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    Anesthetic Flashcards

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    This paper compares several commonly used intravenous anesthetics. Thiopental, propofol, etomidate and ketamine act by enhancing the binding of GABA to the receptor or by blocking glutamate receptors, inducing short-term anesthesia. Each drug has adverse effects such as cardiorespiratory depression and psychotic reactions with ketamine. They are commonly used for brief surgical procedures or induction of anesthesia.

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    Anesthetic Flashcards

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    This paper compares several commonly used intravenous anesthetics. Thiopental, propofol, etomidate and ketamine act by enhancing the binding of GABA to the receptor or by blocking glutamate receptors, inducing short-term anesthesia. Each drug has adverse effects such as cardiorespiratory depression and psychotic reactions with ketamine. They are commonly used for brief surgical procedures or induction of anesthesia.

    Original Description:

    This paper compares several commonly used intravenous anesthetics. Thiopental, propofol, etomidate and ketamine act by enhancing the binding of GABA to the receptor or by blocking glutamate receptors, inducing short-term anesthesia. Each drug has adverse effects such as cardiorespiratory depression and psychotic reactions with ketamine. They are commonly used for brief surgical procedures or induction of anesthesia.

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    This paper compares several commonly used intravenous anesthetics. Thiopental, propofol, etomidate and ketamine act by enhancing the binding of GABA to the receptor or by blocking glutamate receptors, inducing short-term anesthesia. Each drug has adverse effects such as cardiorespiratory depression and psychotic reactions with ketamine. They are commonly used for brief surgical procedures or induction of anesthesia.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    19 views10 pages

    Anesthetic Flashcards

    Uploaded by

    ScribdTranslations
    This paper compares several commonly used intravenous anesthetics. Thiopental, propofol, etomidate and ketamine act by enhancing the binding of GABA to the receptor or by blocking glutamate receptors, inducing short-term anesthesia. Each drug has adverse effects such as cardiorespiratory depression and psychotic reactions with ketamine. They are commonly used for brief surgical procedures or induction of anesthesia.

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    of 10

    CLINICAL EYE

    MEDICAL
    PHYSIOLOGY
    Flashcards
    Drugs
    Anesthesia
    Speed of anesthesia induction
    inhalation.
    1. Alveolar concentration (partial pressure) of anesthetic
    2. Breathing frequency
    3. Rate at which the partial pressure of anesthetic in the blood increases as the drug is
    administered, determined by the partition coefficient between blood and gas.
    Benzocaine YouTube/Facebook:
    Clinical eye -
    Physiology
    THERAPEUTIC CLASS Local anesthetic
    PHARMACOLOGICAL CLASS Ester type local anesthetic
    Blockade of Na + channels and nerve conduction
    MECHANISM OF ACTION

    Topical anesthesia to relieve pain, itching and


    inflammation caused by burns, insect bites, contact
    CLINICAL USE dermatitis, throat irritation.

    May irritate skin upon first application; use with caution


    when treating sunburns or large areas of skin
    SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS

    Cross-sensitivity reactions with other ester-type


    anesthetics; allergic reactions can exacerbate pre-existing
    dermatitis
    ADVERSE EFFECTS

    INTERACTIONS Normally none


    THERAPEUTIC CLASS Local anesthetic

    PHARMACOLOGICAL CLASS Amide type local anesthetic

    Blockade of Na + channels and nerve conduction


    MECHANISM OF ACTION

    Local or regional anesthesia for surgical, diagnostic,


    CLINICAL USE
    obstetric and therapeutic procedures

    SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS Beginning of intermediate action; intermediate duration of


    action (longer than lidocaine)

    ADVERSE EFFECTS Causes more cardiac depression than ropivacaine

    INTERACTIONS Normally none

    Bupivacaine YouTube/Facebook:
    Clinical eye -
    Physiology

    YouTube/Facebook: Clinical eye - Physiology


    Ketamine YouTube/Facebook:
    Clinical eye -
    Physiology
    THERAPEUTIC CLASS Intravenous anesthetic
    PHARMACOLOGICAL CLASS glutamate antagonist

