Topic :- IOT BASED SMART WATER METER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Prof.Divya Nadurkar1,Swarup Gaykwad2,Prathmesh Doye3,Pratham Wakde4,Payal Paunikar5

Professor1 , Student2 , Student3 , Student4 , Student5
Department Of Artificial Intelligence
Priyadarshini J. L. College of Engineering , Nagpur, India
Abstract

In present world all of us are facing global warming crisis of water. Main causes for these issues are
growing population, improper management of water utilization. This problem is quietly related to poor
allocation, inefficient use and lack of adequate water management system. Therefore, the efficient use
of and monitoring the same is essential for home, office etc. In this paper, an android application is
developed that would monitor the level of water in the cistern or any storage tank and automatically
turns the motor on/off based on user requirement.This project can be implemented in any storage
medium like well, cistern, etc.The purity of the water is measured using various sensors.Major
advantage for system is that it detects any obstacles/solid particle present inside the storage tank. The
obstacle or any object if found on the surface of water or even in sink, the image of the obstacle gets
captured by the pi camera and image of the object will be sent to android application.By seeing these
images user can take action. An alert message about water level as well as quality of water is sent to
user. Thus, the system will be maintained systematically and the quality of the water gets notified.
KEYWORDS – IoT (Internet of Things), Android Application, Image Processing.

Introduction

Internet of Things is a network of computing devices which are able to collect and exchange the data.
Sustainability of available water resource problem is related to poor water allocation, inefficient use,
and lack of water management is a dominant issue. Water is used for agriculture, industry, and
domestic consumption. Therefore, efficient use and water monitoring are potential constraint for home
or office. Measuring water level is an essential task for government and residency. It is possible to
track the implementation and usage of such initiatives with integration of various controlling activities.
Therefore, water controlling system implementation makes potential significance in home applications.
The main objective is to overcome water supply related problems and make system efficient. And there
is need of proper monitoring and controlling system. In this project, we are focusing on continuous and
real time monitoring of water supply in IOT platform. Water supply with continuous monitoring makes
a proper distribution so that, we can have a record of available amount of water in tanks, flow rate,
abnormality in distribution line. Monitoring can be done from anywhere.

Objective

The primary objective of an IoT-based smart water management system is to implement a comprehensive
approach to control water quality and organize the efficient use of water resources. By integrating IoT
(Internet of Things), AI (Artificial Intelligence), and big data technologies, these systems aim to gather and
process real-time data to manage water distribution effectively .
Here are some key objectives of Iot-based smart water management systems:

 Monitoring Water Quality: To ensure the water is safe for consumption and meets health standards.
 Efficient Water Distribution: To manage the supply of water in various sectors such as agriculture, urban
infrastructure, and manufacturing.
 Leakage Detection: To identify and address leaks promptly, reducing water waste.
 Predictive Maintenance: To foresee potential issues in the water infrastructure and perform maintenance
before problems occur.
 Resource Conservation: To promote sustainable use of water by preventing overuse and ensuring adequate
supply for future needs.

These systems utilize a network of sensors and microcontrollers to measure various parameters, such as flow
rate, pressure, and water quality, providing valuable insights for decision-making and operational efficiency.
Advantages

An IoT-based smart water management system offers a multitude of advantages that can significantly
enhance the efficiency and sustainability of water usage. Here are some key benefits, presented point-
wise:

1. Real-Time Water Consumption Analysis: Utilizes sensors to collect data on water usage, enabling
detailed consumption pattern analysis and promoting rational use of resources.

2. Reduced Equipment Maintenance Expenses: IoT devices attached to water system components allow
for continuous monitoring, which can lower maintenance costs through timely automation and
intervention.

3. Transparency and Better Communication Among Stakeholders: Facilitates open communication

channels among all parties involved, from consumers to service providers, ensuring everyone is
informed and engaged.

4. Remote Monitoring: Offers the capability to monitor water systems from a distance, providing
convenience and immediate access to data.

