PHYSICAL

EDUCATION

Unit 2 - Olympism
Date – 18 July 2022
 CONTENTS

 Olympics, Paralympics and Special Olympics.

 Olympic Symbols, Ideals, Objectives and Value of Olympism.
 International Olympic Committee.
 Olympic Movement Structure - IOC, NOC, IFS, Other members
 Indian Olympic Association.
 INTRODUCTION
Discussion
1. The Olympic flag was created under the guidance of Baron Coubertin in 1913
and was released in 1914. But it was first hoisted in 1920 in Antwerp, Belgium at
the 1920 Summer Olympics in the main stadium.
How many rings does the Olympics flag have? What do these rings
represent? What are the colors of the rings? What do these colors
represent? What values do the rings represent?
 INTRODUCTION

Discussion
2. The Olympic motto is Citius, Altius, Fortius.
What does it mean?
Blue would stand for Europe, Black for Africa,
Red for Americas( North & South), Yellow for Asia and
Green for Oceania ( Australia and all outlying islands).
 INTRODUCTION
Discussion
3. What Values do the Modern Olympic Games embody?
 OLYMPICS
ANCIENT OLYMPICS
 History reveals that Ancient Olympics were held in the honor of god
Zeus, at city of Olympia around 776 BC as the part of Religious festivals.
 At first, the only event at Olympia was the Foot race. Later, Sprints
wearing full armor, and long races, were added. Chariot racing and
combat sports were soon regular features too.
 The games were conducted every Four years and the period between two
games was known as Olympiad.
 The month when the Olympic Games were held was considered a scared
month and all disputes and wars would be stopped & peace would be
declared to facilitate the movement of spectators & athletes.
 The Ancient Olympic Games were initially a one day event until 684
BCE, when they were extended to three days. In the 5th century BCE, the
games were extended again to cover five days.
 OLYMPICS
ANCIENT OLYMPICS
The Roman Emperor Theodosius I legally abolished the games in 393 or 394 A.D.
It was found that the games had lost their original values due to
corruption, professionalism and foul play.
 OLYMPICS

ANCIENT OLYMPICS

 The “Discobolus”
Is a copy of a
Greek statue
5th century BC.

 It representsan
ancient Olympic Discus
thrower.
 OLYMPICS
OPENING CEREMONY OF THE ANCIENT OLYMPICS GAMES
 The opening ceremony of Ancient Olympic Games started with Assembly of the
Competitors, their Coaches, their Fathers, their Brothers and the Judges standing in
the Council house in front of the Statue of Zeus to take the oath.

 The Competitors took an Oath that they would not use unfair means and would
participate in the Games as per Rules and Regulations.

 The Judges pledged that they would be Fair and Honest in the Judgments during
the Games.
 OLYMPICS
RULES OF THE ANCIENT OLYMPICS GAMES
 Participants were Free Male Citizens of different City States within Greece.

 They should be Physically Fit and Slaves where not allowed to participate.

 All Participants had to receive 10-month Training prior to Olympic Games.

