Biology P2

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GCSE

COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY


8464/B/2F
Biology Paper 2F
Mark scheme
June 2022
Version: 1.0 Final Mark Scheme

*226g8464b2f/MS*
MARK SCHEME – GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY – 8464/B/2F – JUNE 2022

Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant
questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the
standardisation events which all associates participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in
this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the students’
responses to questions and that every associate understands and applies it in the same correct way.
As preparation for standardisation each associate analyses a number of students’ scripts. Alternative
answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the
standardisation process, associates encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are
required to refer these to the Lead Examiner.

It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and
expanded on the basis of students’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark
schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of
assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination
paper.

Further copies of this mark scheme are available from aqa.org.uk

Copyright information

AQA retains the copyright on all its publications. However, registered schools/colleges for AQA are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own
internal use, with the following important exception: AQA cannot give permission to schools/colleges to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third
party even for internal use within the centre.

Copyright © 2022 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.

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MARK SCHEME – GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY – 8464/B/2F – JUNE 2022

Information to Examiners

1. General
The mark scheme for each question shows:
• the marks available for each part of the question
• the total marks available for the question
• the typical answer or answers which are expected
• extra information to help the examiner make their judgement
• the Assessment Objectives and specification content that each question is intended to cover.

The extra information is aligned to the appropriate answer in the left-hand part of the mark scheme and
should only be applied to that item in the mark scheme.

At the beginning of a part of a question a reminder may be given, for example: where consequential
marking needs to be considered in a calculation; or the answer may be on the diagram or at a different
place on the script.

In general the right-hand side of the mark scheme is there to provide those extra details which confuse
the main part of the mark scheme yet may be helpful in ensuring that marking is straightforward and
consistent (for example, a scientifically correct answer that could not reasonably be expected from a
student’s knowledge of the specification).

2. Emboldening and underlining


2.1 In a list of acceptable answers where more than one mark is available ‘any two from’ is used, with
the number of marks emboldened. Each of the following bullet points is a potential mark.

2.2 A bold and is used to indicate that both parts of the answer are required to award the mark.

2.3 Alternative answers acceptable for a mark are indicated by the use of or.
Alternative words in the mark scheme are shown by a solidus eg allow smooth / free movement.

2.4 Any wording that is underlined is essential for the marking point to be awarded.

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MARK SCHEME – GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY – 8464/B/2F – JUNE 2022

3. Marking points
3.1 Marking of lists

This applies to questions requiring a set number of responses, but for which students have
provided extra responses. The general principle to be followed in such a situation is that
‘right + wrong = wrong’.

Each error / contradiction negates each correct response. So, if the number of errors /
contradictions equals or exceeds the number of marks available for the question, no marks can be
awarded.

However, responses considered to be neutral (indicated as * in example 1) are not penalised.

Example 1: What is the pH of an acidic solution?


[1 mark]

Student Response Marks


awarded
1 green, 5 0
2 red*, 5 1
3 red*, 8 0

Example 2: Name two magnetic materials.


[2 marks]

Student Response Marks awarded


1 iron, steel, tin 1
2 cobalt, nickel, nail* 2

3.2 Use of symbols / formulae

If a student writes a chemical symbol / formula instead of a required chemical name, or uses
symbols to denote quantities in a physics equation, full credit can be given if the symbol / formula
is correct and if, in the context of the question, such action is appropriate.

3.3 Marking procedure for calculations

Marks should be awarded for each stage of the calculation completed correctly, as students are
instructed to show their working. At any point in a calculation students may omit steps from their
working. If a subsequent step is given correctly, the relevant marks may be awarded.

Full marks are not awarded for a correct final answer from incorrect working.

3.4 Interpretation of ‘it’

Answers using the word ‘it’ should be given credit only if it is clear that the ‘it’ refers to the correct
subject.

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MARK SCHEME – GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY – 8464/B/2F – JUNE 2022

3.5 Errors carried forward

An error can be carried forward from one question part to the next and is shown by the
abbreviation ‘ecf’.

Within an individual question part, an incorrect value in one step of a calculation does not prevent
all of the subsequent marks being awarded.

3.6 Phonetic spelling

Marks should be awarded if spelling is not correct but the intention is clear, unless there is a
possible confusion with another technical term.

3.7 Brackets

(…..) are used to indicate information which is not essential for the mark to be awarded but is
included to help the examiner identify the sense of the answer required.

