Newton's Laws of Motion

Newton’s Laws of Motion | Formula, Examples and Questions
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Newton’s Laws of Motion are the three fundamental laws given by famous English
physicist Sir Issac Newton. He proposed them to explain the physics of motion of objects
around us. This is an important chapter for the students of class 9 and 11.
What are the Three Laws of Motion?
There are three Laws of Motion by Newton, which are,
 Newton’s First Law of Motion
 Newton’s Second Law of Motion
 Newton’s Third Law of Motion
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Newton's Laws describe the behavior of a particle which may be subject to forces
by its environment.
Newton's First Law: An isolated particle at rest or in motion stays at rest or in

motion with the same velocity.
Newton's Second Law: A particle subject to a force accelerates in the direction of

the force, in proportion to the force, and inversely proportional to its mass. In
mathematical form we write: F=ma, where F is the force exerted on the particle, m
is the mass of the particle, and a is the acceleration of the particle.
(note: this describes the effect of an action by the environment on the object.
Since it includes the possibility of no action as a special case, it can be
understood to generalize the first law. This law introduces the concept of the
intertial mass of an particle which is defined to be a property of the particle.)
Newton's Third Law: Every action (force) has an equal and opposite reaction.
(note: this describes the reciprocal action of two particles upon each other, thus
the action and reaction affect different particles).
Note: Newton's Laws describe respectively the largest scale behavior of an

isolated system, a system in interaction with its environment, and two systems
interacting with each other.
Table of Content
 What are the Three Laws of Motion?
 First Law of Motion Examples
 Second Law of Motion Formula
 Second Law of Motion Examples
 Third Law of Motion Formula
 Examples of Third Law of Motion
 Laws of Motion Numericals
 Questions on Newton’s Laws
Newton’s First Law of Motion

The first law of motion by Newton states that,
“For an object that is in the state of rest or state of motion remains in its state unless and until
an external force is applied to the object.”
 Newton’s First Law of Motion also called the Law of Inertia. It is one of the fundamental
laws of physics that deals with the inertia of any object.
 Inertia is the property of any material that is related to the mass and state of the object.
 For example, suppose we see a man standing on a running bus and if the driver applies the
brake then the man leans forward because his upper body is in a state of motion and no extra
force is applied to it, and the man tends to lean forward.
First Law of Motion Examples

Various examples of Newton’s First Law of Motion observed are,
 Applying acceleration to the car, the passengers lean forward due to the presence of inertia.
Inertia tries to keep the passenger moving. This is the reason why it is recommended to wear
seat belts while traveling by car.
 Roller coaster uses the principle of inertia.
 If we kick a football it eventually stops due to the friction force on the ground, it continues to
move infinitely.
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 A book lying on the table remains at rest as long as no net force acts on it.
 If the branches of the tree are shaken vigorously, the fruits attached to it fall down as they
continue to be in the state of rest and hence the sudden motion detaches the fruits from the
branches and falls on the ground.

Newton’s Second Law of Motion
Newton’s Second Law of Motion states that,
“The rate of change of momentum of an object is proportional to the applied unbalanced force,
in the direction of the force. The rate of change of momentum of an object is proportional to the
applied force.”
Second Law of Motion Formula
Newton’s second law of motion provides a precise explanation of the changes that a force can
make to a body’s motion.
Mathematically it is shown as,
Force ∝ (Change in Momentum) / (Time Taken)
F ∝ d(mv)/dt
F = kd(mv)/dt
F = k{v.dm/dt + m.dv/dt}
As mass is always constant, {dm/dt = 0}
F = km.dv/dt
Experimentally, k = 1
F = m.dv/dt
we know that, dv/dt = a
F = ma
where,
 F is the Force Applied
 m is the Mass of Object
 a is the Acceleration of Object
Second Law of Motion Examples

Various examples of Newton’s Second Law are:
 Catching a ball on the cricket field by a fielder is the best example of Newton’s second law
of motion. When the fielder catches the ball it moves its hands backward to increase the time
of the catch resulting in lowering the force by the ball.
 Airbags in a car increase the impact time of the accident and then reduce the impact of the
accident, etc.
Newton’s Third Law of Motion

Newton’s Third Law of Motion states that,
“For a pair of bodies every action has its equal and opposite reaction.”
Third Law of Motion Formula
This law is also explained as, when an object A applies a force of F 1 on object B then B applies a
force of F2 on the object such that,
F1 = -F2
Third Law of Motion by Newton is also called the Law of Action and Reaction.
Examples of Third Law of Motion
Various examples of Newton’s Third Law of Motion observed are,
 Recoil of the gun when a bullet is fired is an example of Newton’s Third Law of Motion.
 The launching of the rocket is also an example of the Third Law of Motion.
Laws of Motion Numericals

