Control number: 11520520

1.- A reinforced concrete pile with a square section of 40x40 cm was driven through a 20cm thick
deposit of loose sand and soft clay, penetrating into a stratum of compact sand, a length of 75cm
at the water level, located on the surface of the land. The submerged volumetric weight of the
loose sand stratum interspersed with soft clay can be estimated at 0.72tn/m3 and the angle Ø of
the compact area at 35°.

Calculate the capacity per pile point, using Terzaghi theory

Solution:

Diagram

NAF

According to Terzaghi's theory

CH q c =CNc+ϒD f Nq+1/2βϒNr

20m Yes

ϒm=0.72 tn/s3

A=0.16

q 0.4m

0.75m Ø=35° ww

S=compact 0.40 0.4m

Si Ø=35 ° entonces Nq=45 , Nγ =40

2 2 2
Areadel pilote=L =(0.4) =0.16 m
3
Haciendo ∑ γDf =20 m ( 0.72 )+ 0.75 ( 0.72 )=14.94 t /m

Because it is a frictional soil C=0

qc=CNc +14.94 ( 43 ) +1 /2 ( 0.4 )( 0.72 )( 40 )

qc=642.42+ 0.2(28.8)
2
qc=648.18 t /m
2 2
qc=648.18 t /m (0.16 m )

qc=103,7088 t
For section L=40cm

H=(0.4)(16)(4 SIDES)=25.6m2

Qc=5.546tn/m2(25.6m2)=141.977tn

For section L=50cm

H=(0.5)(16)(4 SIDES)=32m2

Qc=5.546tn/m2(32m2)=117.472tn

qc 141.9776
qadm= = =47.32 tn
3 3

qc
qad= = 59.1573tn
3

taking Ø when the NAF is on the surface

σ =0.65 ( 16 ) =10.4 tn /m3

Ø=41.25°

Calculate the point load capacity of the pile referred to in problem 1 but assuming that it
penetrates a stratum of loose sand ( Ø=30 ° ¿

NAF

According to Terzaghi's theory

CH q c =CNc+ϒD f Nq+1/2βϒNr

20m Yes

ϒm=0.72 tn/s3

0.75m Ø=35°

S=compact 0.40
Solution.

According to the Terzaghi theory

Si Ø=30 ° entonces Nq=8.0 , Nγ=7.0

3
Haciendo ∑ γDf =20 m ( 0.72 )+ 0.75 ( 0.72 )=14.94 t /m

Because it is a frictional soil C=0

qc=14.94 ( 43 ) +1/2 ( 8 ) ( 0.72 ) ( 7 )

2
qc=120.528 t /m

Distributor in the area

2 2
qc=120.528 t / m (0.16 m )

qc=19.2844 t
3.-A friction pile with a square section and a side of 40 cm embedded in a soil whose profile shows
3 strata. The first from 0 to 10 m is a purely cohesive soil with c =5t/m 2 andγm=1.8 t /m 3 . The
second is a layer of very loose sand with Ø=28 ° andγm=1.5 t /m 2 its depth from 10 to 15 m.
From 15 m down in indefinite thickness for calculation purposes, there is another layer of clay that
can be considered purely cohesive with c=6 t /m2 andγm =1.75 t /m3 . Assuming that the NAF is at
the ground surface, estimate the load capacity of the 35 m long pile assuming that the three strata
work simultaneously.

0m NAF

Purely

Cohesive

ϒm=1.8 tn/s3

10m

Ø =28°

ϒm=1.5 tn/s3

5m

ϒm=1.75 tn/s3 q

35m

Ai we have that the load capacity of the pile by friction is:

Qf=Asfa

Qf=Ffr x Alateral

As=area of the pile

a) For the 1st stratum it will be

C=5tn/m2 It is a cohesive soil.

