Chemical Equations And Reactions

Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. Why is respiration considered as an exothermic process?

Solution:

Exothermic reaction is a reaction in which the energy is liberated. In the process of respiration, energy is

released thus considered as an exothermic reaction

2. On what basis is a chemical equation balanced?

Solution:

A chemical equation is always balanced by comparing the number of atoms of each element on reactant

side as well as product side. It is based on the Law of conservation of mass, i.e. number of atoms on the

left hand side should be equal to the right hand side

3.What happens chemically when quicklime is added to water filled in a bucket?

Solution:

Quick lime is chemically calcium oxide. When it is added to water filled in a bucket, it forms calcium

hydroxide (slaked lime) and reacts vigorously by releasing large amount of heat which is an exothermic

reaction.

4.Why should magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning in air?

Solution:

Magnesium ribbon is made up of pure magnesium metal and it is highly reactive with oxygen which

further leads to the oxidation of magnesium when it comes in contact with air. On the surface of the

magnesium ribbon it forms a layer of oxide and act as a protective layer. So it is necessary to clean the

magnesium ribbon before burning in air.

35.(a) What do you understand by exothermic and endothermic reactions?

(b) Give one example of an exothermic reaction and one of an endothermic reaction.

(c) Which of the following are endothermic reactions and which are exothermic reactions?

(i) Burning of natural gas

(ii) Photosynthesis

(iii) Electrolysis of water

(iv) Respiration

(v) Decomposition of calcium carbonate

Solution:

(a)Exothermic reaction is a reaction takes place when energy is released from the system into the

surroundings

Endothermic reaction is a reaction takes place when energy is absorbed from surroundings in the form
of

heat

(b) The thermal decomposition of Limestone

CaCO3(s)→CaO (s)+CO2(g) This is an example for endothermic reaction

Burning of fuel is an example for exothermic reaction

C8H18(l)+25O2(g)→16CO2(g)+18H2O (g)+heat

(c) (i) and (iv) are exothermic reaction. (ii),(iii),(v) are endothermic reactions

46.When the solution of substance X is added to a solution of potassium iodide, then a yellow solid

separates out from the solution.

(a) What do you think substance X is likely to be?

(b) Name the substance which the yellow solid consists of.

(c) Which characteristic of chemical reactions is illustrated by this example?

(d) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction which takes place.

Mention the physical states of all the reactants and products involved in the chemical equation.

Solution:

(a) Lead Nitrate

(b) Lead Iodide

(c) Formation of precipitate

(d)Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2KI (aq) → PbI2 (s) + 2KNO3 (aq)

47. When water is added gradually to a white solid X, a hissing sound and a lot of heat is produced

forming a product Y. A suspension of Y in water is applied to the walls of a house during white

washing. A clear solution of Y is also used for testing carbon dioxide gas in the laboratory.

(a) What could be solid X? Write its chemical formula.

(b) What could be product Y? Write its chemical formula.

(c) What is the common name of the solution of Y which is used for testing carbon dioxide gas?

(d) Write chemical equation of the reaction which takes place on adding water to solid X.

(e) Which characteristics of chemical reactions are illustrated by this example?

(a) Calcium oxide, CaO.

(b) Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2

(c) Lime water.

(d) CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2

(e) Change in temperature.

48. When metal X is treated with a dilute acid Y, then a gas Z is evolved which burns readily by

making a little explosion.

(a) Name any two metals which can behave like metal X.
(b) Name any two acids which can behave like acid Y.

(c) Name the gas Z.

(d) Is the gas Z lighter than or heavier than air?

(e) Is the reaction between metal X and dilute acid Y exothermic or endothermic?

(f) By taking a specific example of metal X and dilute acid Y,

Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction which takes place.

Also indicate physical states of all the reactants and products.

Solution:

(a) Zinc and Iron.

(b) Dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sulphuric acid.

(c) Hydrogen.

(d) Lighter than air.

(e) Exothermic.

