Engineering Data

Section Contents

Speed Reducer Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346

Horsepower and Torque . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

AGMA Service Factors & Load Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348-349

Application Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350-352

Application Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353

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 Speed Reducer Nomenclature

AXIAL MOVEMENT – Endwise movement of input or out­put INPUT HORSEPOWER – The amount of power applied to
shafts, sometimes called endplay, is usually expressed in the input shaft of a reducer by the prime mover is its input
thousands of an inch. horsepower. It is often used as a selection basis for power
transmission components, and it appears in the rating tables
EFFICIENCY – The amount of output power of the reducer as
of drive manufacturer’s published data. Remember that input
compared to the amount of input power. It is usually stated
horsepower ratings represent the maximum amount of power
as a percentage.
that the reducer can safely handle.
Example:
OUTPUT HORSEPOWER – The amount of power avail­able
Input HP = 1 at the output shaft of a reducer is its output horse­power. Due
(75/100) x (100) = 75% Efficiency
Output HP = .75 to losses caused by inefficiency, output horsepower is always
less than input horsepower.
BACKLASH – Rotational movement of the output shaft when
holding the input shaft stationary and rotating the output OVERHUNG LOAD – The input or the output shaft of a speed
shaft alternately clockwise and counter clock­wise. Backlash reducer can be subject to an overhung load; that is, to a force

Q may be expressed in thousands of an inch measured at a

specific radius at the output shaft.
applied at right angles to the shaft, beyond its outermost
bearing. Such a force is a shaft bending load resulting from a
gear, pulley, sprocket or other external drive member. Besides
CENTER DISTANCE – On a single reduction reducer, this is the tendency to bend the shaft, the overhung load (that is,
the distance between the center lines of the input and output the radial force on the shaft) is reacted to by the shaft in it’s
shafts. Shaft center lines may be parallel or at right angles to bearings. Therefore, the overhung load creates loads that the
one another. The center distance of multiple stage reducers bearings must be able to support without damage.
usually refers to the lowest speed stage (last reduction).
SERVICE FACTORS – Numbers which modify the loads which
THRUST LOAD – Forces imposed on a shaft parallel to must be considered in selecting a speed reducer are called
the shaft axis. Such a force is called a thrust load. It is service factors. They vary with the type of service in which the
often encountered on shafts driving mixers, fans, blowers reducer is to be used, the kind of prime mover involved and
and similar machines. When a thrust load acts on a speed the duty cycle. The service factor can be a multiplier applied
reducer, you must be sure that the thrust load rating of the to the known load, which redefines the load in accordance
reducer is high enough that it’s shafts and bearings can with the conditions at which the drive will be used, or it can
absorb the load. be a divisor applied to catalog reducer ratings, thus redefining
MECHANICAL RATING – The maximum power or torque the rating in accordance with drive conditions. The service
that a speed reducer can transmit, based on the strength factor is usually applied to the speed reducer, but can also be
and durability of its components, is it’s mechanical applied to the name plate rating of the prime mover.
rating. Obviously, the reducer may be rated no higher REDUCTOR® – Boston Gear’s registered trademark for a
than the strength or durability of its weakest component. speed reducer having a projecting input shaft suitable for
Reducers typically have a safety margin of two to three on mounting a coupling, sprocket, pulley or gear.
their mechanical ratings. Thus, a reducer can withstand
momentary overloads of 200-300% of its mechanical rating FLANGED REDUCTOR – Boston Gear’s name for a reductor
during a startup or other brief overload situations. furnished with an input flange suitable for attaching a face
mounted motor.
THERMAL RATING – The maximum power or torque that a
speed reducer can transmit continuously, based on its ability RATIOMOTOR® – Boston Gear’s registered trademark for
to dissipate heat generated by friction, is called its thermal a motorized reducer consisting of a flanged reductor and
rating. face mounted motor assembled, sometimes referred to as a
gearmotor.
PRIME MOVER – The machine that provides power to a
drive is its prime mover. The most frequently encountered SELF-LOCKING ABILITY – Boston 700 Series reducers,
prime movers include electric motors, internal combustion under no conditions should be considered to hold a load
engines, hydraulic motors and air motors. The type of prime when at rest.
mover used can affect the speed reducer during operation. BACK-DRIVING – This is the converse of self-locking.
For example, an electric motor runs relatively smoothly in Depending upon ratio and many variables, it is difficult to
comparison to an internal combustion engine. predict the back-driving capability of a 700 Series reducer.
MOUNTING POSITION – The relationship of the input and Worm gear reducers are not intended to be used as speed
output shafts relative to the floor line. increasers. Consult factory for back-driving applications.

