NA NA NA NA NA
3.1 Candidate 267 159 69 NA NA
Male 233 146 59 NA NA
3.2 Failed 135 87 5 NA NA
Male NA NA NA NA NA
Female NA NA NA NA NA
Total NA NA NA NA NA
3.3 Promoted 130 72 64 NA NA
Male 112 59 55 NA NA
Page 20

2 Clinics 8 9 9 5
4 Drug vender 4 4 4
5 Hospital 0 0 0 0
7 Malaria 0 0 0 0
8 Number of People treated in health institutions 34521 46040 50340 58850
9 Health Coverage (%) 46 48 56.8 60

N 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
o NG NG NG NG
Health personnel Gov O Gov O Gov O Gov O
1 Doctors 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 Nurses 8 4 7 4 14 1 16 1
3 Health assistants 4 7 5 1 0 1 0
4 Supportive staff 21 0 20 0 25 0 26 0
7 Sanitarians 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
9 Pharmacists 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12 Extension 5 0 29 0 42 0 70 0
Page 21
4.4 Health problems of the woreda
The major health problems are uneven distribution of health services, shortage of
trained man-power, low coverage of clean water and health services, lack of self hygiene
and environmental sanitation, which result into high prevalence of communicable
diseases, prevalence of sexual transmitted diseases such as HIV, etc.
Table 4.10 ten top diseases in the district by ranks in 1999 and 2000
Type of disease Number % Type of disease Number %
1999 2000
1 RTI 1254 16 Intestina parasite 2512 17.0
2 I.P 1184 15 Pneumonia 2429 16.0
3 Gastritis 1139 14.4 Gastritis 1875 12.7
4 AFI 1108 14 AFI 1287 8.7
5 Minor injury 968 12.5 Skin infection 1280 8.6
6 UTI 579 7.3 Arthritis 114 7.7
5
7 STDS 484 6.12 STIS 1137 7.6
8 Arthritis 471 6 LRTI 1083 7.3
9 URTI 369 4.7 URTI 1060 7.1
10 Skin infection 350 4.4 Diarrhoea 943 6.2
4.5 Social Security
Unemployment is one of the indicators of social security in a country. Kofale woreda, as
in the country in general, unemployment is mainly urban problem, which is caused by
rapid rural-urban migration. It is motivated mainly by the migrants’ expectation to get
better economic opportunity in urban area due to lack of information regarding the real
situation exists in urban area of the country in general and woreda in particular.
Therefore, the number of unemployed labor force increases in urban areas of the
woreda, which in turn increases social in securities and problem.
Page 22
2001 315 160 155
Source: supreme Court of west Arsi zone
Table 4.12 Recurrent Expenditure Analysis of the woreda
Type of 2000 2001
General Service 2230620 305796 2536416 3033119 480676 3513795
Social Services 6355298 324488 6679786 9332725 368279 9701004
Table 4.13 Capital Expenditure Analysis of the woreda
Type of 1999 2000 2001
Expenditure
General Service - 15000
Economic Services 218000 178000 -
Social Services 13000 171583
258000
Total 186583
231000 436000
Domestic Revenue
1999 2000 2001
10511060 14173550 14950600

4.7 Tourism
new space, hospitality services accommodation foods and beverages, tours souvenir
Page 23
elements include rest, relaxation and different experience.
 Transport
 Locate
 Accommodation,
Kofale woreda has better opportunities for the development of tourism economy.
However, due to lack of promotion and tourist amenities like standard hotels and other
social infrastructures, tourism economy is not yet developed in the woreda. Similarly,
meaningful survey and study are not conducted to assess tourist attraction sites
potential of the district.

There are many development activities on going in the district by government, non-
government and community. These include, construction of schools, health
infrastructures like Hospital, health posts and health centers in different PA, water
scheme development, animal health posts, environmental protection (Soil and water
conservation), road construction and maintenances and other similar activities.
4.10 Sport activities and facilities in the Woreda - Football, Volleyball and Athletics are
types of sport activities in the woreda. There are well-organized sport facilities in the
woreda.
4.11 Trade activities - Off farm activities like trade, carpentry, handcrafts, pottery, etc
are not yet developed especially in the rural areas of the woreda. The majority of the
Page 24
5 Problems and Potentialities
5.1.1 Problems
activities, etc major environmental problems are high soil erosion due to high
deforestation, over grazing, over cultivation and miss use of land resources in general.
The main cause of environmental degradation of the woreda is population pressure.
5.1.2 Potentials
Regarding potentialities of the woreda, the woreda has high potential for livestock and
poultry. More over, the woreda has highly suitable climatic condition and fertile soil for
the production of different types of crops, natural, historical and cultural tourist
attraction potentials, highly suitable lands for irrigation (especially in lowlands), high
labor power for an expansion of labor intensive industries, high potential of exportable
items such as hides and skins, coffee, local cash crops (oil seeds and spices), etc.
Page 25
1 Introduction
compiled information concerning physical and socio-economic condition of the woreda
2. Physical Setting
2.1 Location of Kokosa Woreda and Size
The Current Kokosa woreda was administered in 1968E.C. The woreda found in the
East north part of West Arsi zone and It extends from 060 37' 55” to 060 56' 40"N latitude
and 380 37' 50" to 380 37' 50'' E longitude. The district is located in the humid temperate
climatic zones, however, the modification of the climate is caused by difference in
altitude.
The woreda is far away 105km from West Arsi Zone and 360km from Finfine. The
woreda shares boundary with in Kofale in the North, Nensabo and Dodola in the
Southeast, Bansa and Arbegona in the South and Shabadino and Hawassa in the West.
The administrative center of the woreda is Kokosa. Within an area of 727.46km2
Page 26
Table 2 1Name of peasant association, house hold, and Average family size
No Kokosa Total population of House hold Average
Name of Peasant Male Femal Total Male Femal Total
Associations (PA) e e
1 Gutu 65
3177 3195 6372 716 781 8
2 Hade 39
2763 2139 4902 698 737 7
3 Boro 162
6820 7920 14740 1129 1291 8
4 Jafro 305
4501 4715 9216 1428 1733 5
5 Danshe 110
2900 4326 7226 1020 1130 6
6 Omba 38
2462 3297 5759 449 487 9
7 Busasilo 15
2562 2700 5262 545 560 9
8 Hogso 103
2666 4173 6839 827 930 7
9 Bore 45
1035 1320 2355 265 310 8
Page 27
10 Sabu 135
3706 2536 6242 1006 1141 5
11 Shifa 465
3489 4185 7674 1060 1525 5
12 Bokore 457
3493 3685 7178 980 1437 5
13 Hebano 86
3546 3902 7448 838 924 8
14 Dula 70
2379 2568 4947 766 836 6
15 Dayu 64
3494 3874 7368 753 817 9
16 Hurufa 77
4402 5368 9770 853 930 9
17 Tulu 18
3425 3465 6890 1064 1082 6
18 Woyo 80
4246 5042 9288 961 1041 9
19 Ararso 279
4798 4962 9760 637 916 8
20 Jeda 200
3002 3325 6327 1010 1210 5
21 Dike 80
3714 4400 8114 735 815 9
22 Chiko 475
2008 5100 7108 891 1366 5
Total
74588 86197 160785 18631 3368 21999 7
Source: Agricultural &Rural development office of kokosa woreda
2.2 Geology
The present surface rock distribution, the land configuration and other natural
phenomena in Kokosa district are all the results of the past geologic history and tectonic
movements in the upper mantle-lithospheric portion of the Afro-Arabian landmass. The
district is geologically sub-divided into Belete Uen Formation and Alghe Group which is
indicated in brief explanations of these formations of the district are given as follow.
Belete Uen Formation also previously known as Belete Uen Formation Series occurs in
larger portion of the district particularly in the area following the Wabi Shebele Valley. It
is formed in late Cretaceous age and consists of limestone with some sandstone and
shale.
Alghe Group consists of dominantly gray biotite-hornblende gneisses and granulites of
variable color, partially containing ill defined masses of relatively uniform orthogneiss
of granodioritic, tonalitic and dioritic compositions. It occurs in eastern and southeastern
parts of the district.
Page 28
Page 29
2.3 Climate
Agro-climatic zone is an areal unit delineated in terms of major climatic variable and
growing period, which is suitable for certain range of crops and cultivators. The climatic
conditions of the district range from temperate to cold temperate, and the rainfall
amount and pattern also are very similar.
The district shares as whole belong to temperate (bada dare) and cold temperate (bada)
agro climatic zones. About 18.3% 0f the total area of the district is under temperate (bada
dare) agro-climatic zone, while the rest portion of the district falls under cool temperate
(81.7). The mean annual rainfall and temperature are 1200mm and 240C respectively.
Kokosa district is a district in which both growing periods are adequate for rain fed crop
production in most years. The second growing period is the most important and double
cropping is possible in most years. The spacing between the growing periods is such
that harvesting problems may arise sometimes for some crops but both growing periods
can be more readily bridged by supplementary irrigation. In general the district falls in
areas of having LGP of 271-365.
Page 30
Page 31
Altitude Annual mean Area Typical crops

temp Description (%)
0 0 Kolla Gammoojji 0 0
2000 – 2400m 14-180c Weina Dega Badda Daree 98.5 Maize , Haricot bean ,wheat,
and Horse bean,
1900-3899m 16-240c Dega Baddaa 1.5 Maize, Sorghum, Barely, wheat,
Chickpea, Enset and
Vegetables
2.4 Means Annual Rainfall – The maximum rain fall of months are June, July and
August, with 1200mm, the driest months are January and February. The coldest month
is December and November with 14 0C and 30C average and minimum Temperature
respectively. While April (miyazia) is the hottest month with 100C average annual
temperature and 280C maximum temperature.
Kokosa receives abundant and well-distributed rainfall both in amount and season,
which is conducive for different types of vegetation growth and agricultural activities.
On average, the woreda gets a monthly mean rainfall of 90mm and annual mean rainfall
of 1400mm.
2.5 Relief
Geological survey show that the two distinct physical features of the district are the
southern and southern eastern undulating plain associated with mountainous terrain
and the north and the western flat plain. About 95% of the district topography is
undulating Hill, valleys and mountains cover the remaining 5%.
The woreda consist number of well known Mountain Gorxe (3060m), Mountain Tirsu
(3050m), Gaxa Mountain (3000m), Silo and Jijuge The category of Badda Dare
temperature is found in the low land areas of Wabe, Lobita, Maganamo and Hafursa
and Arba
Page 32
Kokosa Woreda is known by having several perennial and intermittent rivers.
Some of the known rivers of the woreda are wabe, Logita, Maganamo and Hafursa.
Table 2.3 Perennial Rivers of the woreda
Name of rivers Its Base
Districts Name of place
wabe Kokosa Ilka

Logita Dodola Korduro
Maganamo Kokosa Kulkulu
Hafursa Gorche -
Page 33
Page 34
2.7 Soils
Kokosa district is endowed with limited and fragile soil resource where mixed crop-
livestock sedentary agriculture is practiced in the highland areas. The soil resources of
the district are classified into Vertisols, Luvisols and Nitosols. They are 3 major soil
types in Kokosa district.
Vertisols mostly occur on broad nearly flat to undulating topography, which often lack
integrated natural drainage networks. These soils swell to become very plastic and
cohesive; and when dry shrink with deep and wide crack. They are extremely variable
and are found on a variety of land forms and across a spectrum of parent materials, with
the exception of evaporate. Pelic Vertisols occupies 43.9% of the total area of the district.
Much of it occurs in those agro-ecological zones that permit their intense cultivation for
extensive crop and livestock production.
Fluvisols (52.9%) are young soils developed in recent alluvial deposits of river plains,
deltas, former lakes and coastal areas. It is sub-divided into chromic luvisols (28.0%) and
orthic luvisols (24.9%). Orthic luvisols cover northern part, while chromic luvisols cover
western and eastern parts of the district. In general, Fluvisols are good for agriculture
and often intensively used for agriculture in the district.
Nitosols (3.3%) are reddish brown to red clay soils of tropical regions and show features
of strong weathering. On the whole, unless on steep slopes and/or eroded, the soils are
deep and are very porous. They have a high moisture storage capacity and a deep
rooting volume. Eutric Nitosols are confined to highlands in Kokosa district.
Page 35
Page 36
2.8 Vegetation
Vegetation and wild life are playing a great role for the development of the district. In
the previous time the largest part of land was covered by different vegetation and also
contains different wild life. But the natural vegetation of district is highly disturbed by
human intervention currently the existing forest is natural forest. About 70% of the
district soils have limited agricultural potentialities. Grass is the major land covers of the
district about 37.5% of the woreda were covered by bush, shrub and spare forest
(remnant tree species).
bush. Table2.4 Climatic climax vegetation of Kokosa woreda
km2 %
10 Total 15562 21.39
2.9 Government Protected Forest
Year Name of forest project Location Natural Man made Total % of total
(Hectare) (Hectare)
1999 Kokosa 7407 8155 15562 21.39
2000 Kokosa 7407 8155 15562 21.39
2001 Kokosa 7407 8155 15562 21.39
Page 37
2.10 Wild life
Wild life have significant role for economic development of the district. The wild life in
the district is limited in varieties and small in size the major type of wild life of the
district Antelope, Hyena and Fox are some of the common wild animal. There is no wild
life sanctuary in the district.
3.1.1 Population
→ Fertility
→ Mortality
→ Migration
According to the projection made from the 1999 Population and Housing census, the
total population of Kokosa woreda was144845 and 164989in the year 1999E.C and
2001E.C respectively. The urban population of the Kokosa was accounted 2 % of the
total population during the 2001 years. Female accounted for about 43% of the urban
and 53of the rural population.
Table 3.1 Population of Kokosa Woreda by sex and place of residence
Rural Urban Total
1997 63069 72969 1655 1338 64724 68898 133622
136038 2993
1998 65585 70264 1720 1386 67305 71650 138955
135849 3106
1999 68208 73075 1781 1441 69989 74856 144845
141283 3222
2000 70831 75886 1850 1496 72681 77382 150063
150482 3346
2001 2412 1792
74588 86197 160785 4204 77000 87989 164989
Page 38
Table 3.2 Distribution of population of the woreda by sex and wider age group
Group Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total
0-14 812 636 37032 41562
1448 78594 37844 42198 80042
15-64 1535 1098 34621 42609
2633 77230 36156 43707 79863
65+ 65 57 2935 2026
123 4961 3000 2083 5083
Total 2412 1792 4204 74588 86197 160785 77000 87989 164989
Ethiopia, the average household size of the woreda is 7 person per household for the
woreda, which is 7 for urban and 7for rural per household.
Page 39
3.1.5 Sex Ratio - The over all sex ratio of in Woreda is estimated to be about 88 males per
100 females. In urban areas the ratio is 135 males per 100 females, whereas for rural area
it is 87 males per 100 females.
3.1.6 Population Density- the crude population density (the ratio of total population to
total area)
Table 3.3 Crude and agricultural density of the Kokosa woreda

Total Rural Total Cultivable Crude Agricultural
Year population population area land (km2) density density
(km2)
1 2 3 4 5 6=2/4 7=3/5
1998 138955 712.66 - 195 -
135849
1999 144845 712.66 - 203 -
141283
2000 150063 712.66 - 211 -
150482
2001 727.46 314.91 227
164989 160785 511
Source: W/A/F/&E/D/O statistical abstract

3.2.1 Agriculture
Agriculture is the business of food production the history of agriculture crop
the same seed as the mother tree.
The first activities of Agriculture in all country is to produce food stuffs to meet the
economic demand and where possible also the human needs of the population.
However, it is characterized by lack of access to modern technology, lack of information,
low productivity dependency on rain fall, lack of irrigation practice, lack of new
varieties and agriculture in puts (fertilizers, pesticide). As a result the sector is
remained substance (from hand to mouth) in its nature. However, the district is
potential rich particularly for farming practice its àgro climatic condition (dominates by
cool (alpine) 98.5% and Badda dare (sub tropical 1.5%). This makes the woreda suitable
for cereals crops such as Linseed, Wheat, Barely and Field peas. Among these cereals
wheat covers the largest portion of cultivated land.
Page 40
In kokosa woreda, there were 26 farmers’ service cooperatives whose members were
more than 2925 (38.4% females).
Table 3.4 Name of Farmers Service Cooperatives and Members
Year of Name of FSC 2008/09

Registered Member Capital
FSC M F Running Fixed
1998 Oguma harka Biftu 19 0 5891 769
1998 Ciracha &Dhaka Hurufa 20 0 3300 700
1999 Ciracha & Dhaka Gutu Maganamo 9 6 3000 170
1999 Gabisa Loni Haro Shifa 30 19 4900 170
1999 Gabisa Loni Kayo 30 31 6100 170
1999 Gabisa Loni Gaxa 37 19 4480 170
1999 Gabisa Loni Hebano 37 16 5300 170
1999 Kusanaf Liqi Abdi Boru 32 18 2500 170
1999 Kusanaf Liqi Bulcha 30 30 2400 170
1998 Kusanaf Liqi Hade Gobantu 14 26 72975.33 167.73
1997 Kusanaf Hebano 0 270 77920.62 1500
1997 Kusanaf Liqi Nano Bokore 0 222 12830 204
1999 Kusanaf liqi Tokuma 27 173 4800 170
2000 0 187 7480 1470
1999 Kona mara diki Hora 82 2 1767.91 3238
1999 Kona maraa Omba 29 22 5100 170
1999 Kona maraa Hogiso 29 21 5000 170
1996 Kona Mara Kayo 217 2 138814 1430
1999 Gabisa Loni Hebano 0 0 10000 -
1996 Investment Kayo 295917 63764
1999 Kusanaf Liqi Abdi Boru 16000 0
1995 Kona Mara Hebano 450 34 28786 700
1995 Investment Hebano 5400 170
Page 41
1997 Kona Mara Dayu 54 0 12758 2482
1996 Kona Mara Bokore 103 4 929716 11657
1997 Investment Bokore 0 0
1994 Kona Mara Hurufa Dasta 203 5
1999 Kona Mara Boro 40 14
Kona Mara Ararso 308 4
Total
Source: Farmers Service Cooperatives office of kokosa woreda
Kokosa woreda is considered as food self-sufficient area. However, there are households
that have food insecurity problem. The severity of the problem varies from year to year
depending on rainfall condition. It also varies from district to district, as result all
district are not equally vulnerable to drought.
organization and population benefited
2006/07 68.9 2239 57.75 15.6 5500
2007/08
Page 42
Land use / cover type is dynamic because of population pressure and socio-economic
changes. However, due to shortage of data we cannot indicate these changes.
Table 3.6 Land use/cover of Kokosa Woreda

