21 msßySu u.

yßk
wmßydkSh O¾u
jiaildr hkq wcdi;a rcqf.a weue;sfhls' Tyq tod nqÿrÿka jevisá
.sÊcl+g m¾j;hg meñKsfha u.Odêm;s wcdi;a; rcqf.a kshuhlg wkqj h' tfia
meñK rcqf.a Wmfoia mßÈ nqÿrÿkaf.a fomd keue| iqjmyiq úuid tl;a mfilg
ù ;ud meñKs ldrKdj nqÿrÿkag okajd isáfha fufia h'

—iajdóks" nqÿrcdKka jykai" u.Odêm;s wcdi;a uyrc;=ud fï

Èkj, jÊÔka iu. igklg iQodkï fjkjd' ta .ek Tn jykafiaf.a woyi
l=ula o@˜ hkqfjka úuid isáfha h'

ta wjia:dfõ wdkkao f;reka jykafia nqÿrÿka iómfha jev isáfha

Wka jykafiag mjka i,ñka h' nqÿrcdKka jykafia wdkkao f;reka wu;d jÊÔka
;ju;a"
1' ks;r /iafjkjd o@
2' iu.s j /ia j iu.s j idlÉPd fldg iu.s j úisr hkjd o@
3' fkdmekjQ kS;s fkdmuqKqjñka mekjQ kS;s lv fkdlr wdrlaId
lrkjd o@
4' jeäysáhkaf.a Wmfoia ms<smÈñka Tjqkg .re lrkjd o@
5' újdyl l=, ldka;djkaf.a yd wújdyl l=, l=ußhkaf.a wdrlaIdj ;yjqre
lrkjd o@
6' jÊð rdcHh we;=<; yd msg; msysá mQckSh ia:dkj,g .re lrñka tajd
kv;a;= lrkjd o@
7' ;u rdcHhg fkdmeñKs mQcH mlaIh f.kajd .ekSu;a meñK isák mQcH
mlaIhg ±yeñ /ljrKh i,id §u;a isÿ lrkjd o@

hkqfjka úuid isáhy' thg wdkkao ysñhkaf.a ms<s;=r jQfha Tjqka

b;d u fyd¢ka tu wmßydkSh O¾u l%shd;aul lrk njhs' jÊÔkaf.a ÈhqKqjla
ñi ljrodj;a mßydkshla isÿ fkdjk nj nqÿrÿkaf.a woyi úh' fï ixjdohg
weyqïlka ÿka jiaildr weue;s jÊÔka iu. iïuq;shlg meñKSfuka fyda ke;fyd;a
wmßydkSh O¾u ì£ulska f;dr j jÊð rdcHh hgm;a l< fkdyels nj isf;a ;nd
f.k nqÿrÿka fomd keue| kslau .sfha h'

141 fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i|yd h'

 nqÿrcdKka jykafia idrkaoo kï ffp;Hh ia:dkfha § jÊð
rcorejkag foaYkd l< ima; wmßydkSh O¾u l%shd;aul lrk ;dla l,a wi,ajeis
uyd rdcHhla jQ u.Ohg tu l=vd rdcHh hg;a lr .ekSug fkdyels úh' th
Tjqkaf.a ÈhqKqjg u fya;= úh'

jÊÔka tod wkq.ukh l< ima; wmßydkSh O¾u j¾;udkfha

jqjo lsishï rdcHhla wkq.ukh lrkafka kï th rdcHh ÈhqKqjg fya;= jk
nj W.;=kaf.a mjd woyi fõ' ima; wmßydkSh O¾uj, mj;akd .=Kd;aul nj
tl wd.ulg muKla iSud fkdfõ' tfia u th tl foaYhlg fyda tl ld,hlg
muKla o iSud fkdfõ' tys i¾j wd.ñl" i¾j foaYSh yd i¾jld,Sk jeo.;alula
wka;¾.; j we;' fuh foaYmd,k lghq;=j, úêu;a njg fuka u ´kE u iudc
ixúOdkhl ukd meje;aug o WmldÍ fõ'

