1.

1 the continuous aspect

1 Complete the sentences with the best option, a), b) or c).

1 I’ve been invited to a wedding on Friday and I was hoping to borrow a dress from you.

2 My neighbours are really irritating. They are always having parties.

3 I’m not sure I can a ord to go on holiday so I’m considering staying at home.

4 The office was empty when I arrived because everyone was having lunch.

5 My house is being decorated so I’m staying with friends.

6 I injured my foot but it’s getting better.

7 I didn’t eat the fish because it smelt horrible.

8 When will they answer? I have been listening to recorded music for fifteen minutes.

2 Match uses a)–h) with sentences 1–8 in Exercise 1.

a) to sound less direct 1

b) for indefinite plans 3

c) to emphasise annoyance 2

d) to talk about things that are changing 6

e) to emphasise the length of time 8

f) to describe a longer interrupted event 4

g) a sense or state verb 7

h) to talk about a temporary situation 5

3 Complete the sentences with the best form of the verbs in brackets.

1 How long have we been waiting for this train? It seems like hours.

2 When I arrived at the restaurant my friends were discussing what to order.

3 We are calling the baby ‘Baby’ until we can agree on a name.

4 If it’s OK with you, I was hoping to use your apartment while you’re away.

5 They are thinking of getting married next spring.

6 You can see the river from the kitchen window.

7 He always talking about his wonderful job and it gets on my nerves.

8 In general, are pollution levels improve in the city centres?

9 They haven’t been seeing each other for six months.

10 I think Prague is a beautiful city

1.2 describing habits

1 Match the sentence halves.

1 My grandfather is inclined - b) to fall asleep a after dinner.

2 He kept - f) failing his exams so he moved to an easier course.

3 I tended to - e) forget important dates so I put them all on my phone.

4 They were always thinking - a) of ways to earn extra money.

5 Our cousins would - c) stay with us during the holidays.

6 My sister will - h) borrow my things without asking.

7 I was forever - g) doing my homework on the tram to school.

8 As a rule, - d) he’s a good problem-solver.

2 Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets.

1 He’s inclined to be insensitive.

2 She keeps trying.

3 I would get a new dictionary every year.

4 They were forever entering competitions.

5 Nine times out of ten, I have to stand on the bus.

6 I have a tendency to be obsessive.

7 As a teenager, he tended to be rebellious.

8 Why are they always watching films.

1.3 speculating

1 Find and correct the mistake in seven of the sentences.

1 I wonder what they’re thinking about.

2 She looks kind of informal – you know, laid back.

3 I’d hazard a guess that it was painted in the 1960s.

4 It looks for me as if someone has thrown paint at the canvas.

5 If I had to make a guess, I’d say that he’s about seventy.

6 He gives the impression of being thoughtful.

7 It seems to me that he has a secret.

8 I’m pretty sure the exhibition is open for another month.

2 Complete the words.

1 I guess she’s about fi y.

2 I would say he’s unhappy.

4 It seems like the artist was fascinated by her

subject.

5 He could be a scientist.

6 There’s something mysterious about this portrait.

7 They look a bit bored to me.

8 All the paintings look kind of sad.

3 Underline the correct alternatives.

1 She looks kind of annoyed.

2 I’ve got loads of things to do.

3 In the evenings I watch TV, see friends and stuff like that.

4 All my stuff from university is in the garage.

5 There were around forty people there.

6 Is there plenty of food for everyone?

7 The film’s about a love triangle or something like that.

8 It’s more or less an hour’s drive.

Consolidation

1 Complete the text with the best option, a), b), c) or d).

I was recently staying with my old friend, Nell, and it seemed to me that there was something wrong. As a
rule, she never stops talking but this time she was very quiet. At first, I thought she was just tired but, as
time went by, I became more concerned so I asked her several times if something was worrying her. She
kept saying everything was fine but I was pretty sure she was hiding something. I think it is sometimes
easier to talk to someone if you’re not looking at them so I asked her again when we were in the car driving
to the cinema. This time, she told me everything. It turned out that she was having problems at work and
she thought that she was going to lose her job. I know she has a tendency to be dramatic so I wondered if
she was exaggerating the situation. Basically, a colleague was always publically criticizing her work so Nell
was lossing confidence. I told her that it seemed to me that the colleague was probably a trouble-maker
and that she should try ignoring him.

2.1 conditionals and regrets

1 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.

