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Question:
Two cars that are 600 km apart are moving towards each other. Their speeds differ
by 6 km per hour and the cars are 123 km apart after
4
1
2
4
2
1
hours. Find the speed of each car.
Difficulty: Easy
Solution:
Let the speed of the two cars be

𝑥
x and
𝑦
y km/h.
According to the given conditions:
The speed of the two cars differ by 6 km/h
𝑥
−
𝑦
=
6
.
.
.
(
1
)
x−y=6... (1)
We know that, Distace Covered

=
= Speed
×
× Time.
Distance Covered by Car with

𝑥
x Speed
=
𝑥
×
4
1
2
=
4
1
2
𝑥
=x×4
2
1
=4
2
1
Distance Covered by Car with

𝑦
y Speed
=
𝑦
×
4
1
2
=
4
1
2
𝑦
=y×4
2
1
=4
2
1
Total Distance Covered by Both Cars

=
600
−
123
=
477
=600−123=477
Hence
4
1
2
𝑥
+
4
1
2
𝑦
=
477
4
2
1
x+4
2
1
y=477
9
2
𝑥
+
9
2
𝑦
=
477
2
9
x+
2
9
y=477
9
2
(
𝑥
+
𝑦
)
=
477
2
9
(x+y)=477
𝑥
+
𝑦
=
477
×
2
9
x+y=
9
477×2
𝑥
+
𝑦
=
954
9
x+y=
9
954
𝑥
+
𝑦
=
106
.
.
.
(
2
)
x+y=106... (2)
Method 1: Matrix Inversion Method
Write the linear equations

(
1
)
(1) and
(
2
)
(2) in matrix form.
𝐴
𝑋
=
𝐵
AX=B
[
1
−
1
1
1
]
[
𝑥
𝑦
]
[
1
1
−1
1
][
x
y
] =
[
6
106
]
[
6
106
According to matrix inversion method, solution

𝑋
X can be found by the following formula:
𝑋
=
𝐴
−
1
𝐵
X=A
−1
B
∣
A
∣
=
∣
1
−
1
1
1
∣
=
1
×
1
−
1
×
(
−
1
)
=
1
+
1
=
2
0
∣A∣=
1
1
−1
1
=1×1−1×(−1)=1+1=2 = 0
The coefficient matrix

𝐴
A is non-singular therefore
𝐴
−
1
A
−1
exists.
[
𝑥
𝑦
]
[
x
y
] =
A
−
1
[
6
106
]
A
−1
[
6
106
]
=
1
∣
A
∣
𝐴
𝑑
𝑗
A
[
6
106
]
∣A∣
1
Adj A[
6
106
=
1
2
[
1
1
−
1
1
]
[
6
106
]
2
1
[
1
−1
1
1
][
6
106
=
1
2
[
1
×
6
+
1
×
106
−
1
×
6
+
1
×
106
]
2
1
[
1 ×6+1×106
−1 ×6+1×106
=
1
2
[
6
+
106
−
6
+
106
]
2
1
[
6+106
−6+106
=
1
2
[
112
100
]
2
1
[
112
100
[
𝑥
𝑦
]
[
x
y
]=
[
56
50
]
[
56
50
Therefore
𝑥
=
56
x=56 and
𝑦
=
50
y=50
Hence the speed of the two cars is 56 km/h and 50 km/h respectively.
Method 2: Cramer’s Rule
Write the linear equations

(
1
)
(1) and
(
2
)
(2) in matrix form.
𝐴
𝑋
=
𝐵
AX=B
[
1
−
1
1
1
]
[
𝑥
𝑦
]
[
1
1
−1
1
][
x
y
] =
[
6
106
]
[
6
106
According to Cramer's Rule:
𝑥
=
∣
𝐴
𝑥
∣
∣
𝐴
∣
x=
∣A∣
∣A
x
𝑦
=
∣
𝐴
𝑦
∣
∣
𝐴
∣
y=
∣A∣
∣A
y
∣
A
∣
=
∣
1
−
1
1
1
∣
=
1
×
1
−
1
×
(
−
1
)
=
1
+
1
=
2
0
∣A∣=
1
1
−1
1
=1×1−1×(−1)=1+1=2 = 0
The coefficient matrix
𝐴
A is non-singular therefore solution exists.
For
𝐴
𝑥
A
x
, the
𝑥
x column is replaced with the constant column
𝐵
B
𝐴
𝑥
=
[
6
−
1
106
1
]
A
x
=[
6
106
−1
1
∣
𝐴
𝑥
∣
=
∣
6
−
1
106
1
∣
=
6
×
1
−
(
−
1
)
×
(
106
)
=
6
+
106
=
112
∣A
x
∣=
6
106
−1
1
=6 ×1−(−1) ×(106)=6+106=112
𝑥
=
∣
𝐴
𝑥
∣
∣
𝐴
∣
=
112
2
=
56
x=
∣A∣
∣A
x
=
2
112
=56
For
𝐴
𝑦
A
y
, the
𝑦
y column is replaced with the constant column
𝐵
B
𝐴
𝑦
=
[
1
6
1
106
]
A
y
=[
1
1
6
106
∣
𝐴
𝑦
∣
=
∣
1
6
1
106
∣
=
1
×
106
−
6
×
1
=
106
−
6
=
100
∣A
y
∣=
1
1
6
106
=1 ×106−6 ×1=106−6=100
𝑦
=
∣
𝐴
𝑦
∣
∣
𝐴
∣
=
100
2
=
50
y=
∣A∣
∣A
y
=
2
100
=50
Hence the speed of the two cars is 56 km/h and 50 km/h respectively.

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Question:

hours. Find the speed of each car.

Let the speed of the two cars be

According to the given conditions:

The speed of the two cars differ by 6 km/h

We know that, Distace Covered

Distance Covered by Car with

Distance Covered by Car with

Total Distance Covered by Both Cars

Method 1: Matrix Inversion Method

Write the linear equations

According to matrix inversion method, solution

The coefficient matrix

Method 2: Cramer’s Rule

Write the linear equations

According to Cramer's Rule:

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