1' ks;r /iaùu

lsishï rdcHhl" wdh;khl fyda ixúOdkhl md,k lghq;= Ndr

msßi ks;r /ia fõ kï l,ska l,g mek k.sk .eg¨ iduldó j yd idOdrK j
ksrdlrKh lr .ekSug wjia:dj Wod jkq we;' laIKsl j mek k.sk .eg¨j,g
úi÷ï fiùug o j.lsj hq;= msßia ks;r /iaúh hq;= h' tlsfkld w;r iqyo;ajh yd
ñ;%YS,Snj j¾Okh lr .ekSug o fï ;=<ska wjia:dj Wod fõ' rgl fyda wdh;khl
fyda md,khg iïnkaO msßia tl;= fkdù ;ks mqoa.,hl=f.a n, taldêldrhg
wkq.; j rdcH md,k lghq;= isÿ jkafka kï wd{dodhl md,khla ks;e;ska u
ks¾udKh jkq we;' th fnfyúka u rglg fyda iudchlg fyda úm;a;sodhl h'

úfYaIfhka iuQydKavqjl md,k msßia ish¨ fokd u ks;r /ia úh

hq;= h' tfia fkdjqK fyd;a ta m%foaYdêm;Ska o ys;=jlaldr ;Skaÿ ;SrK f.k
l%shd;aul lsÍug hEfuka wk¾:ldÍ .eg¨ ks¾udKh ùug bv ie,fia'

nqÿrcdKka jykafia Wmimka NslaIQka jykafia,dg uilg foj;djla

/iaùug Wmfoia ,nd § wfmalaId lf<a o NslaIq iudcfha l,ska l< we;s jk .eg¨
ksrdlrKh lr .ekSu;a Ydik ÑriaÓ;sh Wodlr,Su;a h' NslaIQka jykafia,d tfia
/iaùu u.ska foaYkd l< úkh YslaIdjka isysm;a lsÍug;a" úkh kS;s W,a,x>kh
l< NslaIQka jykafia,d iïnkaO j hï hï ;SrK .ekSug;a wjldYh ie,fia'
tu l%shdud¾. ms<sn| j WrKùula jdo újdo lr .ekSula isÿ fkdfõ' th Ydik
Wkak;sh flfrys n,md we;'

msßySu u. yßk wmßydkSh O¾u 142

2' iu.s j /iaùu" iu.s j idlÉPd lsÍu" iu.s j úisr hEu

msßila /ia fjkafka jeo.;a wruqKla uq,a lr f.khs' tu wruqK

uqÿkam;a lr .ekSug wod< j tlsfkld úúO woyia Woyia bÈßm;a lsÍug fm<öu
idudkH ,laIKhls' tys § lsishï whl= f.kd woyilg jvd fjk;a whl= f.kd
woyilg nyq;r msßilf.a leue;a; m< úh yels h' túg ;u u;h mrdch jQjd
hehs is;d wukdmlï we;s lr .ekSu yd WrK j úfrdaOdl,am bÈßm;a lsÍu
wkqjKluls' ;u u;h mrdch jQfha nyq;r leue;a; we;s u;hla bÈßm;a jQ
ksidfjks¦ th fyd| u foa f,i ms<s.;a neúks' tfia is;d lghq;= lsÍu ;=<ska
lsisjl= iu. wukdmhla we;s lr .ekSfï wjYH;djla we;s fkdfõ' m%dfoaYSh
jYfhka mj;akd iafõÉPd ixúOdkj, idudðlhska w;r hï hï u; fNao we;s
jkafka ;uka leue;s u;h ch.%yKh lrjd .ekSug fkdyels ùu ksidfjks' tfia
jQ úg we;eï msßia kEoE ys;j;alï mjd wysñ lr .kakd wjia:d olakg ,efí' th
wkqjKluls' tneúka iu.s j /iaùu" iu.s j idlÉPd fldg" iu.s j úisr hEug
yeu flkdg u yelshdj we;akï iudch ;=< ks;e;ska u ixys¢hdj f.dvkef.kq
we;'

