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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

International General Certificate of Secondary Education
*5805031630*

CHEMISTRY 0620/31
Paper 3 (Extended) October/November 2010
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

For Examiner’s Use
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 16.
1
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part
question. 2

Total

This document consists of 15 printed pages and 1 blank page.

IB10 11_0620_31/3RP
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For
1 The table gives the composition of three particles. Examiner’s
Use

number of number of number of

particle
protons electrons neutrons

A 15 15 16
B 15 18 16
C 15 15 17

(a) What is the evidence in the table for each of the following?

(i) Particle A is an atom.

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) They are all particles of the same element.

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(iii) Particle B is a negative ion.

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(iv) Particles A and C are isotopes.

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) (i) What is the electronic structure of particle A?

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) What is the valency of the element?

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(iii) Is the element a metal or a non-metal? Give a reason for your choice.

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 9]

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For
2 About 4000 years ago the Bronze Age started in Britain. Bronze is an alloy of copper and Examiner’s
tin. Use

(a) (i) Suggest a reason why a bronze axe was better than a copper axe.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Brass is another copper alloy. Name the other metal in brass.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) The diagram below shows the arrangement of particles in a pure metal.

(i) What is the name given to a regular arrangement of particles in a crystalline solid?

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Draw a diagram which shows the arrangement of particles in an alloy.

[2]

(iii) Explain the term malleable.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(iv) Why are metals malleable?

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

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For
(c) The common ore of tin is tin(IV) oxide and an ore of copper is malachite, Examiner’s
CuCO3.Cu(OH)2. Use

(i) Write a word equation for the reduction of tin(IV) oxide by carbon.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Malachite is heated to form copper oxide and two other chemicals.
Name these chemicals.

................................................... and ................................................................. [2]

(iii) Copper oxide is reduced to copper which is then refined by electrolysis.

Label the diagram of the apparatus which could be used to refine copper.

power
supply
– +

[3]

(iv) Give one use of copper, other than making alloys.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 15]

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For
3 The diagram shows a cell. This is a device which produces electrical energy. The reaction in Examiner’s
a cell is a redox reaction and involves electron transfer. Use

V
+ –
inert electrode inert electrode

solution of solution of iron(II) salt

bromine Fe2+(aq)
Br2(aq)

filter paper soaked in

sodium chloride solution
to complete the circuit

(i) Complete the sentence.

A cell will change ................................................ energy into electrical energy. [1]

(ii) Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the direction of the electron flow. [1]

(iii) In the left hand beaker, the colour changes from brown to colourless.
Complete the equation for the reaction.

Br2 + ............... → ...............

[2]

(iv) Is the change in (iii) oxidation or reduction? Give a reason for your choice.

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(v) Complete the following description of the reaction in the right hand beaker.

Fe2+ changes into ......................... . [1]

(vi) When a solution of bromine is replaced by a solution of chlorine, the voltage

increases. When a solution of bromine is replaced by a solution of iodine, the voltage
decreases.
Suggest an explanation for this difference.

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 7]

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For
4 Ammonia is an important industrial chemical. Examiner’s
Use
(a) (i) Give the electron structure of an atom of nitrogen.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Use this electronic structure, rather than the valency of nitrogen, to explain why the
formula of ammonia is NH3 not NH4.

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Ammonia is made by the Haber Process.

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) forward reaction is exothermic

The percentage of ammonia in the equilibrium mixture varies with conditions.

pressure / atmospheres 100 200 300 400

% ammonia at 300 °C 45 65 72 78
% ammonia at 500 °C 9 18 25 31

The conditions actually used are 200 atmospheres, 450 °C and an iron catalyst.

(i) The original catalyst was platinum. Suggest a reason why it was changed to iron.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Explain why the highest pressure gives the highest percentage of ammonia in the
equilibrium mixture.

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(iii) What happens to the unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen?

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

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For
(iv) State one advantage and one disadvantage of using a lower temperature. Examiner’s
Use
advantage .................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

disadvantage ............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 9]

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For
5 Monomers polymerise to form polymers or macromolecules. Examiner’s
Use
(a) (i) Explain the term polymerise.

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) There are two types of polymerisation - addition and condensation. What is the
difference between them?

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) An important monomer is chloroethene which has the structural formula shown below.

H H

C C

H Cl

It is made by the following method.

C2H4 + Cl 2 → C2H4 Cl 2 dichloroethane

This is heated to make chloroethene.