3.8 Allow

In the mark scheme additional information, ‘allow’ is used to indicate creditworthy


alternative answers.

3.9 Ignore

Ignore is used when the information given is irrelevant to the question or not enough to gain the
marking point. Any further correct amplification could gain the marking point.

3.10 Do not accept

Do not accept means that this is a wrong answer which, even if the correct answer is given as
well, will still mean that the mark is not awarded.

3.11 Numbered answer lines

Numbered lines on the question paper are intended to support the student to give the correct
number of responses. The answer should still be marked as a whole.

4. Level of response marking instructions


Extended response questions are marked on level of response mark schemes.
• Level of response mark schemes are broken down into levels, each of which has a descriptor.
• The descriptor for the level shows the average performance for the level.
• There are two marks in each level.

Before you apply the mark scheme to a student’s answer, read through the answer and, if
necessary, annotate it (as instructed) to show the qualities that are being looked for. You can then
apply the mark scheme.

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MARK SCHEME – GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY – 8464/B/2F – JUNE 2022

Step 1: Determine a level

Start at the lowest level of the mark scheme and use it as a ladder to see whether the answer meets
the descriptor for that level.

The descriptor for the level indicates the different qualities that might be seen in the student’s
answer for that level. If it meets the lowest level then go to the next one and decide if it meets this
level, and so on, until you have a match between the level descriptor and the answer. With practice
and familiarity you will find that for better answers you will be able to quickly skip through the lower
levels of the mark scheme.

When assigning a level you should look at the overall quality of the answer. Do not look to penalise
small and specific parts of the answer where the student has not performed quite as well as the rest.
If the answer covers different aspects of different levels of the mark scheme you should use a best
fit approach for defining the level.

Use the variability of the response to help decide the mark within the level, ie if the response is
predominantly level 2 with a small amount of level 3 material it would be placed in level 2 but be
awarded a mark near the top of the level because of the level 3 content.

Step 2: Determine a mark

Once you have assigned a level you need to decide on the mark. The descriptors on how to
allocate marks can help with this. The exemplar materials used during standardisation will help.
There will be an answer in the standardising materials which will correspond with each level of the
mark scheme. This answer will have been awarded a mark by the Lead Examiner. You can
compare the student’s answer with the example to determine if it is the same standard, better or
worse than the example. You can then use this to allocate a mark for the answer based on the Lead
Examiner’s mark on the example.

You may well need to read back through the answer as you apply the mark scheme to clarify points
and assure yourself that the level and the mark are appropriate.

Indicative content in the mark scheme is provided as a guide for examiners. It is not intended to be
exhaustive and you must credit other valid points. Students do not have to cover all of the points
mentioned in the indicative content to reach the highest level of the mark scheme.

You should ignore any irrelevant points made. However, full marks can be awarded only if there are
no incorrect statements that contradict a correct response.

An answer which contains nothing of relevance to the question must be awarded no marks.

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MARK SCHEME – GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY – 8464/B/2F – JUNE 2022

Question 1

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

01.1 larger yields 1 AO1


4.6.2.4

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

01.2 GM crops will harm wildlife 1 AO1


4.6.2.4

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

01.3 gene(s) allow allele(s) 1 AO1


4.6.1.3
4.6.1.4

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

01.4 protein 1 AO1


4.6.1.3

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

01.5 an allele that is only expressed if 1 AO1


two copies are present 4.6.1.4

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MARK SCHEME – GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY – 8464/B/2F – JUNE 2022

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

01.6 heterozygous 1 AO2


4.6.1.4

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

01.7 offspring genotypes correctly allow 1 mark for 1 or 2 correct 2 AO2


mark with derived genotypes 4.6.1.4
1.8
hh circled 1

Woman

H h

H HH Hh
Man
h Hh hh

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

01.8 25% probability must match 1 AO3


mark with derivations (hh) in question 01.7 4.6.1.4
01.7

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MARK SCHEME – GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY – 8464/B/2F – JUNE 2022

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

ignore cost
01.9 any one from: 1 AO3
• it might harm the embryo / ignore harmful / dangerous 4.6.1.4
baby / mother unqualified 4.6.1.5
• it might cause a miscarriage
• they do not want to make a
choice about having an
abortion
• it is against their religious allow against their religion
beliefs

Total Question 1 11

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MARK SCHEME – GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY – 8464/B/2F – JUNE 2022

Question 2

AO /
Question Answers Mark
Spec. Ref.

