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Advanced Energy Metering System Using IOT

Article in International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology · May 2024
DOI: 10.55524/ijircst.2024.12.3.25

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 International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science and Technology (IJIRCST)
ISSN(Online): 2347-5552, Volume-12, Issue-3, May 2024
https://doi.org/10.55524/ijircst.2024.12.3.25
Article ID IRP1457, Pages 148-153
www.ijircst.org

Advanced Energy Metering System Using IOT

Santosh K Tripathi1, Swati Maurya2, Ajeet Kumar3, Koshtubh S Raj4, and Rajneesh Rawat5
1.2
Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Rajkiya Engineering College, Kannauj, India
3,4,5
B.Tech Scholar, Department of Electrical Engineering, Rajkiya Engineering College, Kannauj, India
Correspondence should be addressed to Santosh K Tripathi ;
Received: 2 May 2024 Revised: 16 May 2024 Accepted: 30 May 2024
Copyright © 2024 Made Santosh K Tripathi et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

ABSTRACT- In recent times, there has been a swift operations and increase accuracy [10].
advancement in the creation of smart cities. A smart city is a The digital energy meters that are now used in our
metropolitan area that makes use of cutting-edge technology electrical system are manually read, billed, and monitored.
for effective resource management and monitoring. The goal Furthermore, the procedure of monitoring and charging
is to maximize energy and cost savings while simultaneously takes a great deal of time and work. The purpose of this study
enhancing the quality of life for its citizens. With an is to design a smart energy meter that is capable of
emphasis on energy-related monitoring, a smart energy monitoring, recording, and billing using the Internet of
meter is the fundamental element that forms the basis for all Things (IoT). Here, the Internet of Things serves as the
data gathering, analysis, and automation. This paper project's central component and is essential to converting a
describes how to turn a regular energy meter into a smart conventional energy meter into an intelligent and effective
energy meter by adding an Arduino and a GSM module. energy metering system. It allowed for the remote reading
With the help of the Internet of Things, this smart energy and observation of the data. This change not only improves
meter is further improved using IoT. An embedded the functionality and efficiency of utilities, but it also
controller (Arduino) and a GSM modem will be integrated provides the distribution firm with the capacity to easily and
by the smart energy meter system to transfer data over a intelligently monitor and operate the energy management
GSM mobile network, such as generated invoices, spent system. Additionally, it gives customers the means to use the
energy in kWh, etc. IoT can be used to enable energy Internet to access, track, and manage their data. IOT is able
providers and power companies to monitor and control their to enable this smart meter realize its capabilities. This will
customers' services without the need for human labour by enable the businesses to continuously monitor the data on
providing them with the user -generated data. By connecting energy consumption. Through IOT, the solution assists the
the smart meter to the Internet of Things, the user can access user in tracking real-time energy consumption on their
the data using a password and ID that has been issued from smartphone [4]. To benefit society, this project will combine
any location in the globe. Major energy companies will the greatest features of both IoT and GSM technologies. The
benefit from our project's user-friendliness, reduced labour primary benefits offered by this system include:
costs, and decreased error and loss rates.  Real-time monitoring
KEYWORDS- Arduino (Microcontroller), Global System  Automated invoicing
for Mobile (GSM), Internet-of-Things (IoT), Smart Energy  Data control and remote access, etc.
Meter (SEM), Short Message Service (SMS), Wireless The management, reading, and billing of energy data will
Fidelity (Wi-Fi). undergo a revolution thanks to this technology, which will
I. INTRODUCTION eliminate manual work and save money and time by
Urbanization, like in emerging nations, causes technology, automating tasks that would otherwise require human labor.
gadgets, and appliances to increase more quickly. At the It reduces the possibility of human mistake, processing lag,
same time, population growth is high, which raises the need and electricity theft, allowing you to obtain precise readings
for energy. Because of the necessity for quick economic and reasonable electricity costs.
development and growth in emerging countries, as well as As of May 21, only 1.7 million households nationwide have
the sharp rise in industrial and commercial activity, energy smart energy metering services, according to the Smart
demand is rising [3]. Therefore, the power production, Meter National Program (SMNP), which is overseen by the
transmission, and distribution systems will face significant government of India-owned Energy Efficiency Services
challenges if we continue to employ the conventional energy Limited (EESL). The Government of India aimed to install
management method. A diverse strategy is needed to address 250 million smart meters in all states over the next three to
these issues, one that includes developing technology that four years, based on the results of this survey, which makes
can meet energy demands while reducing their negative this paper much more relevant and important [3].
effects on the environment, adopting renewable energy
sources, and implementing energy efficiency measures. The II. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
energy distribution firms will be able to handle billing
Based on recent efforts and advances, a single-phase, low-
system and energy consumption data more quickly and
cost domestic SEM system that tracks energy utilization has
easily with the aid of this article, which will expedite their
been developed. The system consists of a smart energy meter