3 Forest 151.66 20.85
4 Riparian woodland or bush land 45.17 6.21
5 Open bush land 5.3 0.73
6 Perennial swamp 3 0.41
7 Water body 6.96 0.96
Page 43
Page 44
Crop is a plant or a collection of plants produced artificially or naturally for the
benefit or service of man. Climates factors like, rain fall, market, social factors, and
availability of labor determines crop production. All the mentioned above available in
Kokosa woreda the weather condition also suitable for the production of crops such as,
Wheat, Barely, and Maize. Kokosa woreda most known by production of permanent
crops like Enst.
Woreda are cereals, pulses, Enset and others. Among cereals, barley and wheat are the
pre-dominant and among permanent Enst is grown widely. Other crops include
vegetables, fruits, root crops and stimulants are also grown. Area under permanent
covers the largest part of the total area of the woreda.
Page 45
Table 3.7 Estimates of area cultivated (hectare) and production of major crops (quintal)
No Major crops 1997/1998 1998/1999 1999//2000 2000/2001
Belg Meher Total Belg Meher Total Belg Meher Total Belg Meher Total
Cereals Cult (ha) 0 3450.7 3450.75
1 5
Prod (qt) 0 40299. 40299.5 0 0 0 0
5
Teff Cult (ha) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 Prod (qt) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wheat Cult (ha) 0 1193 1193 0 1198 1198 0 1468.5 1468.5 0 1422 1422
3 Prod (qt) 0 14603 14603 0 22223 22223 0 38030 38030 0 29640 29640
Barley Cult (ha) 0 1400.5 1400.5 0 1450 1450 0 1596 1596 0 1852 1852
4 Prod (qt) 0 13659. 13659.5 0 20578 20578 0 29487 29487 0 24114 24114
5
Oats Cult (ha) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 Prod (qt) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sorghum Cult (ha) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 Prod (qt) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Maize Cult (ha) 0 857.25 857.25 0 870 870 0 0 0 0 1935 1935
7 Prod (qt) 0 12037 12037 0 32230 32230 0 0 0 0 50431 50431
Pulses Cult (ha) 0 6901.5 6901.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 Prod (qt) 0 80599 80599 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lentils Cult (ha) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 Prod (qt) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Page 25
Horse beans Cult (ha) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 102.5 102.5 0 0 0
10 Prod (qt) 0 0 0 0 1428.4 1428.4 0 0 0
Chick peas Cult (ha) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11 Prod (qt) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Field peas Cult (ha) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 103.5 103.5 0 0 0
12 Prod (qt) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1068.6 1068.6 0 0 0
Haricot Cult (ha) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
13 beans Prod (qt) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cult (ha) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
14 Vetch 0 0
Prod (qt) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cult (ha) 399 399 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
15 Oil Seed Prod (qt) 0 3505.5 3505.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cult (ha) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
16 Niger seed Prod (qt) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cult (ha) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
17 Linseed Prod (qt) 0 399 399 0 5541 5541 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cult (ha) 0 3505.5 3505.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
18 Rapeseed Prod (qt) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cult (ha) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
19 Sea-same
Page 26
actual amount utilized by the farmers of the woreda, because some farmers might buy from
private traders. The given data represents only amount distributed by woreda cooperative and
agricultural office.
Table 3.8 Amounts and types of fertilizers, improved seeds, herbicides and pesticides
No Type of inputs YEAR
1997/1998 1999/2000 1999/2000 2000/2001
1 Fertilizers
1.1 DAP (Quinn) 624 783.5 380 930
1.2 UREA(Quinn) - - - -
2 Improved seed - - - -
2.1 wheat (quin) 100 150 450 210
2.2 barley (quin) - - - -
2.3 Maize (quin) - - 86 -
Pesticides(Lit) - - - -
Pesticides(kg) - - - -
Herbicides(lit) - - - -
Fallowing, crop rotation, manure and chemical fertilizers are employed to maintain soil fertility.
On the other hand, planting trees, check dam construction, terrace and contour plowing are the
major method employed for soil conservation.
Page
3.2.9 Agricultural Activities Calendar of the Kokosa Worda
No Crop Land Preparation Planting (Sowing) Weeding Flowering Harvesting time
type time time time time
1 Wheat March to June January to July July to September December to
August February
Barley April to July June to August July to September November to
September February
2 Maize February & Jan January to April March to May to November to
August June December
4 Horse February to June June July & September December &
bean August November
5 Linseed February March to May July & September November to
August December
6 Horse May to June June to July July to September December to
bean September to October February
Source: Agricultural &Rural development office of Kokosa woreda
Page
Table 3.10 Average ox-holding size of the farmers according to the data obtained from the
Agricultural and rural development office
1998 1999 2000 2001
0 14994 14350 - -
1 500 650 1500 2000
2 512 600 1200 1250
3 29 50 78 85
4 and above 18 45 - -
source: Agricultural &Rural development office of Kokosa woreda
There are a number of per harvest and post harvest Agricultural losses due to diseases and pests.
In the districts the most prevalent crops diseases includes corn smut, root stalk, ear rots, smuts
while corn borers, Army worms, grasshoppers, cut warms and weevils are a major crops pests.
Table 3.11 Name of NGO, major area of intervention, location and No of beneficiary
Name of NGO Major areas of Locatio No of

interventions/sector n beneficiary
The Ethiopia Evangelical Church Mekan Health Kokosa 20PA’s
Eyesus
Farm Africa and SOS Shale Agricultural Kokosa 91777

Kokosa has high potentialities for livestock rearing. However, the society gives more emphasis to
Page

2004/05 285802 59333 18567 518 36737 1573 0 40007
2005/06/ 304142 61185 18969 559 37928 1675 0 49532
2006/07 324142 66185 19469 659 39928 1775 0 60962
2007/08 349102 70185 19769 759 41928 759 0 72685
2008/09 374142 75185 20069 859 43928 2112 0
Table 3.13
TREATMENT 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
 Trypansomiasis 900 1161 467 499 658
 Internal parasite 19740 24838 25412 27248 35684
 External parasite 6130 8237 3794 3981 4562
3. Infection 5495 8115 5741 5588 6521
Page
Livestock Health Se
VETERINARY PERSONNEL 1997 1998
1999 2000 2001
 Veterinarian doctor 0 0 0 0 0
 Animal health assistants 2 3
0 0 0
 Technicians 4 3 1 1 0
 Assistant Technicians 0 0 2 2 11
 Meat inspectors 0 0 0 0 0
 Clinics(total) 0 0 0 0 0
A-Type 0 0 0 0 0
B-Type 0 0 0 0 0
C-Type 1 1 1 1 1
 Health posts ( D – Type) 5 5 3 3 5
2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
agricultural inputs and creating awareness among the farmers is very large and crucial.
Accordingly, there are Das in the woreda as it could be seen from the table below.
Year 1998 1999 2000 2001
Page
crop is difficult. The districts face soil erosion problems due to lack of forest conservation. The
people use different methods and techniques to conserve the soil such as, trace conservation, land
agricultural in put, market economy, shortage of farm land, serious soil erosion and very low
saving practices or habits are some of the major constraints of agricultural in the woreda.
3.2.16 Mineral- Currently, there is no known minerals as well as mining activity in the woreda.
But the quarrying of stones for building and other construction purposes is widely under
operation in the woreda.
3.2.17 Industry- The development of the industrial sector can play a great contribution in creating
job opportunity, income generation, utilizing the locally available raw materials and improving
the technological inputs for different economic sector as well as for import substitution.
Page
Infrastructure and Social Services
3.2.18 Road Access
No Name of road with initial Woreda Rural Gravel

and final point (km)
1 Hogiso – Bokore &Hebano Kokosa 21

2 Hebano Ela – Dula&Dayu Kokosa 13
3 Dama Gaxa - Ararso Kokosa 18
4 Omba Jafaro - Danshe Kokosa 9
5 Boro Silo - Boro Kokosa 12
6 Sabu Abake - Sabu Kokosa 10
7 Ela Diki - Haro Kokosa 8
8 Gutu Danshe - Danshe Kokosa 16
9 Boker Fifota - Shifa Kokosa 8
10 Diki Kawo – Diki Haro Kokosa 8
11 Gaduda Korifitu- Kokosa 6
Hebano& Shifa

The district has wireless and agent postal service that helps for provision of communication
service for all the district people within others area.
3.2.20 Energy Supply - Energy sources can be traditional or modern. The major local energy
sources are firewood, animal dung charcoal and farm residue both in rural and urban areas of the
woreda, according to their order of importance, which consequently intensifies deforestation rate
and minimize the role of manures as natural fertilizer in the woreda. The modern energy sources
are electricity, biogas, fossil fuel and solar energy. Currently, from 20 kebele, 2 have been supplied
with electric power system while the remaining Kebele 18 gets from diesel power.
Page
Table3.18 Domestic energy supply of Kokosa woreda
Rural Urban
1 Fire wood 1 2
2 Crop residue 2 3
3 Dung 4 5
4 Charcoal 3 4
5 Electric 0 0
6 Diesel 5 1

20
Electricity
Number of town+ PAs not supplied Diesel 18
with Electricity
3.2.21 Water supply

About 40percent of the urban and 19 percent of the rural population of the woreda were
supplied with potable water in the year 2008/09. The major sources of drinking water unprotected
spring, pond, rivers well, lakes and tap water in their order of importance. Safe and reliable water
supply is most often restricted to urban centers.
Water works 1998 1999 2000 2001
Deep wells 0 0 0 0
Hand-dug wells
2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
Page
Table 3.21Urban + Rural Supplied with potable water in the Woreda
Years in population size of the woreda Population access to potable

E.C water in percent
1998 135849 3106 138955 5 15.5 10.3
1999 141283 3222 144845 11 30 20
2000 150482 3346 150063 20.7
2001 160785 4204 164989 22

Fuel service -There is no fuel filling stations in the woreda.
4 Educations
Education is fundamental to enhancing the quality of human life and ensuring social and
economic progress.
educational goals of Oromia region. This can be achieved through expansion of schools and
reduce local disparities of schools as a key strategy.
Kokosa woreda. In 2000 the numbers of schools have been increased to 11 and 20 first primaries
and secondary primary school respectively.
Page
institutions
2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
2 Primary (1-8) 30 0 31 0 33 0 36 4
3 Secondary(9-10) 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
5 Preparatory 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Source: zonal and kokosa woreda Education office
Page
Page

l n l l
(1-8) Government 274 23 297 346 25 371
Total 0 0 0 346 25 371 0 8 8
(9-10) Government 0 23 23 0 26 26 0 26 26
Total 0 32 32 0 26 26 0 26 26
(11- Government 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12) Non Government 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

As mentioned in the previous significant change has been made in expanding schools and
students participation also increased from the previous years in the woreda.
Year
Male 0 0 30 29
Female 0 0 25 25
2 Primary (1-8) 19134 19954 21645 22953
Male 12650 12557 13282 13743
Female 6484 7397 8363 9210
3 Secondary (9-10) 1362 1603 1745 1639
Page
Male 1241 1323 1495 1306
Female 121 280 250 333
4 Preparatory (11-12) 0 0 0 0
Male 0 0 0 0
Female 0 0 0 0
Male 0 0 0 0
Female 0 0 0 0

Year
2005/06
2006/07 48.7 40.76 44.7
2007/08
2008/09
Table 4.5Number of teachers (1-12) by educational level and sex rural + urban
Level 1999(2006/07) 2000(2007/08) 2001(2008/09)
TTI and12+ 196 66 262 197 70 267 210 93 303
Diploma 64 13 77 84 19 103 93 26 119
12+4 and 9 0 9 15 0 15 16 1 16
BA/B.SC
Page
Table.6 National examination and ESLCE result in government and NGOs school
1 Grade 8
1.1 Candidate
Male 597 707 783
Female 65 73 133
1.2 Promoted
Male 485 660 759
Female 54 67 132
2 Grade 10
2.1 Candidate
Male 468 366 530
Female 39 37 41
2.2 Promoted
<2.0
Male 192 200 228
Female 13 15 12
>2.0
3.1 Candidate
Male
Female
3.2 Failed <101 <201 <201 M<175,
F<150 *
3.3 Promoted >101 >201 >201 M> 175,
F>150
Total
Page
Since health is Avery indispensable necessity for his or her life. People in the district face
different difficult problem which either directly or in directly harms in their health. In such
condition they must get enough health safety facilities like Health centers, malaria C.C Clinics,
health Posts and drug vender.
Table 4.8Number of health institutions administrated under health Department

2 Clinics 5 5 5 4
5 Hospital 0 0 0 0
7 Malaria 0 0 0 0
8 Number of People treated in health institutions 48560 51960 65684
9 Health Coverage (%) 84 85 87

2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
N NG NG NG NG
o Health personnel Gov O Gov O Gov O Gov O
1 Doctors 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 Nurses 7 8 16 2 16 2 18 2
12 Extension 6 0 29 0 30 0 38 0
Page
services, shortage of trained man-power, low coverage of clean water and health services, lack of
self hygiene and environmental sanitation, which result into high prevalence of communicable
Table 4.10 Ten top diseases in the woreda by ranks
Type of disease 1999 2000
Number % Type of disease Number %
1 Acute Upper Respiratory 4132 Intestinal parasite 5102
22.7 10.8
2 Intestinal Parasite 3611 19.9 AURTIS 4886 7.1
3 Gastritis 2375 13.1 Pneumonia 4210 4.4
4 Rheumatism 2130 11.8 Rheumatism 3917 11.5
5 Skin infection 1043 5.8 Skin infection 3667 15
6 STI 1552 8.5 Gastritis 4133 12
7 Urinary tract injection 1460 Traumatic injuries 2410
8 14
8 Pneumonia 777 STI 2154
4.7 6
9 Traumatic injuries 662 Urinary tract injection 2110
3.6 62
1 Conjunctivitis 456 Conjunctivitis 1504
0
2.5 12
Total 18198 100 Total 100
34096
4.5 Social Security
Unemployment is one of the indicators of social security in a country. Kokosa woreda, as in the
migration. It is motivated mainly by the migrants’ expectation to get better economic opportunity
in urban area due to lack of information regarding the real situation exists in urban area of the
country in general and woreda in particular. Therefore, the number of unemployed labor force
increases in urban areas of the woreda, which in turn increases social in securities and problem.
Page
2001 246 106 140
Finance and Financial Institutions
Domestic Revenue
1999 2000 2001
8430220 12479180 14601270
Table 4.13 Recurrent Expenditure Analysis of Kokosa woreda
General Service 2267601 372977 2640578 2845452 612727 3458179
Social Services 5150366 343845 5494211 7459226 393895 7853121
Table 4.14 Capital Expenditure Analysis of Kokosa woreda
Type of 1999 2000 2001
Expenditure
General Service 318000 30000 -
Social Services 49000 724000 -
Total 467000 428267
888000
Page
4.7 Tourism
Tourism is smokeless industry comprising a number of tangible and intangible components.
The tangible elements include transport systems such as air rail, water and new space, hospitality
services accommodation foods & beverages, tours souvenir related services such as banking,
insurance and safety and security. The intangible elements include rest and relaxation culture
adventure new and different experience.
- Transport
- Locate
- Accommodation
4.8 Locate
Reveals the holiday destination and what it offers to tourist attraction. Kokosa woreda has
many attraction locations such as, water fall, water spring, historical place and high land.
Table 4.15 Existing tourist attraction in kokosa woreda
Name of the
Attraction site Its distance/km/ from Type of the It’s situation**
Wereda site*
Logita Kokosa 367 117 Water fall Good
Hafursa Kokosa 367 117 Water fall Good
Elka Wabe Kokosa 367 117 Historical Good
Siancho Kokosa 367 117 Historical Good
Agana Kokosa 367 117 Historical Good
Tirsu Kokosa 367 117 Historical Good
Gamo Abba Ambo Kokosa 367 117 Historical Good
Source: woreda tourism office

4.9 Sport activities and facilities in the Woreda - Football, Volleyball and Athletics are types of
sport activities in the woreda. However, there are no well-organized sport facilities in the woreda.
Page
Table 4.16 Number of Registered sport men by Type of sport
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Athletics 0 0 15 22 30
Basket ball 0 0 0 0 0
Foot ball 0 0 26 32 28
Volley ball 0 0 14 16 23
developed especially in the rural areas of the woreda. The majority of the population of the
woreda is agrarian. Trading activity is mostly carried out in urban areas. Hence trading is an
economic activity for the majority of urban population.
and community. These include construction of schools, health infrastructures like, health posts
and health centers in different peasant association, water scheme development, animal health
posts, environmental protection (Soil and water conservation), road construction and
maintenances and other similar activities.
Table 4.17 on going Development Activities in Kokosa woreda in 2001
Type of Activities Location Peasant Total budget of year
association
Health post Kokosa Hebano 951,568.04
Page
5.1.1 Problems
The major economic problems of the woreda are low productivity of agricultural sectors due to
high cost, delay and insufficient supply of agricultural inputs, prevalence of animal diseases, high
unemployment rate, low saving due to high dependency and vulnerability to drought and
famine, lack of experiences on non-farm income generating activities, etc major environmental
problems are high soil erosion due to deforestation, over grazing, over cultivation and miss use of
land resources in general. The main cause of environmental degradation of the woreda is
population pressure.
environmental sanitation, which result into high prevalence of communicable diseases, prevalence
of sexual transmitted diseases such as HIV, etc.
5.1.2 Potentials
The woreda has high potential for livestock, poultry and fishery. More over, the woreda has
highly suitable climatic condition and fertile soil for the production of different types of crops,
natural, historical and cultural tourist attraction potentials.
Page
1 Introduction
It is obvious that with out having enough and reliable information and data about the earths
natural and cultural land escapes, it is difficult to prepare meaning full developmental plan.
Therefore, the main objectives of this document are to present compiled information concerning
physical and socio-economic condition of the woreda and its development constraints.
The main sources of data used for the preparation of the document are woreda Health, Education,
Natural Water Resource Development, Finance and Economic Development departments, as well
as the documents available in our office.
2.1 Location of kore woreda

The Current Kore district was administrated in 1998 E.C. The woreda found in the west part of
West Arsi zone and the astronomical location of the woreda indicates that with altitude over 2626-
2900m within and an area of 300.51km2 The district far away 51km from West Arsi Zone and
301km from Finfine
District shares bounder line with Gedeb Asasa in the east, Arsi Negel and Munesa district in the
North. Shashemene in the West, and kofale in the south
Kore is the administrative center of the woreda
Page
Page
No Kore Total population of peasant Average
House hold
Association family size
Associations (PA)
1 Webo Kaka 128

2258 2280 4538 760 888 5
2 Dhokate Basaku 135
2830 2858 5688 812 947 6
3 Maja Yadale 203
2817 2843 5660 850 1053 5
4 ShireHaragesa 123
2248 2260 4508 652 775 6
5 ShireKombolicha 85
1966 1986 3952 526 611 6
6 Tulu Qore 56
4003 4038 8041 952 1008 8
7 Bulchana Huluka 52
2724 2754 5478 654 706 8
8 Lenca Ansha 95
3733 3769 7502 985 1080 7
9 Sahimana Gadala 66
2557 2575 5132 785 851 6
10 BoleHilensa 121
3085 3108 6193 652 773 8
11 ShireObensa 80
1586 1602 3188 780 860 4
12 Doda Dayu 90
3994 4030 8024 813 903 9
13 Jema Sardo 60
3852 3893 7745 899 959 8
14 Waji Ibsana 80
3251 3285 6536 800 880 7
15 Qoma Saldhe 102
2414 2437 4851 720 822 6
16 Bata Wanxasha 90
3663 3670 7333 905 995 7
17 Huduga Qumbi 105
3881 3917 7798 850 955 8
18 Sahimana Shifa 120
2177 2198 4375 603 723 6
19 Gofingira Chocha 150
2174 2204 4378 702 852 5
20 Eka Dayu 98
1302 1302 2604 500 598 4
Total
56515 57009 113524 15200 2563 17763 7
Source: Agricultural &Rural development office of kore woreda
Page
2.2 Geology
Geological survey shows that the district characterized by plain, hills, valley and gorges .This
makes it conducive for farming activates and extraction of construction materials.
2.3 Climate
The Woreda is divided into two agro-climate woreda mainly due to variation in altitude. This
great variation of temperature provides wide opportunities for the production of different types of
crops range from Moderatly cool to cool thermal woreda.
It is dominantly characterized by Badda (about 88percent) followed by Badda dare (about
12percent) annual temperature. Cool/cold type of thermal zone is found in the highland areas of
Mountain Duro, Mountain Kaka, mountain Kumbi and Fincha lephis. The mean annual
temperature of the Woreda is found between
10-150c in the high land area and 15-220c in the low land area However, there is a slight variation
of temperature from month to months.
Annual Description Area
Altitude mean T Conventional Afan Oromo (%) Typical crops
Kolla Gammoojji
2000- 2600m 150c -220c Weina Dega Badda Daree 12 Maize, Bean, Teff,
2600 – 3000m 100c - 150c Dega Baddaa 88 Barley, Wheat, Lentil
Source: Agricultural &Rural development office of kore woreda
2.4 Mean Annual Rainfall: - For most of the areas, the rainy season starts in March and
extends to October with the highest concentration in June, July and August.
Generally, kore woreda receives abundant and well-distributed rainfall both in amount and
season, which is conducive for different types of vegetation growth and agricultural activities. On
average, the woreda gets annual mean rainfall of 2200mm; 1500mm Max and average respectively.
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Kore Woreda Characterized by plains hills, Valleys and gorges. The major and Known Mountain
found in woreda is Kaka (4190m), Kubi Duro Shire and Fincha. Attitudinally, the woreda extends
from 2000m (relatively the lowest elevation) to 3000m above sea level (the highest elevation in the
woreda).
Kore woreda is knwon by having several perennial and intermittent rivers. Some of the Known
Rivers of the woreda are Anjelelo Xika, Anjelelo Guda, Lega Guracha, Kerenesa and Leya. The
drainage pattern of these rivers is towards the Wabi – Shebele drainage basin
Table 2.3 Perennial Rivers of the woreda
Name of rivers Its Base
Districts Name of place
Anjelelo Xika Gelded Asasa Kaka

Anjelelo Guda Kore Galcha
Lega Guracha Kore Kaka
Kerenesa Kore Daliti Burkitu
Leya Munesa
2.6 Soils
According to the data obtained from Kore Woreda Agricultural Office, larger portion of the
woreda, i.e. about 195.33km2 under Eutric Nitosols, 57.09km2 lie under chromic Pellic Vertisol,
while, the remaining 36 km2lie under Orthic Acrisols.
Table 2.4 the major soil types available in Kore woreda
Eutric Nitosols 65 Southeastern
Pellic vertisols 19 Southern parts
Orthic Acrisols 12 North parts
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2.7 Vegetation
Vegetation and wild life are playing a great role for the development of the district. In the
previous time the largest part of land was covered by different vegetation and also contains
different wild life. But the natural vegetation of district is highly disturbed by human intervention
currently the existing forest is natural forest. About 70% of the district soils have limited
agricultural potentialities. Grass is the major land covers of the district about 25.7% of the woreda
were covered by bush, shrub and spare forest (remnant tree species).
Though the actual area covers by the natural vegetation exactly does not know it was estimated
about 2087 Hectare which includes light forest wounded land, and in band bush.
Table 2.5 Climatic climax vegetation of Kore woreda
Class type Vegetation type Area
No km2 %
1 Afro alpine and Sub Afro alpine 200