ϒm=1.8 tn/s3 Ø =0°

Fa= 3.75 tn/s2

H=perimeter=bxhx4sides=0.4(10)(4)=16m2
Qf 1=3.75 tn/s2 x 16m2 = 60tn

b) For stratum 2

Ø =28° c=0 z=5m

δfr =o .4 (5)(0.5)tan ⁡(18.66)

δfr =0.33782 t/m 2

Al=( 0.4 )( 5 ) ( 4 )=8 m2

Qf 2=8 m(0.337 .82 t/m 2)=¿ 2.7025tn

c) third stratum

Cohesion Ø =0°

C=6t/m2

ϒm=1.75
Al=( 0.4 )( 20 )( 4 )=32 m 2

fa=4.0 tn /m2

Qf 3= ( 4.0t
m2 )
(32 m 2)=¿ 128tn

The sum of the load capacities for the pile

Qf 1+Qf 2+ Qf 3

60tn+128tn+2.7025tn=190.7025tn
 4.- A concrete pile that works by friction, with a square section and 40 cm on a side, was driven
into a soil whose profile is made up of three strata. The first from 0 to 10 m depth in a material
whose resistance parameters can be considered c = 1tn/m 2 and Ø = 32 °, its ϒ m = 1.7 ton/m 3 . The
second stratum, which ranges from 10 to 20 m deep, is purely cohesive, with c = 5 ton/m 2 and ϒ m
= 1.8 ton/m 3 . The third layer develops from 20 to 40 m deep and is purely frictional, with Ø = 35 °
and ϒ m = 1.6 ton/m 3 . If the pile is 25 m long and the groundwater level is 5 m deep, estimate the
work load capacity that can be considered for said pile.

c = 1tn/m 2 Solution:

Ø = 32 °ϒ m = 1.7 ton/m 3 Taking into account that:

10Qf =faAL

c = 5 ton/m 2 Stratum 1

ϒ m = 1.8 ton/m 3 Cohesive-frictional soil

20 For its cohesion:

ton 2
25Ø = 35° fa=0.875 2
Al=0.4 ( 10 ) ( 4 )=16 m
m

ton
ϒ m = 1.6 ton/m 3 0.4m Qf =0.875 2
( 16 m2) =14 ton2
m m

For friction:

Does not affect NAF

❑
40 f fr =k 0 ϒ z tan∫ ❑ A c=0.4 ( 5 m )( 4 ) =8 m
2

❑ 3
∫ ❑= 23 ( 32° )=21.33 ϒ m=1.7 ton
m
z=5 k 0=0.48
❑

f fr =0.48 ( 1.7 )( 5 ) log ( 21.33 )

ton
f fr =1.66 2
m

ton 2
Qc =1.66 3
(8 m )=13.25 ton
m
 ton
ϒ ´ m =0.76 3
m

ton
f fr =0.48 ( 0.76 ) (5 ) tg ( 21.33 )=0.65 2
m

ton
Q c =0.65 2
( 8 m2 )=5.2 ton
m

Qc =5.2 ton+13.25 ton=18.45 ton

∑ Qc =del suelo por cohesion−friccion

∑ Qc =14 ton+18.45 ton=32 ton

B) Stratum 2

It is a cohesive soil

C= 5 ton/m 2

ϒ m =1.8 ton/m 3

F a =3.75 ton/m 2

Q cb= 3.75 A L

Q cb= 60 ton

C) stratum 3
❑
Frictional floor f fr =k 0 ϒ z tan ∫ ❑
❑

❑ 3
Ø= 35° ∫ ❑= 23 ( 35 ° )=23.33 ϒ m =1.6 ton
m
z=5 k 0 =0.5
❑

ϒ m =1.6 ton/m 3

A L =(0.4)(5m)(4)=8 m 2

ton
ϒ ´ m =0.6 3
m
C r =0.9 dense soil C r =0.6 medium dense C r =0.3 loose soil

0.64 ton
f fr =0.5 ( 0.6 ) (5 ) tan ( 23.33 )= 2
m
2 2
Qc =0.64 ton/m (8 m )=5.1762ton

Qct =Qc 1 +Qc 2+Q c3

Qct =32 ton + 60 ton + 5.1762 ton = 97.17 ton

5.- applying the expression f s = Kϒ z tanδ , calculate the friction load capacity of concrete piles,
with a square section of 40 cm and 50 cm on each side, which will be driven into a stratum of very
fine sand with ϒ m =1.65 ton/m 3 and with a number of blows medium in standard penetration test
of 35. Consider the NAF at a depth of 16 m, coincident with the ground surface. Use a fs= 3

Data:
❑
f s=k 0 ϒ z tan∫ ❑Q c = ?B= 0.4 mB = 0.5 m
❑

ϒ m =1.65 ton/m 3 N = 35 blows Fs = 3

Solution:

It is a frictional soil C = 0

N= 15 +1/2(35-15)