346 www.bostongear.com P-1485-BG 4/23

 Horsepower and Torque

POWER is the rate of doing work. If the shaft is revolved, the FORCE (W) is moved through a
distance, and WORK is done.
WORK is the exerting of a FORCE through a DISTANCE.
ONE FOOT POUND is a unit of WORK. It is the WORK done 2πR
WORK (Ft. Lbs.) = W x x No. of Rev. of shaft
in exerting a FORCE OF ONE POUND through a DISTANCE of 12
ONE FOOT.
When WORK is done in a specified TIME, POWER is used.
THE AMOUNT OF WORK done (Foot Pounds) is the FORCE
2πR
(Pounds) exerted multiplied by the DISTANCE (Feet) through POWER (Ft. Pounds per Minute) = W x x RPM
12
which the FORCE acts.
Since (1) HORSEPOWER = 33,000 Ft. Pounds per Minute
THE AMOUNT OF POWER used (Foot Pounds per Minute) is
the WORK (Foot Pounds) done divided by the TIME (Minutes) 2πR RPM W x R x RPM
Horsepower (HP) = W x x =
required. 12 33,000 63,025

WORK (Ft. Lbs.) but TORQUE (Inch Pounds) = FORCE (W) x RADIUS (R)

Q
POWER (Foot Pounds per Minute) = TIME (Minutes)
TORQUE (T) x RPM
Therefore HORSEPOWER (HP) =
POWER is usually expressed in terms of HORSE­POWER. 63,025
HORSEPOWER is POWER (Foot Pounds per Minute) divided Where total reductions are small, 50 to 1 or less, HP figures
by 33,000. are commonly used. Higher reductions require that
TORQUE figures be used to select drive components,
HORSEPOWER (HP)
because with large reductions, a small motor can produce
= POWER (Ft. Lbs. per Minute) extremely high TORQUE at the final low speed. For example,
33,000 1/12 HP reduced to 1 RPM using the formula below and
neglecting friction:
= WORK (Ft. Pounds)
33,000 x TIME (Min.) TORQUE x RPM 63,025 x HP
HP = or TORQUE =
63,025 RPM
= FORCE (Lbs.) x DISTANCE (Feet)
33,000 x TIME (Min.) 63,025 x 1/12
TORQUE = = 5,252 In. Lbs.
1
Illustration of horsepower Therefore, motors for use with large reductions should be
carefully selected. Even a small motor, if stalled, can produce
enough Torque to ruin the drive, unless it is protected by a
FORCE(W )
= 33,000 lbs.
FORCE(W ) shear pin or some similar device.
1000 lbs. 1000
33,000 lbs.
lbs. Neglecting frictional losses, this sketch illustrates the manner
DISTANCE = 1 FT . DISTANCE = 33 FT .
TIME = 1MIN. TIME = 1MIN. in which Torque increases as speed decreases.

33,000 x 1 1000 x 33
HP = = 1 HP HP = = 1 HP 10-1
33,000 x 1 33,000 x 1 1 HP 180 RPM
WG.0122 1800 6-1 30
TORQUE (T) is the product of a FORCE (W) in pounds, times CHAIN RPM
DRIVE
a RADIUS (R) in inches from the center of shaft (Lever Arm)
and is expressed in Inch Pounds.

R = 1" R = 2"
1 H.P . @ COUPLING 1 H.P . @ OUTPUT SHAFT 1 H.P . @ MACHINE
T = 63025
_____ = 35 LBS. IN. T = 63025
_____ = 350 LBS. IN. T = 63025
_____ = 2100 LBS. IN.
1800 180 30

W300 #
W150 #

WG.0123
WG.0124
T = WR T = WR
= 300 x 1 = 300 In. Lbs. = 150 x 2 = 300 In. Lbs.

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 AGMA Service Factors and Load Classifications
Non-Motor Motorized Non-Motor Motorized
Reducer Reducer Reducer Reducer
(Service Factors) (Class of Service) (Service Factors) (Class of Service)
Hours Per Day Hours Per Day Hours Per Day Hours Per Day
3 3 3 3
Type of Machine to Over to Over Type of Machine to Over to Over
To Be Driven 10 10 10 10 To Be Driven 10 10 10 10
AGITATORS FEEDERS
Pure Liquid 1.00 1.25 I II Apron - Belt - Screw 1.25 1.50 — —
Semi-Liquids, Variable Density 1.25 1.50 II II Disc 1.00 1.25 — —
BLOWERS Reciprocating 1.75 2.00 — —
Centrifugal and Vane 1.00 1.25 — — FOOD INDUSTRY
Lobe 1.25 1.50 — — Beet Slicer 1.25 1.50 II II
BREWING AND DISTILLING Bottling, Can Filling Machines 1.00 1.25 — —
Bottling Machinery 1.00 1.25 I II Cereal Cooker 1.00 1.25 I II
Brew Kettles - Continuous Duty — 1.25 — II Dough Mixer - Meat Grinder 1.25 1.50 II II

