4/10/24

Module 3
Creative Thinking
Skills

Main Content
• Introduction to Creative Thinking
– Activity: Are you creative?
• The Creative Process
• Mental Blocks to Creative Thinking
– Activity: What are mental blocks to creative thinking?
• Creative Habits Cultivation
• Creative Thinking Techniques
– Activity: Forced Connection, SCAMPER techniques
• Foster a Creative Environment

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INTRODUCTION TO
CREATIVE THINKING

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Level of Creative Magnitude

(Kaufman & Beghetto, 2009).

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Innova4on vs. Inven4on

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The Crea4ve Process

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Wallas (1926)

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(Plsek, 1996)
h=p://www.directedcreaEvity.com/pages/WPModels.html

CREATIVITY PROCESS
ICE--DIP
• 1. Inspiration
Step
1&2 • 2. Clarification
• 3. Evaluation
Step
3&4 • 4. Distillation
• 5. Incubation
Step
5&6 • 6. Perspiration
Pe=y (2017)

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Mental Blocks to CreaEve Thinking

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Group Work:

• Discuss cases in which you encountered

with barrier to creaEvity and found ways to
overcome it.
• Would there be other barriers and be=er
ways to overcome them (rather than those
provided)?

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WHY WE ARE NOT CREATIVE?

We need it... …but we lack it

CreaEvity produces new ideas • The brain is not naturally

in: creaEve

Science • EducaEon is concerned with

Arts “right” and “wrong”
Business
Leisure
etc, etc, etc...

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How we behave How we react

Blocks to
CreaEvity

What we fear

Based on Amabile; Land;

Csikszentmihalyi

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Creative Thinking: How to Increase the Dots

to Connect
• h=ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cYhgIlTy4yY

Crea4ve Habits Cul4va4on

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Amabile (1996)

Amabile (1996)

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What can you make

out of a circle?

You will have

2 minutes to turn
as many cicles as
posible into
objects.

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CreaEve Thinking Techniques

Certain Techniques to Boost CreaEve Thinking

• Brainstorming • Reverse Brainstorming
• Brainwri_ng • Forced AssociaEon
• Concept Fan • ProvocaEon
• Mind Mapping • Random Inputs
• Analogies and Metaphors • SCAMPER technique

• De Bono’s Six Thinking Hats

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Động não
BRAINSTORMING

Brainstorming

– Allows people to be sEmulated to greater creaEvity.

– Good ideas emerge when the brainstorming effort focuses on a
specific product or market area.
– Rules of brainstorming:
• No criEcism.
• Freewheeling is encouraged.
• QuanEty of ideas is desired.
• CombinaEons and improvements of ideas are encouraged.

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Brainstorming – Pros and Cons

Brainwri4ng (động não dùng câu chữ)

– A form of wri=en brainstorming.

– ParEcipants write their ideas on special forms or cards that circulate within the
group.

6-3-5

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Brainwri4ng (động não dạng viết)

Home work: Apply Method 6-3-5 of Brainwri_ng to Create New Ideas

h=ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TR1i1PPd8ZU

Nới rộng khái niệm

CONCEPT FAN

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Concept Fan - Process

1. Place the problem in a circle.

2. Fan out with possible solutions.
3. If needed, step back for a broader view.
4. Generate solutions to the broader
problem.
5. Repeat steps 3-5.

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Concept Fan- Example Allow free

dumping at ports
Impose
Reduce Monitor
large fines
pollution
from ships
Improve sewage
treatment
Imprison
polluters Improve Ban solid discharge
WQ
Extend outfalls
Make Control Clean water
polluting pollution at local beach Filter sea water
unprofitable entering
Patrol beach litter
sea

Contain trash Eliminate it

dumped at
Reduce return
sea
Inspire public to beaches
outrage
Control ag
& industrial Monitor river WQ
From mindtools.com pollution

Mind Mapping (bản đồ tư duy)

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Mind Mapping - Process

Mind Mapping – Pros and Cons

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So sánh và Ẩn dụ
ANALOGIES AND METAPHORS

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Analogies
• A partial similarity between like features of two things on which a
comparison may be based
• A way of building connections and finding patterns of similarity
– structures
– functions
• Types of analogies: personal, direct, symbolic and fantasy

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Tư duy nghịch đảo

REVERSE BRAINSTORMING

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FORCED ASSOCIATION

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Forced AssociaEons/RelaEonship/ConnecEon
• A way of making connecEons among supposedly disparate items to see
what one can learn about each of them and what new combinaEons
may emerge
• Examples
– Animals and weapons systems

• Creator does this rouEnely—engineer the organic and make the organic
engineered

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ProvocaEon

Phương pháp kích hoạt

Groove thinking
• Zombie
• “What is” vs. “What could be”
• Crossing Barriers = Provocative
operations
• square wheels
• landing plane

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Provoca4on

ProvocaEon: an absurdity which takes you

out of your main line of thought

Examples;

Po, you close the le=er a}er you post it

Po, restaurants do not charge for food

Po, police have 6 eyes

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Provoca4on - Process
1. Set up a provocaEon

2. “Move” forward from the provocaEon

by e.g.

• ExtracEng a principle
• Focusing on the difference
• Look for the benefits

3. Arrive at an original idea

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Provoca4on - Process

1.Set up a provocaEon eg bring back the town crier – used for ad company

2.“Move” forward from the provocaEon

by e.g.

