CBSE Test Paper 01 Chapter 2 Units and Measurements

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 8

CBSE Test Paper 01

Chapter 2 Units and Measurements

1. The number of significant digits in 6.320 J is 1

a. 6
b. 4
c. 3
d. 5

2. Newton is the SI unit of 1

a. acceleration
b. work
c. power
d. force

3. The dimensions of Kinetic energy is same as that of 1

a. Pressure
b. Work
c. Momentum
d. Force

4. A new unit of length is chosen such that the speed of light in vacuum is unity. What is
the distance between the Sun and the Earth in terms of the new unit if light takes 8
min and 20 s to cover this distance? 1

a. 500
b. 450
c. 600
d. 550

5. The number of significant digits in 0.0006032 is 1

a. 4

1/8
b. 6
c. 5
d. 3

6. Define S.I. unit of solid angle? 1

7. How many light years make 1 parsec? 1

8. Is it Possible to have length and velocity both as fundamental quantities? Why? 1

9. The principle of 'parallax' in section 2.3.1 is used in the determination of distances of


very distant stars. The baseline AB is the line joining the Earth's two locations six
months apart in its orbit around the Sun. That is, the baseline is about the diameter of
the Earth's orbit = . However, even the nearest stars are so distant that
with such a long baseline, they show parallax only of the order of 1" (second) of arc or
so. A parsec is a convenient unit of length on the astronomical scale. It is the distance
of an object that will show a parallax of 1" (second) of arc from opposite ends of a
baseline equal to the distance from the Earth to the Sun. How much is a parsec in
terms of meters? 2

10. The resistance R is the ratio of potential difference V and current I. What is the
percentage error in R if V is (100 ± 5) V and I is (10 ± 2) A? 2

11. The Sun's angular diameter is measured to be 1920". The distance r of the sun from

the earth is 1.496 1011 m. What is the diameter of the Sun? 2

12. A great physicist of this century (P.A.M. Dirac) loved playing with numerical values of
Fundamental constants of nature. This led him to an interesting observation. Dirac
found that from the basic constants of atomic physics (c, e, mass of electron, mass of
proton) and the gravitational constant G, he could arrive at a number with the
dimension of time. Further, it was a very large number, its magnitude being close to
the present estimate on the age of the universe (15 billion years). From the table of
fundamental constants in this book, try to see if you too can construct this number (or
any other interesting number you can think of). If its coincidence with the age of the
universe were significant, what would this imply for the constancy of fundamental
constants? 3

2/8
13. The farthest objects in our Universe discovered by modern astronomers are so distant
that light emitted by them takes billions of years to reach the Earth. These objects
(known as quasars) have many puzzling features, which have not yet been
satisfactorily explained. What is the distance in km of a quasar from which light takes
3.0 billion years to reach us? 3

14. A book with many printing errors contains four different formulas for the
displacement y of a particle undergoing a certain periodic motion:
(a = maximum displacement of the particle, v = speed of the particle. T = time-period
of motion). Rule out the wrong formulas on dimensional grounds. 3

i.
ii. y = a sin vt
iii.
iv.

15. The diameter of a wire as measured by a screw found to be 1.328,1.330,1.325,


1.326,1.334 and 1.336 cm. Calculate 5

i. mean value of diameter


ii. absolute error in each measurement
iii. mean absolute error
iv. fractional error
v. percentage error
vi. diameter of wire.

3/8
CBSE Test Paper 01
Chapter 2 Units and Measurements

Answer

1. b. 4
Explanation: There are three rules on determining how many significant
figures are in a number:

Non-zero digits are always significant.


Any zeros between two significant digits are significant.
A final zero or trailing zeros in the decimal portion ONLY are significant.

So keeping these rules in mind, there are 4 significant digit.

2. d. force
Explanation: The newton is the SI unit for force; it is equal to the amount of net
force required to accelerate a mass of one kilogram at a rate of one meter per
second squared.

