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Numerical Technique in Electromagnetic

Problem
By
Dr. Mona M. Badawy
❖ Numerical Methods?!
✓ solves the problem for the current distribution, electric (E), and magnetic (H)
fields across the problem domain
✓ numerical methods can be divided according to the solution process into
frequency domain method and time domain method
calculate the time response of the
produce the solution separately for structure step by step until a steady
each frequency. state is reached, form this time
response the frequency response is
calculated using the Fourier
What is the difference between Time transform
domain and frequency domain?
❖ Most Commonly Numerical Methods used in EM
Finite Difference Time Domain
(FDTD)

• Finite Difference Methods

• Method of Moments (MoM) Finite Difference Frequency Domain


(FDFD)

• Finite Element Method (FEM)

• Transmission Line Modeling (TLM) What do these abbreviations


mean??
❖ Maxwell Equitations Write maxwell equation in
differential and integral
form???

Faraday’s Law

Ampere Law

Gauss electric law

Gauss magnetic Law


Transmission
line method
❖ Main idea for Numerical methods

Discretization : divide the given problem domain


into sub-domains

This process of discretization is known as


meshing. Generally, the finer the mesh is; the
better is the accuracy of the methods.

Explain the discretization?


❖ Main idea for Numerical methods
❖ Main idea for Numerical methods
✓ The simulation time increases in the same proportion as the number of mesh
cells

✓ The total number of mesh cells should not be increased carelessly as it will
have a direct impact on the total simulation time.

✓ It is important to use a mesh that is well balanced and offers a good


compromise between simulation speed and accuracy
❖ Simulation program

HFSS

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