1 If I’d taken your advice, I would have regretted it.

2 Had he asked me, I would have said it was a good opportunity.

3 But for ambitious parents, he wouldn’t be such a success.

4 I wish you’d be quiet and listen!

5 If they’d acted sooner, they wouldn’t be in debt now.

6 Supposing you had gone to university, what difference would it have made?

7 If only you’d listened to my advice!

8 Imagine you’d lived hundred years ago, what a career would you have had.

2 Find and correct the mistakes in sentences 1–8 below. Two sentences are correct.

1 If only we met earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the beginning of the film.

2 I wish you had taken your exams more seriously.

3 He regrets not working abroad when he had the opportunity.

4 If she hadn’t got the job, she’d have been very disappointed.

5 Supposing you hadn’t started your own business, what would you have done?

6 Imagine he’d got the job, what would it have been like working with him?

7 Had I been better prepared, the interview would have gone better.

8 If you’d asked for my advice, I’d have said it was a good idea.

3 Complete the second sentence so it has a similar meaning to the first.

1 He didn’t ask me so I didn’t tell him.

If he had asked me? I would have told him.

2 You didn’t have any money so you couldn’t buy anything.

Supposing you had had some money, would you have bought it? 3 Her grandfather’s money paid for their
apartment.

3 Her grandfather’s money paid for their apartment.

But for her grandfather’s money, they wouldn’t have an apartment.

4 I shouldn’t have left school when I was sixteen.

If only I hadn’t left school when I was sixteen..

5 He didn’t revise so he has to retake his exams.

If he’d revised, he wouldn’t have to retake his exams.

6 Please help more.

I wish you’d help more.

2.2 verb patterns

1 Match the sentence halves.

1 Are you interested in c) making a regular donation?

2 At the time, it was considered a) to be a revolutionary idea.

3 The ticket price appears f) to include a drink.

4 She regrets d) being so rude.

5 Homelessness was thought g) to be a problem of the past.

6 I can’t stand h) being outside in the winter.

7 We expect b) to see an improvement before too long.

8 To help e) is a human instinct.

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1 He mentioned going to that library in the past.

2 We regret to tell you that the train has been cancelled.

3 They were hoping to get free tickets for the concert.

4 My colleagues encouraged me to apply for promotion.

5 She was interested in learning more about the problems of homelessness.

6 Were they pleased to hear your news?

7 I loved being asked for my opinion.

8 It’s unusual not to hear from her regularly.

9 It’s considered impolite not to apologise.

10 Does she dislike being in large crowds?

2.3 introducing opinions

1 Insert the missing words in six of the sentences.

1 According to the statistics, there is a need for 10% more teachers in the next ten years.

2 If you ask me, too many people expect to be successful without working hard.

3 From what I can gather, not many people trust politicians.

4 As far as I’m concerned, a public health service is essential.

5 If you want my honest opinion, people should be paid according to their contribution to society.

6 Look at it this way, if everyone were paid a living wage, tax revenue would go up.

7 The reality is that most people’s standard of living is higher than it was fifty years ago.
8 Quite frankly, if people don’t want to work they shouldn’t receive benefits.

2 Complete the sentences with the phrases in the box.

1 As far as I’m concerned, everyone should have to buy health insurance.

2 According tothe government, we’re all better off than we think we are.

3 If you ask me, unhealthy fast food should be taxed like cigarettes.

4 To my knowledge, youth unemployment is the worst it’s ever been.

5 Look at it this way, when someone is in the public eye, they should know how to behave.

6 In reality, not everyone can afford to go to university.

7 If you want my honest opinion, I think the researchers asked the wrong questions.

8 From what I can gather, there are lots of new jobs in the building industry.

1 Complete the text with the best option, a), b) or c).

The problem

I have a job in banking that I don’t particularly like but it is well-paid which means I can a fford to travel in
my free time. Travelling is my real passion and my dream job is to be a travel writer. Should I stick with a
secure, well-paid job or give it up and spend my savings on a journalism course? If I didn’t have such a good
job, it would be an easier decision!

Wanderlustwoman

Your answers

If you want my honest opinion: take the risk! I’ve just retired from forty years in a job I didn’t enjoy and I
regret staying in it. If only I have followed my heart and trained as a chef, I wouldn’t be looking back at my
life thinking I’d wasted it.

Salaryman

Don’t leave your job! Journalism is a difficult area to be successful in. Quite frankly, even if you got a place
on a journalism course, there’s no guarantee you’d make a living as a travel writer. My sister was
considered to be one of the best writers on her course but it took her ages to get a job.