 Women were not allowed to participate in the Games. In fact, they were not even
allowed to attend or witness the Games.
 OLYMPICS
AWARDS AT THE ANCIENT OLYMPICS GAMES
 In Ancient Olympic Games, there was only one winner.
 The Olympionic (Winner of Olympic Games) was immediately rewarded
after the Competition.
 Winner was Awarded Olive leaves plucked from the Temple of Zeus and that
was the highest honor.
 They tied a Ribbon of Red wool, a Tainia (TAENIAE - HEADBAND), around
his Head and Hands in the sign of Victory.
 OLYMPICS
AWARDS AT THE ANCIENT OLYMPICS GAMES
The Official Prize Ceremony took place on the last day of the Games in the
raised hall in the Temple of Zeus.
 Then a Hellanodiki (JUDGES) placed a Crown made of an Olive branch, the
kotinos (OLYMPIC AWARD), on the winner’s head.
 OLYMPICS
MODERN OLYMPICS GAMES
 The revival work of the games was undertaken by Baron Pierre de
Coubertin of France , founder of Modern Olympics who is also know as father
of Olympics.
 Coubertin was born on January 1, 1862.
 Coubertin was greatly interested in education, and he firmly believed that
the best way to develop the minds of young people was to develop their
bodies as well.
 OLYMPICS
MODERN OLYMPICS GAMES
 In 1892, Coubertin first introduced the idea of starting the Olympic Games
again. Due to their hard efforts the first modern Olympic Games where held
in 1896 at Athens Greece.
 Games attracted athletes from 14 nations, largest delegations coming from
Greece, Germany, France & Great Britain.
 All the competitors were men.
 Women's participated in 1900 for the first time (22).
 OLYMPICS
MODERN OLYMPICS GAMES
 In Athens, 241 participants from 14 nations competed in 43 events,
covering track-and-field, swimming, gymnastics, cycling, wrestling, weightlifting,
fencing, shooting, and tennis.
 Due to two World Wars, three times games were cancelled in
1916, 1940, 1944.
 The games were conducted every Four years and the period between two games was
known as Olympiad.
 OLYMPICS
OLYMPIC MOTTO
The Olympic motto is Citius, Altius, Fortius.
It was proposed by Pierre de Coubertin, borrowed it from his friend Henri
Didon.
 OLYMPICS
OLYMPIC FLAG
 It was created in 1913.
 The flag is made of white silk cloth.
 Hoisted for the first time in Antwerp Olympic Games in 1920.
 Its symbol of the Unity of Sportspersons from all continents .
 OLYMPICS
OLYMPIC FLAG
 It was first hoisted in 1920 in Antwerp - Belgium at the 1920 Summer
Olympics in the main stadium.
 Five rings represent the five Continents of the world.
 OLYMPICS
OLYMPIC FLAME
 Was first lit in 1928 at Amsterdam - Netherlands Olympic Games.
 It is a continuity relation of Ancient and Modern Olympic Games.
 It is the symbol of Knowledge, Life, Happiness and Peace.
 OLYMPICS
OLYMPIC FLAME
 It is kindled / lighted in Olympic village of Greece and carried by the runner to the
venue of the Olympic Games,
or carried by relay to the Host City .
 Relay route of flame Inspires & Motivates people across the countries.
 OLYMPICS
OLYMPIC AWARDS
 First, Second and Third position holders of each event are awarded Gold,
Silver and Bronze medals along with certificates.
 The next five position holders are awarded only certificates.
 OLYMPICS
OLYMPIC OATH
Written by Baron de Coubertin,
Oath is taken by an athlete from the host side with holding corner of the
Olympic flag.
OLYMPICS
OLYMPIC OATH
 OLYMPICS
OBJECTIVES OF OLYMPIC GAMES
 To generate the sense of Loyalty, Brother hood and Team spirit among the
participants.
 To bring the attention of the world community to understand the values of the
Programmes of Physical Education.
 To Promote Amateurism among the Sport men.
 To remove the barriers of Caste, Creed, Religion and Color.
 To develop good Habits among sports persons.
 To encourage Moral Values and unbiased Behavior through sports.
 OLYMPICS
OPENING CEREMONY
 In Opening Ceremony, participants take part in the march past.
 Participants take oath.
 Recreational and cultural programs are organized.
 Olympic flag is hoisted and the Olympic flame in the stadium is
kindled by the torch.
 President or Prime Minister declares the Olympic Meet open.
 OLYMPICS
CLOSING CEREMONY
 The closing ceremony of the Olympic Games takes place after all