Ø will be when the NAF interpolates c r and Ø

crØ

y−33 30−35
63 33 =
60−63 35−63

y−35 1
35 30 = =1
−5 6

60 and Y =1

For the D

D=1.65(16m)= 26.4 ton/m 2 . where the intercept gives a c r =60%

 ❑
f s=k 0 ϒ z tan∫ ❑ k 0 =0.5
❑

2
f s=0.5 ( 1.65 )( 16 )( 22.77 ) δ= ( 34.16 )=22.77
3

ton
f s=5.54 2
m

6.- calculate the load capacity of a circular tip pile, which penetrates 5 times its diameter into a
very hard clay stratum (C = 20 and ton/m 2 ) located 15 m deep and overlain by a mantle of white
clay (ϒ m =1.5 ton/m 3 ). The NAF is located at a depth much greater than that involved in the
problem. Use the Skempton and Meyerhof theories and in both cases the FS of 3. The side of the
pile is 50 cm.

Solution:

Data: circular tip pile diameter = 0.5 m FS =3 Qc=? Qadm=?

Since it is a cohesive soil Ø=0

Area= π r 2

Area= π (0.25)2=0.1963 m2

A) Solution by Skempton's theory

D
q c =CNc +γDf Nc= D=5 ( 0.5 ) =2.5 m
B

∑ γDf =1.5 ( 15 ) +1.5 ( 2.5 )

ton D 2.5
γDf =26.25 = =5 Nc=9
m B 0.5
2

ton ton ton

q c =20 2
( 9 )+ 26.25 2 =206.25 2
m m m

CNc
q adm = + γDf
f .s

180 ton
q adm= +26.25=86.25 2
3 m

ton
q adm =86.25 2
( 0.1963 m2 ) =16.930 ton
m

B) Solution by Meyerhof theory

q c =CN ´ c+ DfN ´ q Ø =0 °

q c =CN ´ c

ton
q c =20 ( 9 )=180 2
m

180 ton
q adm= =60 2
3 m

ton
q adm =60 2
( 0.1963 m2 ) =11.778 ton ≅ 12 ton
m
 Calculate the admissible load capacity of a continuous footing 2m wide, which will be
planted 2.2m deep in the ground with 1.4 tn/m³ volumetric weight in its natural state and
with resistance parameters c=2 tn/m², ᴓ = 25° the water table is 4.5 m deep. Consider a
safety factor of 3.
2m
2m

2m

ɣ= 1.4 tn/m³

2.2 m
4.5 m

NAF

c= 2
ɣ=1.4 t/m³ ᴓ= 25°

Solution:

qc= ( Nc+ ɣ Df Nq + ½ ɣ BN ɣ)

With ᴓ= 25° we obtain

Nc= 24

Nq= 12

Nɣ= 10

Applying the formula:

qc= (2 t/m²) (24) + (1.4t/m³)(2.2m) (12) + ½ (1.4t/m²) (2m) (10)

qc= 98.96 t/m²

qc
qadm=
fs

98.96 t /m²
qadm=
3

qadm= 32,987 t/m² = 33 t/m²

Calculate the load capacity of the footing in problem No. 1, but assuming that the water table is
0.8 m deep.

2m
2m

2m

?m= 1.4 t/m³

? 0.8 m
NAF
2.2 m
C= 2 t/m²
? = 25°

Solution:

qc= ( Nc+ ɣ Df Nq + ½ ɣ BN ɣ)

With ᴓ= 25° we obtain

Nc= 24

Nq= 12
Nɣ= 10

Applying formula:

qc= (2 t/m²) (24) + [(1.4t/m³)(0.8m)+(1.4t/m²-1t/m²)(1.4m)] (12) + ½ (1.4t/m²) (2m) (10)

qc= 72.16 t/m²

qc
qadm=
fs

72.16 t/m ²
qadm=
3

qadm= 24,053 t/m²

8.- a structure must be founded on friction piles, embedded in clay (c = 0.4 kg/cm 2 , ,γ m=¿¿
1.5 t/m3 ), constitutes a stratum 30m thick. It is desired that 15% of the total thickness of
the aforementioned layer remain under the tip of the piles. Provide the capacity of
individual piles (fs=2); circular and square, 30 and 40 cm side or diameter. Also calculate
the settlement under the piled area, assuming that the load applied to 2/3 of the pile post
is considered, that the total load is 645 tn and that the footing that joins the head of the
piles is 4 x 13 m. . Assume that the stress is distributed with depth according to a law of
inclination at 60° with the horizontal and that in the compressible soil Av=0.025 m2 /tn .