Q Cookers - Continuous Duty

Mash Tubs - Continuous Duty
Scale Hopper - Frequent Starts
—
—
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.50
—
—
II
II
II
II
Generators (Not Welding)
Hammer Mills
Slicers
1.00
1.75
1.00
1.25
2.00
1.25
—
—
—
—
—
—
CAN FILLING MACHINES HOISTS
Can Knives 1.50 — — — Heavy Duty 1.75 2.00 — —
Car Dumpers 1.75 — III — Medium Duty and Skip Type 1.25 1.50 — —
Car Pullers 1.25 — * — Laundry Tumblers 1.25 1.50 II III
Clarifiers 1.00 1.25 I II LINE SHAFTS
Classifiers 1.25 1.50 II II Uniform Load 1.00 1.25 I II
CLAY WORKING MACHINERY Heavy Load 1.25 1.50 II II
Brick Press & Briquette Machine 1.75 2.00 III III MACHINE TOOLS
Extruders and Mixers 1.25 1.50 II III Auxiliary Drive 1.00 1.25 I II
COMPRESSORS Main Drive - Uniform Load 1.25 1.50 II II
Centrifugal 1.00 1.25 — — Main Drive - Heavy Duty 1.75 2.00 III III
Lobe - Reciprocating, Multi-Cycle 1.25 1.50 — — METAL MILLS
Reciprocating - Single Cycle 1.75 2.00 — — Draw Bench Carriers & Main Drive 1.25 1.50 — —
CONVEYORS - UNIFORMLY Slitters 1.25 1.50 — —
LOADED & FED TABLE CONVEYORS -
Apron 1.00 1.25 II III NON REVERSING
Assembly Belt - Bucket or Pan 1.00 1.25 II II Group Drives 1.25 1.50 II III
Chain - Flight 1.00 1.25 II II Individual Drives 1.75 2.00 III III
Oven - Live Roll - Screw 1.00 1.25 I II Wire Drawing, Flattening or Winding 1.25 1.50 II III
CONVEYORS - HEAVY DUTY MILLS ROTARY TYPE
NOT UNIFORMLY FED BALL & ROD
Apron 1.25 1.50 II III Spur Ring Gear and Direct Connected — 2.00 — —
Assembly Belt - Bucket or Pan 1.25 1.50 II II Cement Kilns, Pebble — 1.50 — —
Chain - Flight 1.25 1.50 II II Dryers and Coolers — 1.50 — —
Live Roll — — * * Plain and Wedge Bar — 1.50 — —
Oven - Screw 1.25 1.50 I II Tumbling Barrels — 2.00 — —
Reciprocating - Shaker 1.75 2.00 III III MIXERS
CRANES AND HOISTS Concrete - Continuous 1.25 1.50 II III
Main Hoists 1.00 1.25 I II Concrete - Intermittent 1.25 1.50 II —
Bridge and Trolley Drive * * II II Constant Density 1.00 1.25 I II
CRUSHER Semi-Liquid 1.25 1.50 II II
Ore, Stone 1.75 2.00 — — OIL INDUSTRY
Sugar 1.50 1.50 — — Oil Well Pumping — * — —
ELEVATORS Chillers, Paraffin Filter 1.25 1.50 — —
Bucket - Uniform Load 1.00 1.25 I II Press Rotary Kilns 1.25 1.50 — —
Bucket - Heavy Load 1.25 1.50 II III PAPER MILLS
Centrifugal Discharge 1.25 1.50 I II Agitator (Mixer) 1.25 1.50 II II
Freight 1.25 1.50 II II Agitator - Pure Liquids 1.00 1.25 — —
Gravity Discharge 1.00 1.25 I II Barking Drums - Mechanical Barkers 1.75 2.00 — —
FANS Bleacher 1.00 1.25 I II
Centrifugal - Light (Small Dia.) 1.00 1.25 — — Beater 1.25 1.50 — —
Large Industrial 1.25 1.50 — — Calendar - Heavy Duty — 2.00 — —
*Consult Manufacturer.

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 AGMA Service Factors and Load Classifications
Non-Motor Motorized Non-Motor Motorized
Reducer Reducer Reducer Reducer
(Service Factors) (Class of Service) (Service Factors) (Class of Service)
Hours Per Day Hours Per Day Hours Per Day Hours Per Day
3 3 3 3
Type of Machine to Over to Over Type of Machine to Over to Over
To Be Driven 10 10 10 10 To Be Driven 10 10 10 10
PAPER MILLS (Continued) RUBBER INDUSTRY (Continued)
Calendar - Anti-Friction Bearings 1.00 1.25 — II Continuous Mixers — 1.50 — —
Cylinders 1.25 1.50 — II Calendars — 1.50 — —
Chipper — 2.00 — III Extruders - Continuous — 1.50 — —
Chip Feeder 1.25 1.50 — — Extruders - Intermittent — 1.75 — —
Coating Rolls - Couch Rolls 1.00 1.25 — — Tire Building Machines — — II II
Conveyors - Chips - Bark - Chemical 1.00 1.25 — — Tire and Tube Press Operators — — I I
Conveyors - Log and Slab — 2.00 — — SEWAGE DISPOSAL
Cutter — 2.00 — — EQUIPMENT
Cylinder Molds, Dryers - Anti-Friction
Felt Stretcher
Screens - Chip and Rotary
—
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.50
1.50
—
—
—
—