Here are some numericals on Newton’s Laws of Motion for you to practice and learn.
1. Find out how much net force will be needed to accelerate a 2500 kg truck at 5.50 m/s2.
Solution:
Given,
 Acceleration (a) = 5.50 m/s2
 Mass of the Truck (m)= 2500 kg
Hence,
Force = Mass × Acceleration
F = 2500 × 5.5
F = 13750 N
Net force will be needed to accelerate a 2500 kg truck at 5.50 m/s2 is 13750 N.
2. What will happen if a net force of 6 N is applied on 0.5 kg object? Calculate the
acceleration of the material.
Solution:
Given,
 Force (F) = 6 N
 Mass (m) = 0.5 kg
Acceleration (a) =?
Force = Mass × Acceleration
F=m×a
a = F/m
a = 6/0.5
a = 12 m/s2
The acceleration of the object is 12 m/s2
3. If a racing car driver is on the race track in order to overtake accelerates his racing car
first at the rate of 8 m/s2 and then at the rate of 16 m/s2. Find the ratio of the forces exerted
by the engine for the acceleration change.
Solution:
Given,
 a1 = 8 m/s2
 a2 = 16 m/s2
We have to find the ratio of F1/F2
F1/F2 = ma1/ma2
Mass of the racing car is same in both the cases,
F1/F2 = a1/a2
F1/F2 = 8/16
F1/F2 = 1/2 = 1:2
4. When a bullet of mass 20 gm is shot from a gun that has an initial velocity of 40 m/s the
mass of the gun is 5 kg. What is the initial recoil velocity of the gun?
Solution:
Given,
 Mass of Bullet (m1) = 20 gm or 0.02 kg
 Mass of Gun (m2) = 5 kg
 Initial velocity = 40 m/s
Let final velocity is v m/s
By Law of Conservation of Momentum,
0 = 0.02 × 40 + 5 × v
5 × v = -0.8
v = -0.8 / 5
v = -0.16 m/s
Questions on Newton’s Laws
Here are some practice problems on Newton’s Laws of Motion for you to solve:
Problem 1: A book is placed on a table. Describe what happens to the book when:
a) No force is applied to it.
b) A gentle horizontal force is applied to the book.
c) A vertical force is applied to the book.
Problem 2: An object with a mass of 5 kg is subjected to a net force of 20 N. Calculate the
acceleration of the object.
Problem 3: Two ice skaters, one with a mass of 60 kg and the other with a mass of 80 kg, push
off each other on an ice rink. If the 60 kg skater exerts a force of 200 N on the 80 kg skater, what
force does the 80 kg skater exert on the 60 kg skater?
Laws of Motion – FAQs
Who discovered 3 laws of Motion?
The 3 laws of Motion were discovered by Sir Issac Newton.

What are Newton’s Laws of Motion?
Netwon’s Laws of Motion in physcis are the fundamental laws of Physcis that are given by
famous English scientist, Sir Issac Newton. There are three laws under Newton’s Law of Motion,
that are,
All three laws are explained in detail in the article above.
What is Newton’s First Law of Motion?
Newton’s First Law of Motion is also called the Law of Inertia. It states that, “An object at the
states of rest or motion states in its state of rest or motion until a force is applied to it.”
What is Newton’s Second Law of Motion?
Newton’s Second Law of Motion states that, “Rate of change of momentum is the force applied
to the object.”
What is Newton’s Third Law of Motion?
Newton’s Third Law of Motion also called the Law of Action and Reaction as it states that,
“Every action has its equal and opposite reaction.”
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Newton's Second Law of Motion: Definition, Formula, Derivation, and Applications
Newton’s Second Law of Motion says that for an object under the influence of unbalanced
forces, the acceleration of the object is directly proportional to the force applied. In this article,
we will learn about the Second law of motion by Newton, including its definition, example,
formula, derivation, and applications. We will also explore some num
Newton's Third Law of Motion
Newton's Third Law of Motion states that a given pair of bodies every action has equal and
opposite reaction. Newton's Third Law of Motion is one of the basic laws of physics and is very
useful in various aspects. Newton's Third Law represents a specific symmetry in the nature of
forces and explains how they always exist in pairs, and one body can
Newton's First Law of Motion

Newton's First Law of Motion: Newton’s First Law of Motion states that a body always opposes
its change in the state of motion. Newton's Laws of Motion were first proposed by Sir Isaac
Newton in the late 17th century. Newton's First Law of Motion finds its importance in various
other laws and it is one of the fundamental laws of physics. It also fi
14 min read
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on a Highway: Imagine a car traveling on a straight highway at a constant speed of 60 miles per
hour (mph). In this case, the car is in uniform motion because it covers the same distance in
equal intervals of time. Each hour, it travels 60 miles, and the speed r
Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion
Kepler's law of planetary motion is the basic law that is used to define the motion of planets
around the stars. These laws work in parallel with Newton's Law and

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Newton’s Laws of Motion | Formula, Examples and Questions

Newton’s Laws of Motion

Newton's First Law: An isolated particle at rest or in motion stays at rest or in

Newton's Second Law: A particle subject to a force accelerates in the direction of

Note: Newton's Laws describe respectively the largest scale behavior of an

Newton’s First Law of Motion

First Law of Motion Examples

Second Law of Motion Examples

Newton’s Third Law of Motion

Laws of Motion Numericals

Who discovered 3 laws of Motion?

The 3 laws of Motion were discovered by Sir Issac Newton.

Newton's Second Law of Motion: Definition, Formula, Derivation, and Applications

Newton's Third Law of Motion

Newton's First Law of Motion

Write Examples of Uniform Motion and Non Uniform Motion

Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion

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