02.1 Level 2: The method would lead to the production of a valid 3–4 AO1
outcome. All key steps are identified and logically sequenced. 4.7.2.1
RPA 7
Level 1: The method would not lead to a valid outcome. Some 1–2
relevant steps are identified, but links are not made clear.

No relevant content 0

Indicative content

• place quadrat randomly / systematically


• description of how randomness is achieved
or
description of how systematic placement is achieved

• count number of buttercups in quadrat


• record number

• repeat quadrat (in another location in the same wet soil area)
• (repeat) at least 5 times

• calculate a mean number of buttercups per quadrat


• the area of the wet soil area is 100 m2
• estimate the buttercup population using the area of the quadrat

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

02.2 an abiotic factor 1 AO2


4.7.1.2
RPA7

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MARK SCHEME – GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY – 8464/B/2F – JUNE 2022

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

ignore rain / water / weather


02.3 any two from: 2 AO2
• light (intensity) allow shade 4.7.1.2
ignore sun 4.7.1.3
• temperature RPA7
• competition allow other plants growing there
• herbivores / grazing allow pests or named pest

• pollinators allow insects or named


pollinator
• trampling / mowing
• wind (direction / strength)
• soil pH or soil type
• ions / minerals / nutrients in allow named mineral
the soil
• pathogens allow infection
ignore disease unqualified
• herbicides allow pesticides

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

02.4 (the) dependent 1 AO2


4.7.1.2
RPA7

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MARK SCHEME – GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY – 8464/B/2F – JUNE 2022

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

02.5 0.25 (m2) 1 AO2


mark with 4.7.1.2
02.6 RPA7

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

02.6 allow ecf from question 02.5 AO2


mark with 4.7.1.2
02.5 8 ÷ 0.25 allow 8 × 4 1 RPA7

32 (buttercups per m2) 1

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

02.7 any two from: 2 AO3


• repeat 4.7.1.2
• same volume of water allow same amount of water RPA7
• same mass / volume of soil allow same amount of soil
• more acidity / pH levels
• same number of bean seeds
• same spacing / depth of
seeds
• same species / variety / type
of bean seeds
• same size boxes
• same light (intensity) if neither marking point
• same temperature awarded, allow put them in
the same place eg
greenhouse

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MARK SCHEME – GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY – 8464/B/2F – JUNE 2022

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

02.8 11+12+11+17+19 1 AO2


5 4.7.1.2
RPA7
or

70
5

14 (cm) 1

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

02.9 bean plants grow less well allow converse 1 AO3


(in acid soil) 4.7.1.2
or RPA7
bean plants are shorter (in acid
soil)

Total Question 2 16

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MARK SCHEME – GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY – 8464/B/2F – JUNE 2022

Question 3

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

03.1 knowledge of how DNA controls 1 AO1


inheritance 4.6.3.1

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

03.2 there was no oxygen in the 1 AO2


amber 4.6.3.1
4.6.3.2

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

03.3 silverfish ignore A 1 AO3


4.6.3.2

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

03.4 C 1 AO2
4.6.3.2

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

03.5 dragonflies ignore A / B 1 AO3


4.6.3.2

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MARK SCHEME – GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY – 8464/B/2F – JUNE 2022

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

03.6 all correct for 3 marks 3 AO2


allow 2 marks for 2 or 3 correct 4.6.4
allow 1 mark for 1 correct

animalia allow animals

insecta allow insects

Musca
domestica

ignore italics and upper / lower


case letters

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

03.7 eukaryota 1 AO2


4.6.4

Total Question 3 9

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MARK SCHEME – GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY – 8464/B/2F – JUNE 2022

Question 4

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

04.1 D 1 AO1
4.5.3.1

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

04.2 B 1 AO1
4.5.3.1

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

04.3 (in / through / via) blood(stream) allow (in / through / via) plasma 1 AO1
allow (in / through / via) blood 4.5.3.1
vessels
allow (in / through / via) arteries
/ veins / capillaries

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

04.4 insulin 1 AO1


4.5.3.2

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

04.5 glucose is converted to 1 AO1


glycogen 4.5.3.2

glucose moves from the blood 1


into the cells

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MARK SCHEME – GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY – 8464/B/2F – JUNE 2022

