Subbiahkannan

Mail id:subbiahkannan91@gmail.com
Advantage of using Digsilent power factory software for power system studies
than other software’s
1.)What is power system
 Power system consist of generation, transmission, distribution & utilization
 Generation means converting some other form of energy into electric energy
 If you take the wind turbine generator which converts the aerodynamic air
into the electric energy.
 Once you generate the energy then you transmit that energy into to the place
where the electric energy is needed that is the beauty of electric energy
 Electricity is not naturally available, nor it is the end use as the electricity
itself
For ex:-
solar irradiation is the naturally available
 Electricity is not naturally available & not going to end use the electricity as
well
 Then why we need the electricity that’s because it is the economic,
environmental & eco-friendly
 If you want to transmit the electricity from one place to another place
economic, environmental then electrical energy is the best form of energy
2.)Why do we need Power system simulation:-
 It is not physically possible to construct the system and test it whether it is
working or not.
 If you are launching rocket, construct it physically and launch it if it fails
 This involves the loss of huge amounts of money, effort and time.
 So, before doing anything physically.
 It is always recommend checking in the simulation, how it is going to
function whether this system which develop physically it is working or not
 To check these, we need the simulation & the simulation is mandatory for
power system also
 Just like any other thing, it is always need the power system also
 The power system simulation is most important because the power system is
the most dynamic system in the world.
 Subbiahkannan
Mail id:subbiahkannan91@gmail.com
What I mean by that?
 If you talk about any product, system, services in the world.
For Ex:-
if you take the T-shirt it is manufactured at the manufacturers
will and it consume as the consumers will in between there is
something called storage
 But when it comes to electricity it is not possible to store the energy as well.
What does it means?
 The instant at which some other form of energy is convert into some other
form at the same instant and the generation and demand as to match, every
moment that makes the most dynamic in the world.
 This is the reason the power system is the most dynamic system in the
world.
 It means anything can happen, Generator is trip, transmission line have fault,
transformer has taken out of maintenance, anything can happen that could be
normal event, that could be abnormal event, that could be any event
 So, anything happen most dynamic system in the world.
 Of-course because the normal, abnormal in all the state the power system
has to be stable & it needs the purpose then power system is inevitable & un-
avoidable.
 For doing the power system simulation, there are quite lot of simulation
software available in the market. There are many power system simulation
software in the world.
 The power system simulation software reduces the time, increases the
flexibility, and eliminate human errors for that the software can be properly
coded and tested.
 Once it is set, then probably eliminates the human errors and of-course you
need to give the right input that’s altogether different
 The power system simulation software is mandatory even for the mid-level
complex projects you may be able to do the manual calculation for the two-
bus system and three-bus system
 But you cannot be able to do the manual calculation for the complex system
then obvious you go for the power system simulation software
Note:-
PV Syst is the energy evaluation software for the solar plant
 Subbiahkannan
Mail id:subbiahkannan91@gmail.com
3.)What are the power system simulation software are available?

Now we explore the Digsilent power factory software,

4.)How to use the Digsilent power factory software?
 Digsilent power factory offers 150Euros for 2 years for the master students
& bachelor students.
 If you are master students, till your complete thesis or till you complete you
Ph.D specifically what is the role & what is the thesis you are doing that’s is
completely free.
 Subbiahkannan
Mail id:subbiahkannan91@gmail.com
5.)Digsilent power factory have the standard busbar system has in-built
feature
 Moving further if you are talking about the Digsilent power factory, these is
the only power system tool which have all the standard busbar systems
which have in-built
Single busbar
single busbar with sectionalized
Double busbar
Double busbar with sectionalized
Double busbar with Tie breaker
One-half breaker scheme
Single busbar with Tie breaker & bypassed
Double busbar with bypassed
Double busbar with Tie breaker & bypassed
Circular Bus system
Rectangular Bus sytem
All these kinds of busbars they are in-built
 Subbiahkannan
Mail id:subbiahkannan91@gmail.com
Now we see the single BB scheme,

 When you look at Substation-1 it is the single BB by looking that which is

easily understandable
 If you see Bay-2 which is already connected.
 If you look that Bay-4 which is in-built circuit breaker, CT’s, Isolators all the
information can be given
Now we see the Double BB scheme,