sporting events have concluded.
 Flag - bearers from each participating country enter the stadium,
followed by the athletes who enter together, without any national
distinction.
 Three National flags are hoisted while the corresponding National
anthems are played:
The flag of the current host country; the flag of Greece, to
honour the birthplace of the Olympic Games; and the flag of the
country hosting the next Summer or
Winter Olympic Games.
 OLYMPICS
CLOSING CEREMONY
 Mayor of the host city and the President of Managing Committee escort the
President of IOC to the stadium.
 He / She declares the games closed.
 Olympic flag is lowered and is handed over to the Mayor of the city. Various
cultural programs are organized.
 The Olympic Flame is extinguished.
At last the Games come to an end with the Olympic Song.
 RECAP
Q1. What is Olympic Oath?
Q2. Ancient Olympic Games where organised in honour of God.
Q3. How many rings Olympic symbol has?
Q4. The Olympic flag was used for the first time, When?
Q5. Who is known as the father of Modern Olympics?
Q6. Olympic flame was first introduced in which year?
Q7. What are the colors of Olympic rings situated at the bottom of the
Olympic symbol?
 PARALYMPIC GAMES
INTRODUCTION
 The word Paralympics is derived from the Greek
word Para which means beside or alongside and Olympic.
Combined, Paralympics means an International Games competition that is
parallel to the Olympics.
 The journey of the Paralympic Games started in 1960 side-by-side of the
Olympics.
 PARALYMPIC GAMES
HISTORY
 The first summer Paralympic Games were conducted from
18 to 25 September 1960, in Rome, after the completion of the 1960 Rome
Olympics, using the same venues. 400 athletes
from 23 countries participated in 57 events of
8 sports in the games.
 In 1976 Sweden staged the first Paralympic Winter Games.
 Games are now the second biggest sporting event in the world.
 PARALYMPIC GAMES
OPENING CEREMONY
It begins with the Hoisting of the host country’s flag,
along with its National Anthem.
 PARALYMPIC GAMES
OPENING CEREMONY
Athletes arrange themselves in the stadium for march past
grouped according to the alphabetical order. Team of the Host country
always enters last into the stadium.
 PARALYMPIC GAMES
OPENING CEREMONY
Cultural program is presented in form of Music, Dance & Singing and after
that formal opening of the games is announced.
 PARALYMPIC GAMES
OPENING CEREMONY
In the end Paralympic torch is brought into the stadium where the torch
bearer finally lights the Paralympic flame.
 PARALYMPIC GAMES
CLOSING CEREMONY
After all sporting events have concluded , closing ceremony begins.
Flag bearers from each participating country enter the stadium together
without any national distinction.
The Paralympic flag is taken down, games are officially declared as closed
and the Paralympic flame is extinguished.
 PARALYMPIC GAMES
INTERNATIONAL PARALYMPIC COMMITTEE
 The Paralympics is a mega sports event involving
athletes with a range of disabilities organized by
International Paralympic Committee.
 Its vision is “to enable Paralympic athletes to achieve sporting excellence
and inspire and excite the world”.
 International Paralympic Committee (IPC) was formed on
22 September 1989 and is situated in Bonn, Germany.
 PARALYMPIC GAMES
MOTTO
 ‘Spirit’ in ‘Motion’ is the Paralympic motto.
 Started in 2004 Athens Paralympics.
 Prior to this Olympics, the motto of Paralympics was
‘Mind, Body and Spirit’.
 PARALYMPIC GAMES
CATEGORI ES
 IPC has established 10 disability categories along with
physical, visual and intellectual impairment.
 Athletes with one of these disabilities can participate in the Paralympic
Games.
 Athletes are divided among these categories according to their level of
impairment (disability).
 PARALYMPIC GAMES
CATEGORI ES
Physical: It includes Impaired muscle power. Impaired passive range of
movement. Loss of limb. Leg length difference. Short stature etc.
Visual: It includes impairment of one or more components of visual system.
Intellectual: It includes the significant impairment of intellectual
functioning.
 PARALYMPIC GAMES
SPORTS IN SUMMER & WINTER GAMES
22 Sports in Paralympic Summer Games.
Archery. Athletics. Badminton. Cycling. Football 5-a-side. Judo.