6 Woodland and Savannah Juniperus 82
10 Total 20.87 0.63%
Page
Name of forest project Location Natural Man made Total %
(Hectare) (Hectare)
In kore (Doda Dayyuu) 2087 5 2087 0.63

2.8 Wild life
Wild life have significant role for economic development of the district. The wild life in the district
is limited in varieties and small in size the major type of wild life of the district Fox, Rabbit,
Monkey and Ape. Different type of birds also exists in the area. The woreda have No parks which
could be considered as reserved area for wild life.
3.1.1 Population
Population: - is the total number of inhabitants living in a given geographic area for a specific
point in time.
→ Fertility
→ Mortality
→ Migration
According to the projection made from the 1999Population and Housing census, the total
population of Kore Woreda was 109662 and 113524 in the year 1999 and 2001 respectively. The
urban population of the Kore was accounted 4 percent of the total population during the 2001
years. Female accounted for about 45 percent of the urban and 50percent of the rural population.
Table 3.1 Population of Kore woreda by sex and place of residence
1999 52251 52707 104958 2586 2118 4704 109662
54837 54825
2000 54342 54815 109157 2685 2199 4884 114041
57027 57014
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2001 2788 2284 5072
56515 57009 113524 59303 59293 118596

Population (age 15-64 years)
Table 3.2 the age group of kore Woreda

The age Percent
0 -14 51.2 49 50.1 34 35 34.5 50.4 47.4 48.9
15 - 64 45.1 48.3 46.7 63.3 61.8 62.55 46 49.2 47.6
65+ 3.7 2.7 3.2 2.7 3.2 2.95 3.6 3.4 3.5
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
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average household size of the woreda is 6 person per household for the woreda, which is 5 for
urban and 7 for rural per household.
3.1.5 Sex Ratio - the over all sex ratio in the Woreda is estimated to be about 100 males per 100
females. In urban areas the ratio is 122males per 100 females, whereas for rural area it is 99 males
per 100 females.
Table 3.3 Crude and agricultural density of the woreda
1 2 3 4 5 6=2/4 7=3/5
1999 109662 104958 3306.9 33
2000 114041 109157 3306.9
34
2001 118596 113524 3306.9 36
3.2.1 Agriculture
Agriculture is the business of food production the history of agriculture crop production
begins as observed the germination of the seed dropped from a tree produce the same seed as the
mother tree.
demand and where possible also the human needs of the population. However, it is characterized
by lack of access to modern technology, lack of information, low productivity dependency on rain
fall, lack of irrigation practice, lack of new varieties and agriculture in puts (fertilizers, pesticide).
As a result the sector is remained substance (from hand to mouth) in its nature. However, the
district is potential rich particularly for farming practice its àgro climatic condition (dominates by
cool (alpine) 88% and Badda dare (sub tropical 12%). This makes the district suitable for cereals
crops such as, Wheat, Barely Maize, and Horse beans .In kore district Barley covers the largest
portion of cultivated land.
Page
3. 2.2Name of Farmers Service Cooperatives and Members
In kore woreda, there were 18 farmers’ services cooperative with 3955 (9.8 % females) member
farmers in the year 2008/09.
20008/09
Year of Name of Member
Registered FSC
FSC M F Total Running Fixed
14/5/2000 Bikiltu 85 4 9500 12300

kaka
89
15/1/2000 Huluko 97 4 10992 11725
Lami
101
- Shire 1089 143 - -
1232
3/10/2000 Hakuma 74 10 10920 12620
shire
Haregesa
84
6/4/2000 Bultumu 79 4 4600 6150
tulu kare.
83
7/06/2000 Bulchana 35 9120 9300
Huluko
35
3/5/2000 Lencha 90 6 5760 7200
Ansha
96
2000 Walti 39 4 9000 8000
Sahimana
43
10/9/2000 Bole 22 9000 9300
hilensa
22
2000 Kor la 1347 100 21072 55046
1447
Page
24/02/97 Biftu 94 86 11129 10200
misoma
barshe
180
1/02/2001 Jema 100 10 9200 9380
sardo
110
25/3/2000 Tokuma 24 12000 19070
koma
sadhe
24
30/4/2000 Tokoma 104 5 5260 6350
koma
sadhe
109
7/5/98 Sahimana 126 4 9200 9370
shifa
130
8/10/98 Mada 80 5 9300 10800
gobe
85
Total
3485 385 3870 146053 196811
Source: Farmers Service Cooperatives office of kore woreda
Kore woreda is considered as food self-sufficient area. However, there are households that have
food insecurity problem. The severity of the problem varies from year to year depending on
rainfall condition. It also varies from district to district, as result all district are not equally
Page
2006/07 0 0 0 0 0
2007/08 0 0 0 0 0
3.2.4 Land use
Table 3.6 Land use/cover of Kore Woreda
1 Total land Uses 330.69
181.35
2 Cultivated land
3 Cultivable land 20.15
4 Under State farm 16.80
5 Pasture land 85.085
6 Vegetation cover ( forest , bush shrub and woody land) 1.12
7 Degraded , rigged , lift river course(unutilized land) 23.69
8 Swampy and marsh
9 Water body
10 Settlement Area 2.495

of man. Climates factors like, rain fall, market, social factors, and availability of labor determines
crop production. All the mentioned above available in Kore woreda the weather condition also
suitable for the production of crops such as, Wheat, Barely, and Maize. Kore woreda most known
by production of annually crops.
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3.2.6 Crop production of peasant holding - The major food crops produced in the Woreda are
cereals, pulses, Enset and others. Among cereals, barley and wheat are the pre-dominant and
among permanent Enset is grown widely. Other crops include vegetables, fruits, root crops and
stimulants are also grown. Area under permanent covers the largest part of the total area of the
woreda.
Table 3.7 Estimates of area cultivated and production of major crops for peasant holdings by
season
No Major crops 2007/08 2008/09
Meher Total Belg Meher Total
Cult (ha) 2382 2382 0 1679 1679
Wheat Prod (qt) 64314 64314 0 58899 58899
Cult (ha) 14591 14591 0 13753 13753
Barley Prod (qt) 3860422 3860422 0 396468.5 396468.5
Cult (ha) 909 909 0 1129 1129
Maize Prod (qt) 31815 31815 0 52162 52162
Horse beans Cult (ha) 31.5 31.5 0 28 28
Prod (qt) 456.75 456.75 0 412 412
Chick peas Cult (ha) 0 0 0 0 0
Prod (qt) 0 0 0 0 0
Field peas Cult (ha) 238 238 0 369 369
Prod (qt) 3570 3570 0 5407 5407
Linseed Cult (ha) 1991 1991 0 30515.5 3051.5
Prod (qt) 18058.37 18058.37 0 21949 21949
Cult (ha) 201425 0 0 20009.5 0
Total
Prod (qt) 3978636 0 0 535297.5 0
Source: Agricultural and rural development office of kore woreda
Page
Table 3.8 Amounts and types of fertilizers, improved seeds, herbicides and pesticides distributed
to farmers

1 Fertilizers
DAP 5703.5 4474
UREA
2 Improved
Teff
Wheat 20 88.67
Barley 10.35 41.65
Maize 60 232
3 Pesticides(Lit) 139
Pesticides(kg)
Herbicides(lit)
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3.2.9Agricultural Activities Calendar of the Kore Woreda
No Crop Land Planting Weeding Flowering Maturity Harvesting
type Preparation time (Sowing) time time Time time
time
1 Wheat March to June End of June to August September October December
and July &November
Barely
2 Maize February & June July August September October December
3 Field April to July August September - October December &
peas November
4 Horse February to June June July & August September October December &
bean November
5 Linseed February May July & August September October November
Source: Agricultural and rural development office Kore woreda
Page
1999 2000 2001
0 1600 1370 1100

1/2 441 1100 1510
1 1513 2510 3100
2 1118 1670 2300
3 196 310 512
4 and above - - -
Source: Agricultural and rural development office kore woreda
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interventions/sector beneficiaries
Rural Organization for betterment of Health and Agricultural project kore 6008
Agro pastoralist (ROBA) Integrated project.
Ethiopian Catholic Church Health kore NA

Light of Hope ministry Development Education Kore 10000
Association
Gambo Catholic Church elementary Education Kore 147772
Kleinwort Catholic School Elementary Education kore 147772
Ethiopian Catholic Church Integrated project kore 201471
Arsi Development Aid Association Integrated project kore 4000

/ADAA/
Kore has high potentialities for livestock rearing. However, the society gives more emphasis to
Page

2006/07 123370 76689 2985 842 15443 2617 0
2007/08 129538 80523 3134 884 16215 2748 0
2008/09 136014 81023 3291 887 16315 2798 0
Rinderpest, Tuberculosis, Anthrax and Haemorhagic septcemia. There are also endo-parasites and
nutritional deficiency diseases due to shortage of grazing lands during winter season.
Table 3.13
TREATMENT 1999 2000 2001
3. Infection 1915 1830
 Veterinarian doctor 0 0 0
 Assistant Technicians 1 2 3
 Vaccinators 0 0 0
 Meat inspectors 0 0 0
 Clinics(total)
A-Type 0 0 0
B-Type 0 0 0
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C-Type 1 1 1
Non-standard
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
Year 1999 2000 2001
Number of Development Center 18 45 60
Number of DA’s 5 5 5
3.2.15 Mineral- Currently, there is no known minerals as well as mining activity in the woreda.
But the quarrying of stones for building and other construction purposes is widely under
operation in the woreda.
job opportunity, income generation, utilizing the locally available raw materials and improving
the technological inputs for different economic sector as well as for import substitution.
Page
Industry Description (2007/08 2008/09)
Food Industry Number 0 0
Capital (‘000Birr) 0 0
Employees 0 0
Wood work and Metal Number 0 0
Capital(Birr) 0 0
Employees 0 0
Employees 22 22
Coffee processing machine Number 0 0
Capital(Birr) 0 0
Employees 0 0
Blocket Industry Number 0 0
Capital(Birr) 0 0
Employees 0 0
Number 11 11
Total Capital(Birr) 261128 261128
Employees 22 22
*Include coffee processing machines, blocket and bread and cake industries.
Transport and communications access
3.2.17 Road Access
The woreda has a distance of 51 kms and 301 km from Shashamane and Finfine respectively.
Table 3.17
No Type of roads 1999 2000 2001
All weather roads
Asphalt 0 0 15
Gravel 19 19 19
Dry weather roads
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3.2.18 Communication access the district has wireless telephone service
are electricity, biogas, fossil fuel and solar energy. Currently, from 21 kebele, 3 have been supplied
Table 3.18 Domestic energy supply of Kore district
Rural Urban
1 Fire wood 1 2
2 Crop residue 2 3
3 Dung 4 5
4 Charcoal 3 4
5 Electric 0 1

21
Electricity
with Electricity
Page
3.2.20 Water Supply- About percent of the 8% urban and 16 percent of the rural population of the
woreda were supplied with potable water in the year 2008/09. The major sources of drinking
water unprotected spring, pond, rivers well, lakes and tap water in their order of importance. Safe
and reliable water supply is most often restricted to urban centers.
Table 3.20 Number of deep wells, shallow wells hand –dug well, spring development and
distribution schemes giving services in
Water works 1999 2000 2001
Deep wells 0 0 1
Hand-dug wells 0 3 4
Distribution schemes 0 0 0
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
Years population size of the woreda

in percent
1999 104958 4704 109662 3.2 15 3.7
2000 109157 4884 114041 3.7 20 9.4
2001 113524 5072 118596 5 23 15.07
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4 Education
economic progress.
reduce local disparities of schools as a key strategy
the woreda. In 2000E.C the numbers of schools have been increased to 17 and 20 first primaries
and secondary primary school respectively
Table 4.1 Number of kindergarten, primary, senior secondary schools and other institutions
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
2 Primary (1-8) 26 2 29 9 28 9
3 Secondary(9-10) 1 0 1 0 1 0
Source: kore woreda Education office
Page
Table 4.2 Number of class rooms by type and level of school

Rural urban Total Rural urban Total Rural urban Total
(1-8) Government 183 33 216 226 14 240 NA NA NA
Non Government 27 18 45 92 21 113 NA NA NA
Total 210 51 261 318 35 353 NA NA NA
(9-10) Government 0 12 12 0 12 12 0 26 26
Total 0 12 12 0 12 0 0 26 26
(11-12) Government 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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students participation also increased from the previous years in the woreda. This show that the
altitude of society changes to wards education.
Year
1 Kindergarten
Male 0 0 0
Female 0 0 0
2 Primary (1-8) 22962 25340 22552
Male 12160 12809 11082
Female 10802 12531 11470
3 Secondary (9-10) 2131 2561 2564
Male 1587 1686 1579
Female 544 875 985
Male 0 0 0
Female 0 0 0
Male 0 0 0
Female 0 0 0
Year
2006/07 61.4 62.1 61.7
2007/08
2008/09
Page
Level 2000(2007/08) 2001(2008/09)
Male Female Total Male Female Total
TTI 187 54 241 199 53
252
Diploma 69 27 96 110 40
150
BA/B.SC 12 1 13 19 1
20
Total
268 82 350 328 94 422
No Grade level/sex 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07
1 Grade 8
1.1 Candidate 754 1063 1404 1289
Male 589 762 948 787
Female 165 301 456 502
1.2 Promoted 742 1047 1392 1287
Male 579 747 941 783
Female 163 300 451 500
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health Posts and drug vender
Table 4.8 Number of health institutions administrated under health Department.

2 Clinics 3 4 0
4 Drug vender 3 3 3
5 Hospital 1(Ganbo)NGO 1(Ganbo)NG 1(Ganbo)NGO
O
6 Pharmacies 1 1 1
7 Malaria 0 0 0
Number of People treated in health institutions 12982 24314 32739
Health Coverage (%) 36.6 53.3 63
Source: kore woreda Health office

2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
No Health personnel Gov NGO Gov NGO Gov NGO

1 Doctors 0 3 0 3 0 3
2 Nurses 6 14 3 14 12 14
5 Laboratory technicians 1 0 1 3 1 3
8 Community health agents 0 0 0 0 0 0
Page
9 Pharmacists 1 1 1 2 1 3
10 Pharmacy technician 1 2 1 2 1 3
11 Junior health professionals 0 0 0 0 0 0
12 Extension 27 0 40 0 40 0
Source: kore woreda Health office
4.4 Health problems of the woreda The major health problems are uneven distribution of health
4.5 Social Security
Unemployment is one of the indicators of social security in a country. Kore woreda, as in the

2001 239 150 89

Table4.11 Amount of revenue collected by year and source of revenue
1 Direct taxes
Personal income tax(1101A) 966694.80 1032949.15
Rental income tax(1101B) 150488.73 297450.30
Business income tax
Agricultural income tax 545000
Page
Capital gain
Land use fee 600000
2 Indirect tax
3 Non - tax revenue 870930.00 114419.16
Total revenue 3133113.5 1444819
Source: Kore woreda Revenue office
Domestic Revenue
1999 2000 2001
6112020 9799530 12776590

4.13 Recurrent Expenditure Analysis of kore woreda
Type of 2000 2001
General Service 1396527.32 241507 1638034.32 2521972 814023 3335994.76
Economic Services 557361.08 93527 650888.08 1082472 226941 1309412.72
Social Services 4350185.08 169748 4519933.08 6036145 491811 6527956
4.14 Capital Expenditure Analysis of kore woreda
General Service 214000 149000 128293

Economic Services - - 90000
Social Services 150000 133000 651511
Total 869804
364000 282000
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4.7 Tourism
tangible elements include transport systems such as air rail, water and new space, hospitality
- Transport
- Locate
- Accommodation
4.8 Locate
Reveals the holiday destination and what it offers to tourist attraction. Kore woreda has many
attraction locations such as, water fall, water spring, historical place and high land.
Table 4.15 Existing tourist attraction site
Name of the
Attraction site Its distance/km/ from Type of the site* It’s situation**
Wereda
Gara kaka Kore 318 68 Natural Underground
Gara Duro Kore 310 60 Different type of wild life Underground
Kumbi park Kore 310 60 Different type of wild life Underground
Fincha-lephis Kore 330 NA Natural water fall Underground
Bola bube Kore NA NA NA Underground
3.9 Sport activities and facilities in the Woreda Football, Volleyball and Athletics are types of
Table 4.16 Number of registered sport men by Type of sport
1999 2000
Athletics 40 36
Basket ball 16 24
Foot ball 46 64
Volley ball 32 36
Page
Table 4.17 on going Development Activities in Kore woreda in 2001
association
Management Office of kore Kore 360000
Police office Kore 42000
Secondary School Kore 30000
Capacity building office Kore
Page
5.1.1 Problems
unemployment rate, low saving due to high dependency and vulnerability to drought and
famine, lack of experiences on non-farm income generating activities, etc major environmental
problems are high soil erosion due to deforestation, over grazing, over cultivation and miss use of
land resources in general. The main cause of environmental degradation of the woreda is
population pressure.
5.1.2 Potentials
The woreda has high potential for livestock, poultry and fishery. More over, the woreda has
highly suitable climatic condition and fertile soil for the production of different types of crops,
natural, historical and cultural tourist attraction potentials.
Page
1 Introduction
The main sources of data used for the preparation of the document are woreda Health,
Education, Natural Water Resource Development, Finance and Economic Development
departments, as well as the documents available in our office.
The document covers almost the data and activities of the period 2006/07-2008/09, and all the
years are according to the Gregorian calendar. However, due to lack of reliable and consistent
data, the document is not complete and comprehensive enough. Even though it has these
limitations, it could be a valuable source of reference to fulfill the data gap found in the Woreda.
2.1 Location
Nensebo district occupies Northern portion of West Arsi Zone. It extends from 60 17’ 15'' to 60 48'
10''N latitude and 380 56' 30" to 390 30" E longitude. The district is located in the wettest tropical
climatic zone, where the modification is caused mainly by the variation in altitude.
Astronomical location of the woreda indicates that with altitude over 2370-3500m within and an
area of 1803.09km2 and accounts for about 14.51% of the total area of the zone the woreda is far
away 139km from West Arsi Zone and 389km from Finfine.
The woreda shares bounder line with in Dodola ,Adaba, Mena Angute, Meda Welabu , Kokosa
woreda and Southern people regional state. The administrative center of the woreda is Werka.
Nensebo district is sub-divided into 19 rural kebeles, which are the lowest administrative units
and one urban center.
Page
No Nansabo Total population of peasant House hold Average
Association family
Associations (PA)
1 Tulu gola
3375 3000 6375 829 170 999 6
2 Huro bero
3224 2524 5748 543 79 622 9
3 Mendoyu
3165 4124 7289 1097 196 1293 6
4 Refisa
2112 1897 4009 310 100 410 10
Page
5 Bulga
2904 2934 5838 655 75 730 8
6 Korema
2673 2723 5396 595 169 664 8
7 Melka denbi
3679 3171 6850 892 140 1032 7
8 Bedesa
3036 2823 5859 666 172 838 7
9 Nanebo Chebi
2971 2566 5537 651 167 818 7
10 Nansebo gorte
2288 2477 4765 528 64 592 8
11 Riripha
2186 2151 4337 422 48 470 9
12 Roricha
2183 2146 4329 436 47 483 9
13 Hebera
2447 2358 4805 716 49 765 6
14 Fecha’a
3435 3527 6962 526 186 712 10
15 Bohera
2821 2280 5101 776 85 791 6
16 Gerenbamo
2803 2828 5631 827 192 929 6
17 Herewe kuni
3380 3988 7368 625 205 860 9
18 Geta
2508 3095 5603 657 81 668 8
19 Gemechu
2658 3295 5953 622 47 669 9
Total
53848 53907 107755 12373 2272 14345 8
Source: Agricultural &Rural development office of Nansabo woreda
2.2 Geology
About 70% of the Woreda is relief can be categorized under hill and mountain ranges. The
remaining 30% is occupied by valleys, dissected land form, flat plain rolling plateaus. Some of
the perennial river includes Hedema, Balach and Badesa.
2.3 Climate
Nansabo Woreda is divided into three agro-climate zones mainly due to variation in altitude. This
crops.
Page
It is dominantly characterized by WeinaDega (about 62percent) followed by Dega (about
37.5percent) and Kolla (0.5 percent) annual temperature.
The mean annual temperature of the woreda is found between 15-220c in the central high land.
However, there is a slight variation of temperature from months to month. February
Table 2.2 Thermal zone classification of Nansabo woreda
Altitude Annual mean Area Typical crops

