FASTEST GROWING AREA

IN THE WORLD?
studio goal client
Ruiru Municipal Council
AFRICA

HOW DO YOU PLAN FOR THE

THE ISSUE
rapid urban growth...
The UN estimates that within the next ve years, more than half of the worlds population will be living in urban areas. The global population is rapidly increasing and the majority of this growth is occurring in less developed countries.
1950 29.7

KEY TRENDS AND CHALLENGES

land use
Agriculture Mixed use Institutional

SCENARIOS
three potential futures
- Lack of capacity - Physical Planning Act - Local Government Act - Uncontrolled subdivision of plots consuming rich agricultural land
Public (20%) Private (80%)

ASSETS
NAIROBI

KEY RECOMMENDATIONS
poly-nucleated metropolitan development land use
- Strengthen municipal independence and economic value of Ruiru - Environmental improvement - Equitable access to opportunities - Ruiru both a contributor and an asset to the metropolitan region

Agriculture Mixed use Institutional

- Unauthorized and informal land use - Rapid subdivision and loss of limited fertile land - 80% of land privately owned - Lack of land use enforcement

RUIRU NAIROBI
Th R ika

Below are three potential scenarios for metropolitan development and their consequences for Ruiru.

Industrial Mixed commercial / residential Single family housing Multi-family housing

Th

R ika

Industrial Mixed commercial / residential Single family housing Multi-family housing

Population (in billions) 10 8

2000 6.1 billion

unplanned
Ruiru will suffer from the sprawl of informal housing and markets, as well as the loss of all fertile land to housing subdivisions

Proximity to Nairobi

RAPID HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS

SPRAWL OF INFORMAL MARKETS

- Create land use zoning map - Develop a site and services program for informal developments - Design a process to integrate all stakeholders in land use decisions - Integrate Ruiru land use with Nairobi Metropolitan plan - Promote mixed-use, higher density development

2000

47.4

6 4 2
Less developed countries
0 0 2.5 5 Miles

2030

61.1

0
50 00 50 00 50 00 17 18 18 19 19 20

More developed countries

0 0

2.5

5 Miles

50

20

21

00

LAND USE MAP OF RUIRU MUNICIPALITY

PUBLIC VS PRIVATE OWNERSHIP OF LAND

Th R ika d

Rural

Urban

PERCENTAGE OF WORLD LIVING IN URBAN AREAS

(Source: Faireld University)

WORLD POPULATION GROWTH 1750-2150

(Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects, 1998 Revision)

...in peri-urban areas

Africa is the fastest growing area in the world and predominantly agricultural. The combination of explosive urban growth pushing outward into predominantly rural land has led to a new trend of development on city fringes known as peri-urban areas.
High, 4% - 5% Medium, 1% - 4% Low, under 1%

economy

health

transportation

governance
0 2.5 5 Miles

Fertile soils, good climate

economy

- Develop multi-sectoral business association - Incorporate a voluntary, non-voting Business Advisor on municipal council - Tax incentives for infrastructure provision - Designate industrial park via land consolidation and infrastructure provision - Institute a more inclusive policy towards informal development

POTENTIAL FUTURE OF RUIRU

Agriculture - fertile soil Agriculture - dry soil Commercial Mixed use Industrial Institutional Single family housing Slums Proposed bypass

AIR QUALITY STUDY: PM2.5

Location on major road

peri-urban
Transitional zone with unique sectoral interaction between both rural and urban functions Characteristics: - Unplanned & often informal development - Lack of infrastructure - Administrative responsibilities unclear - Local and regional inequalities intensied - Limited fertile land divided

health

- Improve conditions of public and private pit-latrines - Establish a community-led sanitation system - Future air-quality monitoring

Extreme, 5% or more

URBAN GROWTH 2000-2005

(Source: SWI Austria)

Over 75% 50 - 75% 25 - 50% 10 - 25% under 10%

- Agriculture employs 80% of workforce. Few opportunities for poor to enter formal economy. Informal market does not provide tax base

- Signicant air quality issues in relation to transportation emissions. Air quality study ndings (433 ug/m3) seven times worse than Mexico City and WHO Standard (65 ug/m3)

- Lack of public transportation system. Road infrastructure and existing paratransit system (matatus) offer signicant opportunities for efciency improvements

- Trend toward decentralization. Unclear delineation of responsibility between local, regional and national governments

mono-nucleated
In the mono-nucleated model, Ruiru is dominated by residential uses and dependent upon Nairobi for jobs and services
NAIROBI

RUIRU

- Develop and nance sewage infrastructure

Airport
0 2 4 8 12 16 MILES

Service Responsibilities of Municipal Council of Ruiru Water and Sewage

Service Rendered No No No No No Limited Limited Limited

1 2

Transportation serves primarily commuters Economic base serves residential population and does not contribute greatly to the regional economy

transportation

- Evaluation of Alternative Modes Analysis - Develop and implement a Matatu Rapid Transit System (MRT) - Classify and improve local roads - Encourage community prioritization of local roads - Develop alternative fuel production, in particular biodiesel cultivation

Future connection to airport

To analyze and make a series of select recommendations for the regional planning challenges of Ruiru in the context of the rapidly growing Nairobi metropolitan area

PERCENTAGE OF WORKFORCE EMPLOYED IN AGRICULTURE

(Source: Earth Forum, Houston Museum of Natural Science; World Resources Institute data)

Road Maintenance Establishment of Marketing Outlets Job Creation Planning and Development Control

study area
Ruiru is located 15 miles northeast of Nairobi along a major road.
KENYA RUIRU
i Th ka Rd

- Lack of relationship between all businesses and municipal council

- Inadequate sewage and waste disposal system

- Poor and inadequate road conditions

Housing Community development and participation Refuse Collection (solid waste only)

poly-nucleated
In the poly-nucleated model, Ruiru is one of many nuclei in the region and has its own
Strong community

governance

- Enhance community participation to increase accountability and transparency - Increase information dissemination, knowledgesharing and networking - Provide monitoring, evaluation and community feedback regarding municipal programs - Create Rights Accord between Council and community

approach
1 2 3

NAIROBI

Identify current situation of Ruiru in the metropolitan context Illustrate consequences of current trends Develop strategic sectoral recommendations based on an understanding of current trends, challenges, and opportunities

- Lack of municipal capacity and funding. Lack of community participation in the governance and planning process within Ruiru municipality - Infrastructure constraints hindering productivity: roads/transport, electricity, and water/sanitation - Lack of public health facilities - Lack of modal separation. High rates of trafc mortality and poor pedestrian safety

strong self-sustaining economic base

1

Transportation to support industry and to provide greater local access for residents and commercial development

Industrial and commercial base that serves as a strong contributor to the regional economy
Receptive municipal council

12

16 MILES

students
Monica Bansal, Alyssa Boyer, Candy Chang, Kay Cheng, Leticia Crispin, Reuel Daniels, Jen Graeff, Beth Helton, Lily Langlois, Ryan Walsh, Eleanne van Vliet

faculty & support

Elliott Sclar, Sumila Gulyani, Christie Marcella, Sigurd Grava, Julie Touber, Nicole Volavka, Patrick Kinney, Mike Reilly, University of Nairobi Department of Urban and Regional Planning

Nairobi metropolitan area

Nairobi city boundaries

Ruiru municipality

NAIROBI METROPOLITAN AREA