Securityfirst

Two years ago, I decided to leave my job in sales to work as a diving instructor. Although I loved it, I was
paid very little and had to spend my savings. I’m now unemployed. The reality is, you can’t live on dreams.

Divingbelle
3.1 noun phrases

1 Correct the word order in six of the sentences.

1 We stayed in a lovely new guesthouse in the town center.

2 We always looked forward to returning to our delightful little old hotel room.

3 The food was served on dreadful old blue and white china.

4 The shops were filled with horrible bright orange leather bags.

5 There were two friendly little cafés near to our hotel.

6 The entrance to the gallery was dominated by three large rectangular stone sculptures.

7 My expensive new leather walking shoes were very uncomfortable.

8 The local market sold lots of delicious fresh local produce.

2 Complete the second sentence so it has the same meaning as the first.

1 I took my cousin who is ten on a walk for five miles.

I took my ten-year-old cousin on a five-mile walk.

2 We ordered the set menu with five courses.

We ordered the five-course set menu.

3 I was surprised how interesting the museum was.

It was a surprisingly interesting museum.

4 The beds were in houses in the trees.

The beds were in tree houses.

5 My grandmother travels in a chair with wheels.

My grandmother travels in a wheelchair.

6 He enjoyed the orange juice that was delicious and refreshing.

He enjoyed the deliciously refreshing orange juice.

7 We couldn’t sleep because cars raced under our window all night.

We were kept awake by cars racing under our window all night.

8 The receptionist recommended a local taxi company.

The receptionist gave us a recommendation for a local taxi company.

3.2 relative clauses

1 Match the sentences 1–2 with the correct explanation, a) or b).

1 1 The people, whose work was finished, left early.

a) Some people left early.

2 The people whose work was finished left early.

b) Everyone left early.

2 1 The open plan offices which had good natural light were pleasant to work in.

b) All the offices had good natural light and were pleasant to work in.

2 The open plan offices, which had good natural light, were pleasant to work in.

a) Some offices had good natural light and were pleasant to work in.

3 1 My colleagues whom I like I see outside work.

b) I like all of my colleagues and I see them outside work.

2 My colleagues, whom I like, I see outside work.

a) I like some of my colleagues and I see them outside work.

4 1 The desk that has been in the office for a hundred years is an antique.

b) There are several desks but only one of them has been there for a hundred years.

2 The desk, that has been in the office for a hundred years, is an antique.

a) There is one desk and it’s a hundred years old.

2 Use the words and phrases in the box to combine pairs of sentences.

1 This is the main conference room, I presented the proposal.

2 They submitted the report on which they had worked for six months.

3 There is a car park under our building. I park there every day.

4 There are ten people in my department none of whom I.

5 She is the departmental manager whose parking space on my first day here.

6 She may leave her job, in which case I’ll get promotion.

7 My boss shouted at me, at which point I left my job.

8 I have three laptops, all of which are slow.

3.3 making a proposal

1 Complete the expressions used to structure proposals.

1 In the first instance , this would mean …

2 Is there anything that needs clarification?

3 Just to give a bit of background information …

4 To start with , we’re going to talk briefly about …

5 The long-term benefits include …

6 The main objective of our proposal is to …

7 This idea is feasible because …

8 This solution will help because …

9 To sum up, we are proposing …

10 We’re going to come up with …

3 Complete the second sentence so it has a similar meaning to the fi rst. Use the words in brackets.

1 I think we should think about the situation differently

Let’s look at it another way.

2 I think we should combine the two ideas.

I’d like to propose that we combine the two ideas.

3 Can we spend more than the budget?

Is there any leeway regarding the budget?

4 I think we need to find a solution.

Let’s try to come up with a solution.

5 Can this be done more quickly?

Is there any way this can be done more quickly?

Consolidation

1 Complete the proposal with the best option, a), b) or c).

To start with, I’m going to explain the background to our proposal for a concierge – or personal assistant –
service. The aim of our business is to provide a tailormade, personal assistance service for international
business travelers. What we plan to do is to have an international network of concierges who will supply a
service that meets all the local needs of business visitors. So, for example, there is a business traveller in
New York who wants tickets to the Metropolitan Opera, to buy an antique silver ring and to retrieve their
suitcase that was lost in transit. Our twenty-four-hour a day service will take care of all these things. What
we plan to do is to build a network of hand-picked, independent concierges so we can guarantee a first-
class level of service in all the major cities of the world. Payment, which would be annual, allows the client
an unlimited global service. The main benefit to our clients is that our service will provide a remarkably
inexpensive solution to the many problems international business travellers can encounter. All the hassle
will be taken out of international business travel – allowing the business person to focus on their work. To
sum up, we are proposing that for one annual fee you will have a personal assistant in all the world’s major
business centres. Thank you for your attention. Does anyone have any questions?