5. Automation and Optimized Human Resources Use: Automates routine tasks and optimizes the
deployment of human resources, leading to increased operational efficiency 1.

6. Reduced Risks: Mitigates risks associated with water management, such as leaks or quality issues,
through early detection and prompt response.

Literature Survey

Water scarcity and the need for efficient water resource management have prompted significant
advancements in technology and monitoring systems. This literature review explores key trends and
developments in the field of water management, particularly focusing on the roles of wireless sensor
networks and the Internet of Things (IoT) in monitoring water quality and distribution. The selected
references from 2014 to 2018 offer insights into these evolving technologies and their potential to
address pressing global water challenges.

[1] “G Huber-Davidson, E Idris,dz Smart Water MeteringDz “Perumal and Sulaiman's work” delves
into water trends and the role of organizations like the Global WaterFund in(2006)addressing global
water issues. It serves as a foundation for understanding the broader context of water management and
the importance of innovative technologies in water resource conservation.

[2] “Low Cost Wireless Sensor Network for Water Quality Monitoring (Sarah Darby, dzSmart
metering 2010)” Menon and his team present an innovative approach to water quality monitoring using
low-cost wireless sensor networks. Their building research information the potential for cost-effective
solutions to monitor and maintain water quality in natural water bodies.

[3] “Advanced Smart Sensor Interface in IoT for Water Quality Monitoring (G.Menon, M. Ramesh,
Divya P. IoT based Water Quality Monitoring System 21st February 2016)” Salunke and Kate explore
the integration of advanced sensors and IoT technology in water quality monitoring. Their work
highlights the real-time data collection capabilities of these systems, which are crucial for ensuring safe
and high-quality water distribution.

[6] “An IoT-based Sustainable Water Management (S. Narendran, P. Pradeep, M. V. Ramesh, 2017)”
The reference by Narendran and colleagues emphasizes an IoT-based approach to sustainable water
management. It underlines the holistic solutions that IoT offers to optimize water distribution and
ensure the sustainability of water resources.
[7] “ IoT-based Smart Water Tank with Android Application (P. Shah, A. Patil, S. Ingleshwar, 2017)”
Shah, Patil, and Ingleshwar's research focuses on real-time monitoring of water storage through
IoTbased smart water tanks. This innovation can significantly enhance the efficiency and convenience
of managing water resources.
[8] “Water Management Using IoT (S. Wadekar, V. Vakare, R. Prajapati, S. Yadav, V. Yadav, 2016)”
The study by Wadekar and his team explores water management on a broader scale using IoT
technology. Their research highlights the potential for IoT to contribute to improved water distribution
and conservation efforts.

[9] “IoT-based Water Quality Monitoring System (Jaytibhatt, Jignesh patoliya, 2016)” Jaytibhatt and
Jignesh patoliya's research introduces an IoT-based system for monitoring water quality. Maintaining
water quality is essential for public health, and IoT technology plays a vital role in ensuring the safety
and quality of water.

[10] “Automated Water Distribution and Performance Monitoring System (E. Vinothini, N. Suganya,
K. B. Zende, V. Kokare, S. Pise, P. S. Togrikar, 2014)” The reference by Vinothini, Suganya, and their
team explores an automated system for water distribution and performance monitoring. Automation,
combined with IoT technology, enhances efficiency in water distribution and system performance
assessment.

Methodology

In this paper we proposed the solution for water utilization using water flow sensor and interface with
Node MCU microcontroller which embedded with Arduino code. Arduino software is used for Arduino
coding to find flow rate of water, display the output in serial monitor and send the sensed data to the
cloud which can be monitored by customers.

1. Problem Identification: Recognize the need for smart water management in areas with limited
water supply or where water is stored in large tanks.

2. System Design: Outline the architecture of the IoT system, including sensors for monitoring
water usage, quality, and levels in storage tanks.
3. Data Collection: Implement sensors to collect data on water flow, quality, and tank levels. This
data is transmitted to a central cloud-based system for analysis.