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(sensing device) and wireless media. For the purpose of intended. It converts the pulses into data and shows it on the
communicating with the entire system, the sensing device is attached LCD. The units used by the user and their
connected to the wireless medium. The data from the energy associated costs make up the proposed data [12-15].
meter is collected and transmitted wirelessly from a This GSM/Wi-Fi module can communicate with the
microcontroller (such an Arduino, Raspberry Pi, etc.) [11]. Arduino in both directions. While the module communicates
with the cloud infrastructure and the circuit, Arduino starts
A. Methodology
it. This module's primary job is to receive the computed unit
An Arduino microcontroller is typically connected to a values and transmit them via any wireless channel. The
conventional energy meter. Every calculation that needs to module is connected to a device, like web servers or mobile
be done on the demand side and subsequently relayed to the devices, over this wireless means.
server side is handled by the Arduino. GSM modules are the Here, the Arduino is connected to two separate modules: the
most common type of communication equipment used for GSM module and the Wi-Fi module. While the WIFI module
data transport [1,2]. At the conclusion of each cycle, an connects the web server through IOT, the GSM module uses
automated bill is generated by the server-side, which then SMS services to connect the mobile device [13,14].
effectively stores data and updates on the web itself. In order
to achieve remote control over the different parameters that C. Development using IoT
can be changed for effective power management, there is The Internet of Things is referred to as IOT. An essential
also a server-to-client communication mechanism involved component of Internet of Things-enabled smart meters is the
[12]. Consequently, this bidirectional communication line node MCU module [4,5]. It is a network of connected
guarantees both automation and optimization, serving as the gadgets that can share information and enable internet-based
cornerstone around which the entire process of power communication amongst the various devices. Any kind of
management is built. The conventional energy meter in the equipment can be used, including household appliances,
proposed model has an external circuit connected to it that automobiles, industrial machinery, electronic gadgets, and
first connects to an LCD display to show the energy any machine or sensor that is connected to a network. The
consumption's current value or reading. The system's core primary goal of the Internet of Things is to link devices to
component is the Arduino. It computes the units and one another over a network and utilize those devices to
associated cost for the opto-coupler's continuous pulse gather and distribute data, which enhances productivity,
monitoring and then transmits the result to the GSM module performance, automation, and the system's ability to make
and LCD display that are linked to the Arduino [6]. The decisions [7].
cloud infrastructure and IoT hardware architecture revolve Systems may now remotely operate and transfer data to
around the GSM module. It notifies the user of the data various areas of connected devices via a network thanks to
obtained from the Arduino through SMS, or the values can the Internet of Things. The Arduino is connected to the
be viewed on different web-apps [4]. various parts, and it uses the meter's readings of current,
voltage, and power consumption to send the information to
B. Block Diagram
the LCD and communication module. The communication
module transmits the data to the server, and the LCD shows
the data (power consumed). The primary control of the smart
meter is determined by the central system, which is utilized
to retrieve data from the server. Additionally, it gives the
customer a ID and Password to view the data online from a
distance. Smart meters are equipped with various security
methods such as authentication and encryption to ensure the
confidentiality and integrity of data transferred [8,9]. This is
required to prevent tampering and unauthorized access.

III. MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS

In Conventional Energy Meter, it takes 1500 to 3000 blinks
of Cal LED of meter to consume 1 unit of power.
Figure 1: Block diagram for SEM But for practical implementation in limited time, we have
taken i.e.
10 blinks = 1 unit.
The functioning of a smart energy meter system depends on
Now to calculate Consumption cost, we let
a number of components and technology. The brains of the
X be the number of LED blinks.
system are Arduino in the suggested design. He, an LCD
Y is the quantity of power in units.
display, a GSM/WI-FI module, a relay, and an energy meter
Z is the consumption cost.
are all linked to an Arduino. The main line connects the
Then, Y = (X/10)
energy meter to the AC source, while the load line connects
Let us assume a unit cost of 10 Rupees. Then,
it to the load. Additionally, there is a relay that the Arduino
Z = Y * 10rs
itself controls that is placed between the meter and the load.
For example-
When necessary, the relay is used to divert the load from the
when 30 blinks are read by Arduino, it will calculate
supply [1,4,11].
Unit consumed(Y) = X/10 = 30/10 = 3
The Arduino is linked to the energy meter, and it sends
Now the cost of consumption(Z) = 3*10Rs = 30Rs
pulses to the Arduino as input signals using Optocoupler.
Here we also set the threshold value of meter to 5 units on
Codes are encoded in the Arduino to enable it to function as

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reaching it, Buzzer in the circuit will beep to indicate connected to Arduino. Arduino collects the data and display
recharge is needed for functioning of meter. it on the LCD while also transferring the data wirelessly to
the phones via SMS and Webservers. In Fig 3 and 4 we have
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION used the model in two modes. In Fig 3 only one load is
connected to supply while in Fig 4 two parallel loads are
The results of the model discussed are shown here: connected to supply.
A. Design of Proposed Model

