Department of Education Region III

SHS
DIVISION OF AURORA
Brgy. Bacong, San Luis, Aurora

Learning Activity Sheet

in

PHILIPPINE POLITICS
AND GOVERNANCE
Civil Societies and Social Movements
(HUMMS_PG12-II-e-10-12)

Alternative Learning
System

Subject: Philippine Politics and Governance

Subject: Philippine Politics and Governance
Learning Activity Sheet

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First Edition, 2023

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Published by the Department of Education

Schools Division Superintendent: DANTE G. PARUNGAO CESO V
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: DANILO M JACOBA PhD

Development Team of the LAS

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Illustrator: xxxx
Layout Artist: Mary Joy Z. Persia
Management Team:
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Learning Supervisor

Department of Education Region III – Learning Resource Management and

Development Section (LRMDS) - Schools Division of Aurora
Office Address: Sitio Hiwalayan, Brgy. Bacong, San Luis, Aurora
E-mail Address: aurora@deped.gov.ph

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 Welcome! This Learning Activity Sheet will help you understand the
lesson about Civil Societies and Social Movements.
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
a. list different civil societies and social movements;
b. recognize the importance of civil societies and social movements
through infographic materials; and
c. write a paragraph about people’s experiences in achieving freedom
and exercising rights through social movements found in books,
articles, newspaper or online.

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read the following items carefully. Write the letter of
the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

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1. It is a formal decision-making process by which the citizens of the
country vote and select certain officials to hold public office.
A. Amendment C. Plebiscite
B. Election D. Suffrage

2. The existing electoral system in the Philippines was established under

what Constitution?
A. Constitution 1935 C. Constitution 1973
B. Constitution 1943 D. Constitution 1987

3. This commission is empowered to supervise every aspect of campaigns

and elections in the country.
A. COMELEC C. NAMFREL
B. Congress D. Senate

4. The following countries are example of multipart system except one,

which is this?
A. Indonesia C. South Korea
B. North Korea D. Sweden

5. These people come together to contest elections in order to hold power in

the government.
A. Political Ideologies C. Political Party
B. Political System D. Political Science

6. The following are the qualifications of voters in the country EXCEPT one,
which is this?
A. Not otherwise disqualified by law
B. At least eighteen (18) years of age
C. Citizen (male or female) of the Philippines
D. Have resided in the Philippines for at least three (3) months and in
the place wherein he proposes to vote for at least two (2) months
preceding the election.

7. It is the name given to a vote of the people expressing their choice for or
against a proposed law or enactment submitted to them.
A. Plebiscite C. Recall
B. Referendum D. Initiative

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 8. It is a political system in which are featured by the presence of a fairly
large number of parties with compete with one another on relatively equal
terms.
A. Double Party System C. Multiparty System
B. Electoral System D. One-Party System

9. It is a form of government where the country is ruled by a single political

party.
A. Double Party System C. Multiparty System
B. Electoral System D. One-Party System

10. What article of the constitution is related to the right of every Filipino to
vote?
A. Article III C. Article V
B. Article IV D. Article VI

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 As part of the discussions on political interaction, this lesson presents
another manifestation of state-society interaction. That is, the relationship
between civil society and social movements. It highlights another aspect of
group politics, but its focus is on players outside the government. This part
assesses the roles taken by the civil society in the Philippine governance and
development.

What defines a civil society?

The London School of Economics Centre for Civil Society does define
civil society as “the arena of uncoerced collective action around shared
interests, purposes, and values. Civil society commonly embraces a diversity
of spaces, actors, and institutional forms, varying in their degree of
formality, autonomy or power. It is often populated by organizations such as
registered charities, development non-governmental organizations,
community groups, women’s organizations, faith-based organizations,
professional associations, trade unions, self-help groups, social movements,
business associations, coalitions and advocacy groups”.

Remarks at the symposium: Cosmopolitan Society, Human Safety and

Rights in Plural and Peaceful Societies “Government alone does not make
democracy work. Private initiative is also essential, including a vital role for
those institutions which are collectively described as “Civil Society”.

The United Nations refers to civil society as the “third sector” of the
society, along with government and business. The civil society is considered
a social sphere independent from both the state and the market. It
comprises of civil society organizations and non-governmental organizations.

According to WHO (2015), the term civil society organizations (CSOs)

refers to those non-state, nonprofit, voluntary organizations in this social
sphere. Thus CSOs include a wide array of organizations, networks,
associations, groups, and movements that sometimes come together to push
for the advancement of their common interest by means of collective action.