 If you see the above picture, Double busbar with single breaker scheme
 Isolator-1,Isolator-2,Circuit breaker, you can add the CT’s &VT’s as needed
 Then you connect in whatever the bay which you want
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Mail id:subbiahkannan91@gmail.com

 If you see the above picture, substation-2, Bay-1 is connected to the

Substation-1,Bay-2
 If you want to do the same thing in the other simulation software you have to
manually create the bus, circuit breaker, CT’s, isolators, double bus bar
arrangement.
 You may any other simulation software which have talk about like ETAP,
PSSE,CYME, SKM,ASPEN
 There is no such direct busbar arrangement is available in the simulation
software that is one of the powerful advantages especially when you are
working in the High Voltage Substations
6.) Digsilent power factory have the advantage of multiwinding transformer
configuration
 Another advantage in the Digsilent power factory is it has multi-winding
transformer is available may be the five winding transformer, twelve
winding transformer.
 Nowadays the five winding transformer is quite common for solar plant
application.

 Typically, most of the solar plants have the five winding transformers
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Mail id:subbiahkannan91@gmail.com
 If you look at most of the other software’s, you do not have the direct
modelling of five winding transformers.
 You may convert into two winding transformer or three winding
transformers then you have to do the manual calculations etc.,
 Then it is again not same for all the simulations
 When you perform the load flow, you need to use the different
model
 When you perform the short circuit, you need to use the different
method etc.,
 But the Digsilent power factory have the amazing advantages & it is just not
the five winding

 If you click these it will ask how many windings you want .
 Like the VFD applications, some industries use the 13 winding & 24
winding transformers are used.
 So, the same thing you can model in the Digsilent power factory not possible
in the other simulation software’s

7.) Load Flow analysis in Digsilent power factory, option of “slack bus by
load”
 In Digsilent power factory, if you go for the load flow.
 The other software’s you will take any power system simulations like
ETAP,PSSE,SKM,CYME,PSLF
 Any power system software they have the one option to solve
the load flow analysis using the slack bus/swing bus concept
 But when you come to the Digsilent power factory, you have
the option called adding the real power control
 If you are selecting as dispatched by the reference machine,
then that is equal to the slack bus concept that is the one
option available in most of the simulation software.
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Mail id:subbiahkannan91@gmail.com
 Here the Digsilent power factory gives by the reference machine by load at
the reference bus & it is not necessary the slack bus has to be generator it
could be the load
 A typical example of these slack bus by the load you can talk about
nowadays the Hydrogen generation
 If you talk about the standalone hydrogen plant running with the help of
solar inverters.
 The solar inverter is the only source you might be having the battery energy
storage system that might not be able to balance whatever may be the
mismatch happen in the solar inverter
 But “the load itself acting as the reference based on the generation the
load will adjust automatically that is the hydrogen generation that is
load by the reference bus that is also possible” that is not the reference
machine that is the slack generator(slack load) which also possible which
have the application now-a-days
 By static generators by distributed slack by loads like means what I say
whatever the mismatch between the generation and the demand will go to
only the slack bus reference machine in all the software’s because that is the
only way the software runs the algorithm
 But here which is possible by the load by the static generator at the reference
bus
 The distributed slack by loads, the various loads sharing the loads,
distributed slack by synchronous generators & static generators all the things
are possible
 This is again with respect to the slack bus concept itself
8.)Digsilent Power factory have the primary control & secondary control
option
 if you talk about the secondary control or primary control the other
simulation software which do not have the facility for the load flow analysis
 Your secondary control or primary control will not really work
 For that interesting video in the YouTube channel what is the drawbacks of
other simulation software and what is the advantage of Digsilent power
factory software
 It is the interesting to see if you have the three generators, five Megawatt
each feeding the common load the typical example of FPSO etc.,
 The standalone Diesel generator feeding the IT park etc.,
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Mail id:subbiahkannan91@gmail.com
 When you have concepts like these.
 Then your slack bus concept will not work
 Software’s like ETAP will struggles to give you the results close to the real
time scenario because they do not have the Isochronous load sharing facility
in the load flow analysis
9.)Example for primary control & secondary control, Generator with equal
ratings but the different length between Generator to the switchgear