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

04.6 8:30 (am) allow 8:15 – 8:35 (am) 1 AO3


allow time written in words 4.5.3.2

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

04.7 any value in the 1 AO3


range ≥ 6.5 to ≤ 20 (mmol/dm3) 4.5.3.2

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

04.8 any two from: 2 AO2


4.5.3.2
• low carbohydrate diet allow low calorie / fat / sugar diet
allow eat fewer (sugary) snacks

• exercise (regime) allow description of exercise


• lose body mass allow lose weight

allow (metformin) tablets to


reduce blood glucose

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MARK SCHEME – GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY – 8464/B/2F – JUNE 2022

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

04.9 (less) respiration 1 AO1


4.5.3.2

(so) less energy released / do not accept energy produced 1 AO2


transferred / made / created 4.4.2.1
or
less muscle contraction

Total Question 4 12

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MARK SCHEME – GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY – 8464/B/2F – JUNE 2022

Question 5

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

05.1 aerobic respiration 1 AO1


4.4.2.1
4.8

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

05.2 1. evaporation allow evaporate(s) / evaporating 1 AO1


4.7.2.2
2. condensation allow condense(s) / condensing 1

3. precipitation allow rain(ing) / rainfall 1


allow named precipitation
ignore precipitates

4. draining / drainage allow run-off / percolation / 1


infiltration
allow groundwater /
underground flow

5. transpiration 1

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

05.3 AO2
4.5 4.7.2.2
6 000 000 000 × allow 6 000 000 000 × 0.045 1
100

270 000 000 1

2.7 ×108 allow an incorrectly calculated 1


number of people given in
correct standard form

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MARK SCHEME – GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY – 8464/B/2F – JUNE 2022

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

05.4 climate change has increased 1 AO3


the area of deserts 4.7.2.2

more water is used to grow 1


crops

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

05.5 decay / decomposition of leaves allow leaves are broken down 1 AO2

respiration (by microorganisms / ignore aerobic / anaerobic 1 AO1


decomposers) ignore respiration by worms /
detritivores / insects / leaves

respiration releases carbon 1 AO1


dioxide
or
microorganisms release carbon
dioxide

carbon dioxide is used in do not accept carbon dioxide 1 AO1


photosynthesis (for new plant absorbed in the roots
growth) 4.7.2.2
4.4.1.1

AO /
Question Answers Extra information Mark
Spec. Ref.

05.6 nitrates are released into the soil 1 AO2


4.7.2.2
4.4.1.3

Total Question 5 16

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MARK SCHEME – GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY – 8464/B/2F – JUNE 2022

Question 6

AO /
Question Answers Mark
Spec. Ref.

06 Level 3: Relevant points (reasons/causes) are identified, given in 5–6 AO3


detail and logically linked to form a clear account.

Level 2: Relevant points (reasons/causes) are identified, and there 3–4 AO3
are attempts at logical linking. The resulting account is not fully AO1
clear.

Level 1: Points are identified and stated simply, but their relevance 1–2 AO1
is not clear and there is no attempt at logical linking.

No relevant content 0

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MARK SCHEME – GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY – 8464/B/2F – JUNE 2022

06 Indicative content 4.7.3.2


cont. Increase in world population 4.7.2.1
• sewage (released into rivers / lakes / seas)
o causes algae to grow
o algae block light
o causing plants to die and decompose
o leading to lack of oxygen in the water
o (sewage) could contain pathogens
Need to produce more food for world’s population
• fertilisers (used on farms to increase crop yield, leach into rivers
/ lakes / seas)
o causes algae to grow
o leading to lack of oxygen in the water
• herbicides / pesticides (used on farms to increase crop yield,
run into rivers / lakes / seas)
o build-up in food chains
Increasing demand for products / energy
• toxic chemicals or named toxic chemicals (run into rivers / lakes
/ seas)
o from factories / industry or power stations
o build-up in food chains
o chemicals may cause mutations or chemicals may act
as hormones
o radiation leaks from nuclear (power stations)
o (oil) spills from extraction / rigs / tankers in oceans
o acid rain formation
o acidification of lakes
o increased carbon dioxide emissions causes acidification
of oceans
Buildup of waste products
• litter / plastics (thrown in rivers / lakes / seas)
o example of effect on living organisms, such as plastics
consumed or plastics build up in stomach or plastics get
stuck around beaks
o (most) plastics are not biodegradable
o build-up of microplastics in water animals
Consequence of the above is that organisms living in rivers / lakes /
seas are harmed / die

For Level 3 students need to consider different types of pollution

Total Question 6 6

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