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) on the other hand, are non-

profit and voluntary citizen groups, which are organized on a local, national
and humanitarian level. They perform service and humanitarian roles, bring

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citizen concerns to governments, advocate, monitor policies, and encourage
participation through information dissemination. Similarly, they provide
analysis and expertise on specific issues on environment, health, and
human rights (NGO Global Network, 2016)

Another example of civil society at work is civic groups, such as

Rotary Club or Kiwanis. In the Philippines, these are groups that are made
up of people from the community who volunteer their time in order to raise
money for community projects or needs. Though, these groups are smaller
that NGOs, they are important because they represent the ordinary citizen
contributing to the overall well-being of their community.
The following are considered key characteristic of successful civil
societies according to Ghaus-Pasha (2004).

o Separated from the state and the market

o Formed by people who have common needs, interests, and values
o Developed through a fundamentally endogenous and autonomous process
that is not easily controlled from the outside.

The civil society can have a positive influence to the state. And it has
become increasingly important in the promotion of good governance,
effectiveness, and accountability (Ghaus- Pasaha, 2004)

According to Khan et. al (2015) civil society organizations and social

movement play a vital role in democratizing politics and governance and can
provide both immediate relief and longer-term transformative change by:

o Defending collective interests and increasing accountability;

o Providing solidarity mechanisms;
o Facilitate participation of the people in the policy-making and execution
process of the government;
o Key participant political force
o Role in enhancing democracy
o Important institutional vehicle; and
o Directly engaging in service delivery and challenging prejudice

Legal Framework for Civil Society

The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines, forged and shaped in the

aftermath of the 1986 People Power Revolution, clearly recognizes participation and
empowerment, including the important role of CSO. This may be seen in several
provisions of the Constitution, most prominently in the following:

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Article II, Section 23: “The states shall encourage non-governmental, community-
based, or sector organizations that promote the welfare of the nation.”

Article XIII, Section 15: “The state shall respect the role of independent people’s
organizations to enable to pursue and protect within the democratic framework,
their legitimate and collective interest and aspirations through peaceful and lawful
means”.

Article XIII, Section 16: “The right of the people and their organizations to
effective and reasonable participation at all levels of social, political, and economic
decision-making shall not be abridged. The state shall, by law, facilitate the
establishment of adequate consultation mechanism.

What defines a social movement?

Heywood, 2013 defined Social Movements as a collective body that

has a high level of commitment and political activism, and is not necessarily
based on formal organization. Social movements are attempts to change
society through collective action. They transpire when large groups of
individuals or organizations work for or against change in specific political
or social contexts. They are non- institutionalized, because just like civil
societies, they occur outside of governmental institutions. On the other
hand, new social movements (sometime referred to as “new politics”) are
those that attract the young, better-educated, and relatively affluent
individuals, including the post-material orientation and commitment of
these individuals to new forms of political activism (Heywood, 2013)

Colas (2002, as cited in Tadem, 2006) defined social movements as a

“ sustained and purposeful collective mobilized by an identifiable, self-
organized group in confrontation with specific power structures and in the
pursuit of socio-economic and political change.” The social movements in
the country best reflect the characteristics of the Philippine politics and the
Filipinos’ struggle for democratization and development (Tadem, 2006).
These social movements can be traced as far as the colonial period.

Importance of Social Movements

o Social movements might be attempting to create change (feminist movement),

resist change (anti- globalization movement), or to provide political voice to those
who are marginalized (civil rights movements). Hence, Social movements create
social change.

o Social movements perpetuate because there is a need for change, there is always
a need for societies to change for the better or even worse. Social movements are
extremely prevalent.

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o The “movement” in social movement is a transformation in the habits. Including
linguistic and basic domestic habits that shape our everyday lives Social
movements are the key agents for bringing about changes within the society.

o They are manifestations of social change.

o They are the proof that our society is not stoic or stable, they flow; and social
movements are key currents within this flow.

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Directions: List down civil societies and social movements you know in your
community and describe the organization’s purposes. Write your answers on
a separate sheet of paper.

Civil Society Organization/

Purpose
Social Movements

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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Directions: Complete the infographic material below by writing appreciations
on the importance of civil societies and social movements in our country.
Images are provided below for you to come up with a concept. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper. Use the rubric as your guide.

Infographic Rubrics
Indicator Score
Content (50%)
 Terms, Facts
 Quality of relevant data

Clarity (50%)
 Quantity of relevant data
 Mechanics
 Easy to understand
Total
Teacher’s Comment

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Directions: Using the Venn diagram, give the similarities and differences
between Civil Societies and Social movements. Then, write a brief
explanation below. Write your answer in your answer sheet.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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Directions: Read a story, news, or articles about people’s experiences in
achieving freedom and exercising rights through social movements. Write a
short paragraph guided by the questions below. Use short bond paper for
your answer. Use the rubric below as your guide.