3' fkdmekjQ kS;s fkdmekùu yd mekjQ kS;s lv fkdlr wdrlaId lsÍu

iudchl hymeje;au i|yd kS;s ud,djla wjYH fõ' fndfyda úg fuh

f,aLk.; j ;sfnkq olakg ,efí' jHjia:dj f,i jHjydr flfrkafka o fuhhs'
tu uQ,sl kS;sh we;=<;a jHjia:djg wkq.; j lghq;= lsÍug iEu whl= u fhduq
jqj fyd;a ksr¾nqo iudchla ks¾udKh ùug wjldY ie,fia' m%dfoaYSh md,lhka
jqj ;u md,k n, m%foaYhg wod< j hï hï wK mk;a yd kS;s iïmdokh lrk
úg uQ,sl kS;shg mgyeks fkdjk mßoafoka th isÿ l< hq;= h' tfia fkdjqK fyd;a
úYd, .egqulg th ;=vq fokq we;' nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska mkjk ,o úkh
kS;sÍ;sj,g tlÕ j NslaIQka jykafia,d lghq;= lsÍug fm<öu nqoaO Ydikfha §¾>
ld,Sk hymeje;aug fya;= ù we;' úkh" Ydikfha wdhqIh f,i olajd ;sîfuka
ta neõ ;j ÿrg;a ;yjqre fõ' mkjk ,o kS;s Í;s ks;r ks;r fjkia lsÍu;a"
tajd W,a,x>kh lsÍu;a fya;=fjka ´kE u wdh;khla" ixúOdkhla muKla fkdj
rchla jqj o ì| jefgkq we;' kS;sh j,aje§u fndfyda w¾nqo ks¾udKh ùug
bjy,a fõ' tneúka rgl" iudchl mj;akd kS;sh Wmßu wLKav;dfjka yd wju
pxp,;djlska mj;ajd f.k hd hq;= h'

143 fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i|yd h'

4' jeäysáhkaf.a Wmfoia ms<sme§u yd Tjqkag .re lsÍu
jeäysáhka f,i fuys § w¾: .ekafjkafka jhiska muKla jDoaO;ajhg
m;a jQ wh muKla u fkdfõ¦ YS,fhka" .=Kfhka yd ±kqfuka o jDoaO;ajhg m;a
jQ msßia h' Tjqyq fndfyda ld,hla rgl" iudchl wNsjDoaêh Wodlr,Sug ldhsl yd
udkisl Y%uh lem l< wh fj;s' fï wh fndfyda w;a±lSïj,ska msßmqka wh fõ'
ta ksid u Tjqkaf.a wjjdo yd wkqYdikdj,g weyqïlka § lghq;= lsÍu ÈhqKqfõ
ud¾.h Wodlr,Suls' jeäysáhkg .re lsÍu" ie,lSu" jDoaOdmpdhkh jYfhka oyfï
i|yka fõ' jDoaOdmpdhkh mqoa.,hl=f.a wdhqIh" j¾Kh" iemh" n,h Wfoid lrk
m%d¾:kdjla njg fn!oaOhska m;alr f.k we;af;a tys we;s jeo.;alu ksidfjks'
tfuka u w;a:iaioajdr cd;l l;dj ;=<ska jeäysáhkaf.a wkque;sh .ekSu ÈhqKqjg
fya;= jkakla nj o ±lafõ' jeäysáhkaf.a nig wyqïlka fkd§u ksid j;auka
iudcfha fndfyda fokd úúO .eg¨j,g uqyqK mdk wjia:d .ek o ks;r wikakg
,efí' tneúka rchl meje;aug muKla fkdj l=vd u iudc tallh jQ .Dy
iudcfha meje;aug mjd jeäysáhkaf.a Wmfoia ms<sme§u yd Tjqkag .re lsÍu tl
fia WmldÍ jk nj meyeÈ,s h'