temp Description (%)
2370 – 15 - 220c Kolla Gammoojji 0.5 0
3500m
2500– 14-180c Weina Dega Badda Daree 62 Maize , Haricot bean ,wheat,
3000m and Horse bean,
1500-2500m 10-140c Dega Baddaa 37.5 Maize, Sorghum, Barely,
wheat, Chickpea, Enset and
Vegetables
2.4 Means Annual Rainfall – Generally Nansabo Woreda receives abundant and well-distributed
rainfall both in amount and season, which is conducive for different types of vegetation growth
and agricultural activities. The maximum rain fall of months are June, July and August, with
1200mm, the driest months are January and February. The coldest month is December and
November with 14 0C and 100C average and minimum Temperature respectively. While April
(miyazia) is the hottest month with 100C average annual temperature and 220C maximum
temperature.
2.5 Relief
About 70% of the Woreda is relief can be categorized under hill and mountain ranges. The
remaining 30% is occupied by valleys, dissected land form, flat plain rolling plateaus (Chiri plane
and Fecha).
Page
The woreda consist number of well known Mountain Wolaya, Mountain Kogne and Gama Wolale
Mountain.
There are about 20 Rivers in the woreda from which 13 are all seasoning Rivers and the rest are
the rainy season rivers. Belechu, Bedesa, Hodema, Katimera , Halila and Hamile. The rivers are
well kwon and long distance that’s out lets to the Genale water shade. The potentialities that these
rivers could provide are hydro power, irrigation (large and small scale) and water for animals and
human. In addition to the above mentioned rivers there are money spring and wet lands in the
woreda.
2.7 Soils
According to the data obtained from Nansabo Woreda Agricultural Office, larger portion of the
woreda, i.e. about 1081.854km2 under Eurtic Camisoles 486.83km2 lie under chromic luvisols
while, the remaining 237.41km2lie under Chromic Luvisos.
Table 2.3 the major soil types available in Nansabo woreda
Eurtic Camisoles 60 Southeastern
Luvisols 27 Southern parts
Chromic Luvisols 7 North parts
2.8 Vegetation
The woreda has the area about 180309 hectors from which 146337ha is under the boundary of the
regional state forest known as Harana kokosa state forest. This forest is the parts of the Ethiopian
second forest block and’ Bahire Chaka’ is found at Southern part of the woreda and partly in one
of the kebele of the woreda’ Nansabo Gorte’.
The distribution of the forest is from scattered land Hyginea to dense Conifers forest. The main
species of the trees found in the woreda are Hyginea abysinica, Juniprus procera, Garanba (local
name) Asita(local name), Gatame( local name) Korichi (local name), Croton mycrostachus,
Angerea, Sysgium guiness, Cordia Africana, Podocarpus, gilacilar, Soc’ocho(local name),
Setamo(local name) and Tikur inchet(local name).
Page
The forest of the woreda is interred woodened with the lively hood of the population. Duo, to this
reason there is high impact on the forest. There is a frequent flow of population from different
corner of the country, especially from the Southern people Nations and nationality.
Table2.4 Climatic climax vegetation of Nansabo
No Class type km2 %
10 Total 1463.37 81.16
Name of forest project Location Natural Man made Total % of total
(Hectare) (Hectare)
2000 Harana kokosa state forest Nansabo 146337 NA 146337 81.16
2001 Harana kokosa state forest Nansabo 146337 NA 146337 81.16
2.9 Wild Life

As the other natural resource the wild life resource in the woreda are very useful and attractive.
The wild lives found in the woreda are Mountain Nyala, Greater kudu, Columbus monkey, Forest
hog, Bucks, Warthogs, Monkeys, Hyena, loin, Tiger etc. The impacts on the forest by human
directly and in directly have on the wild life resources.
Page
3.1.1 Population
Population: - is the total number of inhabitants living in a given geographic area for a specific
point in time.
Population Dynamic demographic variable, Fertility,Mortality, Migration
population of Nansabo woreda was105233 and 113819in the year 1999 and 2001 respectively. The
urban population of the Nansabo was accounted 5 % of the total population during the 2001 years.
Female accounted for about 48.8% of the urban and 50% of the rural population.
Table 3.1 Population of Nansabo woreda by sex and place of residence
Rural Urban Total
1997 46030 46080 2653 2532
92110 5185 48683 48612 97295
1998 47871 47923 2759 2633
95794 5392 50630 50556 101186
1999 49786 49840 2869 2738
99626 5607 52655 52578 105233
2000 51777 51834 2984 2847
103611 5831 54761 54681 109442
2001 3103 2961
53848 53907 107755 6064 56951 56868 113819

Dependency ratio is the dependent population per economically active section of the population
(age 15-64 years).
Page
Table 3.2 the age group of Nansabo Woreda
The age Percent
0 -14 52.4 46.6 49.5 33.64 35.49 34.54 49.3 48.12 48.9
15 - 64 44 50.7 47.35 63.62 61.34 62.48 47.2 49.08 47.94
65+ 3.6 2.7 3.15 2.74 3.17 2.955 3.5 2.8 3.16
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
average household size of the woreda is 7 person per household for the woreda, which is 7 for
per 100 females.
Page
3.1.6 Population Density- the crude population density (the ratio of total population to total area)
of the woreda was 58 people per km2 in (2006/07) and it was increased to 63 persons per km2, in
the year 2008/09.
Table 3.3 Crude and agricultural density.
1 2 3 4 5 6=2/4 7=3/5
1998 1803.09
101186 95794 - 56
1999 1803.09
105233 99626 - 58
2000 1803.09
109442 103611 310 61
2001 1803.09
113819 107755 300 63
3.2.1 Agriculture
Agriculture is the business of food production. The history of agricultural crop production begins
first activities of Agriculture in all country is to produce food stuffs to meet the economic demand
and where possible also the human needs of the population. However, it is characterized by lack
of access to modern technology and lack of information. Low productivity dependency on rain
As a result the sectors are remained subtend (from hand to mouth) in its nature. However, the
districts are potential rich particularly for farming practice its àgro climatic condition. This makes
the districts suitable for cereals crops such as teff, Wheat, Barely and Maize. In the districts Barley
covers the largest portion of cultivated land.
In Nansabo woreda, there were 15 farmers’ associations with 3066 (7.6% females) member farmers
in the year 2008/09.
Page
No Year of 2008/09 2008/09
Registered Name of FSC Member Capital
FSC Male Femal Total Running Fixed Total
e
1 1988 WHG Woreka 454 160 1460349.98 534045 1994394.
614 98
2 1997 Korama 168 3 21480.43 5000
171 26480.43
3 1997 Bulga 176 6 43882.88 2746
182 46628.88
4 1998 Rafisa 107 0 12000 3500
107 15500
5 1999 Nansabo Chabi 206 4 11500 3000
210 14500
6 1998 Gata Diro 151 1 6895 500
152 7395
7 1997 Mewa 283 29 16530 3092
312 19622
8 1997 Girinota 283 9 20887.61 10523.56
292 31411.17
9 1999 Tulu Lencha 62 0 6000 3170
62 9170
10 1999 Sida Fala 569 9 144000 1182
578 145182
11 1999 Watahi 241 1 2500 850
242 3350
12 1999 Bolo Dikicha 44 0 50000 3400
44 53400
13 1999 Biftu 23 3 25600 302400
26 328000
14 2001 Qonqo 32 6 12000 3900
gamachu
38 15900
15 2001 Garanbamo 33 3 58500 9768
36 68268
Total 2832 234 3066 2779202.
1892125.9 887076.56 46
Source: Farmers Service Cooperatives office of Nansabo woreda
Nansabo woreda is considered as food self-sufficient area. However, there are households that
have food insecurity problem. The severity of the problem varies from year to year depending on
rainfall condition. It also varies from district to district, as result all district are not equally
Page
2006/07 25 250 55.5 4.5 2500
2007/08 - - - -
Due to shortage of data we cannot indicate these changes.
Table 3.6 Land use/cover of Nansabo Woreda

1 Cultivated land 300 17
2 Cultivable land 300 17
3 Forest 146.337 8.1
5 Open bush land
6 Perennial swamp 15 0.8
7 Water body
8 Settlement Area
9 Pasture land 63.86 3
10 Others 977.893 54
crop production. All the mentioned above available in Nansabo woreda the weather condition
also suitable for the production of crops such as, Wheat, Barely, and Maize. Nansabo woreda
most known by production of permanent crops like Enset.
Page
3.2.6 Crop production of peasant holding - The major food crops produced in the Woreda are
cereals, pulses, Enset and others. Among cereals, barley and wheat are the pre-dominant and
among permanent Enset is grown widely. Other crops include vegetables, fruits, root crops and
stimulants are also grown. Area under permanent covers the largest part of the total area of the
woreda.
Table3.7 Estimates of area cultivated and production of major crops
No Major crops 1999/2000 2000/2001

1 Cereals Cult (ha)
Prod (qt)
2 Teff Cult (ha) 0 4520 4520 0 4315 4315
Prod (qt) 0 65000 65000 0 30295 30295
3 Wheat Cult (ha) 0 4499 4499 0 4684 4684
Prod (qt) 0 129700 129700 0 94730 94730
4 Barley Cult (ha) 0 5775 5775 0 5962 5962
Prod (qt) 0 126857 126857 0 124473 124473
5 Oats Cult (ha) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Prod (qt) 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 Sorghum Cult (ha) 0 1730 1730 5988 2755 8743
Prod (qt) 0 64684 64684 225000 62870 287870
7 Maize Cult (ha) 5624 0 5624 0 0 0
Prod (qt) 91545 0 91545 0 0 0
8 Pulses Cult (ha) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Prod (qt) 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 Lentils Cult (ha) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Prod (qt) 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 Horse beans Cult (ha) 0 824 824 0 623 623
Prod (qt) 0 11796 11796 0 11586 11586
11 Chick peas Cult (ha) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Prod (qt) 0 0 0 0 0 0
12 Field peas Cult (ha) 0 824 824 0 135 135
Prod (qt) 0 3597 3597 0 3992 3992
13 Haricot Cult (ha) 752 248 1000 794 130 924
Page
beans Prod (qt) 7120 1522 8642 7563 850 8413
14 Vetch Cult (ha) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Prod (qt) 0 0 0 0 0 0
15 Oil Seed Cult (ha) 0 0 0 0 0 0
16 Linseed Cult (ha) 26 0 26 0 0 0
Prod (qt) 130 0 130 0 0 0
to farmers
No Type of inputs Year
1999/2000 2000/2001
Fertilizers
DAP (Quinn) 128.5 120
UREA(Quinn) 70
Improved seed
wheat (quin) 242 50
Teff 125
barley (quin)
Maize (quin) 50 33
Pesticides(Lit)
Powder(kg) 5
Pesticides(kg)
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3.2.9 Agricultural Activities Calendar of the Nansabo Woreda
Preparation (Sowing) time time Time time
time time
1 Wheat March to January to July to September October December to
June July August &November February
Barley April to July June to July to September October November to
August September &November February
2 Maize February & January to March to May to January November to
Jan April August June December
4 Horse bean February to June July & September October December &
June August November
5 Linseed February March to July & September October November to
May August December
6 Horse bean May to June June to July July to September November December to
September to October February
Page
1999 2000 2001
0 4700 5075 3632
1(pair) NA 5880 1578
1/2 (Pair) 5511 1100 4880
2(pair) 742 131 2050
3 (Pair) 125 - 181
4 and above - - -

Table 3.11 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
Name of NGO Major areas of Location No of beneficiary

interventions/sector
The Ethiopian Evangelical Church Health Nansabo 91,777
Mekan Eyesus
Farm Africa and SOS shale Agricultural Nansabo 13,000
Page
Nansabo has high potentialities for livestock rearing. However, the society gives more emphasis to

2005/06/ 173471 31986 13594 1880 25995 2303 0 NA
2006/07 177461 32786 13934 1908 26463 2345 0 17929
2007/08 182106 35200 14270 2010 27150 2650 0 18640
2008/09 185748 35904 14555 2044 27612 2898 0 18489
Table 3.13
TREATMENT 1999 2000 2001
 Others (specify) 4236 2417 4318
3. Infection
4 5 5
Page
 Clinics(total) 2 5 5 5
A-Type 0 0 0 0
B-Type 0 0 0 0
C-Type 1 1 1 1
2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
Table3.15 Number of ‘DA’ in the woreda
Year 1998 1999 2000 2001
Page
agricultural in put, market economy, shortage of farm land, serious soil erosion and very low
saving practices or habits are some of the major constraints of agricultural in the woreda
Table3.16 Operating Statistics of Soil and Water Conservation
Activities Unit 1999 2000 2001

Seedling production (Mill. Pcs.) 0.92 0.9 0.974
Seedling plantation (Mill Pcs.) 0.92 0.9 0.974
Nursery establishment (Number) 1 2 15
Nursery operation (Number) 25 26 15
Seed store construction (Number) 0 0 0
Grass seed multiplication (Kg) 0.1 0.1 1
River diversions (Number) NA NA
Terrace construction (Km) 14 12 10
Terrace maintenance (Km) 10 11 10
Check dam construction (Km) m3 20 50 45
Land rehabilitation (Ha) NA NA
Surface pond construction (Number) NA NA
Spring development (Number) 0 0
Canal construction (Km) 20 30
Feeder road construction (Km)
Feeder road maintenance (Km)
Trained farmers (Number) 1000
2006/07 2007/08
3.2.15 Mining and Industry: - Graphite, Nickel, Gold, Beryllium and Marble are the minerals
available in Nansebo woreda. However, the sizes of these deposits are not yet known
Grain mill Number 6 7 7
Capital(Birr)
Employees
Capital(Birr) 200600 4.1 million 4.85 million
Employees 28 23 33
Page
Source: Revenue office of Nansabo woreda
Infrastructure and Social Services
3.2.16 Road Access
3.2.
No Name of road with initial and Woreda Dry Whether
final point road (km)
1 Serofta to woreka Nansabo 58

2 Nansabo to Chabi Nansabo
3 Korama Nansabo 8
4 Bulga Nansabo 9
5 Mandoyu Nansabo 12
6 Rafisa Nansabo 16
7 Gamachu Nansabo 12
8 Gotu Nansabo 13
9 Gorxe Nansabo 1
Communication access
The district has digital and agent postal service that helps for provision of communication service
for all the district people within others area.
are electricity, biogas, fossil fuel and solar energy.
Page
Table 3.19 Domestic energy supply of Nansabo woreda
Rural Urban
1 Fire wood 1 2
2 Crop residue 2 3
3 Dung 4 5
4 Charcoal 3 4
5 Electric 0 1

20
Electricity
with Electricity
3.2.29 Water supply
About 57 percent of the urban and 4.19 percent of the rural population of the woreda were
supplied with potable water in the year 2008/09. The major sources of drinking water unprotected
spring, pond, rivers well, lakes and tap water in their order of importance. Safe and reliable water
supply is most often restricted to urban centers.
Water works 1998 1999 2000 2001

Deep wells 0 0 0 0
Distribution schemes 1 1 1 1
2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
Page
Years in population size of the woreda Population access to potable water in percent
E.C Rural Urban Total Rural % Urban% Total
1999 105233 5607 110840 3 45 7

2000 109442 5831 115273 4 50 8.3
2001 113819 6064 119883 4.19 57 9.5
4 Education
economic progress.
reduce local disparities of schools as a key strategy.
Nansabo woreda. In 2000 the numbers of schools have been increased to 16 and 21 first primaries
and secondary primary school respectively.
institutions
2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
2 Primary (1-8) 29 0 31 0 36 1 39 2
Source: Nansabo woreda Education office
Page
Level Type of schools 2000 2001
Rural urba Tota Rura urban Total
n l l
(1-8) Government 256 43 299 271 42 313
Total 256 41 297 271 45 316
(9-10) Government 0 15 15 0 17 17
Total 0 15 15 0 17 17
(11- Government 0 0 0 0 0 0
12) Non Government 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 0 0 0 0 0 0

Page
Year
Kindergarten
1 Male 28 67 52
Female 20 74 53
Primary (1-8) 16287 48 141 105
2 Male 10138 10852 11867 10984
Female 5149 5699 7145 7048
Secondary (9-10) 841 1057 1379 1524
3 Male 712 867 1118 1206
Female 129 190 261 318
Preparatory (11-12) 0 0 0 0
4 Male 0 0 0 0
Female 0 0 0 0
Male 0 0 0 0
Female 0 0 0 0
Table 4.4 Students’ participation rate by level of schools and Sex (2005/06-2008/09)
Year
2005/06
2006/07 48.7 40.76 44.7
2007/08
2008/09
Page
Level 1999(2006/07) 2000(2007/08) 2001(2008/09)
TTI and12+ 237 67 304 192 65 257 189 54 243
Diploma 45 11 56 85 16 97 91 27 118
12+4 and BA/B.SC 6 0 6 21 1 22 25 2 27
1 Grade 8
1.1 Candidate
Male 293 363 269 554
Female 68 57 63 194
1.2 Promoted
Male 288 345 141 498
Female 66 57 26 189
2 Grade 10 NA NA NA
2.1 Candidate NA NA NA
Male 110 168 269
Female 33 60 63
2.2 Promoted NA NA NA
<2.0 NA NA NA
Male 29 110 141
Female 5 35 26
3.2 Failed <101 <201 <201 M<175,
F<150 *
Male NA NA NA
Female NA NA NA
Total
3.3 Promoted >101 >201 >201 M> 175,
F>150
Page
health Posts and drug vender.
2 Clinics 4 4 4 5
5 Hospital 0 0 0 0
7 Malaria 0 0 0 0
8 Number of People treated in health institutions 70298 74943 76892 89410
9 Health Coverage (%) 71 73.4 78 -

Table 4.9 Number of health personnel by type of ownership (2005/06-2008/09)
2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
1 Doctors 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 Nurses 2 1 12 2 16 0 15 0
7 Sanitarians 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
9 Pharmacists 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Page
12 Extension 9 0 19 0 31 0 37 0
Table 4.10 Ten top diseases in the woreda by ranks in 1999 and 2000
Type of disease 1999 2000
Number % Type of disease Number %
1 Acute Upper respiratory 4132 21.98 Intestinal par 1323
19
2 Intestinal parasite 3611 19.2 Acute Upper respiratory 1257 18
3 Gastritis 2375 12.63 Pneumonia 997 14
4 Rheumatism 2130 11.33 anemia 880 13
5 Skin infection 1643 8.74 Bronchus 807 12
6 STI 1552 8.25 influenza 742 11
7 Urinary tract infection 1460 7.76 Gastritis 484
7
8 Pneumonia 777 4.133 Bronchitis 218
3
9 Traumatic injuries 662 3.52 Skin infection 207
3
10 conjunctivitis 456 2.42 - -
Total 100 Total
4.5 Social Security

Unemployment is one of the indicators of social security in a country. Nansabo woreda, as in the
Page
2001 210 91 119

Table 4.12 Amount of revenue collected by year and source of revenue (2006/07-2007/08)
1 Direct taxes
Agricultural income tax 296725 405795
Capital gain
Land use fee 8000 12925.64
2 Indirect tax
Sales tax on domestic goods 35572.56 61622.8
Sales tax on services(VAT) NA NA
Stamp duty and sales NA NA
3 Non - tax revenue
Charges and fees NA NA
Sales of goods and services NA NA
Investment income NA NA
Miscellaneous revenue 218509.94 87177.25
Capital receipts NA NA
Ordinary revenue NA NA
Total revenue
1133700 1543363
Total 1528925.65
Page
Source: Nansabo woreda Revenue office
Domestic Revenue
1999 2000 2001
7592410 9981880 14601270

Table 4.14 Recurrent Expenditure Analysis of Nansabo woreda
Type of 2000 2001
General Service 1828486 195404 2023890 2630052 327614 2957666
Economic 919537 84429 1003966 1273736 147701 1421437
Services
Social Services 4937151 198926 5136076 6689443 323731 7013174
Table 4.15 Capital Expenditure Analysis of Nansabo woreda
Type of 1999 2000 2001
Expenditure
General Service - 20000 30000
Economic Services - 53000 220157
Social Services 15000 18000 -
Total 250157
15000 91000
4.7 Tourism
Page
- Transport
- Locate
- Accommodation
4.8 Locate
Reveals the holiday destination and what it offers to tourist attraction. Nansabo woreda has
many attraction locations such as, water fall, water spring, historical place and high land.
Table 4.16 Existing tourist attraction site
Name of the Wereda Type of the site* It’s situation**

Attraction Its distance/km/ from
site
Stone cave Nansabo 389 139 Natural Built cave Good
Mountain Nansabo 389 139 Natural Mountain Good
Table 4.167Number of Registered sport men by Type of sport