1.What were the persons’ purposes in participating social movement?

2.What were their struggles in doing so?
3. How social movement helped them achieved their purposes?

______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

Rubric for Paragraph Writing

Criteria Description Score
The content has clearly stated a specific
Ideas (50%)
central idea.
Ideas presented are coherent, logically
Organization (40 %)
arranged, and consistent
The paragraph is well written following all
Quality of Writing (10 %)
the mechanics in writing.
Total
Teacher’s Comment

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Directions: Read each question carefully. Write the letter of your answers on
a separate sheet of paper.

1. It is defined as the arena of uncoerced collective action around shared

interests, purposes, and values.
A. Civil Organization C. Social Collectives
B. Civil Society D. Social Movements

2. It is a non-profit and voluntary citizen group, which are organized on a local,

national, and humanitarian level.
A. Civic Group C. Non-Governmental Organization
B. Civil Society D. Social movements

3. These are groups that are made up of people from the community who
volunteer their time in order to raise money for community projects
or needs.
A. Civic agencies C. Social agency
B. Civic group D. Social group

4. According to Ghaus-Pasha (2004) listed below are the key characteristics of a

successful civil societies except;
A. Participated in a political force
B. Separated from the state and the market
C. Formed by the people who have the common needs, interests, and values
D. Developed through a fundamentally endogenous and autonomous
process that is not easily controlled from the outside

5. Why is civil society important in a state?

A. It helps the state in running the government.
B. It serves as support to the government in case of fund shortage.
C. It helps the state to collect and save money to supplement government
projects.
D. It is important in the promotion of good governance, effectiveness, and
accountability.

6. How Social movements change the society?

A. through collective action C. through individual action
B. through dual attempts D. through personal attempts

7. Which of the following statements best describe the longer-term transformative

of civil societies?

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 A. Provided solidarity mechanisms
B. Separated from the state and the market
C. Formed by the people who have common needs, interests, and values
D. Developed through a fundamentally endogenous and autonomous
process that is not easily controlled from the outside

8. Why NGOs are part of Civil Society?

A. Because NGOs are open to certain people
B. Because NGOs are not governed by any state’s government
C. Because NGOs only work on universal human rights
D. Because NGOs vow not to interfere in political affairs

9. Which of the following is part of civil society?

A. DSWD mobile office entertaining 4Ps members
B. Profitable business investing for Filipino farmers
C. Volunteer group of riders donating blood in hospitals
D. Government agencies that handle subsidies for poor families

10. Listed below are means of expressing social movements advocacies except;
A. Boycott C. Legislative lobbying
B. Street protest D. Solidarity mechanisms

Learning Activity Sheet in Subject

(HUMMS_PG12-II-e-10-12)

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Key to Corrections

Let’s Recall Let’s Practice Let’s Enrich Let’s Perform Let’s Assess

Answers may Answers may vary Answers may 1. C

1. B vary vary 2. C
2. D 3. B
3. A 4. A
4. B 5. D
5. C 6. A
6. D 7. A
7. A 8. B
8. C 9. C
9. D 10.D
10.C

References

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Citeseerx.ist.psu.edu. (2022). Retrieved 8 August 2022, from
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.625.1861
&rep=rep1&type=pdf.

CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS (CSOS) : UN Guiding Principles Reporting

Framework. Ungpreporting.org. (2022). Retrieved 8 August 2022,
from https://www.ungpreporting.org/glossary/civil-society-
organizations- csos/#:~:text=Non%2DState%2C%20not%2Dfor,
%2Dgovernmental%2 0organizations%20(NGOs.

Civil Society. Slideshare.net. (2022). Retrieved 8 August 2022, from

http://www.slideshare.net/razia0000/civil-society-presentation.

Mejia, N. (2022). Empowering Civil Society Organizations at the Local Level:

The Case of Marikina City. Academia.edu. Retrieved 8 August 2022,
fromhttps://www.academia.edu/32682252/Empowering_Civil_Societ
y_Organiz tions_at_the_Loca l_Level_The_Case_of_Marikina_City.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Region III
Schools Division of Aurora
Learning Resource Management and Development Section (LRMDS)
Sitio Hiwalayan, Brgy. Bacong, San Luis, Aurora
Telefax:
E-mail Address: aurora@deped.gov.ph

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