5' újdyl l=, ldka;djkaf.a yd wújdyl l=, l=ußhkaf.a wdrlaIdj

;yjqre lsÍu
YsIag iïu; iudchl iqúfYaIS ,laIKhla f,i ldka;djkaf.a
wdrlaIdj iqrlaIs; lsÍu ie,fla' nqÿrcdKka jykafia my< jQ jljdkqfõ n%dyauK
b.ekaùï ;=<ska ldka;dj úúO jOnkaOkhkag yd mSvdjkag ,la jQ nj meyeÈ,s h'
nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a foaYkd yd Ydiksl l%shdldrlï u.ska wehg;a msßñhdg yd
iudk j iudc ;;a;ajhla ,nd § wdrlaIdj ;yjqre lsÍug l%shd lr we;' jÊÔkag
foaYkd l< wmßydkSh O¾u ;=<ska o újdyl yd wújdyl iEu ldka;djlf.a u
wdrlaIdj ;yjqre lsÍu rcfha hq;=lula f,i fmkajd § we;' j¾;udkh jk úg
f,dalfha fndfyda rgj,a ldka;d whs;sjdislï wdrlaId lsÍug wod< wKmk;a iïu;
lrf.k l%shd;aul lr f.k hhs' iEu jirl u ud¾;= wgfjks Èk c.;a ldka;d
Èkh f,i kï fldg f,dalfha fndfyda rgj,a tu Èkh iurhs' ldka;djkaf.a
wdrlaIdj yd whs;sjdislï iqrlaIs; lsÍug wod< mq¿,a iudc l;sldj;la tu Èkh
ksñ;s lr f.k isÿ lsÍu w.h l< hq;a;ls' wfma rfÜ ldka;djka fjkqfjka
fjk u wud;HdxYhla mjd msysgqjd Tjqkaf.a iqN isoaêhg yd wdrlaIdjg wod< j
úúO n,.ekaùï isÿ lsÍu hq.fha wjYH;djla bgq lsÍuls' ldka;djka fjkqfjka u
fjka jqK úúO ixúOdk msysgqjdf.k Tjqkaf.a ÈhqKqjg fuka u rfÜ ixj¾Okhg
odhl ùu i|yd úúO jHdmD;s l%shd;aul ùu o iqNjd§ ,laIKhls' th iudchl
f,!lsl ÈhqKqj ixfla;j;a lrkakls'

msßySu u. yßk wmßydkSh O¾u 144

6' jÊð rdcHh we;=<; yd msg; msysá mQckSh ia:dkj,g .re lsÍu yd
tajd kv;a;= lsÍu
iEu mqoa.,hl=g u lsishï wd.ula we;' Tjqkaf.a wd.ñl lghq;=
isÿlsÍu i|yd mQckSh ia:dk f.dv kexùula o isÿ flf¾' tu mQckSh ia:dk
wdrlaId lsÍu yd kv;a;= lsÍu m%cd;ka;%jdoh iqrlsk rchl hq;=luls' tfia u
fm!rdKsl mQckSh ia:dk" rdcHhl mj;sk w.kd ixialD;sl odhdohka h' fuu
mQckSh ia:dk weiqre lr f.k wd.ñl j;dj;a isÿlsÍu mqoa.,hdf.a wdOHd;añl
ixj¾Okh we;s lsÍug rel=,la fõ' tfuka u fuu wd.ñl ia:dk mokï lr f.k
isÿ lrkq ,nk úúO mQfcda;aij yd ixialD;sl wd.ñl lghq;= ;=<ska ck;djg ±yeñ
i;=gla o ,efnhs' tfuka u úúO wd.ñl msßia tu ixialD;sl W;aijj,g iyNd.s
ùu u.ska wd.ñl iyÔjkhg o wjia:dj Wod fõ' rgl wkNsNjkSh Wreu njg
m;ajkafka o bme/Ks mQckSh ia:dk h' ck;dj ;=< foaYudul;ajh f.dvkexùug o
fuu Wreuhka WmldÍ fõ' tneúka fuu mQckSh ia:dk l=uk wd.ulg wh;a jqj o
tajd wdrlaId lsÍu yd kv;a;= lsÍu rchl hq;=lula fõ'