(f) Suppose metal X is zinc (Zn) and acid Y is dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) ;

Zn (s) + 2HCl (aq) → ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

49.A solid substance P which is very hard is used in the construction of many buildings, especially

flooring. When substance P is heated strongly, it decomposes to form another solid Q and a gas R

is given out. Solid Q reacts with water with the release of a lot of heat to form a substance S. When

gas R is passed into a clear solution of substance S, then a white precipitate of substance T is

formed. The substance T has the same chemical composition as starting substance P.

(a) What is substance P? Write its common name as well as chemical formula.

(b) What is substance Q?

(c) What is gas R?

(d) What is substance S? what is its clear solution known as?

(e) What is substance T? Name any two natural forms in which substance T occurs in nature.

Solution:

(a) Calcium carbonate (limestone), CaCO3

(b) Calcium oxide, CaO

(c) Carbon dioxide, CO2

(d) Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2; Lime water.

(e) Calcium carbonate; Limestone and Marble.

50. A silvery-white metal X taken in the form of ribbon, when ignited, burns in air with a dazzling

white flame to form a white powder Y. When water is added to powder Y, it dissolves partially to

form another substance Z.

(a) What could metal X be?

(b) What is powder Y?

(c) With which substance metal X combines to form powder Y?

(d) What is substance Z? Name one domestic use of substance Z.

(e) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction which takes place

When metal X burns in air to form powder Y.

Solution:

(a) Magnesium, Mg.

(b) Magnesium oxide, MgO

(c) Oxygen (of air), O2

(d) Magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2; Used as antacid to relieve indigestion

(e) 2Mg + O2→ 2MgO

51. A metal X forms a salt XSO4. The salt XSO4 forms a clear solution in water which reacts with

sodium hydroxide solution to form a blue precipitate Y. Metal X is used in making electric wires
and alloys like brass.

(a) What do you think metal X could be?

(b) Write the name, formula and colour of salt XSO4.

(c) What is the blue precipitate Y?

(d) Write a chemical equation of the reaction which takes place

When salt XSO4 reacts with sodium hydroxide solution.

Give the state symbols of all the reactants and products which occur in the above equation.

Solution:

(a) Metal could be Copper, Cu.

(b) Copper sulphate, CuSO4, Blue colour.

(c) The blue precipitate Y is Copper hydroxide, Cu(OH)2

(d) CuSO4 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) → Cu(OH)2 (s) + Na2S04 (aq)

52. The metal M reacts vigorously with water to form a solution S and a gas G. The solution S

turns red litmus to blue whereas gas G, which is lighter than air, burns with a pop sound. Metal M

has a low melting point and it is used as a coolant in nuclear reactors.

(a) What is metal M?

(b) What is solution S? Is it acidic or alkaline?

(c) What is gas G?

(d) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction which takes place when metal M

reacts with water.

(e) Is this reaction exothermic or endothermic?

Solution:

(a) Sodium is the metal ( Na )

(b) Solution S is Sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH solution),It is alkaline.

(c) Hydrogen, H2is the gas evolved

(d) 2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2

(e) Reaction is exothermic.

State an important use of decomposition reactions.

Solution:

Decomposition of silver chloride into silver and chlorineby light is used in photography.

In the human body, this reaction helps in digestion of food in the stomach.

Decomposition reaction is used in the manufacture of cement and gypsum.

This reaction is used in the process of welding.

Explain why, food products containing fats and oils (like potato chips) are packaged in nitrogen.

Solution:

The packet of chips or foods containing fats and oils are flushed with nitrogen. This is because nitrogen

acts as a antioxidant and this packaging is to prevent the food products from being oxidized. If we pack

with oxygen it reacts and become rancid and the smell and taste will change and will start to decay.

10. Give one example of a decomposition reaction which is carried out:

(a) With electricity

(b) By applying heat

Solution:

(a) When electricity is passed through acidified water it decomposes to Hydrogen and oxygen gas

2H2 O → 2H2 + O2

(b) By applying heat, thermal decomposition takes place

2NaHCO3(s) → CO2(g) + H2O(g) + Na2CO3(s)

Heating of baking soda is an example

13.Write one equation each for the decomposition reactions where energy is supplied in the form

of (a) heat, (b) light, and (c) electricity.