4. Data Transmission: Use a GSM module or other wireless communication technologies to send
the collected data from the sensors to the cloud.

5. Data Analysis: Analyze the data in the cloud to monitor water usage patterns, detect leaks, and
assess water quality.

6. Leak Detection: Incorporate an inspection mode in the system to identify leaks and measure the
resulting height differences in the water tank.

Problem Defination

The problem definition for an IoT-based smart water management system can be outlined as follows:

1. Water Scarcity: Addressing the critical issue of water scarcity in various regions, necessitating
efficient management of available water resources.

2. Inefficient Water Usage: Tackling the prevalent inefficiencies in water usage within communities,
industries, and agricultural sectors.

3. Water Quality Concerns: Ensuring the monitoring and maintenance of water quality to prevent
contamination and health hazards.
4. Lack of Real-Time Data: Overcoming the absence of real-time data collection and analysis for
informed decision-making regarding water distribution and conservation.

5. Inadequate Leak Detection: Developing methods for early detection of leaks and system breaches
to prevent water loss.

6. Resource Management: Optimizing the allocation and utilization of water resources to balance
demand with supply effectively.

7. Environmental Impact: Minimizing the environmental impact of water management practices

through sustainable technologies.

8. Cost-Effectiveness: Creating a cost-effective solution that can be implemented and maintained with
minimal financial burden.

9. User Engagement: Engaging users and stakeholders in the water management process through
transparent and accessible information.

10. Scalability: Designing a system that is scalable and adaptable to different environments and user
requirements.

Block Diagram

Implementation

Water flow meter (Recommended FS400)

Water flow meters are used to measure the volume of water used in commercial and residential
buildings. The water is supplied to homes and offices via a public water supply system. Water
meters may also be used at water sources or throughout the water system to calculate the flow rate
of a part of the system. Water flow meters may also measure the flow rate of slurries or fluids in
closed pipes. The flow rate of water is measured in cubic meters (m3) or liters on an electronic
or mechanical register.
Arduino pro mini(5V and 16 MHz)

This is Pro Mini 5V/16MHz is a 5V running the 16MHz boot-loader. Pro Mini ATMEGA328P come
without connectors.
It’s a great board that will get you up and running quickly. The Pro series is meant for users that
understand the limitations of system voltage (5V), lack of connectors, and USB off board. It has 14
digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, an on-board
resonator, a reset button, and holes for mounting pin headers. A six pin header can be connected to an
FTDI cable or Sparkfun breakout board to provide USB power and communication to the board.
Bluetooth HC 05

HC-05 Bluetooth Module is an easy to use Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol) module, designed for
transparent wireless serial connection setup. Its communication is via serial communication which
makes an easy way to interface with controller or PC.

OLED SSD 1306

The SSD1306 is a single-chip monochrome OLED graphic display. Its screen is 128 pixels wide and
64 pixels deep (128x64). Since it's a monochrome screen, all these individual pixels are white. As you
may be able to surmise, the SSD1306's display is tiny. It's just under 3 centimeters if you measure it
diagonally.

App Making

Open MIT App Inventor, make a layout and add the components
Main Components we added in the layout are:

• 1 Buttons one for DB.

• 5 Text view for Bluetooth connection status, Water flow rate of inlet, Total volume of
water consumed, the flow rate of wastewater and total volume of water waste.
• Tiny web DB
• List picker for Bluetooth
• Bluetooth client
• Timer clock

Connect the water sensor pipe to the tap or water inlet of your water tank. By doing so, you can see
the total volume of water and water flow rate on OLED display. Now, open Android app and press the
Bluetooth icon where you will see a list of Bluetooth devices available. Pair with Bluetooth HC 05.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the implementation of an IoT-based smart water management system represents a

significant advancement in the efficient monitoring and distribution of water resources. Such systems
leverage the power of the Internet of Things to automate the process of water quality monitoring and
supply management, leading to enhanced decision-making capabilities. The integration of sensors and
data analytics allows for real-time tracking and predictive maintenance, which can significantly reduce
waste and ensure optimal usage of water. This technology is particularly beneficial in urban settings
where water management is crucial for sustainability and conservation efforts. The project’s success
demonstrates the potential of IoT in transforming traditional water systems into intelligent networks
that can adapt to changing demands and environmental conditions, paving the way for smarter cities
and communities.