—
II
Bar Screens
Chemical Feeders
Collectors
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.25
1.25
1.25
I
I
I
II
II
II
Q
Thickener (AC) 1.25 1.50 — — Dewatering Screws 1.25 1.50 II II
Washer (AC) 1.25 1.50 — — Scum Breakers 1.25 1.50 II II
Winder - Surface Type — 1.25 — II Slow or Rapid Mixers 1.25 1.50 II II
PLASTICS INDUSTRY Thickeners 1.25 1.50 II II
Intensive Internal Mixers Vacuum Filters 1.25 1.50 II II
Batch Type — 1.75 — — SCREENS
Continuous Type — 1.50 — — Air Washing 1.00 1.25 I II
Batch Drop Mill - 2 Rolls — 1.25 — — Rotary - Stone or Gravel 1.25 1.50 II II
Compounding Mills — 1.25 — — Traveling Water Intake 1.00 1.25 I II
Calendars — 1.50 — — Skip Hoists — — II —
Extruder - Variable Speed — 1.50 — — Slab Pushers 1.25 1.50 — —
Extruder - Fixed Speed — 1.75 — — Stokers — 1.25 — II
PULLERS TEXTILE INDUSTRY
Barge Haul — 2.00 — — Batchers or Calendars 1.25 1.50 II II
PUMPS Cards 1.25 1.50 I II
Centrifugal — 1.25 — — Card Machines 1.75 2.00 III III
Proportioning — 1.50 * * Dry Cans and Dryers 1.25 1.50 II II
Reciprocating Dyeing Machines 1.25 1.50 II II
Single Acting, 3 or More Cycles 1.25 1.50 II III Looms 1.25 1.50 * *
Double Acting, 2 or More Cycles 1.25 1.50 II III Mangles, Nappers and Pads 1.25 1.50 II II
Rotary - Gear or Lube 1.00 1.25 I II Soapers, Tenner Frames 1.25 1.50 II II
RUBBER INDUSTRY Spinners, Washers, Winders 1.25 1.50 II II
Batch Mixers — 1.75 — — Tumbling Barrels 1.75 2.00 III III
Continuous Mixers — 1.50 — — Windlass 1.25 1.50 II III
*Consult Manufacturer.

This list is not all-inclusive and each application should be checked to determine if any unusual operating conditions will be
encountered.
SERVICE FACTOR CHART
AGMA Service
Class of Service Factor Operating Conditions
Moderate Shock - not more than 15 minutes in 2 hours.
I 1.00
Uniform Load - not more than 10 hours per day.
Moderate Shock - not more than 10 hours per day.
1.25
Uniform Load - more than 10 hours per day.
II
Heavy Shock - not more than 15 minutes in 2 hours.
1.50
Moderate Shock - more than 10 hours per day.
1.75 Heavy Shock - not more than 10 hours per day.
III
2.00 Heavy Shock - more than 10 hours per day.

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 Application Considerations

For most applications, select for running torque rather than Belt Conveyors
starting torque. The AC motor will normally pro­duce a 200
percent starting torque. The speed reducer is built to take Belt conveyor applications are one of those wherein the
at least 200% momentary overload to overcome normal speed reducer is commonly overspecified. Proper application
starting inertia. The difference in the resulting cost can be can, in many instances, result in substantial system
startling. economies.

A 20% safety factor in selection can double the life … of To determine the torque required here, first determine the
the speed reducer for more economy in the long run. This belt pull, since this is the principal force. In calculating this,
rule of thumb will help compensate for unexpected shock the effects of sliding friction and/or angle or inclination must
and vibration, and add substantially to wear life. be considered. Table 1 shows Application Factors which
may be used in determining belt pull based upon common
Consider “auxiliary drives” whenever possible for combinations of materials and various angles.
economy. A properly selected gear or chain drive reduction
from the reducer output to the driven shaft can produce TABLE 1. CONVEYOR APPLICATION FACTORS

Q substantial savings in space and drive cost.