Solution:

(a) Decomposition reaction when heat is supplied

2Pb(NO3)2→ 2PbO + 4NO2 + O2

(b) Decomposition reaction when light is supplied

2AgCl → 2Ag + Cl2

(c) Decomposition reaction where electricity is supplied

2H2O→ 2H2 + O2

18. Balance the following chemical equations:

(a) FeSO4→ Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3

(b) Pb(NO3)2(s) →PbO(s) + NO2(g) + O2

Solutions:

(a) 2FeSO4→ Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3

(b) 2Pb(NO3)2(s) → 2PbO(s) + 4 NO2(g) + O2

31. Zinc oxide reacts with carbon, on heating, to form zinc metal and carbon monoxide. Write a

balanced chemical equation for this reaction. Name (i) oxidizing agent, and (ii) reducing agent, in

this reaction.

Solution:

ZnO + C → Zn + CO

(i) Oxidizing agents is a reactant which gain electrons and reduced during a redox reaction and here Zinc
oxide is the oxidizing agent

(ii) Reducing agent or reductant is that which substance causes another substance to reduce or it loses

electron and oxidized in a chemical reaction. Here carbon is reducing agent.

65. A red-brown metal X forms a salt XSO4. When hydrogen sulphide gas is passed through an

aqueous solution of XSO4, then a black precipitate of XS is formed along with sulphuric acid

solution.

(a) What could the salt XSO4 be?

(b) What is the colour of salt XSO4?

(c) Name the black precipitate XS.

(b) By using the formula of the salt obtained in (a) above, write an equation of the reaction which

takes place when hydrogen sulphide gas is passed through its aqueous solution.

(e) What type of chemical reaction takes place in this case?

Solution:

(a) Copper sulphate will be the salt formed named as XSO4

(b) Blue colour is the colour of the salt as it is copper sulphate

(c) Copper sulphide is responsible for the black precipitate XS

(d) CuSO4 (aq) + H2S (g) → CuS (s) + H2SO4 (aq)

(e) Double displacement reaction in which reactant ions exchange places to form new products which

results in precipitation reaction.

When a strip of red-brown metal X is placed in a colourless salt solution YNO3 then metal Y is

set free and a blue coloured salt solution X(NO3)2 is formed. The liberated metal Y forms a shining

white deposit on the strip of metal X.

(a) What do you think metal X is?

(b) Name the salt YNO3.

(c) What could be metal Y?

(d) Name the salt X(NO3)2

(e) What type of reaction takes place between metal X and salt solution YNO3?

Solution

(a) Copper is the metal X which is a red brown strip

(b) Silver nitrate is the salt YNO3 which is a colourless salt solution.

(c) Silver is the metal formed Y upon reaction of copper and silver nitrate solution thus it forms a

shining white deposit on the strip metal X

(d) Copper nitrate is X(NO3)2 the salt formed which is blue coloured as copper is present in it

(e) Displacement reaction will be the type of reaction taking place here

Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) → Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s)

67. A metal salt MX when exposed to light splits up to form metal M and a gas X2. Metal M is used

in making ornaments whereas gas X2 is used in making bleaching powder. The salt MX is itself

used in black and white photography.

(a) What do you think metal M is?

(b) What could be gas X2?

(c) Name the metal salt MX.

(d) Name any two salt solutions which on mixing together can produce a precipitate of salt MX.

(e) What type of chemical reaction takes place when salt MX is exposed to light? Write the

equation of the reaction.

Solution:

(a) Silver will be metal X

(b) Chlorine is the gas evolved when MX salt is exposed to light

(c) Silver chloride is the metal salt MX which is used in black and white photography.
(d) Silver nitrate and Sodium chloride are the two salt solutions which on mixing together produce a

precipitate of salt silver chloride

(e) Decomposition reaction is the reaction taking place here when compound decomposes to form

simpler new products. Silver chloride decomposes to form silver and chloride gas

2AgCl → 2Ag + Cl2