CHAPTER

Classification of Elements
3 and Periodicity in Properties

1. For the second period elements the correct (a) Carbon family. [Rn] 5f" 6d'0 73 7p?
order of first ionization enthalpy is (b) Oxygen family, [Rn] 5f" 6d" 7s 7p
increasing
(a) Li <Be <B < C<0<N <F< Ne (c) Nitrogen family. [Rn] 5f 6d7s 7p6
(b) Li < Be <B<C<N<O<F< Ne (d) Halogen family, [Rn] 5f" 6d0 7s 7p
(c) Li< B <Be <C<0 <N<F< Ne (NEET 2017)
(d) Li < B< Be < C<N<0< F< Ne
6. In which of the following options the order
(NEET 2019) of arrangement does not agree with the
2. Match the oxide given in column I with its variation of property indicated against it?

property given in column II. (a) I < Br < Cl < F (increasing electron
Column I Column II
gain enthalpy)
6) Na,O A. Neutral
(b) Li < Na < K < Rb (increasing metallic
i) Al,O, B. Basic
radius)
(ii) N,O C. Acidic (c) Al3+ < Mg2* < Na < F (increasing
(iv) Cl,0, D. Amphoteric ionic size)
Which of the following options has all
(d) B < C < N < o (increasing first
correct pairs?
ionisation enthalpy) (NEET-I 2016)
(a) (i)-B, (i)-A, (ii)-D, (iv)-C
(b) (i)-C, (ü)-B, (ii)-A, (iv)-D 7. Which of the following orders of ionic radi
(c) (i)-A, (ii)-D, (i)-B, (iv)-C is correctly represented?
(d) (i)-B, (ii)-D, (ii)-A, (iv)-C (a) H>H*> H (b) Na*> F>0
(Odisha NEET 2019) (c) F> O> Na* (d) AP>Mg*>N
3. Which of the following oxides is most (2014)
acidic in nature? 8. Which one of the following arrangements
(a) MgO (b) BeO
represents the correct order of least
(c) BaO (d) CaO negative to most negative electron gain
(NEET 2018)
enthalpy for C, Ca, Al, F and O?
4 The correct order of atomic radii in (a) Al<Ca < O <C<F
group 13 elements is
(b) Al<O<C< Ca< F
(a) B< Al < In < Ga< Tl
(c) C<F <O<Al < Ca
b) B<Al< Ga< In < TI
(d) Ca< Al<C<0<F
(c) B<Ga < Al< Tl< In
(Karnataka NEET 2013)
(d) B < Ga <Al < In <TI (NEET 2018)
5.
The element Z = 114 has been discovered 9. ldentity the wrong statement in thefollowing
recently. It will belong to which of the (a) Amongst isoelectronic species, smaller
following family/group and electronic the positive charge on the cation,
configuration? smaller is the ionic radius.
 Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties 19

(b) Amongst isoelectronic species, greater them may have the highest ionisation
the negative charge on the anion, larger energy?
is the ionic radius. (a) Ne [3s 3p) (b) Ar (3d0 45 4p']
(c) Atomic radius ofthe elements increases (c) Ne [3s 3p'] (d) Ne [3s 3p°]
as one moves down the first group of (2009)
the periodic table.
16. Which one of the following arrangements
(d) Atomic radius of the elements does not give the correct picture of the
decreases as one moves across from
trends indicated against it?
left to right in the 2nd period of the
(a) F>> Br, > I,: Bond dissociation energy
periodic table. (2012)
(b) F,> Cl, > Br, > 1,: Electronegativity
10. What is the value of electron gain enthalpy
of Na if IE, of Na = 5.1 eV?
(c) F> Cl, > Br, > I2 : Oxidizing power
(d) F, >Cl, >Br, > lh: Electron gain
(a) -5.1 eV (b) -10.2 eV
enthalpy (2008)
(c) +2.55 eV (d) +10.2eV
(Mains 2011) 17. Identify the correct order of the size of the
11. The correct order of the decreasing ionic following.
radii among the following isoelectronic (a) Ca2t <K* <Ar< C <$*
species is (b) Ar < Ca2* < K* < Cl< S2
(a) Ca2t > K*> S> C (c) Ca2 < Ar < K* < Cl< S?2
(b) C> S> Ca2t >K* (d) Ca2< K* <Ar <S<Cl (2007)
(c) S> Cl> K*> Ca2+ 18. With which of the following electronic
d) K*>Ca2>Cl>S (2010) configuration an atom has the lowest
12. Which of the following represents the ionisation enthalpy?
correct order of increasing electron (a) 1s 2s 2p* (b) 1s 252 2p 3s
gain enthalpy with negative sign for the (c) 1s25 2p (d) 1s 25 2p
elements O, S, F and Cl? (2007)
(a) Cl<F<O<S (b) O<S<F< Cl 19. Which one of the following ionic
species
(c) F<S<O<C (d) S<O<Cl<F has the greatest proton affinity to form
(2010, 2005) stable compound?
13. Among the elements Ca, Mg, P and Cl, the (a) NH (b) F
order of increasing atomic radii is (c) (d) HS (2007)
(a) Mg<Ca <Cl<P 20. Which one of the following orders is not
(b) Cl<P< Mg< Ca in accordance with the property stated
(c) P<Cl< Ca < Mg against it?
d) Ca< Mg< P< Cl (Mains 2010) (a) F >
Cl, > Br,> I, Bond dissociation
:

4. Among the following which one has the

energy
highest cation to anion size ratio? (6) F, >
Cl,> Br, > 1,: Oxidising power
(a) Csl (b) CsF (c) LiF (d) NaF (c) HI> HBr> HCl> HF:Acidicproperty
(Mains 2010) in water
15.
Amongst the elements with following (d) F> Cl,> Br, > 12: Electronegativity
electronic configurations, which one of
(2006)
 mtG NEET-AIPMT Chapterwise Solutions Chemistry
20
28. Which one of the following is correct
21. Tonic radii are
to effective order of the size of iodine species?
(a) inversely proportional (a) I>I>I (b) I>I>I*
nuclear charge
to square of
(c) I>I >I* (d) I>I>I (1997)
(b) inversely proportional
effective nuclear charge 29. Which of the following ion is the largest in
proportional to effective size?
(c) directly
nuclear charge (a) K* (b) Ca2
to of
(d) directly proportional square (c) Cl (d) $* (1996)
effective nuclear charge. (2004) 30. Which of the following has the smallest
22. The ions O, F, Na', Mg2
and AS* are
size?
isoelectronic. Their ionic radii show (b) F
(a) AlS+
increase from O to A13+
(a) a significant (c) Nat (d) Mg (1996)
decrease from 0 to A13+
(6) a significant 31. The electronic configuration of an element
(c) an increase from 0 to F and then
is 1s2s2p°3s*3ps. What is the atomic
decrease from Nat to Al3* number of the element, which is just below
(d) a decrease from O to F and then the above element in the periodic table?
increase from Na* to Al*. (2003) (a) 33 (b) 34
23. Which of the following order is wrong? (c) 36 (d) 49 (1995)
(a) NH,< PH, < AsH, - acidic
32. Na', Mg?*, A* and Sis* are isoelectronic.
(b) Li< Be < B <C- 1st IP The order of their ionic size is
K,O basic
(c) Al,O <
MgO Na,O
< < -

(a) Nat > Mg2 < Al* < Si**

(d) Lit < Na < Kt < Cs* - ionic radius.
(b) Nat< Mg2* > A13* > Si+
(2002) (c) Nat > Mg* > AS*> S1+
24. Correct order of 1st ionisation potential (d) Nat < Mg2* > AS < Si4 (1993)
among following elements Be, B, C, N, Ois 33. If the atomic number of an element is 33, it
(a) B<Be < C<0 <N will be placed in the periodic table in the
(b) B<Be < C<N < O (a) first group (b) third group
(c) Be <B <C<N<0 (c) fifth group (d) seventh group.
(d) Be < B<C<0<N (2001) (1993)
25. Which statement is wrong?
(a) Bond energy of F, > Cl,
34. In the periodic table from left to right in a
period, the atomic volume
(6) Electronegativity of F > CI (b) increases
(a) decreases
(c) Fis more oxidising than Cl
(c) remains same
(d) Electron affinity of Cl> F (2000) (d) first decrease then increases. (1993)
(1993)

26. Which of the following elements has the an

maximum electron affinity?
35. Which electronic configuration of
element has abnormally high difference
(a) (b) Br between second and third ionization
(c) CI (d) F (1999) energy?
27. The first ionization potentials (eV) of Be (a) 1s, 2s, 2p°, 3s
and B respectively are (b) 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s', 3p
(a) 8.29, 8.29 (b) 9.32, 9.32 (c) 1s, 2s, 2p°, 3s, 3p
(c) 8.29, 9.32 (1993)
(d) 9.32, 8.29 (1998) (d) 1s, 2s, 2p°, 3s
nistry Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
21
rrect 36. One of the characteristic properties of does not belong to the same family as
non-metals is that they others?
(a) are reducing agents (a) [Xe]4f4sd'°4s (b) [Kr|4d°ss
997) (b) form basic oxides (c) [Ne]3s3p (d) [Ar]3d04s2
est in (c) form cations by electron gain (1989)
(d) are electronegative. (1993) 39. In the periodic table, with the increase in
atomic number, the metallic character of
37. Pauling's electronegativity values for an element
996) elements are useful in predicting
(a) decreases in a period and increases in a
allest (a) polarity of the molecules group
(b) position in the E.M.E. series (b) increases in a period and decreases in a
(c) coordination numbers group
996) (c) increases both in a period and the
(d) dipole moments. (1989) group
ment 38. The electronic configuration of four (d) decreases in a period and the group.
omic elements are given below. Which elements (1989)
elow
?
ANSWER KEY
995) 1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (d)5. (a) 6. (a,d) 7. (None) 8. (d)
9. (a) 10. (a) 11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (b) 14. (b) 15. (d) 16. (a,d)
onic.
17. (a) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (a) 21. (a) 22. (b) 23. (b) 24 (a)
25. (a) 26. (c) 27. (d) 28. (b) 29. (d) 30. (a) 31. (a) 32. (c)
33. (c) 34. (d) 35. (d) 36. (d) 37. (a) 38. (c) 39. (a)