4.1 introductory it

1 Add it/it’s in the correct place(s) in sentences 1–10.

1 Do you find it easy to get up early?

2 He always leaves it to me to book our holidays.

3 I hate the winter when it’s cold and dark all the time.

4 It’s a good place for a walk.

5 You can walk to the city centre – it’s only two kilometres.

6 It’s midnight so please turn the music off.

7 It’s no use getting annoyed about unimportant things.

8 I’m not really ill. It’s just that I’ve got a slight cold.

9 Hello. It’s Jack. Could I speak to Owen, please?

10 It’s 18th January and seven o’clock. Here is the news

2 Rewrite the sentences with it/it’s and the words in brackets.

1 Amazingly, she passed her exams.

It’s a wonder that she passed her exams.

2 In some cultures, discussing money is rude.

In some cultures, it’s considered rude to discuss money.

3 They think that the fire started in the basement.

It would appear that the fi re started in the basement.

4 I don’t know what to do in such a terrible situation.

It’s hard to know what to do in such a terrible situation.

5 Don’t waste your time worrying about things you can’t change.

It’s pointless worrying about things you can’t change.

6 I am amazed that he got promoted.

It amazed me that he got promoted.

7 Learning a foreign language isn’t easy.

It’s not easy to learn a foreign language.

8 I’d be grateful if you could you lend me some money.

I’d appreciate it if you could you lend me some money.

4.2 the perfect aspect

1 Complete the sentences with the correct option, a), b) or c)

1 The organisation has helped over 400 families in the last year.

2 They had been working from home for several years before the charity got a proper office.
3 If you’re looking for the keys, he had put them in the top drawer.

4 When they opened the post they found someone had sent a generous donation.

5 He appears to have found a flat to share.

6 By the end of the year they hope they will have raised enough money for a new computer.

2 Complete the sentences with the correct perfect form of the verbs in brackets.

1 By 2025, he will have spent spent twenty years in prison.

2 By the time she retires next year, she will have been workink as a police officer for thirty years.

3 She has been waiting for her appeal to go to court for over a year.

4 He had been in prison for six years before evidence was found that proved his innocence.

5 The press photographers have been standing outside the court since the trial started.

6 When the witness has finished giving her evidence, she can leave the witness box.

7 Looking at the crowds in the public galley, the case would seem to have interested the public.

8 By 2020, I will have been visiting my sister in prison for ten years.

4.3 hypothetical preferences

1 Find and correct the mistakes in sentences 1–8 below. Two sentences are correct.

1 Given a choice, I’d sooner be on a jury than have to give evidence.

2 No way would I be a have-a-go hero.

3 Without a shadow of a doubt, I’d report a drug dealer.

4 My preference would be to send non-violent criminals to open prisons.

5 Far better to confess and face the consequences than to live with a guilty conscience.

6 I’d just as soon to challenge a burglar as jump off a cliff.

7 If it was up to me, I’d sentence delinquents to community service.

8 If I ever found myself in that situation, I’d probably panic.

2 Complete the conversations with the phrases in the box. There are two extra phrases.

1 A: If it was up to me, I’d ban smoking in cars.

B: The thing is, I think it would be too difficult to enforce.

2 A: Without a shadow of a doubt, people who mistreat their children should go to prison.

B: What you have to remember is that it’s a generational problem. The parents were probably mistreated
when they were children.

3 A: If you ever found yourself witnessing a mugging, would you intervene?

B: No chance. I’m too much of a coward.

4 A: My preference would be to be tried by a jury, not just a judge.

B: I completely agree. Most judges don’t understand normal people’s lives.

5 A: Far better to be a live coward than a dead hero.

B: You’re absolutely right but sometimes you have to take action.