CH 25.50m
30m c = 0.4 kg/cm 2

γ m=¿¿ 1.5 t/m 3

15%

Solution:

Determining the thickness below the pile

30 x .15=25.50 m

30−25.50=4.50 mde espesor

For a square section L=0.4m

Av=0.4 ( 4 ) ( 25.5 )=40.8 m2 c = 0.4 kg/cm 2 =4 tn /m 2≫ fa=3.5 tn /m 2

QC =fa x Av

QC =3.5 x 40.8=142.81tn

QC
q adm =
F .S

142.81
q adm = =71.4 tn
2

For a square section L= 0.30m

Av=0.3 ( 4 ) ( 25.5 )=30.6 m 2 c = 0.4 kg/cm 2 =4 tn /m 2≫ fa=3.5 tn /m 2

QC =fa x Av

QC =3.5 x 30.6=107.1 tn

QC
q adm =
F .S

107.1
q adm= =53.55 tn
2

For circular sections (0.40m)

Qf =fa x Av

fa=3.5 tn /m 2

A=πDL=π ( 0.4 )( 25.5 )=32.04 m 2

Qf =3.5 x 32.04 =112.14 tons

QC
q adm=
F .S

112.14
q adm = =56.07 tn
2

For circular sections (0.30m)

Qf =fa x Av

fa=3.5 tn /m 2

A=πDL=π ( 0.3 ) ( 25.5 )=24.03 m 2

Qf =3.5 x 24.03 =84,105 tons

QC
q adm=
F .S

84.105
q adm = =42.05 tn
2

9.- it is desired to foundation a structure on pointed piles, which must penetrate as

necessary into a resistant stratum made up of sand ( ∅ =33 ° , γ m=1.7 tn /m3 ¿ Above this
stratum there is a formation of soft clay ( γ m=1.5 tn/m3 ) the piles will be square, 30 cm on
each side. Estimate its carrying capacity with fs= 3 using Meyerhof theory.

3
γ m=1.5 tn/m

CH

Soft
 D’ ∅ =33 °

3
Penetrates γ m=1.5 tn/m

Meyerhof theory on tip piles

q c =C Nc+¿ γD Nq

q c =γD Nq

∅
D ’=4 B tan ⁡(45 ° + )
2

33
D ’=4 (0.30)tan ⁡(45 ° + )
2

D ’=2.210

∅ =33 ° ; Nq=100 °
2 2
A=0.30 =0.09 m

Qc
q adm = XA
B

q adm=148 tn

148 2
Qc= X 0.30=493.33 tn /m
0.09

Substituting Qc

q c =( 1.5 ) ( z+ 2.210 ) (100)

2
493.33 tn /m =(150 z +331.5)

Z=30.67m thickness of soft clay

Z=32.87m thickness of clay and sand

❑
∑
❑
γDf =( 30.67 )( 1.5 )+ (2.210 )( 1.7 )=49.76 tn/m
2

q c =γD Nq
 2 2
q c =49.76 tn/m (100)=4976.53 tn /m

4976.53 2
q adm= =1658.84 tn /m
3
2
q c =1658.84 x 0.09=149.3 tn /m

10.- a 4m diameter cylinder is going to be driven into a channel formed by a deposit of

fine sand 3 m thick, under which another deposit of soft clay, 9 meters thick, is penetrated
(γ m=1.6 tn/m3 ), beneath the clay layer appears another layer of relatively compact sand (
∅ =36 ° , γ m=2 tn/m3 ¿ , into which the cylinder penetrated 5m. The NAF is located 1m deep
below the channel surface and it is known that the combination of general and local scour
at the foundation site can reach a depth of 8.40m. Provide the load capacity of the
cylinder by the methods of Terzaghi and Meyerhof, using fs= 3.