Avoid auxiliary drives to the input shaft … unless
Material
Combinations 0° 10° 20°
Angle From The Horizontal
30° 40° 50° 60° 70° 80° 90°
absolutely necessary. Auxiliary reduction from the motor to Pivoting bucket .025 .19 .36 .52 .66 .78 .88 .95 .99 1.00
the input shaft can increase the size and cost of the drive. conveyor
Belt on rollers .025 .19 .36 .52 .66 .78 .88 .95 .99 1.00
Metal on metal (finished) .20 .37 .53 .67 .80 .89 .97 1.01 1.02 1.00
Hoists Fabric on steel .27 .44 .60 .74 .85 .94 1.00 1.03 1.03 1.00
Worm gear reducers are ideal for many hoist applica­tions. Fabric on wood .32 .49 .63 .77 .88 .97 1.02 1.04 1.04 1.00
There are, however, certain precautions which should Leather on wood .35 .52 .67 .80 .91 .99 1.04 1.06 1.05 1.00
be exercised with what are thought to be self-locking Wood on wood .35 .52 .67 .80 .91 .99 1.04 1.06 1.05 1.00
characteristics of this reducer type. Plastic on steel .35 .52 .67 .80 .91 .99 1.04 1.06 1.05 1.00
Metal on wood .40 .57 .72 .85 .95 1.02 1.07 1.08 1.05 1.00
A worm gear is generally said to be self-locking or Rubber on wood .45 .62 .76 .89 .99 1.05 1.09 1.09 1.06 1.00
irreversible when the gear cannot drive the worm – when Rubber on steel .50 .67 .81 .93 1.03 1.09 1.12 1.11 1.07 1.00
the lead angle of the worm is less than the friction angle and Leather on metal .56 .72 .87 .98 1.06 1.12 1.14 1.13 1.08 1.00
hence, reverse drive efficiency is zero. This static condition
Interpolation in the table above is permissible.
can be upset by vibrations from nearby machinery or other
sources. Many worm gear reducers are not self-locking, and The procedure involves selection of the proper Applica­tion
even a particular size and ratio, which may appear to be, Factor for the calculations:
cannot be depended upon for this purpose. Also, a reducer
which holds the load when upward movement is stopped Belt Pull =
may not when the load inertia is moving downward and (Total weight on conveyor) x (Application Factor)
the motor is stopped. For complete locking assurance, it Torque = (Belt Pull) x (Radius of Head Pulley)
is recommended that a fail-safe brake be used for such an
application.
Finding the required torque and drum RPM…
Torque (Lb. Ins.) = (Load) x (Drum Radius)
RPM = (Velocity) ÷ .2618 x (Drum Dia.)

8"

Load Load

WG.0125

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 Application Considerations

Example: The friction force acts at the point of contact between the
rollers and the cylinder, and will be:
An inclined belt conveyor is to carry cases of canned fruit.
The belt is leather on a wood conveyor bed. Ten cases will Friction Force=(Weight)x(Friction Factor)x(Angle Factor)
be on the conveyor at a time, and each weighs 30 Lbs. The
Assuming the cylinder is to be driven by one of the rollers:
conveyor is inclined at 20° to the horizontal, and the head
pulley diameter is 9”. Torque = (Friction Force) x (Radius of Roller)

How much torque is required at the head pulley? Example:

Select .67 as the Application Factor (Table 1) A 1200 Lb. steel cylinder is resting on two pairs of steel
rollers which are 4” in diameter. The cylinder is empty. The
Determine weight: 10 x 30 = 300 Lbs.
angle between rollers is 50°. How much torque is required at
Determine belt pull: 300 x .67 = 201 Lbs. the roller to turn the cylinder?
Determine Torque: 201 x 9/2 = 201 x 4.5 Select 1.10 as Angle Factor (Table 2), and .025 as Rolling
= 904 Lb. Ins.

RAD
Friction Factor (Table 3).
Determine Friction Force: 1200 x .025 x 1.10 = 33 Lbs.
Q
IUS
RADIUS
Determine Torque: 33 x 2 = 66 Lb. Ins.
Figure 2 Horizontal Axis Supported cylinders
ANGLE
(Figure 2), with unbal­anced loads
require a different approach.
Assuming that the cylinder is not
Cylinders full, and that the material is rotated
These applications deal principally with rotationWG.0126
of weight to a position about 45° from the
about a horizontal centerline. Again, they are commonly vertical, the torque is equal to
subject to reducer overspecification. The table of Rolling the Material Weight x “Effective
45˚
Friction Factors in the section on turn­tables may be used, Radius”.
since the supporting members will be essentially the same.
Effective Radius = Cylinder Diameter (D) x 0 .23 (1/4 full)
For Roller Supported cylinders 0.15 (1/2 full)
Figure 1
(Figure 1), the torque required will WG.01280.08 (3/4 full)

depend on the rolling friction fac­tor

Example:
and the angle between the rollers,
in addition to the weight. Assum­ing An axis supported cylinder is 3 Ft. in diameter and is half full
ROLLER
that the load in the cylinder is non- of semi-solids mixture weighing 400 Lbs. How much torque is
ANGLE
solid and tends to remain essen­tially required (at the axis) to rotate the cylinder?
central (or balanced). The Table
Determine the Effective Radius: .15 x (3 x 12) = 5.4 In.
below lists angle factors to be used
in the calculations. Calculate Torque: 400 x 5.4 = 2160 Lb. Ins.
WG.0127
Table 2. Angle Factors
For Roller Supported Cylinders

Angle 0° 20° 40° 50° 60° 70° 80° 90°

Angle Factor 1.00 1.02 1.06 1.10 1.15 1.22 1.31 1.41

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 Application Considerations

Turntables Example:
A turntable 20 feet in diameter is to rotate a 4500 Lb.
automobile. A ring of steel casters (riding on steel) supports
BEARING SUPPORT
the turntable, the casters are located at a radius of 8 feet. The
RADIUS turntable weights 1500 Lbs. How much torque is required to
drive the turntable at the axis?