Assume that you have the length of 50meter, 100meter,150meter

The irrespective of like capacity of generators since the length is different
even if you have created all three generators as the slack source and all the
three are generating the same real power
It is impractical to in software’s like ETAP to share the reactive power
demand equally whereas the pretty much possible in the Digsilent power
factory software in which you have the primary and secondary controls
Not only the ETAP, but the other simulation software also when the length
from the generator to the switchgear is different sharing the reactive power
equally is not at all possible especially when there is the change in load
But using the option called the primary control and secondary control which
is possible in the Digsilent power factory to share the real power, reactive
power equally or share the real power and reactive power proportion to the
rating of the generator
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Mail id:subbiahkannan91@gmail.com

10.) Example for primary control & secondary control, Generator with un-
equal ratings but the equal length between Generator to the switchgear
I have one 5MW generator and another one 10MW generator then they do
not share the power equally.
They must share the power proportional to the ratings
I have one 5MW generator and I have one 10MW generator & my demand is
7.5MW
Both generators are running, then they should not share the power equally
like 3.75MW,3.75MW they need to share the power based on the ratings.
How they must distribute according to the secondary control and primary
control you can set how they can distribute the real and reactive power based
on the secondary control, primary control, based on the inertia all these are
possible
These are all the options available in the Digsilent power factory under the
column of secondary control.
Note:-
 It is not possible in the other simulation software’s
11.)Digsilent power factory avail the option of buried delta in the two-winding
transformer
 if you look at the software’s in the modelling like if I am modelling the two-
winding transformerI am chosen the star and star winding configuration
there is the option called internal delta or buried delta which is possible
 But as soon as If i am selecting the other winding then automatically you
cannot see the buried delta
 There are some beautiful inbuilt features of the software.
 So, if you have the star winding on the HV side and LV side Then in order to
stabilize the transformer you have the buried delta winding on that
transformer this is not the requirement from the user.
 If you have the 220/11kV Transformer, HV winding has to be star & LV
winding has to be star.
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Mail id:subbiahkannan91@gmail.com
 It is good enough for the user perspective
 But for the manufacturer perspective they will add the delta winding that is
buried delta or internal delta which is added into that so that transformer is
probably stabilized into it
 So, such features carefully construct in Digsilent power factory
 If you want to give the impedance in such cases, the different simulation
software they will give own impedance like %Z, X/r ratio or Uk(copper loss)
12.)Different options available in Digsilent power factory for enter the value of
Transformer Impedance
 Digsilent power factory allows you to give the impedance for the four
different formats.
You can give Uk(copper loss) directly
you can give short circuit voltage and Re
You can give short circuit voltage and X/r ratio
You can give R per unit and X per unit
 All these things are pretty much possible but if you compare with other
simulation software, they will be having only one options that means if
your transformer manufacturer give different fashion then you have to
manually sit & calculate.
 But the Digsilent power factory software allows you to whatever format
is given by the transformer manufacturer which is possible in the Digsilent
power factory software.
 You need not manually do the calculation; it is good enough probably select
the method you available then power factory software automatically
calculates for the internal calculations.
 You can select what is the method available
13.) Do not manually create the no’s of transformer requirement for projects,
if once project created then you can use ‘n’ number of times
 if you have like the 100 no’s of transformers like if you look at the industry
which have 10 no’s, 15no’s, 20no’s of transformer in other simulation
software you need to create 10 times or 20 times
 But in the software, once you have create the new project type then you can
use it how many times you wanted you can use it
 If you want to 1.6MVA transformer 10no’s then you create it once then you
can use it
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Mail id:subbiahkannan91@gmail.com
 Like the other software’s, you can manually do the ten times.
 These is the other advantage of power factory software
14.)Digsilent software is the combination of RMS simulation & EMT
simulation
 Digsilent software is one among the rare software which contains the RMS
simulation with EMT simulation
 If you look at the EMTP & PSCAD software, they are electromagnetic
transient software they are exclusive used for transient studies
 If you look at the ETAP, cyme, SKM, PSSE etc., they are the pure RMS
simulation software
 you cannot have the feature combination of both whereas the Digsilent have
the option of RMS simulation as well as the EMT simulation