Consolidation

1 Complete the text with the best option, a), b) or c).

When it was built in the 1970s, Hurst House provided modern, affordable flats for families who had been
moved by the housing authority from 19th century slums. It was a pleasant environment with modern
amenities. However, the planners hadn’t thought about how the community would adapt to living in high-
rise flats. As soon as they could, families left the flats and many of them were rented to problem families. In
a few years, the flats had become a no-go area and many older people were afraid to leave their homes.
One eighty-year-old resident told me, ‘I have lived here since the flats were built. It was lovely then but all
sorts of people have been moving in recently and the area has gone down. The lift hadn’t been working for
three weeks so I haven’t been able to go out shopping. I’ve been waiting to be rehoused for three years and
it looks as though it’ll be another three before anything happens.’ Another resident told me, ‘Next year, I’ll
have been living here for nearly thirty years. Given the choice, I’d go back to a terraced house. I’d sooner
live in a house with no hot water than stay on the tenth floor.’ It’s hard to know if she was serious but
clearly something is wrong. It’s no wonder that with rising crime, poor maintenance and little community
spirit so many people are keen to leave the flats.

1.1 Phrases with name

1 Complete the sentences with the phrases in the box.

1 My company was asking people to train overseas. It sounded exciting, so I put my name forward .

2 My parents have both been so successful. It’s going to be hard to live up my name.

3 My parents both love classical music, so they named me after their favourite composer.

4 Some people are a bit embarrassed of their middle name.

5 That actor’s always on TV. He’ll be a household name soon.

6 He tried very hard to clear his name after those false accusations.

7 I worked hard for years and made a name for myself as a chef.

8 I’ve been asked to work on an exciting project at work. Apparently, the CEO asked for me by name.

9 Philippa and Chris are married in name only. They haven’t lived together for years.

1.2 Personality

2 Put the letters in italics in the correct order to complete the sentences.

1 Dan just doesn’t seem to care. He’s so apathetic these days.

2 I hope Anne’s insensitive comment didn’t hurt your feelings.

3 Wing Tse’s always setting unrealistic targets for herself. She’s over-ambitious.

4 Liam’s quick to do his homework. He’s very conscientious.

5 When Justine gets an idea, she can never let go of it. She can be pretty obstinate.

6 As a toddler you were inquisitive, always asking questions and wanting to explore.

7 Most teenagers are rebellious some stage and do things their parents disapprove of.

8 Francesca can always gauge people’s moods. She’s very perceptive like that.

3 Underline the correct alternatives.

1 I’m sure you’ll get on with my friends. They’re pretty easy-going.

2 One day, Ahmed will decide to go travelling and will just leave. He’s always been impetuous.

3 Andy’s unlikely to change his taste in clothes. He’s always been pretty conservative.

4 Please don’t criticise Amira’s cooking. She’s really temperamental and might get angry.

5 We’ll have to be a bit circumspect when raising the issue at the meeting.

6 We should all stop being so selfish and think of others once in a while.

7 What a wonderful birthday present. You’re so kind and considerate.

8 Samir’s always been introverted. He likes to keep to himself.

Idioms for people

4 Match 1–7 with the endings a)–g).

1 That customer’s complaining about everything. She’s a pain c) in the neck.

2 Alexi’s a dark e) horse. Who knew he could cook that well?

3 Mike isn’t looking for a yes a) man. He wants someone who’ll offer some constructive criticism.

4 I’m quite shy but my sister’s always the life b) and soul of the party.

5 Habib’s an old g) hand at this job. He’s been here for years.

6 My brother Matt’s the black f) sheep of the family. We’re all doctors and he’s an actor.

7 I can’t get my dad to do anything new. He’s really set d) in his ways.

5 Find and correct the mistake in each sentence.

1 You never know what Danny’s going to say next. He’s a real loose cannon!

2 All he does is sit and watch TV. He’s such an couch potato.

3 Simone got promoted and now he’s walking around like he’s the big cheese.

4 Anna broke her wrist, but continued to play the whole match. She’s a real tough cookie!
5 Do we have to invite Mark to the party? You know he’s such a wet blanket.

6 It only takes one rotten apple in the company to spoil it for everyone.

1.3 Images

6 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. More than one answer may be possible.

1 Joseph Turner’s paintings are evocative of a time in history.

2 Thomas Moran’s paintings really capture the beauty of the Rocky Mountains.

3 Andy Warhol created iconic images using tins of soup. They’re still famous today.

4 Anna Delany’s street photography is very revealing about life in New York.

5 Banksy’s street art is provocative and designed to get us questioning our society.

6 Clarice Cliff was well known for her bold, striking use of colour in her ceramics.

Focus on set

7 Match the underlined phrases with their meanings a)–n).

1 Try not to set fire to the house when you light the candles. d) start burning something

2 I’ve got a box set of that new crime drama. Let’s watch it. n) a number of DVDs that contain a TV series or
a series of films.