Future Scope:

IoT-based smart water management systems use sensors, controllers, meters, and other devices to
create a platform for water supply management. These systems can help with:

1. Real-time water level monitoring: Can help reduce water wastage due to overflow from tanks
2. Water leak detection: Can help detect water leaks in a smart home by analyzing water levels
during different hours of the day
3. Predictive maintenance: Can help prevent breakdowns by predictive maintenance of water
infrastructure
4. Water consumption predictions: Can help companies predict water consumption levels in the
future, which can help them make more informed decisions on regulating water usage
5. Water quality monitoring: Can help with monitoring environmental conditions, drinking water
quality, and treatment and disinfection of waste water
6. Pollution detection: Can help with freshwater quality checking and pollution detection.

Acknowledgments:

The success of any undertaking is dependent on the collaborative efforts of numerous individuals. We
would like to take this moment to convey our sincere appreciation to those who have offered their
support and guidance during the course of this project. We express our genuine and profound thanks to
our mentor, Prof.Divya Nadurkar , for her invaluable and unmatched guidance. Furthermore, we wish
to express our gratitude to Prof.Bharat Dhak (HOD) for providing us with this opportunity. We also
extend our appreciation to all the faculty members of the CSE & AI department who have directly or
indirectly contributed their kind cooperation to assist us.

References:

[1] G Hauber-Davidson, E Idris,dz Smart Water MeteringDz, Published at journal of Water, 2006.
UGC CARE Listed ( Group -I) Journal Volume 11, Iss 5, May 2022 ISSN PRINT 2319 1775 Online
2320 7876.
[2] Sarah Darby, dzSmart metering: what potential for householder engagement? DzPublished at
BUILDING RESEARCH & INFORMATION,UK,2010 Building Research & Information ISSN
0961-3218 print ⁄ISSN 1466-4321.
[3] T. Perumal, M. Sulaiman "Water Trends| Global WaterFund",Globalwaterfund.com,
2018.[Online].Available:http://www.globalwaterfund.com/water-trends/.[Accessed: 04- Feb2018] e-
ISSN: 2395-0056 p-ISSN: 2395-007.
[4] G.Menon, M. Ramesh, Divya P. “Low Cost Wireless Sensor Network for Water Quality
Monitoring in Natural Water Bodies”. Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC),
IEEE, 2017 e-ISSN: 796–808.
[5] P.Salunke, J.Kate.” Advanced Smart Sensor Interface in Internet of Things for Water Quality
Monitoring”. International Conference on Data Management, Analytics and Innovation (ICDMAI),
2017. INSPEC Accession Number: 17263422.
2018.
[6] S.Narendran, P.Pradeep, M. V. Ramesh. ”An Internet of Things (IoT) based Sustainable Water
Management”. Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC),IEEE, 2017. IEEE
17434816.
[7] P.Shah, A.Patil, S. Ingleshwar. “IoT based Smart Water Tank with Android application”.
International conference on I- SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud), 2017 e-ISSN
17224910.
[8] S.Wadekar, V. Vakare, R. Prajapati, S. Yadav, V.Yadav. “Water Management Using IoT”. 5th
International Conference on Wireless Networks and Embedded Systems (WECON), 2016
INSPEC 17061458.
[9] Jaytibhatt, jigneshpatoliya, IoT based Water Quality Monitoring System,, Proceedings of 49th IRF
International Conference, 21st February 2016, Pune, India, ISBN: 978-93-85973-46-8.