Relations and Functionsable

Warm-Up

Objectives
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• Represent a _________ in multiple ways, including equations, graphs, words, and

tables of values.

• Determine if a relation is a _________ .

• Determine if the function is one-to-one.

• Determine the _________ and _________ of a relation.

• Evaluate _________ rules.

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Warm-Up

Words to Know
Fill in this table as you work through the lesson. You may also use the glossary to help you.

a relation in which each element of the domain is paired with

_____________ exactly one element of the range

_____________ a set of ordered pairs

_____________ the set of all the first coordinates in a relation

the variable in a function which represents the output values, or

_____________ the second coordinate in the ordered pairs

a function in which each element of the range is paired with

_____________ exactly one element of the domain

the variable in a function which represents the input values, or the

_____________ first coordinate in the ordered pairs

_____________ the set of output values corresponding to the domain values

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Instruction

LESSON
Question

Basic Terms for Describing Ordered Pairs

VOCABULARY

_________ -- A set of ordered pairs

_________ -- The set of 1st elements

Range -- The set of _____ elements

Example:

State Capital

Alabama Montgomery
Alaska Juneau
Arizona Phoenix

As a set of ordered pairs:

{(AL, Montgomery), ( ____ , Juneau), ( ____ , Phoenix), . . .}

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Instruction

Relations, Domains, and Ranges Using Numbers

Equation Words

y = x2 − 1 y is 1 less than

the square of x.

Graph Table

y
x y

–1 0

0 –1
x
1 0

2 3

Ordered Pairs

{ (–1, 0), (0, –1), (1, 0), (2, 3), … }

What is the domain?

Strategy: Identify the x-values that can be plugged into the equation or identify the

x-values that are in the graph.

The domain is _________________ .

What is the range?

Strategy: Identify the smallest y-value in the graph.

The range is y ≥ ____ . 4

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Definition of a Function
A __________ is a relation in which each _________ element is paired with exactly one

_________ element.

Not a Function Function

Domain (x) Range (y) Domain (x) Range (y)

–6 1 –1 –3
–3 –2 0 –1
4 1 1
1 3 2 5

1-to-1 Function

When the domain is ____ , For every x (or domain), there is

the output is both –2 and –4. one specific y; for every y, there is

one specific x.

The job of a function is to send each input to one output.

Step 1: Identify the input.

Step 2: Find the value when x = 5.

y = (5)2 − 1 ____ y = x2 − 1 ____

y = 25 − 1

y = 24 y is a __________ of x.

Step 3: Identify the output.

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Functions as “Machines”: Each input leads to one output.

Capitals are a ____________ their states.

state Find the ________

capital.

This function is also a ________ function because there are 50 states and 50 capitals.

How to Test whether a Graph Is a Function

VERTICAL-LINE TEST

Not a Function

x When x = –1 , there are ____

different y-values.

If ________ vertical line passes through the graph ________ per

x-value ⟹ function.

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How to Test whether a Function Is One-to-One

HORIZONTAL-LINE TEST

y
Function

For every x-value there is only ____ y-value.

Not One-to-One
x
A horizontal line drawn at y = 3 will pass through
the graph at ____ points.

One-to-One: Pass both the vertical- and ___________ -line tests.

Function Notation
Equation: y = x2 – 1 f(x) = x2 – 1
y
Function Notation: ____ = x2 – 1 x f(x)

Evaluating Functions: –2 3

f(–2) = (–2)2 – 1 x 0 –1

= ____ 1 0

So, (–2, 3) is an ______________ of f. 2 3

Graphs: All points (x, f(x))

Table Columns: x and f(x)

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How to Use Functions to Represent Real-World Situations

Tickets to a play cost $15 each. Write a function for the cost of x tickets.

• Input variable: ____ .

• Output Variable: ____

• Relationship: ____ × (each ticket)

• Equation: c(x) = ____

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Summary

LESSON
How can you describe a relationship between x and y?
Question

Answer

Review: Key Vocabulary and Concepts

A relation is a set of ordered pairs.
(x, y) (Idaho, Boise)
A function sends each input to exactly

one output. ____ f ____

Domain is the set of all inputs (x).

One-to-one
Range is the set of all outputs (y).
____ f ____
A one-to-one function also pairs each
output with exactly one input.

Review: Common Problem Types

To determine whether a relation is a function:

• For mapping diagrams: Make sure every _______ has only one _______ .

• For tables and lists: Make sure there are no ___________ x-values.

• For graphs: Use the ___________________ .

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Warm-Up

To determine whether a function is one-to-one:

• Make sure every output has only one input and no repeated y-values.

To write a function rule:

1. Identify the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

2. Use function notation to write the function rule.

Use this space to write any questions or thoughts about this lesson.

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