• ExtracEng a principle – what does the town crier do?

goes to thee people
changes message according to audience
can’t be switched off
• Focusing on the difference
• Look for the benefits

3.Arrive at an original idea – idea was to have adverts on pagers cos they
can’t be switched off and cd also be tailored to individuals

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Provoca4on - sources

Source Example . Result

1. Chance/accidents Po, radio waves can Concept of radar

shoot down planes

2. “Escape” from the normal Po, restaurants do Development of

i.e. cancel, negate, drop, not charge for food diners card
remove, deny, all that you
take for granted

ExaggeraEon
3. Po, police have 6 Development of
eyes neighborhood
watch
DistorEon
4. Po, you close the Concept of direct
le=er a}er you post it mail sent in private
mail

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Provoca4on – Pros and Cons

“+” Good for thinking radical new thoughts

“-” Difficult to apply uncomfortable for many

“-” Time consuming becoming familiar with the toolkit

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Random Input

Thu thập ngẫu nhiên/

Cơn bão từ vừng

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Random Input

Process Pros and Cons

Take a problem Easy to do

Apply a random input Works for a group or an

• word individual
• image
Take the first characterisEc that Produces new thinking
comes to mind
Develop soluEon Can feel uncomfortable

[NOTE Do not link the random

word to previous ideas]

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h=ps://randomwordgenerator.com

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h=ps://youtu.be/-OMJINQIZzA?si=Kjw9_LiwqJjbPAgw

SCAMPER TECHNIQUES

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Group Work:

• Using the Scamper Chart to create a

proposal of your top 5 ideas for how
textbooks could be used in different ways,
remarketed and/or combined with other
products, items, tools, processes.

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SCAMPER Template
What could replace what’s
Subs4tute there to vastly improve it?

S
Use different elements as
substitute for what currently
exists.
Could it be made part of a
Combine bigger solution?

C
Combine or bundle what exists
with other elements or
components to create something
better.
What can be modified and used
Adapt in a different way?

A
Alter or change its function.

What happens if dramatically

Modify change its size, shape, tone,

M
frequency,…?
Modify what exists in its overall
scale and scope.
What else can it be used for?
Put to Another Use Use what existing as something

P
for which it wasn’t originally
intended.

What can be remove that

Eliminate actually improves things?

E
Eliminate features or attributes in
ways that make it simpler.

How can move thing around to

Reverse add value or create

R
improvements? Want more tools and templates? Visit https://upboard.io/
Reverse the order of things or put
in different sequence.

THE 6 THINKING HATS

Parallel Thinking

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The six thinking hats - Process and ra4onale

Ra4onale
Coopera4ve exploraEon
Process
replaces adversarial thinking
MeeEng of several people
Ego factors are removed
Deliberate “pu_ng on” of
different hats i.e. different
NegaEvity is “not allowed”
a_tudes

Everyone wears each hat

simultaneously

Hats are changed during

meeEng

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Six thinking hats

White hat Red hat Black hat

AssociaEon White paper: Fire, warmth Strict judge, intolerant
neutral of wrong doers
carrier of
informaEon
Area of focus Data and Feelings, CriEcal judgement
informaEon intuiEon

QuesEons/discussion What info do we have? This is what I feel The regulaEons don’t
topic What info is missing? My gut feel is that allow
Where will we get it? I don’t like the way He doesn’t have the
How will we get it? My intuiEon tells me experience
Those prices won’t be
profitable
We won’t fill capacity

Source Edward de Bono 8

Six thinking hats con4nued...

Yellow hat Green hat Blue hat

AssociaEon Sunshine VegetaEon, Sky
OpEmism Rich growth Overview
Logical, posiEve
view
Area of focus Benefits (logically CreaEve thinking Agenda
based) New ideas Next steps
Feasibility AddiEonal alternaEves Process control

QuesEons/discussion This would work if we did X Are there alternaEves? Let’s summarize views
topic The benefit would come Could there be another Let’s look at prioriEes
from Y reason? The points to discuss
High labour costs mean a What is a creaEve are...
lower workforce soluEon

Source Edward de Bono 9

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Six thinking hats con4nued...

Yellow hat Green hat Blue hat

AssociaEon Sunshine VegetaEon, Sky
OpEmism Rich growth Overview
Logical, posiEve
view
Area of focus Benefits (logically CreaEve thinking Agenda
based) New ideas Next steps
Feasibility AddiEonal alternaEves Process control

QuesEons/discussion This would work if we did X Are there alternaEves? Let’s summarize views
topic The benefit would come Could there be another Let’s look at prioriEes
from Y reason? The points to discuss
High labour costs mean a What is a creaEve are...
lower workforce soluEon

Source Edward de Bor 9

• Sequence is not fixed, but o}en it is:

• 1 White – info
• 2 Green – ideas
• 3Yellow – benefits of ideas
• 4 Black – evaluaEon
• 5 Red – feelings
• 6 Blue - conclusions

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Six Thinking hats – Pros and Cons

“+” Takes people away from normal

a_tudes

“+” Easy to use

“-” ParEcipants o}en feel very awkward

and ill at ease iniEally

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For your reference:

• A crash course in creativity: Tina Seelig at
TEDxStanford
h=ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyM6rx69iqg
• What creativity is trying to tell you: Jonathan Tilley at
TEDxStuttgart
• h=ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eMOqIJ9V_K4

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Foster
CreaEve Environment

The system
model of
CreaEvity

Csikszentmihalyi (1999, p. 315).

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The System Model of CreaEvity

Pucio et al (2007).

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