C2H4Cl 2 → C2H3Cl + HCl

(i) Ethene is made by cracking alkanes. Complete the equation for cracking
dodecane.

C12H26 → .................... + 2C2H4

[1]

Another method of making dichloroethane is from ethane.

C2H6 + 2Cl 2 → C2H4Cl 2 + 2HCl

(ii) Suggest a reason why the method using ethene is preferred.

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(iii) Describe an industrial method of making chlorine.

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

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For
(iv) Draw the structural formula of poly(chloroethene). Examiner’s
Use
Include three monomer units.

[2]

[Total: 9]

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For
6 The table below shows the elements in the second period of the Periodic Table and some of Examiner’s
their oxidation states in their most common compounds. Use

element Li Be B C N O F Ne
number of outer electrons 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
oxidation state +1 +2 +3 +4 –3 –2 –1 0

(a) (i) What does it mean when the only oxidation state of an element is zero?

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Explain why some elements have positive oxidation states but others have negative
ones.

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(iii) Select two elements in the table which exist as diatomic molecules of the type X2.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Beryllium hydroxide, a white solid, is an amphoteric hydroxide.

(i) Name another metal which has an amphoteric hydroxide.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Suggest what you would observe when an excess of aqueous sodium hydroxide is
added gradually to aqueous beryllium sulfate.

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) (i) Give the formulae of lithium fluoride and nitrogen fluoride.

lithium fluoride ..........................................................................................................

nitrogen fluoride .................................................................................................. [2]

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For
(ii) Predict two differences in their properties. Examiner’s
Use
....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(iii) Explain why these two fluorides have different properties.

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 13]

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For
7 The diagram shows part of the carbon cycle. This includes some of the processes which Examiner’s
determine the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Use

carbon dioxide
in the atmosphere

combustion respiration

photosynthesis

(i) Carbon dioxide is one greenhouse gas. Name another one.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Explain the term respiration and how this process increases the percentage of
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [3]

(iii) Explain why the combustion of waste crop material should not alter the percentage
of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(iv) In 1960 the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was 0.032% and in
2008 it was 0.038%. Suggest an explanation for this increase.

....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 8]

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For
8 Soluble salts can be made using a base and an acid. Examiner’s
Use
(a) Complete this method of preparing dry crystals of the soluble salt
cobalt(II) chloride-6-water from the insoluble base cobalt(II) carbonate.

Step 1
Add an excess of cobalt(II) carbonate to hot dilute hydrochloric acid.

Step 2

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Step 3

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Step 4

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]

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For
(b) 6.0 g of cobalt(II) carbonate was added to 40 cm3 of hydrochloric acid, concentration Examiner’s
2.0 mol / dm3. Calculate the maximum yield of cobalt(II) chloride-6-water and show that Use
the cobalt(II) carbonate was in excess.

CoCO3 + 2HCl → CoCl 2 + CO2 + H2O

CoCl 2 + 6H2O → CoCl 2.6H2O

Maximum yield

Number of moles of HCl used = .........................

Number of moles of CoCl 2 formed = .........................

Number of moles of CoCl 2.6H2O formed = .........................

Mass of one mole of CoCl 2.6H2O = 238 g

Maximum yield of CoCl 2.6H2O = ......................... g [4]

To show that cobalt(II) carbonate is in excess

Number of moles of HCl used = ......................... (use value from above)

Mass of one mole of CoCO3 = 119 g

Number of moles of CoCO3 in 6.0 g of cobalt(II) carbonate = ......................... [1]

Explain why cobalt(II) carbonate is in excess .................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 10]

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BLANK PAGE

0620/31/O/N/10
© UCLES 2010
DATA SHEET
The Periodic Table of the Elements
Group
I II III IV V VI VII 0
1 4
H He
Hydrogen Helium
1 2

7 9 11 12 14 16 19 20
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
16

85 88 89 91 93 96 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

0620/31/O/N/10
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

133 137 139 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209

Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
55 56 57 * 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

226 227
Fr Ra Ac

Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
Francium Radium Actinium
87 88 89

140 141 144 150 152 157 159 162 165 167 169 173 175
*58-71 Lanthanoid series
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
90-103 Actinoid series Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
a a = relative atomic mass 232 238
Key X X = atomic symbol Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
b b = proton (atomic) number 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).

reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included the

University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
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