Power lifting. Rowing. Shooting. Para sport. Sitting volleyball. Swimming. Table
tennis. Taekwondo. Triathlon. Wheelchair basketball.
Wheelchair fencing. Wheelchair rugby. Wheelchair tennis.
 PARALYMPIC GAMES
SPORTS IN SUMMER & WINTER GAMES
6 Sports in Paralympic Winter Games
Alpine skiing. Biathlon. Cross-country skiing. Para ice hockey Snowboard.
Wheelchair curling.
 RECAP
Q1. Briefly discuss about Paralympic.
Q2. The Paralympic Games are organised after the completion of.
Q3. In which year the first Paralympic Games where held?
Q4. How many sports are included in Summer Paralympic Games?
 SPECIAL OLYMPICS
INTRODUCTION
 It was started by Eunice Kennedy Shriver, sister of
John F Kennedy the former President of USA.
 The first International Special Olympics Games were held in
July 1968, Chicago, USA.
 Special Olympics is the world's largest sports organization for children
and adults with intellectual and physical disabilities, providing year -
round training and competitions to 5 million athletes and Unified
Sports partners in 172 countries.
 SPECIAL OLYMPICS
LOGO / SYMBOL
The Logo of Special Olympics is based on the sculpture
"Joy and Happiness to All the Children of the World"
by ZurabTsereteli and was adopted in 1979.
 It reflects joy, happiness, confidence among children and adults with
special needs who are learning coordination, mastering skills,
participating in competitions and preparing themselves for
richer & more Productive lives.
 SPECIAL OLYMPICS
MISSION
The mission of Special Olympics is to provide year - round sports training
and athletic competition, in a variety of Olympic - type sports for children
and adults with intellectual disabilities,
giving them continuing opportunities to develop physical fitness,
demonstrate courage & experience joy and participate in the sharing of
gifts, skills and friendship with their families other Special Olympics
athletes and the community.
 SPECIAL OLYMPICS
FLAME
“Flame of Hope” is the name given to the torch that is carried to and lit at
Special Olympic Games.
 SPECIAL OLYMPICS
OATH
“ Let me win. But if I cannot win, let me be brave in the attempt”
 SPECIAL OLYMPICS
GAMES and SPORTS
Athletics (Track and Field). Basketball. Badminton. Bowling. Cricket.
Cycling. Football (Soccer). Bocce. Figure Skating. Floor ball.
Floor Hockey. Judo. Golf Gymnastics (Artistic and Rhythmic).
Handball. Kayaking. Power lifting. Netball. Roller Skating. Rowing. Sailing.
Shooting. Snow Boarding. Snow Shoe Running.
Skiing (Alpine and Cross Country). Softball. Speed Skating (Short Track).
Swimming (Pool and Open Water). Table Tennis. Lawn Tennis.
Triathlon. Volleyball.
 RECAP
Q1. When was the first Special Olympics held and where?
Q2. Discuss Special Olympic in detail.
 OLYMPIC SYMBOLS, IDEALS, OBJECTIVES
& VALUES OF OLYMPISM
Olympic SYMBOLS or EMBLEM
“The Olympic flag has a white background, with five interlocked rings in
the center: blue, yellow, black, green and red.
The design is symbolic; it represents the five continents of the world united
by Olympism while the six colors are those that appear on all the
national flags of the world at the present time”.
The Olympic motto is inscribed under the emblem which consist of three
Latin words.
OLYMPIC SYMBOLS, IDEALS, OBJECTIVES
& VALUES OF OLYMPISM
Olympic IDEALS
 The important thing in the Olympics is not to win
but to take part in true sportsman spirit .
 Another important thing in life is not to triumph but to struggle.
 OLYMPIC SYMBOLS, IDEALS, OBJECTIVES
& VALUES OF OLYMPISM
Olympic OBJECTIVES
To generate sense of loyalty , brotherhood and team spirit
among the participants. To bring the attention of world community
towards competitive sports & to the values of physical education.
 To develop a spirit of international understanding and good will.
 To remove the barriers of cast, creed, religion and color. To inculcate the
idea that sport is a pastime and not an activity for material gains.
 OLYMPIC SYMBOLS, IDEALS,
OBJECTIVES & VALUES OF OLYMPISM
VALUES OF OLYMISM
 The Olympic Games have established themselves as a global celebration of sport
and peace.
 The three important core values Of Olympic Games are
Excellence, Respect and Friendship.
 Core values also include five educational values.