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Athletics 23 28 32 50 110
Basket ball 0 0 0 0 0
Foot ball 450 600 650 760 720
4.10 Trade activities: - Off farm activities like trade, carpentry, handcrafts, pottery, etc are not yet
Page
Year Licensed Applied for Licensed Licensed Renewed
License Given(new)
Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female
1999 100 13 61 22 5 - 100 13
2000 102 13 96 22 1 - 102 13
2001 346 15 16 4 16 4 130 6
Table 4.18 on going Development Activities in Nansabo woreda in 2001
association
Health post Gata 901943.46
Health Center Nansabo Gerenbamo
Health Center Shambal kadir
Nansabo Warka
Primary school Gata 908383.47
Tulu Gola
Revenue office Nansabo Warqaa 16867
Health Center Nansabo Gamachu 14416
Page
5.1.1 Problems
The major economic problems of the woreda are low productivity of agricultural sectors due to high
The major social problems are Lack of socio-economic infrastructure, shortage of trained man-power,
low coverage of clean water and health services, lack of self hygiene and environmental sanitation,
which result into high prevalence of communicable diseases, prevalence of sexual transmitted
diseases such as HIV, etc.
5.1.2 Potentials.
The woreda has high potential for livestock, poultry and fishery. More over, the woreda has highly
Page 109
1 Introduction
It is obvious that with out having enough and reliable information and data about the earths natural
and cultural land escapes, it is difficult to prepare meaning full developmental plan. Therefore, the
main objectives of this document are to present compiled information concerning physical and socio-
economic condition of the woreda and its development constraints.
The main sources of data used for the preparation of the document are zonal Health, Education,
Natural Water Resource Development, Finance and Economic Development departments, as well as
the documents available in our office.
The document covers almost the data and activities of the period 2006/07-2008/09, and all the years
are according to the Gregorian calendar. However, due to lack of reliable and consistent data, the
document is not complete and comprehensive enough. Even though it has these limitations, it could
be a valuable source of reference to fulfill the data gap found in the Woreda.
Page 110
2.1 Location of Shala woreda
Shala woreda found in the Southeast of Finfine and in the north of West Arsi Zone.
The astronomical location of the woreda indicates that with altitude 1500 – 2300m within and area of
1420 km2The woreda is far away 30km from West Arsi Zone and 279km from Finfine.
The district shares bounder line with in Southern people’s regional state, Arsi Negale in the north,
Shashemene west north and Siraro in the south west. The administrative center of the Woreda is
Adje.
No Shala Total population of Average
House hold
Associations (PA)
1 Adje Dida
2110 2066 4176 553 92 645 6
2 Shawako Arsi
5210 4620 9830 1214 201 1415 7
3 Fande jersa
2599 2415 5014 656 58 714 7
4 Lenca Laman
3121 2897 6018 753 83 836 7
5 Lajo Qarxafa
1280 1111 2391 537 87 624 4
6 Sade Guge
1163 1719 2882 475 92 567 5
7 Dansa Bunqe
1637 1952 3589 594 78 672 5
8 Arjo
1727 3077 4804 583 53 636 8
9 Lale
1185 1469 2654 342 45 387 7
10 Korbeti
1385 1621 3006 392 47 439 7
11 Sinqile Guri
3658 3386 7044 879 82 961 7
12 Albula Lencha
1159 1352 2511 290 54 344 7
13 Albula Geto
2197 2924 5121 504 50 554 9
14 Waka Bute
1173 1258 2431 262 46 308 9
15 Solcha waka Bute
984 1355 2339 239 48 287 8
16 Sadacha Qunxufa
2393 2318 4711 496 48 544 9
17 CitichaQunxufa
2328 2531 4859 449 61 510 10
18 Qobo Laman
1581 1938 3519 380 46 426 8
19 AligiRima
5035 3244 8279 992 100 1092 8
Page 111
20 Wondo Kosha
1927 2065 3992 382 60 442 9
21 Awara Gama
2204 2146 4350 484 62 546 8
22 DayaBakala
1974 1958 3932 452 57 509 8
23 Walilati
1604 1752 3356 381 48 429 9
24 Sondhi
1756 1924 3680 413 52 465 8
25 Sanbate Gobu
3366 3078 6444 718 54 772 8
26 Labu Sabuqa
1317 2278 3595 630 54 684 5
27 Dabula Badana
2005 2174 4179 462 58 520 8
28 Badana Rophi
1445 1888 3333 540 62 602 6
29 Saro Mehofitu
1644 1607 3251 397 43 440 7
30 Machafara
814 998 1812 241 69 310 6
31 Oree Shibibo
1122 1252 2374 392 47 439 5
32 Mutu Bisho
2136 2019 4155 518 76 594 7
33 Chafa Qeransa
1265 1256 2521 472 57 529 5
34 Qeransa kubi
1370 1331 2701 477 57 534 5
35 Ansho Kala Hiro
833 1013 1846 356 52 408 5
36 Galo Dlala
947 1006 1953 456 54 510 4
37 Harako Laman
1140 1117 2257 482 53 535 4
38 Wobane Laman
1365 1421 2786 497 72 569 5
Total
72159 75536 147695 19340 2458 21798 7
Source: Agricultural &Rural development office of Shala woreda

2.2 Geology
Geological survey shows that the district is fallen under the three volcanic systems i.e. active volcano,
dormant volcano & extinct volcanoes.
This makes it conducive for farming activates and extraction of construction materials. With in the
basin there is one lake, Lake Shala known by its lustrating sedimentary, different minerals, such as
salty soil, pumice, and diatomic etc.
2.3 Climate
Shala Woreda is divided into two agro-climate woreda mainly due to variation in altitude. This great
variation of temperature provides wide opportunities for the production of different types of crops.
Page 112
It is dominantly characterized by Moderately Cool (about 90 percent) followed by warm (about 10
percent) annual temperature. Moderately Cool/warm type of thermal woreda is found in the
highland.

1000 -1500mm 250c kolla Gammoojji 10 Maize , Haricot bean
,wheat, Teff, Millet
1500-2300mm 220c Weina Dega Badda Daree 90 Maize, Sorghum,
Barely, wheat, Teff,
2.4 Means Annual Rainfall: The maximum rain fall of months are June, July and August, with
1200mm, the coldest month is July and August with 18 0C and 150C average and minimum
temperature respectively.
Unlike the great majority of the district Shala district is characterized by single seasonal rainfall
i.e. summer rain fall with July, August and September in high concentration.
On average, the woreda gets annual mean rainfall of Maximum 1000 -1200mm, Average 1000mm.
2.5 Relife
Geological survey show that the two distinct physical features of the district are the north and west
undulating plain associated with mountainous terrain and the South and the eastern part flat plain.
The woreda consist number of well known Mountain Gogo, Mountain Adje, Mountain and Mountain
Fende.
Shala has two lakes that Share within Arsi Negele Lake and Hawassa Lake namely, Shala Lake used
for different purposes. That has a total Surface area of 409km2 is first largest lakes in the zone, It is the
deepest Lake and the most saline (alkaline lake) in the zone. It has the highest reserve of soda ash
mineral (estimated to be about 380 million tons). It is also used as a national park of birds (it also
serves as a rift floor)
Page 113
2.7 Soils
According to the data obtained from ShalaWoreda Agricultural Office, larger portion of the woreda,
i.e. about 837.8km2 lies under Sandy loam, 539.6km2 lie under Sandy , 39.76km2 lie under Clay
while, the remaining 2.84 km2lie under others type.
Table 2.3 the major soil types available in Shala woreda
Sandy loam 59 South north
Sandy 38 Southern parts
Clay 2.8 Western flats plain
Others 0.2
Page 114
2.8 Natural Vegetation- the natural vegetation cover of an area is determined mainly by the altitude,
temperature, amount of rainfall and parent material from which the soil has been derived and type of
human interference. Its coverage and composition also changes over time due human activities.
about 16745Hectare which includes light forest, wounded land, and band bush.
Table 2.4 Climatic climax vegetation of Shala woreda
km2 %

7 Woodland and Savannah Acacia 167.45 NA
10 Total 167.45 14.4
Table 2.5 Size of natural and man made forests protected by Community forest
Year Name of forest Location Natural Man made
project (Hectare) (Hectare) Total % of total
1999 Kobo Laman forest Shala 16745 - 16745 14.4

2.9 Wild Life

There are different types and endemic species of wiled animal in Shala woreda associated with the
natural forest which forms their natural habitant. Since the destruction of natural forest, which also
meant the destructions of wild life’s Most of wild animal have restricted to the forest area and some
of them are migrated to the neighboring woreda the district has one park which could be considered
as reserved area for birds suppose the park largely constitute the water bodies of Shala. The lake
Page 115
Shala parks consists endemic birds of different types. The major type of wild life of the district are
swain’s Hartebeests, greater kudu , Cheetah, spotted hyena, warthog, Jackal, Monkey, Apes and
several species of birds. There is a wild life sanctuary in the district.
3.1 Population
time.
→ Fertility
→ Mortality
→ Migration
of Shala woreda was143650 and 155371in the year 1999 and 2001 respectively. The urban population
of the Shala was accounted 5 % of the total population during the 2001 years. Female accounted about
47% of the urban and 51 of the rural population.
Table 3.1 Population of Shala woreda by sex and place of residence
Rural Urban Total
1999 66715 69838 3763 3334
136553 7097 70478 73172 143650
2000 69384 72631 3913 3467
142015 7380 73297 76098 149395
Page 116
Dependency ratio is the dependent population per economically active section of the population (age
15-64 years).
Table 3.2 the age group of Shala Woreda

The age Percent
0 -14 37 46 41.5 34 33 33.5 49.3 46 47.65
15 – 64 59.1 51.3 55.2 63.2 64.1 63.65 47.2 51.3 49.25
65+ 3.9 2.7 3.3 2.8 2.9 2.85 3.5 2.7 3.1
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
average household size of the woreda is 6.5person per household for the woreda, which is 6 for
Page 117
3.1.4 Sex Ratio - the over all sex ratio in the Woreda is estimated to be about 96.3 males per 100
females. In urban areas the ratio is 112.8 males per 100 females, where as for rural area it is 95.5 males
per 100 females.
Table 3.3 Crude and agricultural density of the Shala woreda
1 2 3 4 5 6=2/4 7=3/5
1998 1135 - -
140125 133301 123
1999 1135 -
143650 136553 127 -
2000 1135 360.74
149395 142015 132 394
2001 1135 360.74
155371 147695 137 409
Source: w/A/&E/D/O statistical abstracts
3.2.1 Agriculture
tree.
result the sector is remained substance (from hand to mouth) in its nature. However, the district is
potential rich particularly for farming practice its àgro climatic condition kolla 10% and Badda dare
(sub tropical 90 %). This makes the district suitable for cereals crops such as maize, Horse beans and
sorghum in the district maize covers the largest portion of cultivated land.
Page 118
In Shala woreda, there were 42 farmers’ service associations with 3374 (6 % females) member farmers in the year 2008/09.
Table3.4 Year of Registered FSC, Name of FSC, Member and Capital
Year of Registered 2008/09

FSC Name of FSC Member Capital
42 M F Total Running Fixed Total
1999 Burka jirenga 190 12 30150 30150
202
1999 Gamachia 93 2 14250 14250
95
1999 Burka Laman 160 3 24450 24450
163
1996 Magartu Danisa Bunge 166 102050 120550 120550
166
1999 Wondo kosha 121 2 18450 18450
123
2000 Gike sabuka 188 12 30000 30000
200
1998 Qananiftu 79 3 12300 12300
82
1999 Burqa Gudinaa 141 12 63869 410000 473869
153
1997 Taha Rabi 183 24 31050 31050
207
1998 Dandi gudiina 175 25 30000 98950 128950
200
1999 Gabiftu 140 5 21750 21750
145
1999 Adje kubii 136 50 27900 27900
186
1999 Qubsa Galcho 203 31 35100 35100
234
1998 Qubsa 120 120 18000 18000
1998 Wili-Dalacha 168 2 170 25500 25500
1998 Lalisa 118 2 120 18000 18000
Page 119
1998 Tulu-Dimtu 120 18000 18000
120
1 Laffaa 63 63 9450 9450
1998 Burka Misoma 150 0 150 22500 22500
1998 Biftu gudina 116 4 120 18000 18000
1997 Mihoftu 183 12 195 29250 29250
1998 Ganale 102 102 15300 98950 114250
1999 Qufa 106 3 109 16350 16350
1998 Gutu-Dalacha 202 202 30300 30300
1997 Lajo 168 2 170 25500 98950 124450
Page 120
1998 Abdi Rabi 231 5 236 35400 35400
1998 Gudina walilalte 117 117 17550 17550
1996 Mada gudina 64 6 70 10500 10500
1999 Chabicha 220 9 229 34350 34350
1996 Gudina Borana shala 140 140 21000 21000
1999 Gudina misoma 97 6 103 15450 15450
1998 Badana 122 5 127 19050 19050
1998 Gana 112 112 16800 16800
2000 Adami Kilisa 103 5 108 16200 16200
1997 Aawara Gama 139 5 144 21600 21600
1998 Kubii Kori 195 5 200 30000 30000
1998 Biftu 116 4 120 18000 18000
1996 Gudina Abdi Boru 200 200 30000 30000
2000 Gudina Anjo 85 85 12750 12750
1999 Faya 16 110 126 18900 18900
1997 Wabane Laman 106 106 15900 15900
1999 Tulu Burkitu 40 40 12000 12000
Total 1032919
3193 181 3374
Source: Farmers Service Cooperatives office of Shala woreda
Shala woreda is considered as food self-sufficient area. However, there are households that have
food insecurity problem. The severity of the problem varies from year to year depending on rainfall
drought.
2006/07
2007/09
Page 22
Table 3.6 Land use/cover of Shala Woreda
Land use Type Km2 Percent
No Total land Uses 1135 100
1 Cultivated land 454.32 40
2 Cultivable land 360.74 32
3 Under State farm
4 Pasture land 360.74 32
5 Vegetation cover ( forest , bush shrub and woody land) 167.45 15
6 Degraded , rigged , lift river course(unutilized land) 65.09 6
7 Swampy and marsh 0
9 Water body 0
10 Settlement Area 87.40 8
Crop is a plant or a collection of plants produced artificially or naturally for the benefit or service of
man. Climates factors like, rain fall, market, social factors, and availability of labor determines crop
production. All the mentioned above available in Shala woreda the weather condition also suitable
for the production of annually
Table 3.7 Estimates of area cultivated (hectare) and production of major crops (quintal) for peasant
holdings by season
No Major 1999/2000 2000/20001
Cult (ha)
1 Cereals Prod (qt)
Cult (ha) 0 6000 6000 0 1800 1800
Teff Prod (qt) 0 6000 6000 0 21440 21440
Cult (ha) 0 2500 2500 0 1939 1939
Wheat Prod (qt) 0 50000 50000 0 53464 53464
Cult (ha) 0 400 400 0 170 170
Barley Prod (qt) 0 3200 3200 0 2720 2720
Cult (ha) 0 715 715 0 440 440
Sorghum Prod (qt) 0 12878 12878 0 7502 7502
Millet Cult (ha) 0 1725 1725 0 1050 1050
Page 23
Prod (qt) 0 44850 44850 0 31500 31500
Cult (ha) 14973 60553 75526 1950 30797 32747
Maize Prod (qt) 462122 193769 2399818 64850 149504 155989
6 0 0
Back Wheat Cult (ha) 0 195 195 0 83 83
Prod (qt) 0 1560 1560 0 980 980
Haricot Cult (ha) 4895 12275 17170 565 3025 3590
13 beans Prod (qt) 56652 147300 203952 9720 40260 46980
Cult (ha) 518774 220348 104231 2515 76539
Total 4 79054
Prod (qt) 19868 84363 2722258 51570 165290 170447
6 6
office.
to farmers

Fertilizers 12572.50 11789.5
DAP 11156 11307.5
UREA 1416.5 482
Improved
Teff 345
Wheat 367
Barley
Maize 2850 1405.875
Haricot Bean 1600.5
Pesticides(Lit) 0
Pesticides(kg) 0
Herbicides(lit) 0
Page 24
3.2.9 Agricultural Activities Calendar of the Shala Woreda
No Crop type Land Planting Weeding Flowering Maturity Harvesting time
Preparation (Sowing) time time Time
time time
1 Maize March to May to June to July July to September December to February
April June September
April to July June to July to September October November to February
August September &November
2 Maize February & January March to May to January November to
Jan to April August June December
4 Horse February to June July & September October December & November
bean June August
May August December
6 Horse May to June June to July to September November December to February
bean July September to October
Page 25
Table 3.10Name of NGO, Sector, and Location and No of beneficiaries
Name of NGO Major areas of interventions/Sector Location No of beneficiaries
Health 16000
Education -
Center for Development Agriculture Shala 8473
Initiative/CDI/ Integrated project. -
Keleheywout Church Gender and Education 14

1999 2000 2001
0 3630 3041 -
1 3071 3271 -
2 3176 3276 -
3 3484 3584 -
4 and above 3673 3862 -
Agriculture is mainly subsistence in character and is limited by different factors like too much or too
little rainfall, exhaustion of the fertility of the soil, primitive methods and techniques of practice,
crop pests and diseases, high cost of agricultural inputs, etc.
Shala has high potentialities for livestock rearing. However, the society gives more emphasis to
Page 26

2005/06/ 156275 13064 51941 157 1143 19245 45 NA
2006/07 158173 13195 52202 162 1483 19881 30 74773
2007/08 160771 13326 51382 161 1963 19881 53 NA
2008/09 170371 13532 52724 165 1502 20113 57 NA
3.2.14Lives tock Diseases
Table 3.13
TREATMENT 1999 2000 2001
 Trypansomiasis 4152
1. Wound dressing 124
3. Infection 1385 1000 1495

 Animal health assistants
2 2 1
 Assistant Technicians 1 1
 Vaccinators 7 7
 Meat inspectors 0 0 0
 Clinics(total)
A-Type 0 0 0
Page 27
B-Type 0 0 0
C-Type 1 1 1
Non-standard 0 0 0

agricultural inputs and creating awareness among the farmers is very large and Crucial
Accordingly, there are DAs in the woreda as it could be seen from the table below.
Year 1998 1999 2000 2001
Mining and Industry
3.2.16 Mineral- The major mineral resources in the woreda include pumice, Sand,Basalt, ignimbrite,
Soda Ash and common salt.
Page 28
Table 3.16 *Include coffee processing machines, blocket and bread and cake industries
Wood work and Metal Number 1 2 3
Capital(Birr) 15000
Employees 10 12 15
Grain mill Number 80
Capital(Birr) 400000
Employees 160
Source: Revenue office of Shala woreda
3.2.18 Road access

The woreda has a distance of 36 kms and 286 km from Shashamane & Fin fine respectively
No Name of road with initial Woreda Name of PAs Dry Rural Gravel Asphalt
and final point Whether Gravel Road
road (km) (km)
1 Fisiha-yeyi Shala Fisiha 0 - 0
2 Fende - Ejrsa-Korke Shala FendeEjrsa 0 - 12 0
3 Badana - Rophii Shala Badana - - 0
4 Saro - Mi’ooftu Shala Mi’ooftu - - 0
5 Walilaltii Shala - - - 0
6 Chiticha - kunxufa Shala kunxufa - - 0
7 Danisa - Bunge Shala Bunge - - 0
Page 29
8 Sinkele - Guri Shala Guri - - 0
9 Lencha - Laman Shala Laman - - 0
10 Sinbo Shala - - - 0
11 Awara- haro Shala Shala Haro Shala - 17 0
12 Sede Gude-Lemano Shala Lemano - 30 0
13 Adje- KertefaLama Shala KertefaLama - 18 0
14 Sinbo-korbeti Shala korbeti - 8 0
15 Sedegogu-binsho Shala binsho - 22 0
16 Lajo-Abure Shala Abure - 13 0
17 Fisiha-Laman Shala Laman - 12 0
Total - 120 0

The district has digital and agent postal service that helps for provision of communication service
for all the district people within others area.
electric power system while the remaining34 Kebele gets from diesel power.
Table 3.18 Domestic energy supply of Shala woreda
Rural Urban
1 Fire wood 1 2
2 Crop residue 2 3
3 Dung 4 5
4 Charcoal 3 4
5 Electric 0 1
6 Diesel 5

Page 30
20
Electricity
with Electricity
Table 3.20 Fuel service
Type of fuel station Capacity in liters
Name of district Name of town Benzene Kerosene Gasoline
Shala Adje Kobil NA NA NA
Source: field survey
Water works 1999 2000 2001

Deep wells 2 3 3
Shallow wells 0 0 0
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09

E.C in percent
1999 136553 7097 143650 35 63 25
2000 142015 7380 149395 39 68 30
2001 147695 7676 155371 40.7 70.4 42
Page 31
4 Educations
Shala district. In 2001 the numbers of schools have been increased to 18 and 27 first primaries and
secondary primary school respectively.
institutions
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
2 Primary (1-8) 31 0 47 0 47 0
3 Secondary(9-10) 1 0 1 0 1 0
Table 4.2 Number of class rooms by type and level of schools

Rural urban Total Rural urban Tota Rural urban Total
l
(1-8) Government 111 24 135 208 28 236 28 367
Total 111 24 135 208 28 236 28 367
(9-10) Government 0 12 12 0 20 20 0 24 24
Total 0 12 12 0 20 20 0 24 24
(11-12) Government 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Page 32
Source: Shala woreda Education office

Year
Male 89 37 48
Female 101 28 32
2 Primary (1-8) 17522 20820 21137
Male 11004 12549 12213
Female 6518 8271 8924
3 Secondary (9-10) 1531 1651 1591
Male 1252 1306 1153
Female 279 345 438
4 Preparatory (11-12) 0 0 0
Male 0 0 0
Female 0 0 0
5 Technical training 0 0 0
Male 0 0 0
Female 0 0 0
Year Primary (1-8) Secondary (9-10) Preparatory(11-12)

2006/07 43.7 28.75 36.25 0 0 0
2007/08 0 0 0
2008/09 0 0 0
Page 33
Level 1999(2006/07) 2000(2007/08) 2001(2008/09)
TTI and12+ 122 71 193 121 64 185 80 43 123
Diploma 39 16 55 77 26 103 104 63 167
12+4 and BA/B.SC 7 2 9 15 2 17 29 2 31
Total
168 89 257 213 92 305 214 108 322
No Grade 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08
1 level/sex
Grade 8
1.1 Candidate 318 465 730 890 1067
Male 259 365 555 649 741
Female 59 100 175 241 326
1.2 Promoted 304 432 703 783
Male 245 332 532 576
Female 59 100 171 207
2 Grade 10
2.1 Candidate 340
Male 291
Female 49
2.2 Promoted
<2.0
Male 261
Female 24
>2.0

No 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
No Male Female Male Female Male Female
Children
Adult 11 8
Adult 24 4
Page 34
3 Third cycle
Children
Adult 145 85
Total Children 2309 1841

drug vender.