NAF 1m fine sand

3m

CH

soft
3
γ m=1.6 tn/m 8.40m
 9m 3.6m

compacted sand 5m penetration

∅ =36 °
3
γ m=2 tn /m

Solution

Terzaghi proposes for circular foundations

1
q c = C Nc+¿ γDF Nq+0.6 γR Nγ
3

∅ =36 ° ; Nq=47 °; Nγ=48 °

❑
∑
❑
γDf =( 3.6 )( 1.6−1 ) + ( 5 ) ( 2.1 )=7.16 tn/m
2

2
q c =( 7.16 ) ( 47 )+ ( 0.6 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )( 48 )=394.12 tn/m

394.12 2
q adm = =131.37 tn /m
3

Meyerhof Solution

1
q c =C Nc+¿ γDF Nq+ γB Nγ
2
❑
∑
❑
γDf =( 3.6 )( 1.6−1 ) + ( 5 ) ( 2.1 )=7.16 tn/m
2

∅ =36 ° ; Nq=51 ° ; Nγ=67°

1
q c =7.16(51)+ (1)(4 ) (67)
2

q c =499.16 tn/m2

499.16 2
q adm = =166.386 tn /m
3
5.- Calculate the admissible load capacity with fs= 3 for a continuous footing 2m wide,
planted at a depth of 5m, in soil with the following properties
2
e=0.90 Ss=2.60 c=3 tn/m ∅ =36 °

The NAF is precisely 5m deep and the saturated soil above it is saturated to a thickness of
1m and 80% saturated in the remaining 4m.

B=2 mSs=2.60

w=80 %
5m 3
γm=1.52t /m

W =100 %
3
2m γm 2=1.444 t /m
Continuous shoes

Df =5 m

1+ w
γm= Ssγo
1+Wss

1+0.80
γm 1= ( 2.60 ) (1)
1+0.80 ( 2.60 )
3
γm 2=1.52 t /m

For stratum 4-1

1+ 0.85
γm=
1+2.60

γm=1.44

Nc=57

Nq=42

Nγ=40

∑ Df =¿

With Terzagui

1
qc=cNc+ γDfNq+ γBNγ
2

1
qc= (3 )( 57 )+ ( 3.32 )( 42 )+ (1.44−1 )(40)
2
2
qc=328.04 t/m
2
qud=109.34 t /m
10.- in a fine silty sand there were data N= 30, in a standard penetration test. The material
is part of a stratum of indefinite thickness, with the NAF at a depth of 1m. In this sand it is
desired to plant a set of isolated footings, which will support a light structure. Provide the
load capacity that could be assigned to said footings, if it is desired to limit their individual
subsidence to 2.5cm. The width of the footings will be 1.5m.

NAF

Sw

B=1.5

N=30

B=1.5m

Making the correction of the number of strokes

n+15 30+15
N= = =22.5
2 2

From the graph for footings in sands V-III page 411

=2.8kg/m2 =28 t/m2

qc=28
6.- a load test on a square plate with a side of 30 cm carried out on the surface of a
compacted arna withγ m=1.75 tn/m3 , gave a failure load of 1.8 tn. Estimate from the
above data the value of∅ Of the sand.

Square plate B=0.30 m

3
γ m=1.75 tn/m

q c =¿ 1.8 tn/m3

C= 0

DF=0
2 2
A=0.30 =0.09 m

1.8
q adm= =20 tn
0.09

1
q c =C Nc+¿ γDF Nq+ γB Nγ
2

Substituting

1
20= (1.75)(0.3) Nγ
2

40
Nγ =76 .19
(1.75)(0.3)

From the graph

∅ =38 °
7.- a foundation slab measuring 30m on each side failed under a uniformly distributed
load of 22.00tn/m3 when placed on the surface of a soft clay layer ( ∅ =0 ) 50 m thick.
Estimate the value of c that can be attributed to that clay.

soft CH

30m cohesive soil L=30cm

w=¿ 22.00tn/m3 with∅ =0 we determine Nq , Nc , Nγ

B=30 m Nq=1

∅ =0 Nc=5.7

H=50 m Nγ=0

q c =¿ 22.00tn/m3

Considering square foundation

1
q c =C Nc+¿ γDF Nq+ γB Nγ
2

Substituting

22= (1.3 )( 5.7 ) C

22
C= =2.9 t /m2
( 1.3 ) (5.7)
 APPLIED SOIL MECHANICS

LOADING CAPACITY

A footing of infinite length and 2.5 width is planted 5m deep in a soil made up of 2 strata; The first,
which develops from 0 to 2m deep, is a very loose sand with Ø=25° and ɣm=1.7 t/m^3. The second
is a homogeneous clay of indefinite thickness with c=10 t/m^2 Ss= 2.7 and ɣd=1.2 t/m^3, if in NAF
it is 2m deep and the sand above that level is assumed to be humid. Calculate the load capacity of
the footing using Terzaghi and Skemton theories and FS=3

