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The Impact of Parental Involvement on the Academic Performance of Grade 12

Students

Notre Dame of Bago City Inc.

HUMSS 12-B

Practical Research

Mr. Philip John Pedroso

Members:

Juliet Cristina Quilon

Jasmen Ellaine Resuelo

Mary Lyn Manghino

Marvin Corteza

Romie Olandesca

Jerry Castro

Paul Cabigo

Ronie Pagunsan

Jonathan Guilaran
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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

“Behind every young child who believes in himself is a parent who believed

first.”- Matthew Jacobson. Parents are our first teachers, our first mentors and guides,

and the first to love and care for us unconditionally. They are responsible for meeting

their child’s basic needs, such as food, shelter, clothing, and taking part in their

child’s education and overall growth. Parental involvement is the active, ongoing

participation of a parent or primary caregiver in the education of a child. For instance,

parenting involves the provision of things such as health, housing, a home

environment to support their studies, parental skills in parent-child associations, and

the provision of information to assist schools in knowing more about their children.

(Epstein Et al. 2009). Talking about school-related activities, imparting hopes and

expectations, overseeing and assisting with homework at home, interacting with

school personnel, and volunteering at the school are all examples of this. According to

Rockwell, André, and Hawley (2010). Previous research showed some encouraging

connections between the participation of parents and the progress of their children in

school. In addition, a study conducted by the Hector Research Institute of Education

Sciences and Psychology states that family background plays a crucial role in the

development of students' academic motivation and achievement. However, too much

parental direction can sometimes be counterproductive, according to the study led by

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Jelena Obradovic. Parent-child conflicts may increase, and parents and their children

may have fewer or even negative communications that involve quarrels and harsh

conversations that might lead to adverse consequences, including poor school

academic performance (Hay et al., 2016).

Globally, according to the research conducted by Kartika Yulianti, the ministry of

education has emphasized the importance of parental involvement and community

participation in children’s education. The sample comprised 2151 second to sixth

graders in 18 schools in three regions: DKI Jakarta, West Java, and East Java. The

finding shows that Indonesian parents in urban schools show higher levels of

involvement than parents in rural schools. In urban schools, highly educated parents

were more involved in volunteering, decision-making, and collaborating with the

community than low-educated parents. In conclusion, parental involvement shows a

small positive effect on students’ Indonesian language achievement (Kartika Yulianti

and Elma Denessen 2019).

Furthermore, in the Philippines, according to the research entitled “Parental

Involvement and Academic Performance of Grade 7 Students in the Philippines,”

studied by Julieth Valenzuela Leander and Fredrick Edward Fabella, this study is

focused on the parental involvement and the academic performances of Grade 7

students at Marikina High School. Relatively, it identified the relationship between

the level of parental involvement and the academic performance of the students by

getting their general weight average for the second grading period. The findings of

this study imply that parental involvement is very important to the academic

performance of students, especially those who were found to have unsatisfactory

grades.
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Parental Involvement refers to the collaboration between the parents and the school

to improve children’s education experience and academic performance. Countless

studies have found that the involvement of parents in education is vital to a child’s

success in school (Pamela Li). In Notre Dame of Bago City, the researchers observed

that most of the students have parents or guardians that help them in their academic

performance. And as a student who puts too much value on grades, we want to know

what the impact of parental involvement will be on the performance of Grade 12

students at Notre Dame of Bago City in terms of academics.

Theoretical Framework

This study was guided by the Ecological Systems Theory. Specifically, the study

was based on Ecological Systems Theory (EST), also known as human ecology, it is

an ecological/system framework developed in 1979 by Urie Bronfenbrenner

(Harkonen, 2007). Bronfenbrenner believed that a person’s development was

influenced by everything in the surrounding environment and social

interactions within it. This theory also asserts that parents significantly influence

children's academic achievement. These systems include the micro system, the

mesosystem, the exosystem, the macro system, and the chronosystem. For this study,

the researchers focused on the close circle of family (micro-system) and how it

interacts with the school circle (meso-system). By studying these linked circles, they

hoped to understand how parent involvement can actually boost grades. Microsystem

is the first level of Bronfenbrenner's theory and are the things that have direct contact

with the child in their immediate environment, such as parents, siblings, teachers, and

school peers (Santrock, S. R. 2019). On the other hand, the mesosystem comprises the

interaction of various microsystems that are in the bioecological environment where

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one lives. Research has shown that children whose parents have little involvement

with their school setting are likely to do less well, socially, behaviorally, and

educationally, than those whose parents are heavily involved (Goodall et al., 2010).