993) EXPLANATIONS
33, it
1. (c): As we move across a period, ionisation 6. (a, d) The correct order of increasing
the
enthalpy increases, because of increased nuclear negative electron gain enthalpyis: I< Br < F< C
and the correct order of increasing first ionisation
charge and decrease in atomic radii. However,
oup abnormal values are observed for Be, N and enthalpyis B<C<O<N.
1993) 7. (None) Cations lose electrons and are
Ne due to extra stability of half filled and fully smaller in size than the parent atom, whereas
t in a filled orbitals. Thus, the actual order is,
anions add electrons and are larger in size than the
Li<B< Be <C<0 <N<F< Ne.
parent atom. Hence, the order is H> H>H.
2. (d) For isoelectronic species, the ionic radii
b): In metals, on moving down the group, decreases with increase in atomic number i.e.,
1993)
3 nuclear charge. Hence, the correct orders are
metallic character increases, so basic nature
of an 0 F > Nat and N > Mg* > Al*.
increases hence most acidic will be BeO.
erence 4. (d)
8. (d) Electron gain enthalpy becomes less
zation
5. (a): The electronic configuration of the
negative from top to bottom in a group while it
becomes more negative from left to right within
element with Z = 114 (Flerovium) is a period.
Rn]54 6d07s7p. 9. (a): As positive charge the cation on

