Stats 1 Ch5 Probability

Q1.
The Venn diagram shows three events, A, B and C, and their associated probabilities.

Events B and C are mutually exclusive.

Events A and C are independent.
Showing your working, find the value of x, the value of y and the value of z.
(Total for question = 5 marks)

Q2.
The Venn diagram shows the probabilities for students at a college taking part in various sports.
A represents the event that a student takes part in Athletics.
T represents the event that a student takes part in Tennis.
C represents the event that a student takes part in Cricket.
p and q are probabilities.

The probability that a student selected at random takes part in Athletics or Tennis is 0.75
(a) Find the value of p.
(1)
(b) State, giving a reason, whether or not the events A and T are statistically independent. Show your
working clearly.
(3)
(c) Find the probability that a student selected at random does not take part in Athletics or Cricket.
 (1)
(Total for question = 5 marks)
Q3.
The Venn diagram shows three events A, B and C, where p, q, r, s and t are probabilities.

P(A) = 0.5, P(B) = 0.6 and P(C) = 0.25 and the events B and C are independent.
(a) Find the value of p and the value of q.
(2)
(b) Find the value of r.
(2)
(c) Hence write down the value of s and the value of t.
(2)
(d) State, giving a reason, whether or not the events A and B are independent.
(2)

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q4.
The Venn diagram shows the probabilities of customer bookings at Harry's hotel.
R is the event that a customer books a room
B is the event that a customer books breakfast
D is the event that a customer books dinner
u and t are probabilities.

(a) Write down the probability that a customer books breakfast but does not book a room.
(1)
Given that the events B and D are independent
(b) find the value of t
(4)
(c) hence find the value of u
(2)
(Total for question = 7 marks)

Q5.
In a factory, three machines, J, K and L, are used to make biscuits.
Machine J makes 25% of the biscuits.
Machine K makes 45% of the biscuits.
The rest of the biscuits are made by machine L.
It is known that 2% of the biscuits made by machine J are broken, 3% of the biscuits made by machine K
are broken and 5% of the biscuits made by machine L are broken.
(a) Draw a tree diagram to illustrate all the possible outcomes and associated probabilities.
(2)
A biscuit is selected at random.
(b) Calculate the probability that the biscuit is made by machine J and is not broken.
(2)
(c) Calculate the probability that the biscuit is broken.
(2)
(Total 9 marks)
Q6.
A college has 80 students in Year 12.
20 students study Biology
28 students study Chemistry
30 students study Physics
7 students study both Biology and Chemistry
11 students study both Chemistry and Physics
5 students study both Physics and Biology
3 students study all 3 of these subjects
(a) Draw a Venn diagram to represent this information.
(5)
A Year 12 student at the college is selected at random.
(b) Find the probability that the student studies Chemistry but not Biology or Physics.
(1)
(c) Find the probability that the student studies Chemistry or Physics or both.
(2)
Given that the student studies Chemistry or Physics or both,
(d) find the probability that the student does not study Biology.
(2)
(e) Determine whether studying Biology and studying Chemistry are statistically
independent.
(3)

(Total for question = 13 marks)

Q7.

Figure 1

Figure 1 shows how 25 people travelled to work.

Their travel to work is represented by the events
B bicycle
T train
W walk

(a) Write down 2 of these events that are mutually exclusive. Give a reason for your answer.
(2)
(b) Determine whether or not B and T are independent events.
(3)

One person is chosen at random.

Find the probability that this person

(c) walks to work,

(1)
(d) travels to work by bicycle and train.
(1)
(e) Given that this person travels to work by bicycle, find the probability that they will also take the train.
(2)

(Total 9 marks)
Q8.

(a) State in words the relationship between two events R and S when P(R S) = 0
(1)

The events A and B are independent with P(A) = and P(A∪B) =

Find
(b) P(B)
(4)
(c) P(A ' B)
(2)

(Total 7 marks)

Q9.

The following shows the results of a survey on the types of exercise taken by a group of 100 people.
65 run
48 swim
60 cycle
40 run and swim
30 swim and cycle
35 run and cycle
25 do all three
(a) Draw a Venn Diagram to represent these data.
(4)
Find the probability that a randomly selected person from the survey
(b) takes none of these types of exercise,
(2)
(c) swims but does not run,
(2)
(d) takes at least two of these types of exercise.
(2)
Jason is one of the above group.
Given that Jason runs,
(e) find the probability that he swims but does not cycle.
(3)

(Total 13 marks)
Q10.

The bag P contains 6 balls of which 3 are red and 3 are yellow. The bag Q contains 7 balls of which 4 are
red and 3 are yellow. A ball is drawn at random from bag P and placed in bag Q. A second ball is drawn
at random from bag P and placed in bag Q. A third ball is then drawn at random from the 9 balls in bag Q.
The event A occurs when the 2 balls drawn from bag P are of the same colour. The event B occurs when
the ball drawn from bag Q is red.
(a) Complete the tree diagram shown below.
(4)

(b) Find P(A)

(3)

(c) Show that

(3)

(d) Show that

(2)

(Total 12 marks)
Q11.

A survey of the reading habits of some students revealed that, on a regular basis, 25% read quality
newspapers, 45% read tabloid newspapers and 40% do not read newspapers at all.
(a) Find the proportion of students who read both quality and tabloid newspapers.
(3)
(b) Draw a Venn diagram to represent this information.
(3)
A student is selected at random. Given that this student reads newspapers on a regular basis,
(c) find the probability that this student only reads quality newspapers.
(3)

(Total 9 marks)

Q12.

The following shows the results of a wine tasting survey of 100 people.

(a) Draw a Venn Diagram to represent these data.

(6)
Find the probability that a randomly selected person from the survey likes
(b) none of the three wines,
(1)
(c) wine A but not wine B,
(2)
(d) any wine in the survey except wine C,
(2)
(e) exactly two of the three kinds of wine.
(2)
Given that a person from the survey likes wine A,
(f) find the probability that the person likes wine C.
(3)

(Total 16 marks)
Q13.

A group of office workers were questioned for a health magazine and were found to take regular

exercise. When questioned about their eating habits said they always eat breakfast and, of those who
always eat breakfast also took regular exercise. Find the probability that a randomly selected member
of the group

(a) always eats breakfast and takes regular exercise,

(2)
(b) does not always eat breakfast and does not take regular exercise.
(4)

(c) Determine, giving your reason, whether or not always eating breakfast and taking regular exercise
are statistically independent.
(2)
(Total 8 marks)

Q14.
The Venn diagram below shows the number of students in a class who read any of 3 popular
magazines A, B and C.

One of these students is selected at random.

(a) Show that the probability that the student reads more than one magazine is
(2)
(b) Find the probability that the student reads A or B (or both).
(2)
(c) Write down the probability that the student reads both A and C.
(1)
Given that the student reads at least one of the magazines,
(d) find the probability that the student reads C.
(2)
(e) Determine whether or not reading magazine B and reading magazine C are statistically
independent.
(3)
(Total 10 marks)