In addition, our study is also based on the theory of Vygotsky in 1978 which is the

Zone of Proximal Development. This theory refers to the difference between what a

child can do independently (actual development level) and what they can achieve with

assistance from a more skilled person (potential development level). This

"scaffolding" helps children stretch their existing skills and move towards mastery

(Vygotsky, 1978).It is also defined as the space between what a learner can do

without assistance and what a learner can do with adult guidance or in collaboration

with more capable peers. For Vygotsky, social environment is ‘an extremely

important force’ in children development (Keenan,Evans, & Crowley, 2016) as

Vygotsky believed that children ‘learn through social interaction’ (Papalia , Gross, &

Feldman, 2003). According to studies, this helps to improved language skills,

problem-solving abilities, and academic performance (Harwood et al., 2012;

Henderson & Mapp, 2002).

Conceptual Framework

The concept of this study is to determine the impact of parental involvement on

the academic performance of grade 12 students. In this study, the independent

variable is the parental involvement in terms of the profile of the respondents, while

the dependent variable is the academic performance of the respondents to determine if

the parental involvement has a positive or negative impact. Based on the findings of

this study, the researchers will come up with parents’ orientation.

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INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Profile:
Survey Questionnaire on
1. Sex What is the Impact of Parental Parent’s Orientation
2. Parent’s Educational Involvement on the academic
Attainment performance of grade 12
3. Parental time engagement students?

Statement of the Problem

This study is intended to determine whether parental involvement has positive

or negative impact on the academic performance of grade 12 students at Notre Dame

of Bago City.

Specifically, it desired to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of respondents in terms of:

a. Sex

b. Parent’s educational attainment

c. Parental time engagement

2. What is the impact of parental involvement on the academic performance of

grade12 students in Notre Dame of Bago City?

3. What is the impact of parental involvement on the academic performance of the

respondents when grouped according to their profile?

4. Is there a significant difference between parental involvement and the academic

performance of the respondents?

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5. Is there a significant difference between parental involvement and the student's

academic performance when grouped according to their profile?

6. After the findings of this study, the researchers will recommend parent’s orientation

as an alternative or a remedy to mitigate the impacts of parental involvement on the

academic performance of students.

Hypotheses

Based on the statement of the problem, the following hypothesis below were tested:

1. There is a significant difference between parental involvement and the academic

performance of grade 12 students in Notre Dame of Bago City.

2. There is a significant difference between parental involvement and the student's

academic performance when grouped according to their profile.

Significance of the Study

Understanding the factors that influence academic performance is crucial for

improving educational outcomes for all students. One key factor that has been

thoroughly explored is parental involvement. Parental involvement refers to the active

participation of parents in their children's education, both at home and at school. This

can involve activities such as helping with homework, attending school events, and

communicating regularly with teachers.

This study aims to investigate the impact of parental involvement on the

academic performance of Grade 12 students. Moreover, the results of the study will

be beneficial to the following:

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School Administrator and Staffs. This study can benefit school’s administrators and

staff by providing actionable insights that lead to more effective policies, improved

communication, and overall better outcomes for students. Additionally, administrators

can design targeted parental engagement programs based on the specific aspects of

involvement that have the greatest impact on academic success.

Teachers. Teachers can use this study to better understand the role that parental

involvement plays in their students' academic performance. They can also use it to

help them come up with ideas for improving their interactions with students' parents,

including offering guidance.

Parents. It will broaden their awareness of the possible impact of their involvement

in their child's education. And will provide parents with knowledge about the

significance of their role in the progress of their child's performance academically.

Students. It is important for students to know the impact of parental involvement on

their academic performance. And this can serve as a guide for them to seek assistance

from their parents to improve their grades further.

Future Researchers. Our study can be a helpful guide and inspiration for future

researchers. They can develop it further and delve deeper into the topic, using it as a

basis for their own research.

Scope and Delimitation

This study focuses on evaluating the extent of parental involvement in the

academic performance of students. The research will be conducted exclusively at

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Notre Dame Bago City Inc., located at Rafael Salas Drive, Brgy. Balingasag, Bago

City 6101, during the school year 2023-2024, specifically in the second semester. The

primary participants will be the grade 12 students.

The researchers will employ a modified questionnaire as the primary data

collection tool, aiming for a comprehensive examination of the impact of parental

involvement on the academic performance of these students. This study also included

the following delimitations: Firstly, it includes only Grade 12 students that are

currently enrolled at Notre Dame of Bago City who agreed to participate voluntarily

during the sampling period. Secondly, although various factors can impact academic

performance, this study exclusively considers academic performance and parental

involvement.