3. b. Work
Explanation: Work

4. a. 500
Explanation: Distance between the Sun and the Earth = Speed of light Time
taken by light to cover the distance
Given that in the new unit,
speed of light = 1 unit
Time taken, t = 8 min 20 s = 500 s Distance between the Sun and the Earth = 1 x
500 = 500 units

5. a. 4
Explanation: There are three rules on determining how many significant
figures are in a number:

Non-zero digits are always significant.

4/8
Any zeros between two significant digits are significant.
A final zero or trailing zeros in the decimal portion ONLY are significant.

So keeping these rules in mind, there are 4 significant digit.

6. One steradian is defined as the angle made by a spherical plane of area 1 square
meter at the centre of a sphere of radius 1m.

7. One parsec is equal to about 3.26 light years.

8. No, since length is fundamental quantity and velocity is the derived quantity and is
derived from length and time.

9. Diameter of Earth's orbit


Radius of Earth's orbit,
Let the distance parallax angle be
Let the distance of the star be D.
Parsec is defined as the distance at which the average radius of the Earth's orbit
subtends an angle of 1".
We have

Hence, 1 parsec

10. Percentage error =

= ±25%

11. It is given that angular diameter, = 1920" and distance of the sun from earth, r

=1.496 1011 m.
Now let the diameter of sun = d meters

= 9.31 10-3 rad


Since, d = r
Therefore, d =

5/8
Thus, the diameter of the sun is 1.39 109 m

12. Paul Dirac was a British theoretical physicist who made fundamental contributions to
the development of quantum mechanics, quantum field theory and quantum
electrodynamics, and is particularly known for his attempts to unify the theories of
quantum mechanics and relativity theory.
One relation consists of some fundamental constants that give the age of the Universe
by:

Where,
t = Age of Universe
e = Charge of electrons =
= Absolute permittivity
mp = Mass of protons = kg

me = Mass of electrons = kg

c = Speed of light = m/s


G = Universal gravitational constant

Also, Nm2/C2
Substituting these values in the equation, we get

years
= 6 billion years
(which is the approximate age of our universe)

13. Time taken by a quasar light to reach Earth = 3 billion years

years [since, 1 billion = 109]


[since 1 year = 365 days = 365 24 60 60
sec]
We know that, speed of light = m/s

6/8
Now, distance between the Earth and a quasar (using the formula, distance = speed of
light × time taken by the light to reach the earth)

m
km
This is the required distance between earth and a quasar.

14. a. Correct

Dimension of y = M0L1T0

Dimension of a = M0L1T0
Dimension of
Dimension of L.H.S = Dimension of R.H.S
Hence, the given formula is dimensionally correct.
b. Incorrect
y = a sin vt

Dimension of y = M0L1T0

Dimension of a = M0L-1T0
Dimension of vt =
But the argument of the trigonometric function must be dimensionless, which is
not so in the given case. Hence, the given formula is dimensionally incorrect.
c. Incorrect

Dimension of y = M0L1T0
Dimension of
Dimension of
But the argument of the trigonometric function must be dimensionless, which is
not so in the given case. Hence, the formula is dimensionally incorrect.
d. Correct

Dimension of y = M0L1T0

Dimension of a = M0L1T0

7/8
Dimension of
Since the argument of the trigonometric function must be dimensionless (which is
true in the given case), the dimensions of y and a are the same. Hence, the given
formula is dimensionally correct.
15. i. Mean Value of diameter
Dmean = =

= 1.3298 = 1.330 cm
ii. Absolute Error in different observations are
D1 = Dmean - d1 = =0.002 cm

D2 = Dmean - d2 = = 0 cm

D3 = Dmean - d3 = = + 0.005 cm

D4 = Dmean - d4 = = 0.004 cm

D5 = Dmean - d5 = = - 0.004 cm

D6 = Dmean - d6 = = - 0.006 cm

iii. Mean absolute error

= 0.0035 = 0.004 cm
iv. Fractional Error = = ±0.003 cm
v. Percentage Error = 100 = ±0.003 100% = ±0.3%
vi. Diameter of wire = (1.330 ± 0.003) cm
or D = 1.330 cm ± 0.3 %

8/8

You might also like