Figure 2: Proposed Model Figure 4: Loads are connected to supply

The presented model in Fig 2 has a conventional energy C. Data received via SMS
meter, Arduino as controller, LCD display, an optocoupler
and a relay. The model also has two modules namely GSM Here the data is received on the consumer Mobile Phone
module and Node MCU. It also has some loads connected to using SMS services. SMS service also provide a chain a
it, for reference which taken as bulbs with different wattages. command so as to recharge the energy meter and demand the
The main AC supply is given to the electric meter. The cal data at any time and also other feature.
sign of meter is connected to optocoupler which calibrates it
according to the command of Arduino. Arduino is also
connected to the LCD which displays the data of amount of
recharge and units consumed. Relay is also provided to
protect the circuit from overcurrent. Loads are connected to
the meter through the relay. Arduino uses GSM and Node
MCU to transfer the data wirelessly to the SMS and
webserver respectively.
B. Working of Model

Figure 5: Data received via GSM Module

In Fig 5, the SMS servisces of the model is shown. Here

whenever the meter is ON it will send the ‘Welcome To
Energy Meter’ SMS to the user. The user can use the ‘Data’
command to access price and unit consumed from the meter.

Figure 3: When only one load is connected to supply

The proposed model works with the integration with three

main fields of engineering i.e. Electrical, Electronics and .
Computer Science. The units consumed by the user is
calculated using a conventional energy meter which is Figure 6: Easy recharging option via SMS

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In Fig 6, the use of ‘ATrech’ command is depicted. The

GSM module SIM900a configurable via AT command. Here
we have used the AT command to recharge the Energy
Meter.
In Fig 7, warning from the meter is recevied. There are two
types of warnings i.e. about low balance in the meter and
when the balance is finished.

Figure 7: Notification when balance is low

D. Readings on Web Server

Figure 8: Data received using Node MCU on Web server

In Fig 8, the data of energy meter is received on Web server

using Node MCU in the model. The data is displayed as a
series of graph which is easy for the user to interpret.
E. Performance Analysis
Here we have performed an experiment to test our
proposed model under different load variation. We have
taken 4 loads of different Wattage from 100W to 400W
and unit vs time graph is plotted for 10 units of
consumption. These graphs are shown on webserver which
will help the users to easily interpret the data and monitor
and control their energy consumption.
i) When 100W is connected to the Supply
In Fig 9, the unit vs time graph shows 10 units of energy
Figure 9: Unit Vs Time for 1ooW
consumed by 100 W filament bulb. Here the graph is
almost like a straight line from 50 units to 40 units and 22
minutes was taken. ii) When 200W is connected to the Supply
In Fig 10, the unit vs time graph shows 10 units of energy
consumed by 200 W filament bulb. Here the energy is
consumed from 40 units to 30 units and graph has a little
bit of inclination from the previous graph. Here it took 10
minutes less than the 100W bulb for same amount of
consumption.

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v) Time Taken by Each Load For 10 Units of

Consumption

Table 1: Time taken for 10 units of consumption

Load Time (in min)

100 W 22:19

200 W 12:49

300 W 10:05

400 W 6:18

In the above table 1, we have collected the data about the

time taken by each load to consume 10 units of energy
from the graphs. This shows us that with increase in load,
there is decrease in the time taken. Here the maximum
Figure 10: Unit Vs Time for 2ooW
deviation of time taken is observed from 100W to 200W
i.e. 10 minutes.
iii) When 300W is Connected to the Supply vi) Variation in Pulse Rate in Each Load
In Fig 11, the unit vs time graph shows 10 units of energy
consumed by 300 W filament bulb. Here the units are Table 2: Pulse rate variation
consumed from 24 units to 14 units. The graph has more
Time taken for Time for each
inclination from the previous graphs which shows that less
Load 0-9 pulses (in pulse in (in secs)
time is taken than 100W (almost 13 mins). min)
100 W 01:53 11.3

200 W 01:18 7.8

300 W 00:57 5.7

400 W 00:44 4.4

In the above table 2, we have calculated the pulse rate

variation for each load. Table shows that with increase in
load, pulse rate decreases. Here maximum deviation for
change in each pulse is also from 100W to 200W i.e. about
5 seconds.

V. CONCLUSION
Figure 11: Unit Vs Time for 3ooW
An attempt has been made to design a practical model of
Advanced Energy Meter using IoT. The data from the meter
iv) When 400W is connected to the Supply is received via SMS and also displayed through graphs for
In Fig 12, the unit vs time graph shows 10 units of energy easy interpretation and controlling. The model is also
consumed by 400 W filament bulb. Here the units are subjected to different load variation wherein we can
consumed from 14 units to 4 units which took 14 minutes conclude that with the increase in load wattage the units get
less than 100W bulb. consumed at a faster rate. This will help both the consumer
and provider to monitor their power consumption on daily
basis and regulate it.

VI. FUTURE SCOPE

In the coming Era of technology, Smart Energy Meter will
see drastic advancements due to its integration with IoT. Big
Data analytics will also be used to analyze the data of Smart
meters. This technology will also help in enhancing the grid
performance by pro viding insights into network health and
load distribution.
Smart meters are essential for building a resilient and flexible
energy system, benefitting consumers, energy providers and
country’s economy.
Figure 12: Unit Vs Time for 4ooW

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