Excellence Respect Friendship

Joy of Effort Fair Play Respect for others

Pursuit Of Excellence Balance Between Body, Will & Mind

 RECAP
Q1. Explain development of Values through Olympic movement?
Q2. Continents which represents the rings in Olympic Games.
Q3. Who coined the Olympic motto “Citius, Altius, Fortius” ?
Q4. Write a note on Symbols and Ideals of the Olympic Games?
 INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC
COMMITTEE (IOC)
 The International
Olympic Committee (IOC) was constituted by Pierre de
Coubertin on 23 June 1894 with
Demetrios Vikelas as its first President.
 Headquarters of Olympic Committee is situated
at Lausanne, Switzerland.
 INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC
COMMITTEE (IOC)
 IOC organizes summer & winter Olympic games after every 4 years.
 First summer Olympic games where held in Athens , Greece 1896. and the
first winter Olympic games in France, in 1924.
 The first summer youth Olympic Games were organized in 2010 in Singapore,
where as the first youth winter Olympic games were organized in 2012 in
Innsbruck, city in Austria.
 INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC
COMMITTEE (IOC)
MEMBERS of IOC
Nominated persons from the member Countries.
PRESIDENT
The President of International Olympic Committee is chosen by the members of
this committee. Its tenure is for 8 years. His period can be extended once only for
four years.
VICE - PRESIDENT
It has 4 Vice-President. They too are chosen by the member of IOC. Tenure is for 4
years and can be chosen again if the members desire.
EXECUTIVE BOARD
The Executive Board in chosen by the members of different countries in a secret
ballot. The Executive Board of IOC is held responsible for administration and
management of its affairs.
 INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC
COMMITTEE (IOC)
FUNCTIONS of IOC
 Venue for next Olympic Games is decided by this committee.
 To elect new members, proper functioning of the sports programmes & selection
of host city.
 The promotion of sports/games.
 Fight against doping.
 Making rules & regulation for the smooth functioning of games.
 Encourages and supports the promotion of ethics in sports as well as in education
for youth through sports.
 Encouraging & supporting the promotion of women in sports.
 Acting against any form of discrimination which affects the Olympic movement.
 Taking action in order to strengthen the unity and to protect the independence of
the Olympic movement.
 INDIAN OLYMPIC ASSOCIATION (IOA)
 Indian Olympic Association was founded in 1927.
 Sir Dorabji Tata and Dr. Noehren became the founder President and
Secretary General respectively.
 Its members are chosen once every four years This committee is
comprised of a President, 9 Vice Presidents, 6 Secretaries,
1 Honorary Treasurer.
 In 1928 Amsterdam Olympic Games , Netherland ; Indian Hockey
Team participated first time and won Gold Medal.
 INDIAN OLYMPIC ASSOCIATION (IOA)

OBJECTIVES OF IOA
 Development and promotion of the Olympic movement.
 To support and encourage the promotion of sports ethics.
 To fight against doping and to demonstrate as a responsible concern for
environmental issues.
To participate in events at National Level to promote peace and to
promote women in sport.
 To take disciplinary action against any federation for misbehavior.
To enforce all rules and regulations of the International Olympic
Committee
 RECAP
Q1. IOC was formed in.
Q2. Where is the headquarters of IOC?
Q3. Who is the first President of IOA?
Q4. When was IOA Established?
Q5. What are the important functions of IOC?
Q5. What are the Objectives of IOA?

Thank you…