    MECHANISM OF ACTION Blockade of glutamatergic N -methyl-D- aspartate (NMDA)


    receptors

    CLINICAL USE Along with benzodiazepines and other anesthetics to facilitate


    minor surgical and diagnostic procedures, especially in
    children

    SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS Produces less sensory distortion and euphoria than


    phencyclidine (PCP)

    ADVERSE EFFECTS Delirium, hallucinations and irrational behavior during


    resuscitation (less pronounced in children); Increased blood
    pressure

    INTERACTIONS Additive effects with other anesthetics


    THERAPEUTIC CLASS Local anesthetic

    PHARMACOLOGICAL CLASS Amide type local anesthetic

    Blockade of Na + channels and nerve conduction


    MECHANISM OF ACTION

    Topical, infiltrated anesthesia, nerve blocks, epidural and


    intradural; eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA)
    CLINICAL USE

    EMLA contains lidocaine and prilocaine; Both drugs have a


    rapid onset and relatively short duration of action.
    SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS

    Usually none; rarely, cross-hypersensitivity reactions with


    ADVERSE EFFECTS other amide-type anesthetics

    Additive effects with other local anesthetics and class I


    INTERACTIONS antiarrhythmics

    Lidocaine YouTube/Facebook:
    Clinical eye -
    Physiology
    YouTube/Facebook: Clinical eye - Physiology
    Midazolam YouTube/Facebook:

    THERAPEUTIC CLASS Hypnotic-sedative and anxiolytic


    PHARMACOLOGICAL CLASS Short-acting benzodiazepine
    MECHANISM OF ACTION Enhancement of the binding of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
    to the Cl - ion channel of GABA A

    Sedation and anxiolysis prior to various procedures


    (endoscopy) and surgical interventions
    CLINICAL USE

    Monitors blood pressure, pulse and breathing


    (etomidate has less tendency to produce hypotension than
    SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS other inducers)

    Cardiovascular and respiratory depression; rarely causes


    ADVERSE EFFECTS apnea, laryngospasm, respiratory depression and cardiac
    arrest

    Additive effects with (CNS) depressants; its effects are


    enhanced or reduced by drugs that inhibit or induce
    INTERACTIONS cytochrome P450 3A4
    THERAPEUTIC CLASS General anesthetic
    PHARMACOLOGICAL CLASS Intravenous anesthetic; diisopropylphenol

    -
    MECHANISM OF ACTION Enhancement of GABA binding to the Cl ion channel of
    GABA A

    Induction and maintenance of general anesthesia; sedation of


    CLINICAL USE intubated patients in the intensive care unit

    It is usually preferred due to its rapid onset of action and


    induction of anesthesia; It is rapidly metabolized and
    SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS eliminated, which produces a slight feeling of hangover

    Bradycardia; hypotension (ethomidate tends to produce less


    hypotension than other inducers)
    ADVERSE EFFECTS

    INTERACTIONS Additive effects with other CNS depressants

    Propofol YouTube/Facebook:
    Clinical eye -
    Physiology
    YouTube/Facebook: Clinical eye - Physiology
    Etomidate, thiopental, ketamine
    EFFECTS Ultra short action. All of them are only weakly analgesic, with the
    exception of ketamine, which is a powerful analgesic and also
    produces "dissociative anesthesia."

    MECHANISM OF Ketamine blocks the ion channels of NMDA-type glutamate receptors,


    ACTION while the rest of the drugs bind to a specific region of the GABA A
    receptor (different from that to which benzodiazepines bind.

    ABS./DISTRIB./ELIM. IV injection Effects of propofol and etomidate come and go quickly,


    while thiopental can build up and cause a "hangover."

    CLINICAL USE Short surgical or diagnostic interventions, and for the induction of
    sustained anesthesia.
    ADVERSE EFFECTS Cardiorespiratory depression: milder with etomidate. Postoperative
    vomiting and suppression of the adrenal cortex with etomidate. With
    ketamine: delirium, hallucinations and dysphoria.

    YouTube/Facebook: Clinical eye - Physiology

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