3 Don’t you dare set foot in this house until you’ve cleaned your boots. g) enter

4 The traffic will be bad, so we should set off nice and early. l) begin (a journey)

5 Here are a set of guidelines on using the internet securely. a) a list of information giving advice

6 How many TV sets do you have? e) televisions

7 A journalist accused the politician of lying, but the politician has set the record straight. b) tell the truth
a er someone lied

8 I was hoping to finish my essay today, but being ill yesterday has set me back a bit. h) delay

9 She’s too set in her ways to travel. She loves her home comforts. c) unwilling to change

10 Right, we’ve got passports, money and tickets. I think we’re all set. k) be ready

11 Janet had a set-to with her neighbour over parking. m) an argument

12 We’re planning on setting up our own online store. i) starting (a business)

13 Marian’s set about planning the wedding with such enthusiasm. I wonder if it’ll last? f) started (doing
something

14 I was worried about Luke, but he’s set my mind at rest. j) stopped (someone) worrying

8 Complete the spidergram with the underlined phrases from Exercise 7

Nouns
a box set, TV sets, set of guidelines, a set-to

Phrasal verbs

set off, set back, set about, set up

Phrases

set fire to, set foot in, set the record straight, set in your ways, be all set, set someone’s mind at rest

9 Complete the sentences with the correct form of some of the phrases from Exercise 8.

1 The new hospital’s still not finished. Budgetary problems set back the building work six months.

2 If you want to set up your own business, ask the bank if they’ll lend you money.

3 Mario’s unlikely to set foot in here again after he embarrassed himself last week.

4 How many TV sets do you have in your house? Do you have one in every room?

5 As soon as Yuko heard about the problem she set about solving it as fast as possible.

6 We spent all weekend watching a box set of old TV crime dramas.

7 I managed set fire to the kitchen this weekend by leaving boiling oil on the cooker.

8 We all thought Carlos had stolen my cake, but he set the record straight. Apparently it was Lucia.

9 Helen had a set-to with her flatmate yesterday. They haven’t talked all day.

10 We should’ve set off at 7a.m. We’re going to be late now.

ADVANCED UNIT 3

3.1 Landscapes

1 Put the letters in italics in the correct order to complete the sentences.

1 Lake Windermere’s busy in summer, but perfectly tranquil in the autumn.

2 There are magnificent mountain views from the Great Wall of China.

3 The beautiful walled city of Carcassonne is almost deserted in early December.

4 Ravenna has such a bustling market square. It’s well worth a visit.

5 I’m glad we visited that fishing village. It was so picturesque.

6 Ireland has many beautiful, unspoilt beaches to enjoy.

7 The ancient tomb of Agamemnon is a popular tourist attraction in Greece.

8 I quite like this city, but some areas are a bit run-down.

3.2 -y adjectives

2 Complete the text with the words in the box.

Apple Tree Cottage

Apple Tree Cottage is a beautiful home which offers several attractive features to buyers. It has a large and
shady garden with many mature trees. It has modern central heating and an open fire in the living room for
those chilly winter evenings. Unlike other similar older properties that can seem a little dark and gloomy,
Apple Tree Cottage has many large windows making it feel light and airy. No poky rooms here either, with
each offering plenty of floor space making them feel very roomy. Even on dreary, rainy days, the views of
the hills from this house are magnificent.

Viewing advised.

Adjectives

3 Underline the correct alternatives.

1 Some sprawling Japanese cities just seem to go on forever.

2 You can find many quaint little villages in the west of France.

3 Some people say Guangzhou, with over 11 million inhabitants, is overpopulated.

4 At nearly 6,500 kilometres long, the Amazon River can only be described as vast.

5 Route 19 around the island of Hawaii is thought to be the most scenic road in the world.

6 La Sagesse Bay in Grenada is home to one of the world’s most secluded beaches.

7 Everyone should visit the awe-inspiring waterfalls at Yellowstone National Park.

8 A lot has been written about life in the ramshackle favelas of Brazil.

Prefixes

4 Find and correct seven mistakes with prefi xes in the sentences.

1 The cave art in Ardèche, France is irreplaceable.

2 The misbehaviour of some tourists has resulted in the historical site being temporarily closed.

3 Parts of the city were uninhabitable in the last decade, but have since been redeveloped.

4 The anti-war demonstrations played a part in ending the conflict, but to say they were the main cause is
an understatement.