Here, too, turntable applications appear to lend themselves Select .025 as Rolling Friction Factor (Table 3).
to overspecification of the speed reducer. Determine weight: 4500 + 1500 = 6000 Lbs.
WG.0129

This type of problem involves rotation of weight in a Determine Friction Force: 6000 x .025 = 150 Lbs.
horizontal plane, and in most cases the torque must
only overcome the friction between the turntable and its Determine Torque: 150 x (8 x 12) = 14,400 Lb. Ins.
supporting bearings. Assuming that the speed of rotation Center supported turntables do not lend themselves well to
will be slow, the bearing loads caused by centrifugal forces
Q
calculation because the bearings are on the supporting shaft.
(resulting from eccentric loading) may be ignored. Since in The scale measurement of the torque will provide the most
most applications, the turntable is supported by anti-friction accurate value. If this is not possible, the mean radius of the
bearings or rollers, a Table of Rolling Friction Factors is bearing may be used in the above formulas with some degree
provided to be used in the following calculations. of accuracy.
Table 3. Rolling friction factors
Radial Ball Bearings .001
Roller Bearings .0015
Thrust Ball Bearings .0034
Steel Wheels on Steel .025
Iron Rollers on Wood .13
Iron Rollers on Asphalt .14

In rim supported turntables, a friction factor should be

selected on the basis of the type of supporting bearings.
The load on the bearings will be the sum of the weight of the
turntable itself plus the load; the friction force at the bearings
is the product of the total weight and the friction factor.
Force = (Total Weight x Friction Factor)
Torque = (Force) x (Radius)

352 www.bostongear.com P-1485-BG 4/23

 Engineering Data
Application Formulas

TO OBTAIN HAVING FORMULA

Pitch Diameter (D) of Gear or Sprocket - Inches and Revolutions Per
Velocity (V) Feet Per Minute V = .2618 x D x RPM
Minute (RPM)
Velocity (V) Feet Per Minute and Pitch Diameter (D) of Gear or Sprocket - RPM = V
Revolutions Per Minute (RPM)
Inches .2618 x D
Pitch Diameter (D) of Gear or D= V
Velocity (V) Feet Per Minute and Revolutions Per Minute (RPM)
Sprocket .2618 x RPM

Torque (T) In. Lbs. Force (W) Lbs. and Radius (R) Inches T=WxR

HP = W x V
Horsepower (HP) Force (W) Lbs. and Velocity (V) Feet Per Minute
33000

Horsepower (HP) Torque (T) In. Lbs. and Revolutions Per Minute (RPM)
HP = T x RPM
63025
Q
T = 63025 x HP
Torque (T) Horsepower (HP) and Revolutions Per Minute (RPM)
RPM
W = 33000 x HP
Force (W) Lbs. Horsepower (HP) and Velocity (V) Feet Per Minute
V
RPM = 63025 x HP
Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Horsepower (HP) and Torque (T) In. Lbs.
T

P-1485-BG 4/23 www.bostongear.com 353

 Terms and Conditions
All Quotations And Sales By Boston Gear, The Contracting Party Hereto, A Division Of Regal Rexnord.
Hereafter Called “Company” Are Made On The Following Terms And Conditions.

1. Quotations and Their Acceptance 3. Credit Terms

Unless otherwise specified, quotations on stock products To those customer and prospective customers whose
are for immediate acceptance, subject to prior sales. credit is satisfactory to the Company, terms are net thirty
Quotations on special products are made subject to (30) days, from date of invoice, with the option of paying
acceptance within sixty (60) days from date thereof, but in semi-monthly. The Company may at any time when, in
making such quotations, the Company reserves the right its opinion, the finan­cial condition of the customer or
to change or cancel them at any time prior to the receipt prospective customer warrants it, either alter or suspend
of the customers’ written acceptance. All quota­tions for credit, or discontinue deliveries, and render a charge
special products are based upon supplying up to plus or covering the value of any partially finished special products
minus 5% of quantity ordered unless otherwise stated in which are then being manu­factured for the customer. In
the quotation. All quotations are made F.O.B. shipping those instances where credit is not established, and in
point. cases where satisfactory references are not given, the
terms are cash with order. For special products in those