7' ;u rdcHhg fkdmeñKs mQcH mlaIh f.kajd .ekSu" meñK isák

mQcH mlaIhg /ljrKh ie,iSu
wd.ñl ia:dkj, jevfjfik mQckSh W;=ukag ie,lSu;a wdrlaIdj
i,id §u;a fkdmeñKs mQcH mlaIh f.kajd .ekSug lghq;= lsÍu;a tu rfÜ
fuka u iudcfha o wd.ñl yd cd;sl ixys¢hdj j¾Okh ùug fndfyda fihska
WmldÍ fõ' iEu wd.ulska u isÿ flfrkafka .=K oyñka mßmQ¾K jQ iudchla
ks¾udKh lsÍfï ld¾hhhs' fï i|yd mQckSh W;=fuda ksiairKdOHdYfhka lem ù
lghq;= lr;s' wd.ñl" idudðl" foaYmd,ksl wdÈ iEu lghq;a;l § u mqfrda.dó j
lghq;= lrkafkda mQckSh W;=fuda h' tjka uyÕ= fufyjrla bgqlrk h;s W;=ukag
wjYH myiqlï yd wdrlaIdj iemhSu iEu rchl u hq;=lula fõ' we;eï ,dxflah
md,lhka fuka u idudkH ck;dj o mQcH mlaIfha wdrlaIdj yd m%;H myiqlï
iemhSfï ld¾hfha § Èú ysñfhka lghq;= l< wjia:d ms<sn| j úúO f;dr;=re wfma
jxil;d idys;Hfha we;'

fï wkqj meyeÈ,s jkafka ima; wmßydkSh O¾u ckiïu;jd§ md,k

l%uhla ìys lr .ekSfuys ,d w;sYhska jeo.;a jk b.ekaùula njhs¦ mqoa.,jd§ yd
taldêm;sjd§ md,k l%uhlg fï ;=<ska jeg nef|k w;r iduQysl yd iuQmldÍ
yeÕSfuka lghq;= lsÍug fodr.=¨ újD; jk nj hs'

145 fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i|yd h'

 idrdxYh
nqÿrÿka jÊð ckmofha idrkaoo ffp;Hh kï ia:dkfha § ,sÉPùkag foaYkd
l< ima; wmßydkSh O¾u È.= l,la tu rdcHfha ixj¾Okhg fya;= úh' Tjqka
tajdhska neyer ùu tu rdcHfha blauka mßydkshg fya;= úh' tneúka tu
O¾u;dj, jákdlu fldf;la o hkak jgyd .ekSu wiSre fkdjkq we;'
wmßydkSh O¾u wkq.ukh lsÍfuka ,efnk m%;s,dN lsishï ld,hlg fyda
foaYhlg fyda muKla iSud l< fkdyels h' th lsishï rdcHhlg fyda
wdh;khlg fyda muKla o iSud l< fkdyels h' tneúka ld,Sk jákdlulska
hq;a fuu wmßydkSh O¾u" rdcHhl ukd meje;aug fuka u l=vd u ixúOdkhl
meje;aug o WmldÍ fõ'

l%shdldrlu

1' nqÿrÿka ima; wmßydkSh O¾u foaYkd lf<a l=uk ia:dkhl § ljqrekayg o@

2' kS;s .rel j lghq;= lsÍfuka ,efnk m%;s,dN y;rla ,shkak'

mejreu

ima; wmßydkSh O¾uj, mj;akd ld,Sk jeo.;alu fmkajd foñka mqj;a m;lg
,smshla ,shkak'

msßySu u. yßk wmßydkSh O¾u 146