2 Clinics 8 8 8
4 Drug shop 2 2 2
7 Malaria 1 1 1
Health Coverage (%) 65.4% 74% 75%

Table4.9 Number of health personnel by type of ownership
No 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
Health personnel Gov NGO Gov NGO Gov NGO
1 Doctors 0 0 0 0 0 1
2 Nurses 23 2 23 2 27 5
4 Health officers 1 0 1 0 1 0
12
Extension 26 0 39 0 74 0
13 Supportive stuff 26 0 26 0 26 0
Page 35
Table 4.10 Ten Top diseases in Shala district by rank
1999 2000
Type of disease Number % Type of disease Number %
1 Malaria 2743 24.8 RTI
2 Fuo 222 20.16 I/P
3 RTI 1856 16.8 GUTI
4 I/P 907 8.2 Gastritis
5 GUTI 901 7.68 Malaria
6 Gastritis 848 6.78 Romanism STI
7 Diarrhea 618 6.57 AFI
8 Eye Disease 606 5.07 Anemia
9 Romanism STI 536 3.06 Ear infection
10 Teeth disease 449 2.8 Amaobasis
4.5 Social Security
Unemployment is one of the indicators of social security in a country. Shala woreda, as in the
in general and woreda in particular. Therefore, the number of unemployed labor force increases in
urban areas of the woreda, which in turn increases social in securities and problem.
Page 36
2001 334 205 129

1 Direct taxes
Agricultural income tax(1107) 456375.5 426388.50
Capital gain 31090.05 28388.48
Land use fee 484200.50 449280.50
2 Indirect tax
Sales tax on domestic goods
Sales tax on services(VAT)
Stamp duty and sales 4147.84 1951.11
3 Non - tax revenue
Charges and fees
Investment income
Miscellaneous revenue 103895.26
Capital receipts
Ordinary revenue
Total revenue
2000531 2005601
Page 37
4.1.5 Finance and Financial Institutions
Domestic Revenue
1999 2000 2001
7123140 11504090 13288450

Table 4.14 Recurrent Expenditure Analysis of Shala woreda
Type of 2000 2001
General Service 2134502 315519 3450021 2729023 681848 3420871
Economic 1547211 121633 1668844 2026322 148453 2174775
Services
Social Services 3896645 254296 4150941 6441953 93500 4538453
Total 11206927 1148776 12355703
7578358 691448 9269806
Table 4.15 Capital Expenditure Analysis of Shala woreda
General Service - - 30000

Social Services 00000 307000 150000
Total 359947
150000 539000
Page 38
4.7 Tourism
- Transport
- Locate
- Accommodation
4.8Benefits of tourism
as whole.
Page 39
Table 4.16 Existing tourist attraction in Shala woreda
Name of the
Attraction site Its distance/km/ from Type of the It’s situation**
Wereda site*
Lebu Subuka Shala 286 36 Lake
Alige Rima Shala 270 25 Lake
Korbeti Shala 28 30 Hot Spring
Lale Shala 280 28 Hot Spring
Lebu Subuka Shala 286 36 Cave
Kobo leman Shala NA NA Hot Spring
S\Gobu Shala NA NA Hot Spring
Arjo Shal NA NA Hot Spring
Lemani Shala NA NA Hot Spring
developed especially in the rural areas of the woreda. The majority of the population of the woreda
is agrarian. Trading activity is mostly carried out in urban areas. Hence trading is an economic
activity for the majority of urban population.
other similar activities
5.1Problems and Potentialities

5.1.1 Problems
Page 40
5.1.2 Potentials
Page 41
Introduction
2.1 Locations of Shashemene Woreda and Size
It extends from 400 28’E to 400 50’E longitude and 080 10' to 080 43’N latitude. The district is far away
250km from Finfine with an area of 768.88km2.The district shares bounder line with Shala in the
west, Arsi Nagele in the north and north east, Kofale district in the east and southern people
regions state in the south and south east. The administrative center of the district is Shashemene.
Page 42
No Total population of peasant House hold Aver
Shashemene Association age
1 Associations
Awasho (PA)
Dhanfu 5999 6074
12073 1364 201 1565 8
2 Hursa Sinbo 2214 2411
4625 653 92 745 6
3 Abaro 2582 2936
5518 756 98 854 6
4 K/Filich 1472 1663
3135 321 45 366 9
5 G/Karso 2455 2039
4494 537 87 624 7
6 I/Korke 3148 3232
6380 675 92 767 8
7 T/Waransa 2787 3100
5887 594 78 672 9
8 B/Danaba 4010 4651
8661 983 53 1036 8
Page 43
9 Faji Sole 2278 2284
4562 758 83 841 5
10 D/Chaladafa 3280 3340
6620 992 47 1039 6
11 H/Kundhi 1433 1310
2743 279 82 361 8
12 K/Roqicha 2422 2560
4982 890 54 944 5
13 H/Sinbo 1522 1509
3031 504 50 554 5
14 C/Habra 2881 2950
5831 1062 46 1108 5
15 J/Korke
4042 3840 7882 1039 102 1141 7
16 B/Borjota
3714 3563 7277 996 101 1097 7
17 B/Borama 2281 2085
4366 449 61 510 9
18 M/Dama 1485 1513
2998 380 46 426 7
19 Mararo 1878 1999
3877 492 35 527 7
20 A/Shifu 1553 1433
2986 382 60 442 7
21 Sh/Borara 3160 3051
6211 684 62 746 8
22 C/Guta 2454 2698
5152 552 67 619 8
23 Muldhata 2690 2903
5593 881 48 929 6
24 Danisa 1456 1067
2523 413 52 465 5
25 E/Elemo 2669 2881
5550 718 54 772 7
26 I/Korke 1851 1963
3814 630 54 684 6
27 Harabate 6062 5972
12034 1123 163 1286 9
28 Alilu 3232 2906
6138 840 62 902 7
29 C/Umbura 4528 4404
8932 997 143 1140 8
30 B/Cilicha 1746 1820
3566 381 89 470 8
31 F/Gobe 2867 2782
5649 692 121 813 7
32 F/Gole 2507 2741
5248 718 76 794 7
33 W/Shagule 3211 3575
6786 672 87 759 9
34 F/Nyata 1762 1661
3423 477 57 534 7
35 O/Jalo 2990 2760
5750 756 52 808 7
36 E/Burqa 1778 1896
3674 456 54 510 7
37 J/Wandare 3356 3343
6699 982 83 1065 6
38 G/Guta 2104 2008
4112 497 72 569 7
Page 44
39 Shasha Kakadhi 4363 4370
8733 886 236 1122 8
40 Gotu Onoma 4410 4638
9048 1021 321 1342 8
41 Intaye 5433 5684
11117 1234 102 1336 8
42 Busa 5363 5857
11220 1213 123 1336 8
Total
123428 125472 248900 30929 3691 34620 7
Source: Agricultural &Rural development office of Shashemene woreda
2.2Geology of the Woreda

About 80% of the woreda is flat plain, while about 20% is rugged terrain which including valley
gorges, hills, and dissected plateaus. Mount Abaro (2580m) is the highest peak in the district.
Significance Rivers of the district are Dedeba Tena, Milka oda and laftu. Small portion of Awassa
and chelalka are in the district
2.3 Climate
Arsi Nagele is divided in to three major agro- climatic woreda mainly due to variation in altitude.
This great variation of temperature provides wide opportunities for the production of different
types of crops range from warm to cool thermal woreda.
The mean annual temperature of the woreda is found between 75 in the Weina Dega and 15 Kolla
and10 Dega. However, there is a slight variation of temperature from month to month. October to
May is the hottest months while June to September is the coldest months.
Table 2.2 Thermal zone classification
Altitude Annual Area Typical crops
mean temp Description (%)
1500-1685 12-270c Kolla Gammoojji 95% Haricot bean, Maize,
Sorghum, Potato and Teff
1685-2722 11-210c Weina Dega Badda Daree 5% Maize , Haricot bean ,wheat,
Teff, , Potato and Barely
2.4 Means Annual Rainfall - The rainfall is weakly bi-modal with spring rainy season during the
months of April and May while summer along rainy season during the months of July, August and
September. Areas that have over 2722m .a.s.1 elevation access to high and fair distribution of annual
Page 45
rainfall (700-100mm). But the vast areas of the district (below 2722mm) have erratic and small
annual rainfall varies between 550 and 700mm.
2.5 Relief
Most parts of Shashemene woreda relief belong to aggradations plain and Rift Valley (the vast area
of north, South and West of Shashemene town) that have elevation ranges 1500 -2300m) The woreda
consist number of well known Mountain Duro Mountain Chabi Gaxa and Mountain
Abaro(2580m).
2.6 Drainage
The majority of the Woreda Rivers that originated from the North highland area and some of major
perennial rivers include Dedeba,Tina, Melka Oda , Laftu and Gogeti
The major characters of the Woreda Rivers first they start from the area of sufficient rainfall and
empties to lake crossing areas that have scarcity of rainfall. Second character is the economic values
of them are significant in the areas of sufficient rainfall.
Table 2.3 Number of major Rivers in Shashemene woreda
All Weather River Wet Season River
Dedeba Gogeti
Tina 0
Melka Oda 0
Laftu 0
Desa 0
Page 46
2.7 Soils
According to the data obtained from Woreda Agricultural and rural Development Office, larger
portion of the woreda, i.e. about 414.4km2 lie under Andosols soil 252.9km2 lie under Nitosols
while, the remaining 101.58km2lie under Regosols.
Table 2.4 the major soil types include available in Shashemen woreda
Andosols 53.9 Southern parts
Nitosos 32.9 On the proper stay plane to the mountain
range
Regosols 13.2
2.8 Vegetation
Natural Vegetation-The natural vegetation cover of an area is determined mainly by the altitude,
temperature, amount of rainfall and parent material from which the soil has been derived and type
of human interference. Its coverage and composition also changes over time due human activities.
about 6100 Hectare which includes light forest wounded land, and in band bush.
Table 2.5 Climatic climax vegetation of Shashemene woreda
km2 %
3 Coniferous forest Podocarpus NA
NA
4 Broadleaf forest Arundinaria NA
NA
5 Broadleaf forest Aningeria NA
NA
8 Grassland Cenchrus ciliaris NA
NA
9 Grassland Chrysopogon NA NA
10 Total 61 7%
Sources: Shashemene District Agricultural and rural Development Office
Page 47
These forests are being decreasing from year to year both in coverage and composition due to
illegal and legal destruction. The illegal deforestation activities include forest clearing for
expanding farm lands, local lumber production, fire wood and charcoal production which are
practiced by farmers.
Year Name of forest project Location Natural Man made
(Hectare) (Hectare) Total %
2000 NA Shashemene 3600 2500 6100 7
2001 NA Shashemene 3600 2500 6100 7

Sources: Shashemene District Agricultural and rural Development Office
2.9 Wild life

Wild life have significant role for economic development of the district. The district has different
types of wild life ranging from small sized to big animals.The major types of wild life of the district
are Hyena, Monkey, Ape, Porcupine, and black and white Columbus monkey. There is no reserved
area for wild life conservation. .
Page 48
3.1.1 Population
in time.
→ Fertility
→ Mortality
→ Migration
population of the woreda was 221410 and 259479 in the year 1999 and 2001 respectively. The urban
population of the woreda was accounted 4 percent of the total population during the 2001 year.
Female accounted for about 48.8 percent of the urban and 50 percent of the rural population.
Table 3.1 Population of Shashemene woreda by sex and place of residence
Rural Urban Total
1997 96959 98703 195662 4629 4413 9042
101588 103116 204704
1998 100837 102653 203490 4815 4589 9404
105652 107242 212894
1999 104870 106759 211629 5008 4773 9781
109878 111532 221410
2000 109065 111030 220096 5208 4964 10172
114273 115994 230267
2001 5416 5163 10579
123428 125472 248900 128844 130635 259479
(age 15-64 years).
Page 49
Table 3.2 the age group of Shashemene Woreda
The age Percent
0 -14 48 47 47.5 51 53 52 47 46 46.5
15 - 64 48.4 50 49.5 46.3 44 45.15 49.4 51 50.2
65+ 2.7 3.2 3 2.7 3 2.85 3.6 3 3.3
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
3.1.2Average Family Size - According to the 1999 population and housing census of Ethiopia, the
average household size of the woreda is 6.5 person per household for the woreda, which is 6 for
urban and 7 for rural.
per 100 females.
Table 3.3 Crude and agricultural density of the Shashemene woreda
1 2 3 4 5 6=2/4 7=3/5
Page 50
1999 211629 768.88
221410 86.39 288
2000 220096 768.88
230267 86.39 299
2001 768.88
259479 248900 86.39 337
3.2.1 Agriculture
Agriculture is the business of food production the history of agriculture crop production begins as
observed the germination of the seed dropped from a tree produce the same seed as the mother tree.
district is potential rich particularly for farming practice its àgro climatic condition kolla 95% and
Badda dare (sub tropical 5 %). This makes the district suitable for cereals crops such as maize, Horse
beans and sorghum in woreda maize covers the largest portion of cultivated land.
Page 51
In Shashemene woreda, there were - farmers’ services cooperative with - member ( % females) in the
year 2008/09.

Table 3.5 Land use/cover of ShashemenWoreda
No Land use Type KM2 Percent

1 Total land Uses 768.88 100
4 Under State farm 0 0
5 Pasture land 69.06 8.98
6 Vegetation cover ( forest , bush shrub and woody land) 36.76 4.78
7 Degraded , rigged , lift river course(unutilized land) 15.59 2.027
8 Swampy and marsh 9.06 1.178
9 Water body NA NA
3.2.4 Crop production of peasant holding - The major food crops produced in the Shashemene
Woreda are cereals, pulses, oil seeds and others. Among cereals, teff, barley and wheat are the pre-
dominant and among pulses horse beans and field peas are grown widely. Other crops include
vegetables, fruits, root crops and stimulants are also grown. Area under cereals covers the largest
part of the total area of the woreda.
Page 52
Table3.6 Crops production for private peasant holdings
No Major crops 1999/2000 2000/20001
Cult 8106
1 Cereals (ha)
Prod 105378
(qt)
Cult 8106 3212 11318 8250 3452 11702
Teff (ha)
Prod 105378 39698 145076 123750 44876 168626
(qt)
Cult 0 11826 11826 0 12070 12070
Wheat (ha)
Prod 0 454786 454786 0 470330 470330
(qt)
Cult 0 7772 7772 0 7525 7525
Barley (ha)
Prod 0 224022 224022 0 233275 233275
(qt)
Cult 0 2978 2978 2642 2642
Sorghum (ha)
Prod 0 92504 92504 84480 84480
(qt)
Cult 0 672 672 585 585
(ha)
Millet
Prod 0 19240 19240 21060 21060
(qt)
Cult 7128 14995 22123 7240 16250 23490
Maize (ha)
Prod 335016 611393 946409 434400 812500 1246900
(qt)
Haricot beans Cult 5065 3002 8067 0 4416 0
(ha)
Prod 65845 39026 104871 66240 0
(qt)

Page 53
office.
farmers

DAP 8772 6560
UREA 1570 502
2 Improved 2819.25 1964
Teff 1.5
Wheat 416.125 442
Barley 439.5
Maize 2403.125 1081
3 Pesticides(Lit) - -
Pesticides(kg) - -
Herbicides(lit) - -
Page 54
3.2.7 Agricultural Activities Calendar of the ShashemeneWoreda
No Crop Land Planting (Sowing) Weeding Flowering Maturity Harvesting
type Preparation time time time Time time
time
1 Maize March to May to June June to July to September December to
April July September February
April to July June to August July to September October November to
September &November February
2 Maize February & January to April March to May to January November to
Jan August June December
4 Horse February to June July & September October December &
bean June August November
5 Linseed February March to May July & September October November to
August December
6 Horse May to June June to July July to September November December to
Page 55
Table 3.2.9 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

interventions/sector beneficiarie
s
Adventist Development and relief Agency(ADRA) Health Shashemene 33000
Ethiopian Catholic Church Health 5000
Education 2600
Integrated Shashemene 201471
Cooperative 140
promotion
EHSAN Orphan Children Assistance Education 1320
Organization
Agriculture 8473
Integrated 451589
Center for Development initiative /CDI/ Social Affair Shashemene -
Cooperative -
promotion
Keleheyout Church Integrated Shashemene 1047
Ethiopian Children Fund/CCF/ Integrated Shashemene 10699
World Vision Integrated Shashemene 84765
Oromo Self help Organization Integrated Shashemene 48068
Kind hearts child Aid Development Integrated 48068
Women Shashemene 390
Mulu Wongel Amanoch Church Social Affair Shashemene 853
Arsi Development program Social Affair Shashemene 600
Bethazata Ethiopian Social Affair Shashemene 125
Children Sponsor ship family Aid Community Social Affair Shashemene 300
Page 56
Development Organization
Biruhe Zemen Yewalaji Ate Histanat mehhiber Social Affair Shashemene 890
Children Cross connection Ethiopian/CCCE/ Social Affair Shashemene 840
Down of Hope Shashemene Development and Social Affair Shashemene 10055
Support Association Health Shashemene 2450
Meseret Kirstos Church Social Affair Shashemene 251
Heyewot Berehan Church Social Affair Shashemene 351
Gender focal Ethiopia Women Shashemene 22324
Cooperative 9000
promotion
Lay Volunteers inter national Association Water Shashemene 138170
Ethiopian world Federation (EWF) Water Shashemene 20544
Letter day saints Charity Water Shashemene 7680
Arsi Development Aid Association/ADAA/ Cooperative Shashemene 215
promotion
Central inter national for development & Research Cooperative Shashemene 10000
promotion
The Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekan Eysus Integrated Shashemene 2986
Christen Children Fund /CCF/ Integrated Shashemene 10699
Table 3.9 Name of NGO, sector, Location and No of beneficiaries in Shashemene woreda
Shashemene woreda has high potentialities for livestock rearing. However, the society gives more
emphasis to quantity than quality due to lack of awareness and animal health infrastructure.
Therefore, the benefit that the society gets from their livestock is very low compared to their cost.
The major livestock feeds in the woreda are common grazing land and crop residues.