Q 2. Prices
Prices are in accordance with current Company price
instances where credit is not established to the satisfaction
of the Company, a deposit of at least 50% of total value
of the order is required. Remittances should be made by
lists, are based on quantity specified and are subject
check or money order, payable to the Boston Gear, P.O.
to minimum order requirements of the Company. In
Box 521 South Beloit, IL 61080, U.S.A. Delays in trans­
the event the Company consents to the cancellation
portation shall not exceed the terms of payment.
or suspension of orders, it shall be entitled to charge
for work done and material ordered or used up to the
time of giving its written consent to such cancellation 4. Material Furnished by The Customer
or suspension. When work is to be done on material Unless otherwise specified, quotations are based on
furnished by the customer, prices are based on the material furnished by the customer being of ordinary
quantity specified being delivered by the customer at hardness, normal allowance for finish, uniform
one time within a reasonable time after acceptance of specification, and machine work being of ordinary
order. Quotations will be made on special products of all commercial accuracy. If material furnished by the customer
types or on cutting only. Prices, specifications, and terms involves the Company in expense not contemplated by
and conditions, as well as all statements appear­ing in the contract, the customer will be charged for all such
the Company’s catalogs and advertisements, and made additional expense. If serious defects are found in the
elsewhere by the Company are subject to change without material furnished by the customer, the customer will
notice. Changes by the customer in specifications or be charged for the actual work done. The Company
delivery requirements will be subject to change in price. assumes no responsibility for, and will not be liable for
Whenever the net price of an order amounts to less than loss of or damage to samples, blueprints, diagrams, and
$25.00, a minimum charge of $25.00 will be made. other material of any nature submitted or furnished by the
customer or prospective customer, provided the Company
has exercised reasonable care in the handling of the
same. The Company does not assume transportation and
insurance costs on any of the foregoing items. In all cases
where the customer or prospective customer makes no
statement in writing, concerning the disposition of any
of the foregoing material when submitted, the Company
reserves the right to dispose of such material according to
its best judgement.

5. Dimensions
When dimensions of rims, bores, and hubs are not clearly
specified, quotations are based on ordinary dimensions.
Before the customer’s blanks are accepted by the
Company for cutting, the diameter, holes, rims, and ends
of holes must be finished; for bevel gears, hubs, must be
of uniform length. There should also be an allowance of
extra blanks to cover possible spoilage. Unless otherwise
specified, dimensions are in inches.

354 www.bostongear.com P-1485-BG 4/23

 Terms and Conditions
All Quotations And Sales By Boston Gear, The Contracting Party Hereto, A Division Of Regal Rexnord.
Hereafter Called “Company” Are Made On The Following Terms And Conditions.

6. Samples 10. Delay or Nonperformance

In no case are samples furnished free. If agreed to by the The Company shall not be liable for any delay or loss of
Company, a few products in advance of a regular quantity any nature or failure in performance due to or caused
order will be furnished but only at an agreed upon price by fire, flood, strike, or other differences with workmen,
over the regular quantity price. accidents, labor or material or transportation shortages,
war (declared or undeclared), insurrection, riot, or by any
governmental orders or regulations, legal interferences
7. Taxes
or prohibitions, defaults on the part of suppliers or other
If any tax is at any time levied or imposed by the federal
causes beyond the Company’s reasonable control.
or any state or local government, or any other taxing
authority, upon the products covered hereby, or in
respect of the production, processing, manufacture, 11. Claims and Rejected Material
storage, sale, use, or consumption thereof, or, in the Any products which have been altered or damaged

Q
case of goods delivered at the Company’s expense, are not returnable except with the Company’s written
upon the transportation thereof, including freight charges consent. To reject products on inspection as defective,
thereon, the amount of such tax shall be added to the customer must notify the Company in writing within ten
purchase price above specified and shall be borne by the (10) days from receipt of the products. Before allowing
customer. The Company will accept a valid exemption or rejecting claim, the Company shall then have the
certificate from the customer if applicable; however, if option of reinspection at the customer’s plant or its own.
any exemption certificate previously accepted is not Defects that do not impair service shall not be a cause
recognized by the taxing authority involved and the for rejection. The Company shall have the right to replace
Company is required to pay the tax covered by such within a reasonable time any product or products which
exemption certificate, the customer shall be required to in its opinion do not conform to the order. No claim will
promptly reimburse the Company for the taxes so paid. be allowed for any products damaged by the customer
or damaged in transit. Expenses incurred in con­nec­
tion with claims for which the Company is not liable, will
8. Shipments
be charged to the customer. The Company will not be
All shipments are made F.O.B. shipping point (subject
respon­sible for any work done to correct errors unless
to freight allowance under conditions stated in separate
such work is authorized by the written consent of the
price schedules). When ordering, the customer’s desired
Company. The Company assumes no liability for any
method of shipment must be clearly stated. Where
claim for infringe­ment of any foreign or domestic patent.
instructions for shipping do not appear on the order,
shipment will be made according to the Company’s best
judgment. Full risk of loss (including transportation delays 12. Limited Warranty
and losses) shall pass the customer upon delivery of the The Company warrants that products manufactured
products to F.O.B. point. Unless otherwise instructed, or sold by it shall be free from defects in material and
all Parcel Post shipments are insured at the customers’ workmanship. Any products which shall within two
expense. Parcel Post shipments without insurance are at (2) years of delivery, be proved to the Company’s
the customer’s risk. Deliveries by Messenger Service to satisfaction to have been defective at the time of
a terminal are made at the customer’s risk and expense. delivery in these respects will be replaced or repaired by
Partial shipments shall be permitted and the Company the Company at its option. Freight is the responsibility of
may invoice each shipment separately. the customer. The Company’s liability under this limited
warranty is limited to such replacement or repair and it
shall not be held liable in any form of action for direct
9. Refusal of Shipment
or consequential damages to property or person. THE
In case of the refusal or inability of the customer to accept
FORE­GOING LIMITED WARRANTY IS EXPRESSLY
any shipment in accordance with the terms of the order,
MADE IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES
the customer shall be liable for freight, express, storage,
WHATSOEVER, EXPRESS, IMPLIED AND STATUTORY
extra cost of handling and all other expenses incurred by
AND INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE IMPLIED
the Company as a result of such refusal or inability.
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS.
No employee, agent, distributor, or other person is
authorized to give additional warranties on behalf of
Boston Gear, nor to assume for Boston Gear any other
liability in connection with any of its products, except an
officer of Boston Gear by a signed writing