5 The debate started owell, but soon degenerate into chaos.

6 This city was mismanaged in the 90s and is still suffering the results today.

7 The best parts of any city are always a little hidden away. You have to be proactive to find them.

8 The company’s failing due to maladministration.

9 The best players in the world should all be immortalised as a statue outside national stadiums.

5 Complete the sentences with the correct prefixes.

1 It’ll be far quicker if we take the subway.

2 We’ve missed the bus. We’ll have to get a minicab instead.

3 Daniella says she’s seen a ghost, but I don’t believe in the supernatural.

4 The straps on my new watch are inter-changeable.

5 I’m going to start drinking semi-skimmed milk rather than full fat.

6 We lost the match. In fact, the other team outplayed us rather easily.

7 Every passenger needs to know that they have a capable captain and co-pilot.

8 My favourite graphic novel is published bi-monthly.

3.3 City life

6 Complete the article with the words in the box.

Redevelopment in our city has turned it into a place fit for 21st-century living. There is a range of amenities
for inhabitants and visitors to enjoy including galleries, museums, sports stadiums and a concert hall that
attracts world-famous names. In recent years the city council has worked hard to improve the
infrastructure. Transport facilities are much more convenient as a result and the cycle scheme in the city
centre has also helped ease congestion. The reduction in the tolls on the motorway nearby has also
encouraged more motorists to use the motorway and has helped to reduce through-traffic to the city.
Despite an abandonment of smaller shops on the high street some years ago, the building of a shopping
centre in the city and free parking on Wednesdays means there is a thriving shopping scene. Finally,
housing regeneration has really increased the number of quality homes for local residents.

Focus on in-

7 Cross out the words in the box that do not go with the prefix in-.

ability accuracy adequate appropriately attractive capable descript edible efficient exposed formally justice
managed possible secure sensitively significantly sufficient valuable.

8 Complete the spidergram with the remaining words in the box from Exercise 7. With which adjective
does in- not change the meaning to negative?

Nouns

inability, inaccuracy, injustice

Adjectives

inadequate, incapable, inedible, inefficient, insecure, invaluable, insufficient

Adverbs

inappropriately, informally, insensitively, insignificantly

Invaluable means that something is very valuable.

9 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words from Exercise 8. Decide if the word should
include the prefi x in- or not.

1 Numbers of course bookings are insufficient and we will therefore be required to cancel the course.

2 There are a lot of inaccuracies in your report. Can you correct them?
3 We would like to formally invite you to our wedding on 10th October.

4 Yves very sensitively gave Greta feedback on her work so he didn’t upset her.

5 I’m really sorry, I can’t eat this food. It’s inedible.

6 I have a real inability to grow plants. They just seem to die as soon as I start to look after them.

7 The number of students studying physics has dropped significantly, by almost thirty percent.

8 My piano skills are sufficient for a hobby, but I could never be a professional.

9 Thom’s expertise on this project is invaluable. We just wouldn’t be able to do it without him.

10 There are many injustices in the world. Poverty and inequality are just two of them.

11 Jobs just aren’t secure anymore. Companies often make people redundant.

12 Don’t you think you’re inappropriately dressed? I’m not sure jeans are acceptable at the restaurant.

13 Our old heating system was very inefficient. It cost us a fortune, but the house never felt warm.

14 Maria’s incapable of keeping a tidy house. Everywhere you look there’s mess.

4.1 Crime collocations

1 Complete the sentences with one word. The first letter of each word is given.

1 The police have conducted a drugs raid at a nightclub and arrested ten people.

2 The lawyer thinks he has the evidence to prove his client’s innocence.

3 The judge gave the man a two-year prison sentence, but then suspended it for two years.

4 The three men were determined to carry out the burglary.

5 No wonder Lee’s been convicted of a driving offence. He’s always speeding.

6 The two women went to the police to report a crime.

7 The judge asked for the woman’s previous conviction to be taken into account.

8 The prisoner was determined to appeal against her sentence.

Match a beginning in A with a word in B and an ending in C to make sentences.

A new suspect is helping police withtheir inquiries.

A new antisocial behaviour law comesinto force at midnight tonight.

Andrei was given points on his licencefor speeding on the motorway.

Three suspects are being held incustody on suspicion of theft.

A woman involved in a fight has beencharged with assault.

The increase in phone muggings isposing a threat to public safety.

Water cannons were fired at the crowdof angry protestors.