2005/06 191095 51533 87867 170 4654 28147 0 868402
2006/07 192045 51789 88104 172 4674 28287 0 869231
Page 57
2007/08 197806 53342 90747 177 4817 29135 0 870123
2008/09 203740 54942 93469 182 4961 30009 0 872361
Source: Agricultural and rural development office of Shashemene woreda
Table 3.11
TREATMENT 1998 1999 2000 2001
 Trypansomiasis 982 1362 1563 2310
 Internal parasite 5321 6322 7821 7211
 External parasite 4621 5214 4215 3658
1. Wound dressing 1652 1237 981 695
2. Surgery (open Castration) 2614 3531 3211 2698
3. Infection
6 9 10
 Assistant Technicians
 Vaccinators
 Clinics(total)
A-Type 0 0 0 0
B-Type 0 0 0 0
C-Type 1 1 1 1
Page 58
Year 1998 1999 2000 2001
Number of DA’s 78 95 114 126
3.2.13 Mining and Industry: - Pumice, Basalt, sand and ignimbrite are being exploited by licensed
miners in the woreda. The Woreda has one mill factory owned by the government.
3.2.16 Road Access
Descriptions KM New Moderate Old
Asphalted Road 21.05 4.7 70 15.3
Pedestrian side Walk 3.6 - - 100
Red. Ash road 45 - - 100
Earthen road 108.68 - 30 70
Culverts and Bridges 20 63.64 - 36.36
Page 59
The district has digital and regular postal service that helps for provision of communication service
for all the district people within others area
electricity, biogas, fossil fuel and solar energy. Currently, from 42 kebele, 20 have been supplied
Table 3.16 Domestic energy supply of Shashemene
Rural Urban
1 Fire wood 1 2
2 Crop residue 3 3
3 Dung 4 5
4 Charcoal 6 4
5 Electric 2 1
6 Diesel 5 6

44
Electricity
Number of town+PAs not supplied with Diesel 24 53
Electricity
Page 60
Water works 1999 2000 2001

Deep wells 1 1 2
Hand-dug wells
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09

Population access to potable
E.C water in percent
1999 211629 9781 221410 30 43 31
2000 220096 10172 230267 33.05 45 32
2001 248900 10579 259479 34.3 49.1 34.9 Source: Zonal &
woreda water supply office
Fuel service
Name of town Type of fuel station Capacity in liters
Benzene Kerosene Gasoline
Shashemene Kobil 19000 36000
Oilibiya 10,000 42,000
Total
Noc
Total
Page 61
4 Educations
economic progress.
primary cycles Schools (1-4), 36 second primary cycle Schools (5-8), and one high School (9-12) in the
district. In 2000 the numbers of schools have been increased to 20 and 40 first primaries and
secondary primary school in respectively.
No Level of school 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
Gov’t NGO Gov’t NGO Gov’t NGO Gov’t NGO
2 Primary (1-8) 44 3 45 7 49 11 52 11
3 Secondary(9-10) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
4 Technical/Vocational
5 Preparatory 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
Page 62

l n l l
(1-8) Government 386 54 440
Non Government 38 - 38
Total 424 54 478
(9-10) Government - 32 32
Non Government 8 - 8
Total 8 32 40
(11- Government
12) Non Government
Total

participation also increased from the previous years in the woreda. This show that the altitude of
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
Male 223 258 269
Female 299 266 277
2 Primary (1-8) 49522 46866 45210
Male 27981 25617 24148
Female 21541 21249 21062
3 Secondary (9-10) 3663 3416 3229
Male 2442 2230 1952
Female 1221 1186 1277
4 Preparatory (11-12) 367 402 562
Male 226 261 396
Female 141 141 166
5 Technical training 250
Page 63
Male 119
Female 31
Source: Zonal and woreda Education office
Year
2006/07 59.2 51.55 1.47 0.6 1
2007/08
2008/09
Level 1999(2006/07) 2000(2007/08) 2001(2008/09)
TTI and12+ 304 160 464 230 161 391 185 135 320
Diploma 143 41 181 178 65 243 219 83 302
12+4 and BA/B.SC 37 2 39 49 2 51 50 4 54
No No 2006/07
Male Female
1 First cycle
Children
Adult 11 13
2 Second cycle
Children
Adult 8 15
3 Third cycle
Children
Adult 0 0
Total
Children 3067 2910
Adult 19 28
Source: Zonal Education office
Page 64
drug vender

2 Clinics 2 5 3
4 Drug vender 1 1 1
5 Hospital 1 1 1
6 Pharmacies 1 1 1
8 Malaria 0 0 0
Health Coverage (%) 67 80 88
Source: Shashemen woreda Health office

2006/07 2007/08 2008/09

1 Doctors 0 2 0 1 0 1
2 Nurses 11 3 11 3 10 3
12 Extension 49 0 62 0 76 0
Page 65
Table 4.9 Ten top diseases in the district by ranks in 1999 and 2000
Type of disease Number %
 1999
1 RTI 3282 16.8
2 Unspecified disease 2226 11.4
3 Intestinal parasite 2079 10.6
4 Malaria 1809 9.2
6 Diarrhea 1447 7.4
7 Other abdominal disease 777 3.9
8 tonicities 701 3.5
9 Illness -------- 639 3.28
10 Eye disease 628 3.22
4.5 Social Security
Unemployment is one of the indicators of social security in a country. Shashemene woreda, as in the
in general and woreda in particular. Therefore, the number of unemployed labor force increases in
urban areas of the woreda, which in turn increases social in securities and problem.
2001 895 739 156
Page 66
In Shashemene woreda, there are six private Banks (Awash International Bank, Wegagen Bank,
Bank and, Commercial Banks of Ethiopia located in Shashemene and two Ethiopian Insurance
corporations located in Shashemene town. In addition, there are three micro-financial institutions
established by Oromiya saving and credit Share Company and their branches are located in
Shashemene, Aris Negele and in other woreda
4.6 Revenue
Table 4.10 Amount of revenue collected by year (2006/07-2008/09)
Domestic Revenue
1999 2000 2001
14235650 20336570 21645280

Table 4.11 Recurrent Expenditure Analysis of Shashemene woreda
Type of 2000 2001
General Service 2870109 455324 3325433 4218459 402982 46214441
Social Services 8771276 365486 9136762 11401559 186990 11588549
Total 18943471 691789 19635260
14019396 992416 15011812
Table 4.12 Capital Expenditure Analysis of Shashemene woreda
General Service 151000 280000 315618

Social Services 84000 129000 32500
Total 351618
447000 589000
Page 67
4.7 Tourism
- Transport
- Locate
- Accommodation
as whole.
Page 68
Table 4.13 Existing Tourist Attraction Site
Name of the
Holka Gimbela 252.5 2.5 Natural Cave Good
Holka Danaba 254 4 Man made Cave Good
Masara 253 3 Historical Distraction Beauty of Land
HailSilase Scope
Burka Oha 295 25 Natural hot spring Good
Hora Habasi 268 18 Natural lake
Holka Kaku 255 5 Natural cave
Gamo Shek 254 4 Historical Endogenous
HussienArgo attraction
Jagule Hanu 255 5 (Tomb)
Abdi Kasim
Holka Idole 255 5 Natural Cave Good
Burka

sport activities in the woreda. However, there are well-organized sport facilities in the woreda.
Page 69
Table 4.14 on going Development Activities in Shashemene woreda
Type of Activities Shashemen Peasant Total budget of year
association
Meeting Hall of Shashemene Shashemen 347618
Rogicha 13500
Health post Danisa 13500
Shifa 13500
Korke 13500
Chalalka 15000
Korke 15000
Danaba 15000
Dhanko 15000
Construction of Shedi Shashemen 100000
5.1.1 Problems
5.1.2 Potentials
Page 70
1 Introduction
Physical setting
2.1 Location of Shashemene town
Shashemene town is located at almost 250km from Finfinne. It has an area of 18.57km2. The town
shares bounder line with Maja Dama and Bulchena Danaba kebeles to the west, Alelu Elu kebele to
the north, Awash kebele to the east and Burqa and Alalcha Harabate kebele to the south. Most part
the town has an elevation that ranges from 1500 to 2300m, except the eastern section with altitude
over 2300m.
Shashemene town is under reform. It is one of the five first grade towns in Oromiya National
Regional State. It has its own administrative council and administrated by Mayer.
The town becomes zonal capital since the foundation of West Arsi zone. Before, it was the capital
town of Shashemene district. It also used as capital town of Shashemene district. It is located at the
road junction of Finfinne to Awasa and Bale to Arba Minch. Shashemene town is known by trade
and services. The main income of the town is from trade.
Shashemene town is extended from 7011'09" to 7013'19" northing and 38035'02" to 38037'05" easting. It
is the largest town in the zone and covers about 18.57km2. It is located almost at the center of the
zone. Shashemene town is connected with all districts of the zone by asphalt and gravel road. In
2000E.C, it has 101709 residents. It is encircled by kebeles of Shashemene rural district. The town
Page 71
bordered with Maja Dama and Bulchena Danaba kebeles to the west, Alelu Elu kebele to the north,
awash kebele to the east and Burqa and Alalcha Harabate kebeles to the south.
2.2 Geology of Shashemene town

Abay Formation (Jb) lies between the Adigrat and Antalo Formations, includes Middle-Jurassic
limestone, shale and gypsum. About 80% of the town is flat plain, while about 20% is rugged terrain
which includes hills and dissected plateaus. The highest peak in the town is Mount Abaro (2580m).
2.3 Major River
Major Rivers that cross the town are Gogeti and Denbi rivers.
2.4 Climate
Shashemene town is located in bada dare (weyina dega, temperate) agro-climatic zone ranging from
1900 to 1950m.a.s.l. Its climate is favorable for human settlement. Its annual average temperature
ranges between 18 and 250C and has moderate annual rainfall ranging between 800 and 1300mm.
2.5 Soils
The type of soil is determined by the size and the distribution of soil particles. Type of soil available
in Shashemene town is mollic andosols.
3.1.1 Population
in time.
→ Fertility
→ Mortality
→ Migration
A population estimate of 101709 (2008, BoFED) is distributed over an area of about 18.57km2 of
Shashemene town. This gives an average density of about 5477persons/km2. About 50527, which
accounts for about 49.7% of the total population of the town is female population. On the other
hand, male population, which is 51182 accounts for about 50.3% of the total population of the town.
On the other hand, the population of the town has increased from 70019 in 1992E.C. to 105955 in
2001 with annual growth rate of 4.78%. Similarly female population of the town has increased from
Page 72
34764 in 1992 E.C. to 50527 in 2001E.C. with the growth rate of 4.79% per annum, while annual
growth rate of male population is 4.77%.
Table 3.1 Population of Shashemene administrative city by sex and place
Urban Population by Sex

Sex
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Male 35255 37095 38908 40748 42695 44722 46779 48931 51182 53279
Female 34764 36468 38251 40139 42105 44150 46181 48305 50527 52676
Total 70019 73563 77159 80887 84800 88872 92960 97236 101709 105955
Source: O/F/&E/D/O & W/A/Z/F/E/D/O statistical abstracts
Table 3.2 Distribution of population of the town by sex and wider age group
Age Group Urban population
Male Female Total
2001 53279 52676 105955
0-14 33 35 34
15-64 63.7 61.3 62.5
65+ 3.3 3.7 3.5
Total
W/A/Z/F & /E/D/O statistical abstracts
average household size of town is 5 people per household.
3.1.4 Sex Ratio - the over all sex ratio is estimated to be about 101 males per 100 females.
Page 73
3.2.1 Livestock
Livestock activities have some interdependence with the urban livelihood and make a substantial
contribution to the urban economy. In the town understudy, livestock extension package of dairy
and beef farms development were well adapted. The total number of livestock population of the
town has increased from 12057 in 2000E.C. to 12818 in 2001E.C. with annual growth rate of 11.66%.
Table 3.3 Livestock Population by Type and year (for private holding)
No Types of livestock Livestock Population
1999 2000 2001
1 Cattle 4817 5241 6581

2 Goats 951 1214 1336
3 Sheep 1945 2435 3512
4 Horse 794 840 1021
5 Mule 3 4
6 Donkey 289 323 362
7 Total 10798 12057 12812
Sources: Shashemene district Agricultural and rural Development Office.
3.2.2 Lives tock diseases
The major animal diseases in the town according to their occurrence and distribution from the most
frequent to the least includes Black leg, Hemorrhagic, Septicemia, Anthrax, internal parasites,
external parasites and others. To reduce the prevalence of diseases different vaccination and
treatments were given for 2100 and 2210 livestock population in 2000 and 2001 E.C respectively.

Currently, more than 8 NGOs operating in the town and they participated on different communities
integrated development activities.
Page 74
4.1 Education
Education is fundamental in enhancing the quality of human life and ensuring social and economic
progress. Education is the key in creating, adapting and spreading knowledge but the gains in
access to education have been unevenly distributed, with the poor seldom getting their fair share.
Education plays a key role inability of developing country to absorb modern technology and to
develop the capacity of self-sustaining growth and development. Provision of primary education
and improving secondary education is the focal area of educational goals of Oromiya National
Regional State. This can be achieved through expansion of schools and reduce local disparities of
schools as a key strategy.
4.2 Schools Distribution
According to the data obtained from Shashemene Town Educational Office, in 1999 E.C, there were
6 first cycle primary schools (1-4), 18 second cycle primary schools (5-8), and two secondary schools
(9-12) in the town. In 2000E.C, the number of schools has increased to 8 and 19 first cycle primary
and second cycle primary school respectively.
There are non governmental training institutes like Rift Valley College, Batu Global College, Farm
College, Dadimas College, 2020 open college and Beza College, other distance education training
institutes like Alpha and Admas colleges located in Shashemene town.
Gov’t NGO Gov’t NGO Gov’t NGO
2 Primary (1-8) 7 17 7 20 7 25
3 Secondary(9-10) 1 5 2 5 2 5
4 Technical/Vocational `
Page 75
Page 76
2 Primary (1-8) 177 187 192 207 192 236
3 Secondary(9-10) 68 15 92 20 92 33
4 Technical/Vocational
5 Preparatory
Source: zonal and town Education office
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
1 Kindergarten 0 2697 0 3269 0 3857
Male 0 1415 0 1728 0 2036
Female 0 1282 0 1541 0 1821
2 Primary (1-8) 19647 6935 13686 7860 12354 8236
Male 9238 3510 6347 3987 5445 4211
Female 10409 3425 7339 3873 6909 4025
3 Secondary (9-10) 5767 888 5558 1433 6144 1978
Male 3771 557 3458 806 3448 1164
Female 1996 331 2100 627 2696 814
4 Preparatory (11-12) 965 0 1106 58
Male 708 0 830 28
Female 257 0 276 30
Male
Female
Page 77
Table4.4 Students’ participation rate by level of schools and Sex
Year
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
Table 4.5 Number of teachers (1-12) by educational level and sex (rural + urban)
Level 1999(2006/07) 2000(2007/08) 2001(2008/09)
Gov’t NGO Gov’t NGO NGO Gov’t
Male 72 67 60 60 50 101
TTI and12+ Female 83 35 67 67 57 122
Total 155 102 127 127 107 223
Male 55 99 58 58 80 170
Diploma Female 80 18 43 43 62 121
Total 135 117 101 101 142 291
Male 77 141 50
12+4 and BA/B.SC(9-10) Female 8 19 20
Total 85 160 74 76

2 Clinics 28 31 37
4 Drug vender 5 5 7
5 Hospital 0 0 0
6 Pharmacies 7 7 9
Health Coverage (%) 60 65 75
Source: Shashemene town health office
Page 78
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
N NG NG NG
o Health personnel Gov O Gov O Gov O
1 Doctors 1 11 1 11 1 15
2 Nurses 19 28 24 36 30 40
3 Health assistants 9 - 3 - 4
4 Health officer 2 1 2 1 2 1
7 Sanitarians 3 0 3 3
9 Pharmacists
Source: Shashemene town health office
4.3 Road Access
Table 4.8 Descriptions, KM, New, Moderate and Old
Descriptions KM New Moderate Old
Asphalted Road 11.2 - - 100
Pedestrian side Walk 3.6 - - 100
Red. Ash road 45 - - 100
4.9 Communication access
The town has digital and regular postal services that help for provision of communication service
for all the district people with in others area.
4.5 Water supply
The district endowed with surface and ground water resources. It has many perennial rivers such
as Laftu, Gogeti essa; Melka oda and Dhadhaba do act as the community source of the district
water for the largest population of the district. Ground water development had been provided some
part of district which has the great problem happen in this district the most acute potable water
scarcity. Nowadays water supply development schemes were constructed in different part of
district. As result the total population access to potable water was 85% in 2001
Page 79
4.6 Fuel service
Name of town Type of fuel station Capacity in liters
Benzene Kerosene Gasoline
Shashemene town Kobil 19000 36000
Olibiya 10,000 42,000
Total
Noc
Total
Source: Field survey of W/A/Z/F & E/D/O statistical abstracts
4.7 Trade
Trade played major role for Economic development of the country it is highly depends on the
development of Information and access to transportation.
Table 4.10 Number of private businessmen and their capital
Type of Tread 1999 2000
Male Female Capital Male Female Capital
Whole 453 113 145436 499 127 8357
Retail 1417 358 9234 1752 438 18359
Service 603 536 29145 798 709 98876
Industrial 89 41 13594 93 45 18213
Total 2562 1048 197409 3142 1319 143805
Source: Shashemene town revenue office
4.7 Industry
Table 4.11 Type and Number of Small Scale industries*with Permanent License
Type of Small scale industry Number (their quantity)
1999 2000 2001
Blocket Manufacturing 11 13 16
Oil processing 6 7 7
Flour Manufacturing 5 7 7
Biscut Manufacturing - - -
Fenture and equipment 61 64 76
Source: Shashemene town revenue office
Page 80
In Shashemene town, there are six private Banks (Awash International Bank, Wegagen Bank,
Bank and, Commercial Banks of Ethiopia located in Shashemene and two Ethiopian Insurance
corporations located in Shashemene town. In addition, there are many micro-financial institutions
established by Oromiya saving and credit Share Company and their branches are located in all
woreda
Domestic Revenue
1999 2000 2001
9192550 11769810 15849910

Table 4.13 Recurrent Expenditure Analysis of Shashemene town
Type of 2000 2001
General Service 1604671 43257 2704356 501395
1647928 3205751
Economic Services 428917 10320 544907 3337
439237 548244
Social Services 6074540 116563 7907840 459119
6191103 8366959
Total 11157103 963851 12120954
8108128 170140 8278268
Table 4.14 Capital Expenditure Analysis of Shashmene town
General Service - -
Economic Services 430000 -
Social Services - 376490
Total 376490
430000
Page 81
4.9 Tourism
- Transport
- Locate
- Accommodation
as whole.
Page 82
Table 4.15 Existing Tourist Attraction Site
Name of the Attraction site

Its distance/km/ from Type of the site* It’s situation**
Shashe Monument 245km 1km Man made Eco – Tourism -Newly
-It is Historical Monument established
-Has Cultural Museum -Excellent
- Encouraging
Millennium Park 245km 1km -Man Made Eco – Tourism - Newly

-Has varies forest species established
-At initial stage
Dida Boke Recreation Centre 246km 1km -Youth recreation site - Developing
Being ready for
recreation
Botanical Garden 245km 1km Man made eco- tourism -Ready to
accommodate
Tourist and
environmental
Science
Researchers
Source: Shashemene town tourism office

4.11 Sport activities and facilities in the town - Football, Volleyball and Athletics are types of sport
activities in the town. There are well-organized sport facilities in the town.
Table 4.16 Number of Sports Clubs or Teams by types in the town
1999(2006/07) 2000(2007/08) 2001(2008/09
Type of clubs Team Number Number Number
Football 45 40 46
Volley Ball 8 10 10
Athletics 1 2 3
Tennis table 1 1 1
Bicycle 2 2 6
Tekando 1 3 3
Page 83
1 Introduction
2. Physical Setting
2.1 Location of Siraro district
The Current Siraro district was administrated in 1998 E.C. The woreda found in the Southeast part
of West Arsi zone and the astronomical location of the woreda indicates that with altitude over
1500-2075m within and an area of 674.62km2
The district far away 54km from West Arsi Zone and 353km from Finfine The Siraro district
shares bound line with Southern peoples regional state or (Alaba kulito) in the north, Southern
peoples regional state (Dimitu Shabadino) in the south, Shala district in the east and Southern
peoples regional state or (Hadiya) in the west. Loke heda is the administrative center of the
district and Bilate is the only significance river, which forms the Southern people’s regional state.
Page 84
No Siraro Total population of peasant Average
House hold
Association family
Name of Peasant Male Female Total Male Female Total size
Associations (PA)
1 Boye Kassa 164