Ø= Nc=5.7, Nq=1, N ɣ=0

B= 2

ɣDf =1.7 (2)+ ( 1.46−1 ) 3

ɣDf =4.78 t

FOR TERZAGHI

1
qc=CNc + ɣDfNq+ ɣ BN ɣ
2

(10)(5.7)
qc= +4.78 (1)
3

qc=23.78

FOR SKEMTON
 qc=CNc + ɣDf D/B =0 For long foundation Nc=5.14

(5.14)(10)
qc= + 4.78
3
2
qc=21.9133 t /m

3) calculate the ultimate load capacity for a square footing with a side of 2m, planted in a
compacted sand with Ø=37° if the planting depth is 0, 1, 2, 3m. The volumetric weight of sand is
1.6 t/m^3. Consider in all cases that the NAF is below the level of rudeness, which does not stop
feeling its influence.

With Ø=37°

Nc=60

Nq=50

N ɣ=50

Df=0

t
qc=0.4(1.6 3
)(2)(50)
m

t
qc=64 2
m

Df=1

qc=1.6 ( 1 ) ( 50 ) +0.4 ( 1.6 ) (2)(50)

t
qc=144 2
m

Df=2

qc=1.6 ( 2 )( 50 ) +0.4 ( 1.6 ) (2)(50)

t
qc=224 2
m

Df=3

qc=1.6 ( 3 )( 50 )+ 0.4 ( 1.6 ) (2)(50)

 t
qc=304 2
m

Calculate the admissible load capacity of a continuous footing 2 m wide that will be planted 2.2 m
deep in the ground with 1.4 t/m^3 volumetric weight in its natural state and with resistance
parameters c=2 t/m ^2 Ø=26° the water table is at 4. M depth consider a safety factor of 3

DATA

B=2M Df=2.2M ɣm=1.4 t/m^3 c=2 t/m^2 Ø=26 NAF=4.5m depth

Nɣ=10

Nq=12.5

Nc=24

FS=3

With Terzaghi's formula

1
qc=CNc + ɣDfNq+ ɣ BN ɣ
2

1
qc=2 (24)+1.4( 2.2)(12.5)+ (1.4 ( 2 )( 10 ))
2

qc=100.5
2
qadm=33.5 t /m

Calculate the load capacity of the footing in problem N°1 but assuming that the water table is
0.8m deep.

1
qc=CNc + ɣDfNq+ ɣ BN ɣ ɣDf =( 1.4−1 ) 1.4+1.4 (0.8)
2

ɣDf ɣDf =1.68

c=2 t/m^2

(1.4−1)(2)( 10)
Nc=24 qc=2 (24)+(1.68)(12.5)+
2
2
Nq=12.5 qc=73 t /m
 2
Nɣ=10 qadm=24.33 t /m

FS=3

continuation

Ø=35° Nc=57.5 Nq=42.5 Nɣ=41

1
Qc=CNc +ɣDfNq + ɣ BN ɣ
2

qc=3 (57.5)+ ¿

qc=594.115
2
qadm=198 t /m

Calculate the admissible load capacity with FS =3 for a continuous footing 2m wide, planted at a
depth of 5m in a soil with the following properties:

E=0.90 Ss=2.60 C=3 t/m^2 Ø=35°

The water table is precisely 5m deep and the soil above it is saturated to a thickness of 1m and
80% saturated in the remaining 4m.

Determination of ɣm at 1m

Vo
e=
Vs

Vs=1
e=Vv=0.9

Vm=Vs+Vv=1+0.9=1.9

Ws
Ss=
Vs ɣ o

Ws=SsVs ɣ either

Ws=2.6(1)(1)

Ws=2.6

Gw=100%,
Vw
Gw=
Vv

Vw
1=
0.9

VW=0.9

Ww=Vw=0.9

Wm=Ww+Ws=0.9+2.6=3.5

Wm 3.5
ɣm= = =1.84 t/m^3
Vm 1.9

Determination of ɣm in the remaining 4m

Vo
e=
Vs

Vs=1

e=Vv=0.9

Vm=Vs+Vv=1+0.9=1.9

Ws
Ss=
Vs ɣ o

Ws=SsVs ɣ either

Ws=2.6(1)(1)
Ws=2.6

Gw=80%,

Vw
Gw=
Vv

Vw
0.8=
0.9

VW=0.72

Ww=Vw=0.72

Wm=Ww+Ws=0.72+2.6=3.32

Wm 3.32
ɣm= = =1.75 t/m^3
Vm 1.9