P-1485-BG 4/23 www.bostongear.com 355

 Terms and Conditions
All Quotations And Sales By Boston Gear, The Contracting Party Hereto, A Division Of Regal Rexnord.
Hereafter Called “Company” Are Made On The Following Terms And Conditions.

13. Waiver of Breach 19. Guaranteed Same Day Shipment

No waiver by the Company of any breach of these • Products must be available from stock.
provisions shall constitute a waiver of any other breach. • Does not apply to WOG or scheduled release
shipments.
14. Consequential Damages • Same day shipment available Monday through Friday
The Company shall not be liable to the customer or excluding U.S. holidays. For emergency service, please
others claiming through the customer for special or call 704-688-7350.
consequential charges for any reason whatsoever. • In the event your freight carrier is unable to meet your
requirements, we reserve the right to substitute a carrier
of equivalent quality.
15. Laws
To the best of the Company’s knowledge and belief it is • If a shipment is missed and Boston Gear pays the
in compliance with all local, state and federal laws. All freight, we’ll pay for the freight charges as they were

Q
originally specified on the order.
orders are subject to the condition that the Company’s
obligation under such local, state and federal laws • Brokerage and export fees still apply to shipments
and Executive Orders, Rules and Regulations issued outside the U.S.
thereunder, whether now in force or hereafter made • Video Terminal Orders entered up to 8 p.m. Eastern
effective, shall be no greater as a result of this Time will be shipped the same day.
agreement and no greater than required by such laws
and the Company expressly disclaims assump­tions of
any of the customer’s obligations under such laws.

16. General
Any terms and conditions of a customer’s order which
are inconsistent with or additional to the terms and
conditions hereof shall not be binding on the Company
and shall not be considered applicable to any sale
or shipment of the Company’s products. All such
terms and conditions are hereby expressly rejected.
No waiver, alteration or modifica­tion of any of the
Company’s terms and conditions shall be binding on
the Company unless made in writing and agreed to by a
duly authorized official of the Company.

17. Printers, Stenographic, and Clerical Errors

The Company is not responsible for printers’ errors
made in any of its publications and other forms of
printed matter, or for any stenographic and clerical
errors. All such errors are subject to correction.

18. Reducer Express

• Quantities of reducers covered as part of this program
are a maximum of:
6 pieces for any 710-726 or 221-231 and 832-843
2 pieces for any 730-760 or 239-247 and 852-873
• Bost-Kleen, Stainless Bost-Kleen and modified
reducers are not included as part of this program.
• Boston Gear will utilize any major courier to handle air
shipments.
• Consult Boston Gear for details.

356 www.bostongear.com P-1485-BG 4/23

Boston Gear Online Resources
VISIT US ON THE WEB AT
WWW.BOSTONGEAR.COM

Everything Boston Gear

From the Boston Gear homepage you
can explore all of our resources and visit
our key market portals to find solutions
for your specific needs.
WWW.BOSTONGEAR.COM

Get Connected
The Boston Gear Newsroom makes it quick
and easy for you to get the news you need
when you need it. From new literature releases
to trade show schedules, the news is at your
fingertips 24 hours a day.

WWW.BOSTONGEAR.COM/NEWSROOM

Boston Gear eCatalog

The eCatalog offers product selections
and comparisons to meet your specific
needs. Download 2D and 3D CAD
formats and dimensional line drawings.
Submit an online RFQ to the local
distributor of your choice.

WWW.BOSTONGEAR.COM/ECATALOG