4016 4179 8195 1411 1575 5
2 Rophi Sinxa 98
2391 2489 4880 781 879 6
3 DamineLaman 156
3821 3976 7797 1248 1404 6
4 NunaYabo 127
3113 3240 6353 1016 1143 6
5 Kubi Dimtu 100
2447 2547 4994 799 899 6
6 Shisha Kata 152
3722 3875 7597 1216 1368 6
7 BasaMaja 124
3048 3172 6220 995 1119 6
8 Shirkano 126
3094 3219 6313 1010 1136 6
Page 85
9 Kite Tesisa 167
4089 4256 8345 1335 1502 6
10 Lencho 120
2086 2171 4257 881 1001 6
11 Ashoka 114
2793 2907 5700 912 1026 6
12 Loke Sifo 181
4435 4616 9051 1448 1629 6
13 Sirbo 124
3049 3174 6223 996 1120 6
14 Bilancha Laman 125
3066 3191 6257 1001 1126 6
15 Loke Hadha 137
3357 3494 6851 1096 1233 6
16 BitanaKubi 96
2163 2441 4604 866 962 5
17 Jarti Bakule 71
1727 1798 3525 564 635 6
18 Kala Lalima 141
3446 3587 7033 1125 1266 6
19 Shashina Goke 108
2654 2762 5416 867 975 6
20 Totaba Hansawe 105
2570 2637 5207 839 944 6
21 Siraro Bilancha 120
2949 3070 6019 963 1083 6
22 Dokora Bonkoya 107
2614 2721 5335 854 961 6
23 Elancho
4233 4406 8639 1382 173 1555 6
24 Balela
2573 2681 5254 840 105 945 6
25 Shelo Abore
3445 3586 7031 1125 141 1266 6
26 Honoko Bonikicha
2816 2937 5748 920 115 1035 6
27 Kubi
2884 2199 5083 1093 123 1216 4
Total
82601 85331 167932 27583 3420 31003 5
Source: Agricultural &Rural development office of Siraro woreda

2.2 Geology
Geological survey show that most part of the district is plan. This makes it conducive for farming
activates and extraction of construction materials. With in the basin there is one lake which is Lake
Bilate which forms the Southern people’s regional state.
2.3 Climate
Siraro Woreda is divided into two agro-climate woreda mainly due to variation in altitude. This
crops.
Page 86
It is dominantly characterized by Moderately Cool (about 90 percent) followed by (Moderately
Warm about 10 percent) annual Tempe
The mean annual temperature of the Woreda is found between 13-250c However, there is a slight
variation of temperature from month to months
Table 2.2Thermal woreda classification
Altitude Annual mean Description Area Typical crops

temp Conventional Afan Oromo (%)
1500- 21-250c Kolla Gammoojji 10 Maize , Haricot bean ,wheat,
2075m Teff,
1500- 13-210c Weina Dega Badda Daree 90 Maize , Haricot bean ,, Wheat,
2075m Potato
Source: Agricultural &Rural development office ofSiraro woreda
2.4 Mean Annual Rainfall - for most of the areas, the rainy season starts in June and extends to
October with the highest concentration in July and August. The number of rainy days varies from
Weina Dega to kolla and this number slightly decreases as one goes down to the kolla areas.
Unlike the great majority of the district Siraro district is characterized by single seasonal rainfall
i.e. summer rain fall with July, August and September concentration.
On average, the woreda gets annual mean rainfall of Maximum 900-1500mm.
Siraro Woreda Characterized by flat plains hills, Valleys and gorges. The major and Knwon
Mountain found in woreda is Borana (1500m) and Cholo valleyor shorima(>10m) Attitudinally, the
woreda extends from 1500m (relatively the lowest elevation) to 2075m above sea level (the highest
elevation) in the woreda.
Siraro woreda having some wet seasonal lakes which are Budameda, Tilo and Mechefera. With in
the basin there is one perennial river that is Lake Bilate which forms the Southern people’s regional
state.
2.6 Soils
According to the data obtained from Siraro Woreda Agricultural Office, larger portion of the
woreda, i.e. about 389.03km2 under Sandy loam, 256.36km2 lie under Sandy, Clay18.889km2 while,
the remaining 10.341km2lie under others. About 90% of the woreda soils have limited agricultural
potentialities.
Page 87
Table 2.3 the major soil types available in Siraro woreda
Sandy loam 59% North flat plain
Sandy 38% Central flat the Terrain
Clay 2.8%
Others 0.2% Western flats plain
2.7 Vegetation
Vegetation and wild life are playing a great role for the development of the district. In the previous
time the largest part of land was covered by different vegetation and also contains different wild
life. But the natural vegetation of district is highly disturbed by human intervention currently the
existing forest is natural forest. Grass is the major land covers of the district about 50% of the woreda
were covered by bush, shrub and spare forest (remnant tree species).
about 499Hectare which includes light forest wounded land, and in band bush.
Table 2.4 Climatic climax vegetation of Siraro
km2 %

10 Total 4.99 0.7741
Page 88
Government Protected Forest:-
Name of forest Location Natural Man made Total %
2000 Siraro 499 - 499 0.7741
2001 Siraro 499 - 499 0.7741

2.8 Wildlife
West Arsi zone in general and Siraro in particular. However, due to uncontrolled hunting and
destruction of their natural habitat as a result of rapid population growth and related human
The woreda has different types of wild life ranging from small sized to big mammals. The woreda
have few parks which could be considered as reserved area for wild life such as, Sinkel National
Park consists different types of wild animals, the major type of wild life of the district are swain’s
Hartebeests, greater kudu , Cheetah, spotted hyena, warthog, Jackal, Monkey, and Apes.
Page 89
3.1.1 Population
in time.
→ Fertility
→ Mortality
→ Migration
According to the projection made from the 1999Population and Housing census, the total population
of Siraro Woreda was 157640 and 173712 in the year 1999 and 2001 respectively. The urban
population of the Siraro was accounted 15.5 percent of the total population during the 2001 years.
Female accounted for about 49.9 percent of the urban and 48.6 percent of the rural population.
Table 3.1 Population of Siraro woreda by sex and place of residence for
1999 58517 61094 119611 4258 4431 8689 119611
62775 65525
2000 60768 63444 124212 4429 4608 9037 124212
65197 68052
2001 4606 4793 9399
82601 85331 167932 87207 90124 177331

(age 15-64 years).
Page 90
Table 3.2 the age group of Siraro Woreda
The age Percent
0 -14 50 45 47.5 34 35 34.5 49 44 46.5
15 - 64 46.5 51 48.75 63.3 61.2 62.25 47.5 51 49.25
65+ 3.5 4 3.75 2.7 3.8 3.25 3.5 5 4.25
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
average household size of the woreda is 5.5person per household for the woreda, which is 6 for
females. In urban areas the ratio is 96males per 100 females, whereas for rural area it is 99 males per
100 females.
Table 3.3 Crude and agricultural density of the Siraro woreda
1 2 3 4 5 6=2/4 7=3/5
Page 91
1999 119611 119611 644.62
186
2000 124212 124212 644.62
193
2001
175218 167932
3.2.1 Agriculture
tree.
district is potential rich particularly for farming practice its àgro climatic condition kolla 10% and
Badda dare (sub tropical 90 %). This makes the district suitable for cereals crops such as maize,
Horse beans and sorghum In Siraro district maize covers the largest portion of cultivated land.
No. Year of 2008/09

Registered Name of Member Capital
FSC FSC M F Total Running Fixed Total
1 1998 Abdimara 168 8 20000 3300
176 23300
2 1998 B/saalaa 111 7 12050 2209
118 14259
3 1998 Laliftuu 188 30 150000 95000
218 245000
4 1998 S/badhess 262 80 230000 95000
a
342 325000
5 1998 Hawwii 128 4 10000 1999
132 11999
6 1998 Liibaa 115 - 11000 2081
115 13081
7 1998 Jaalala 277 23 20000 3800
300 23800
Page 92
8 1999 I/billancha 122 10 21525 5441
132 26966
9 2001 Baatii 210 20 27850 6650
230 34500
10 2001 Guddiftuu 180 22 38050 6485
202 44535
11 2001 M/soyyam 142 2 17525 4060
a
144 21585
12 2001 Raayyaa 120 - 10000 2300
120 12300
13 1999 B/bakkalc 132 13540 2309
ha
132 15849
14 1999 Lokkaa 364 17 47872 13088
381 60960
15 1999 Biftuu 225 4 82129 16496
229 98625
16 1998 Roophisin 140 20 20000 4500
160 24500
17 1999 Roobalee 145 1 16308 6368
146 22676
18 1999 Midhagdu 71 6 8900 2783
u
77 11683
19 1999 Bule horaa 124 2 12867 2268
126 15135
20 2001 Adabee 114 10 14000 2325
124 16325
21 1999 Hedoo 141 2 14645 2730
rabbi
143 17375
22 2000 Dammine 120 10 22330 4790
gama
130 27120
23 1999 Mi’essaa 199 5 21060 4440
204 25500
24 1999 Gabbinaa 173 3 18658 2542
176 21200
Total 3971 286
4257 860309 292964 1153273
In Siraro woreda, there were 24 farmers’ services cooperative with 4257 member (6.7% females) in
the year 2008/09.
Siraro woreda is considered as food self-sufficient area. However, there are households that have
food insecurity problem. The severity of the problem varies from year to year depending on rainfall
drought.
Page 93
2006/07 732 7814.9 297 129 48315
2007/08 498.3 4994.6 349.2 110 33300
Table 3.6 Land use/cover of Siraro Woreda

* Total land Uses
1 Cultivated land
2 Cultivable land
3 Forest
5 Open bush land
6 Perennial swamp
7 Water body
8 Settlement Area

crop production. All the mentioned above available in Siraro woreda the weather condition also
suitable for the production of crops such as, teff, Horse bean, and Maize. Siraro woreda most known
by production of annually crops
Page 94
3.7 Crops production for private peasant holdings
No Major 1999/2000 2000/20001
Cult 3400 38894 42294 1796.5 28051.5 29848
1 Cereals (ha)
Prod 78200 1096706 1174906 53895 841545 895440
(qt)
Cult 0 4844 4844 0 0 0
Teff (ha)
Prod 0 48440 48440 0 0 0
(qt)
Cult 0 110 110 0 119 119
Sorghum (ha)
Prod 0 1760 1760 0 1904 1904
(qt)
Cult 0 1540 1540 0 1225 1225
(ha)
Millet
Prod 0 35680 35680 0 28175 28175
(qt)
Cult 3400 32400 35800 1796.5 28051.5 29848
Maize (ha)
Prod 78200 1010826 1089026 53895 841545 895440
(qt)
Cult 3260 7887 11147 3571 0 3571
11 Horse beans (ha)
Prod 45640 109584 155224 33565 0 53565
(qt)
Haricot Cult 3260 7887 11147 3571 3571
13 beans (ha)
Prod 45640 109584 155224 53565 53565
(qt)
Cult 13320 98406 111726 10735 57447 68182
Total (ha)
Prod 293320 2412580 2705900 194920 1713169 1908089
(qt)
Page 95
office.
Table 3.8Amounts and types of fertilizers, improved seeds, herbicides and pesticides distributed to
farmers

DAP 8194 7493
UREA 1784 1608.5
2 Improved
Teff 29 -
Wheat - -
Barley - -
Maize 3955 1138
3 Pesticides(Lit) - -
Pesticides(kg) - -
Herbicides(lit) - -
3.2.8 Agricultural Activities Calendar of the SiraroWoreda
Page 96
Preparation time (Sowing) time time Time time
time
1 Maize March to April May to June June to July July to September December to
September February
2 teff February & Jan January to March to May to June January November to
April August December
3 Horse bean February to June June July & September October December &
August November
May August December
5 Haricot May to June June to July July to September November December to

Page 97
Table 3.10Name of NGO, Major areas of sector, Location and No of beneficiaries
Name of NGO Major areas of interventions/sector Location No of
beneficiaries
Health Siraro 52429
Keleywout church Education Siraro 2500
Gender Siraro 28
Center for Development Initiative Health Siraro 32000
CDI
Africa Development Initiative (CDI) Education Siraro 1000
Catholic church Education Siraro 1300
Christian children fund/CCF/ Integrated project Siraro -
Lay volunteers international Water project Siraro 138170
Association /LVIA/
Siraro woreda has high potentialities for livestock rearing. However, the society gives more
emphasis to quantity than quality due to lack of awareness and animal health infrastructure.
Therefore, the benefit that the society gets from their livestock is very low compared to their cost.
The major livestock feeds in the woreda are common grazing land and crop residues.
Table 3.11: Number of livestock population of the woreda

20006/07 174991 25115 36157 141 2836 25882 0 41759
20007/08 178490 25336 36519 143 2865 26141 0 42594
20008/09 157948 23464 29216 137 2058 19560 0

Rinderpest, Tuberculosis,Anthrax and Haemorhagic septcemia. There are also endo-parasites and
Page 98
TREATMENT 1999 2000 2001
 Others (specify) 195 1012
3. Infection
According to the existing system the major category of animal health services in the woreda are
health Post, Clinics and C- Type).
 Animal health assistants 2 4 6
 Technicians 1
 Assistant Technicians 0
 Vaccinators 0
 Meat inspectors
 Clinics(total) 5 6 7
A-Type 0 0 0
B-Type 0 0 0
C-Type 0 1 1
Non-standard 0 0 0
Page 99
Year 1999 2000 2001
Number of Development Center 5 5 5
Number of DA’s 36 43 46
3.2.14 Mining and Industry:-Currently, there are no known minerals as well as mining activity in
the woreda. But, the quarrying of stones for building and other construction purpose is widely
under operation in the woreda.
3.2.15 Industry The development of the industrial sector can play a great contribution in creating job
opportunity, income generation, utilizing the locally available raw materials and improving the
Industry Description 1999 2006/07 2007/08
Capital(Birr) - - -
Employees - - -
Number
Total Capital(Birr)
Employees 69 99
Source: Revenue office of Siraro woreda
Page 100
The district has no communication access that helps for provision of communication service for all
the district people within others area.
electric power system while the remaining Kebele 27 gets from diesel power.
3.15 Domestic energy supply of Siraro woreda
Rural Urban
1 Fire wood 1 2
2 Crop residue 2 3
3 Dung 4 5
4 Charcoal 3 4
5 Electric 0 1
6 Diesel 5

20
Electricity
with Electricity
Page 101
Water works 1999 2000 2001

Deep wells 4 4 4
Shallow wells 0 0 0
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09

E.C in percent
1999 119611 8689 128300 16 8 12
2000 124212 9037 133249 16.35
2001 167932 9399 177331 16.35

4 Educations
economic progress.
Page 102
4.1 Number of kindergarten, primary schools, senior secondary schools and other institutions
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
1 Kindergarten
2 Primary (1-8) 28 1 34 0 34 0
3 Secondary(9-10) 0 0 1 0 2 0
Source: zonal and Siraro woreda Education office

l n l l
(1-8) Government 141 40 181 185 52 237 185 52 237
Non Government 13 0 13 16 0 16 16 0 16
Total 154 40 194 201 52 253 201 52 253
participation also increased from the previous years in the woreda.
Year
2 Primary (1-8) 13792 20325 16614
Male 9905 13696 10673
Female 3887 6629 5941
3 Secondary (9-10) 0 317 814
Male 0 272 496
Female 0 45 318
Page 103
Level 1999(2006/07) 2000(2007/08) 2001(2
008/0
9)
Male Female Total Male Female Total Total
TTI and12+ 129 49 178 132 50 183 178
Diploma 28 11 39 52 17 69 72
12+4 and 0 0 0 2 1 3 19
BA/B.SC

drug vender.

2 Clinics 2 2 0
4 Drug vender 2 2 2
5 Hospital 0 0 0
6 Pharmacies 0 0 0
7 Sanitary 0 0 0
8 Malaria 0 0 0
Health Coverage (%) 39.8 43 50
Page 104
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09

2 Nurses 11 0 15 0 17 0
8 Community health agents NA NA NA NA NA NA
12 Extension 28 0 41 0 47 0
Table 4.10 Ten Top diseases in Siraro district by rank
No. Types of disease Number %
♥ 1999
1. AFI 203 6.54
2. Malaria 1442 46.45
3. I/p 358 11.53
4. URTI 456 14.69
5. Gastritis 260 8.62
6. GE 72 2.32
7. UTI 54 1.74
8. TB NA NA
9. Anemia 247 7.95
10. Menstrual 12 0.38
Disorder
4.5 Social Security
Unemployment is one of the indicators of social security in a country. In Siraro Nagele woreda, as
in the country in general, unemployment is mainly urban problem, which is caused by rapid rural-
urban migration. It is motivated mainly by the migrants’ expectation to get better economic
opportunity in urban area due to lack of information regarding the real situation exists in urban area
of the country in general and woreda in particular. Therefore, the number of unemployed labor
force increases in urban areas of the district, which in turn increases social in securities and problem.
Page 105
According to Siraro woreda social and workers affair department, very few unemployed people are
registered in the woreda. These registered people, however, cannot represent all unemployed
people in the woreda.
2001 377 235 142
Table 4.12Amount of revenue collected by year and source of revenue

1 Direct taxes
Agricultural income tax 177902.50 292582.50
Capital gain
Land use fee 358320 676437.50
Charges and fees 889.12 1596.50
Investment income
Miscellaneous revenue 1121.38 767760.72
Capital receipts
Ordinary revenue
Total revenue 779859.3 2455524
Total amount of revenue collected in the Woreda
Page 106
Source: Siraro woreda Revenue office
Table 4.13Amount of revenue collected by year
Domestic Revenue
1999 2000 2001
6757980 9261420 10865170

Table 4.14 Recurrent Expenditure Analysis of Siraro woreda
Type of 2000 2001
General Service 2074226 341100 2415326 2691256 546110 3237366
Social Services 3330178 311000 3641178 5219700 435500 5655200
Total 9388139 546110 3237366
6214530 810100 7024630
Table 4.15 Capital Expenditure Analysis of Siraro woreda
General Service 563000 182000 318850

Economic Services 300000 - 120000
Social Services 274000 432000 515000
Total 953850
1137000 615000
Page 107
4.7 Tourism
- Transport
- Locate
- Accommodation
as whole.
 Conservation of natural and cultural heritage
Table 4.16 Existing tourist attraction
Name of the
Wereda
Korke Siraro 311 61 Parke good
Budameda Siraro 324 74 Small lake -
Jido Siraro 328 78 Water -
Mechafera Siraro 328 78 Water -
Adebe Siraro 328 78 Hot spring good
Wosere Siraro 328 78 Hot spring good
Page 108

5.1.1 Problems
5.1.2 Potentials
The woreda has high potential for livestock, poultry and fishery. Moreover, the woreda has highly
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West Arsi Zone Districts Socio Economic Profile

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1 Introduction

Source: Districts Agricultural and rural development office

Source: W/A/F&E/D/O statistical abstracts

No Type of land use Area in km2 Percent

Source: Zonal Agricultural and rural development office

3.2.7 Agricultural inputs

No Description 2006/07 2007/08

3.2.9 Agricultural Activities Calendar of the Zone

No Types of activities Meher Season Belg Season

No Types of livestock’s 1999 2000 2001

Employees 289 1219

3.4 Transport and communications access

Water works 1999 2000 2001

Source: West Arsi zone education offices.

Table4.8 Number of health institutions administrated under health office

No Type of health institutions 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09

Finance and Financial Institutions

Source: W/A/F&E/D/O statistical abstracts

Budget supplement Budget supplement Budget supplemen

4.13 Development Activities

2. Location and Size

Altitude Annual mean Description Area (%) Typical crops

Table 2.3 Number of major Rivers in Adaba woreda

Source: Agricultural &Rural development office of Adaba woreda

Table 2.4 the major soil types available in Adaba woreda

Table 2.5 Climatic climax vegetation of Adaba woreda

2.8.2 Government Protected Forest

2000 Adaba forest project Adaba 4827.75 839.19 5666.94 34.8

2001 Adaba forest project Adaba 4827.75 839.19 5666.94 34.8

Source; from Natural resource and land Administration Department.

2.9 Wild Life

Year of Registered FSC 2008/09 2008/09

1999 Birbirsa 365 12 353413 9526

3.2.3 Food Aids, Food Self- sufficiency and Situation of Droughts

Table 3.7 Estimates of area cultivated and production of major crops

No Major 1999/2000 2000/2001

No Major 1999/2000 2000/2001

Table 3.8 Crop production of State farm holding

3.2.8 Agricultural inputs

Table 3.10 Agricultural inputs used by Hunte state farm

3.2.11 Crop diseases and pests

Table 3.12; Average ox-holding size of the farmers.

0 2630 3452 4321

3.2.10 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

3.2.11 Major Agriculture Constraints in the woreda

Year Cattle Sheep Goats Mules Horse Donkey Camel Poultry

1 Adaba - Bucha Adaba Bucha 6 0 0 0

Table 3.22 Number of town+ PAs having Electricity supply

Number of town +PAs Type of source %

3.2.19 Fuel service

Water works 1998 1999 2000 2001

Years in population size of the woreda

Source: woreda water supply office

Level Type of 1998 1999 2000 2001

4.2 Students Enrollment

Table 4.4 Students’ participation rate by level of schools and Sex

Source; west Arsi zone Education office

No Type of health institutions 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09

Source: Adaba woreda Health office

Table 4.9 Number of health personnel by type of ownership