Lexical chunks

3 Underline the correct alternatives.

1 The public should have faith in the criminal/crime justice system.

2 There’s huge public demand to bring/have the killers to justice.

3 The crowds outside the courthouse are demonstrating/demanding justice.

4 It’s imperative/vicinity that the police are fair and honest.

5 It’s the role of the police and the judge to uphold/hold up justice.

6 In some areas, gangs practise rough/tough justice rather than go to the police.

7 It’s in/up to the public to protect themselves online with complex passwords.

8 We must never allow criminals to leave/escape justice.

4.2 Social issues

4 Put the letters in italics in the correct order to complete the sentences. Tick the statements you agree
with.

1 It’s the duty of first-world countries to aid in the economic development of poorer nations.

2 We need to increase environmental awareness if we are to help sustain the planet.

3 There needs to be a revision of child labour laws in some countries to protect young people.

4 Illegal emigration can result in reduced work for local workers.

5 Freedom of speech should mean we can say what we like, but without oending others.

6 Within the EU, companies benefit from free trade between countries.

7 Laws that restrict gun control are effective in reducing crime.

8 Capital punishment is not an effective deterrent to serious crime.

5 Find and correct the mistake in each sentence.

1 Ageism can affect the working lives of older people.

2 Even in some wealthier countries, poverty remains a problem for many people.

3 Police usually use technology to trace white-collar crime.

4 Antisocial behaviour can prevent people from enjoying their environment.

5 The government does not enforce censorship on the media.

6 Organised crime is responsible for much of the black market.

7 Gender inequality means there are still fewer women in top jobs.

8 Illiterate still exists in developed countries although in very small numbers.

4.3 Decisions

6 Complete the text with the words in the box.

When faced with a dilemma, the best thing to do is to assess the situation as carefully as possible. Write a
list of possible solutions and think each one throug carefully. You can do this by weighing up the pros and
cons of each one. Bear in mind that there might be other people involved and try to think about the
situation from their perspective too. Once you’ve taken the benefits and drawbacks of each solution into
consideration, you should be better able to make the right choice. Talk it over with someone else if it helps.
When you’re in a predicament it can feel as if you’re alone, but speaking to someone else can help you to
make the right decision.

Focus on come

7 Match the underlined phrases with their meanings a)–n). Which two phrases have two di- erent
meanings?

1 Singing comes easily to me. I guess I was born with a good voice. e) not be difficult

2 I don’t know what’s come over you today. You’ve never this silly! n) affect (a feeling)

3 The wedding took months to organise so we were pleased when it all came off without a problem. j)
happen successfully

4 You failed your test? How come? a) why? (informal)

5 I came across a really interesting article this morning. l) find by chance

6 Sheena thinks she’s coming down with flu. d) start feeling ill

7 What time shall we come along for dinner tonight? h) arrive

8 Doctors have come under pressure for prescribing too many antibiotics. g) experience something

unpleasant

9 An issue’s come up with the library. It seems not everyone’s been given access. k) arise (a problem)

10 When the opportunity to work in Australia came up, Jason said yes immediately. f) become available

(an opportunity)

11 I’ve tried to think of a few ideas for the party, but nothing’s come to mind yet. m) occurred to me

12 Daoud came first in the 100 metres at school yesterday. We were so proud. c) be the most
important/win

13 When it comes to gardening, Laurence knows a thing or two. i) on the subject of

14 Don’t you think that Kellie sometimes comes across as a bit arrogant? b) seems

8 Complete the spidergram with the phrases from Exercise 7.

Phrasal verbs

come over, came off, came across, coming down with, come along, come under, come up
Phrases

comes easily, How come?, come to mind, came first, When it comes to

9 Complete the sentences with the correct form of phrasal verbs and phrases from Exercise 8.

1 I won’t be able to get to the restaurant for 7a.m., but I might come along later.

2 How come you didn’t go for a run today? Are you tired?

3 Millie sometimes comes across as rude, but she’s just very shy.

4 We need ideas for our day trip. If something comes ti mind, let me know.

5 A feeling of sadness came over all of us when we heard the news.

6 An opening for a new shop assistant has come up at the local supermarket.

7 I came across a really interesting book today. You might want to read it.

8 Becca entered a poetry competition and came first! She’ll be published now.

9 A problem’s come up that could affect us all today.

10 When it comes to music, Gregor has terrible taste.

11 Miki has come under a lot of stress since she started her new job.

12 Being creative comes easily to Teresa, but I find it very hard.

13 The presentation came off without any problems, even though we weren’t very well-prepared.

14 I think I’m coming down with a cold. I can’t stop sneezing.