Hence, it belongs to carbon family which has increases, effective nuclear charge increases.
the same outer electronic configuration. Thus, atomic size decreases.
(1993)
 22 wtG NEET-AIPMT Chapterwise Solutions Chemistry
10. (a): Na> Nat + e"; AH =5.1 eV The oxidising power, electronegativity and
Na" + e Na; AH = -5.1 eV reactivity decrease in the order
11. (c):S>Cl> K' >Ca2* F>Cl,> Br, >1,
Among isoelectronic species, ionic radii Electron gain enthalpy of halogens follows the
increases with increase in negative charge. This given order:
happens because effective nuclear charge (Z) Cl,> F> Br, > I,
decreases. The low value of electron gain enthalpy
Similarly, ionic radii decreases with increase in (electron enthalpy) of fluorine is probably due
positive charge as Zet increases. to small size of fluorine atom.
12. (b): Cl-atom has the highest electron17. (a): Among isoelectronic ions, ionic radii
affinity in the periodic table. F being a member of anions is more than that of cations. Further
of group 17 has higher electron gain enthalpy
size of the anion increases with increase in
than S which belongs to group 16. This in turn
negative charge and size of the cation decreases
is higher than the electron affinity of O-atom.
with increase in positive charge.
Thus,Cl>F>S>o
Itofisoxygen
worth noting that the electron gain enthalpy 18. (b): The largerthe atomic size, smaller
and fluorine, the members of the is the value of the ionisation enthalpy. Again
second period, have less negative values than higher the screening effect, lesser is the value
the elements sulphur and chlorine of the third of ionisation potential. Hence, option (b) has
period. lowest ionisation enthalpy.
This is due to small size of the atoms of oxygen 19. (a) : In going from left to right across a
and fluorine. As a result, there is a strong inter-
period in the periodic table, the basicity (i.e.,
electronic repulsion when extra electron is
added to these atoms, i.e., electron density is
proton affinity) decreases as the electronegativity
of the atom possessing the lone pair of electrons
high and the addition of an extra electron is not
increases. Hence, basicity of NH, is higher than
easy. F. On moving down a
13. (b): The atomic radii decrease group, as the atomic
on moving
from left to right in a period, thus order of sizes
mass increases, basicity decreases. Hence,F is
more basic than I and HO is more basic than
for Cl, P and Mg is Cl < P < Mg. Down the
HS. Hence, among the
group size increases. Thus, overall order is given ionic species,
Cl< P< Mg< Ca. NH, has maximum proton affinity.
20. (a) : X -X bond: F- F Cl - CI Br - Br I -I
14. (b): The cation to anion size ratio will be Bond dissociation
maximum when the cation is of largest size and
the anion is of smallest size. Among the
given
energy (kcal/mol) 38 57 45.5 35.6
The lower value of bond dissociation
species, Cs" has maximum size among given energy
of fluorine is due to the
cations and F has smallest size among
given high inter-electronic
anions, thus CsF has highest r/r, ratio. repulsion between non-bonding electrons in
the 2p-orbitals of fluorine. As a result F - F
15. (d): Among options (a), (c) and (d),
bond is weaker in comparison to Cl - Cl and
option (d) has the highest ionisation energy
Br - Br bonds.
because of extra stability associated with half-
filled 3p-orbital. In option (b), the presence of3d0 21. (a)
electrons offers shielding effect, as a result the 4p* 22. (b): Amongst isoelectronic ions, ionic
electrons do not experience much nuclear charge radii of anions is more than that of cations.
and hence the electrons can be removed
easily. Further size of the anion increases with increase
16. (a, d) : In case of diatomic molecules
in -ve charge and size of cation decreases with
(X,) of halogens the bond dissociation energy increase in +ve charge. Hence, correct order is
decreases in the order: Cl,> Br >F2 >1, O>F > Na > Mg> AB*.
 Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties 23
23. (b):Li, Be, B, C these elements belong 29. (d): Since all of these ions contain 18
to the same period. Generally the value of electrons each, so these are isoelectronic. For
1st ionisation potential increases in moving isoelectronic ions, smaller the positive charge,
from left to right in a period, since the nuclear greater is the size of the ion.
charge of the elements also increase in the same 30. (a): These are isoelectronic ions (ions with
direction. But the ionisation potential of boron same number of electrons) and for isoelectronic
( B 2 s 2p) is lgwer than that of beryllium ions, greater the positive charge, greater is
(Be25), since in case of boron, 2p' electron on the electrons by the
the force of attraction
has to be removed to get B° while in case of Be nucleus and the smaller is the size of the ion.
(2s) s-electron has to be removed to get Bet Thus, Al* has the smallest size.
(2s). p electron can be removed more easily 31. (a): Atomic no. of given element = 15,
than s electron so the energy required to remove thus it belongs to V A group.
electron will be less in case of boron. The order of the element below the above
Now, atomic no.
will be element = 15 + 18 = 33
Li<B< Be <C. 32. (c):In isoelectronic ions, the size of
24. (a): The energy required to remove the the cation decreases as the magnitude of the
most loosely bound electron from an isolated positive charge increases.
gaseous atom is called the ionisation energy.
The ionisation potential decreases as the size of
33. (c): Electronic configuration of an

element is
the atom decreases. Atoms with fully or partly
filled orbitals have high ionisation potential.
1s2s2p 3s3p°3d04s4p
Hence, it lies in V A or 15h group.
25. (a): Due to more repulsion in between
34. (d): Atomic volume is the volume
non-bonding electron pair (2p) of two fluorines element. Within
(due to small size of F-atom) in comparison to Occupied by one gram of an

a period from left to right, atomic volume first

non-bonding electron pair (3p) in chlorine, the decreases and then increases.
bond energy of F, is less than Cl2
B.E. (F) = 158.5 kJ/mole and 35. (d): Abnormally high difference between
B.E. (Cl) = 242.6 kJ/mole 2nd and 3d ionisation energy means that the
26. (c):Among the halogens the electron element has two valence electrons, which is a
case in configuration (d).
affinity value of 'F should be maximum. But
due to small size the 7-electrons in its valence 36. (d)
shell are much more crowded, so that it feels 37. (a): Pauling introduced the electro
difficulty in entry of new electrons. Thus, the negativity concept. He introduced the idea
E.A. value is slightly lower than chlorine and the that the ionic character of a bond varies with
order is the difference in electronegativity. A large
I< Br<F < Cl. difference in electronegativity leads to a bond
27. (d): Be > 1s2 2s, ,B> 1s2s 2p with high degree of polar character, i.e., the
Dueto stable fully-filled's-orbital arrangement bond is predominantly ionic or vice versa.
of electrons in 'Be atom, more energy i s 3 8 . (c): Elements (a), (b) and (d) belong to
required to remove an electron from the valence the same group since each one of them has two
shell than 'B-atom. Therefore 'Be' has higher electrons in valence shell. In contrast, element
1onisation potential than 'B. (c) has seven electrons in the valence shell, and
28. (b): Positive ion is always smaller and hence it lies in other group.
negative ion is always larger than the parent 39. (a): Metallic character decreases in a
atom. period and increases in a group.