Harry Potter and The Chamber of Secrets

9/2/2020 Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets - Wikipedia
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets

Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets is a fantasy novel
written by British author J. K. Rowling and the second novel in the Harry Potter and the
Harry Potter series. The plot follows Harry's second year at Chamber of Secrets
Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, during which a series
of messages on the walls of the school's corridors warn that the
"Chamber of Secrets" has been opened and that the "heir of
Slytherin" would kill all pupils who do not come from all-magical
families. These threats are found after attacks that leave residents of
the school petrified. Throughout the year, Harry and his friends Ron
and Hermione investigate the attacks.
The book was published in the United Kingdom on 2 July 1998 by

Bloomsbury and later in the United States on 2 June 1999 by
Scholastic Inc. Although Rowling says she found it difficult to finish
the book, it won high praise and awards from critics, young readers,
and the book industry, although some critics thought the story was
perhaps too frightening for younger children. Much like with other
novels in the series, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
triggered religious debates; some religious authorities have
condemned its use of magical themes, whereas others have praised
its emphasis on self-sacrifice and the way one's character is the
result of one's choices. Jacket art of the original UK edition
Author J. K. Rowling
Several commentators have noted that personal identity is a strong
theme in the book and that it addresses issues of racism through the Illustrator Cliff Wright (UK
treatment of non-human, non-magical, and non-living people. Some Edition)
commentators regard the diary as a warning against uncritical Jonny Duddle (2014
acceptance of information from sources whose motives and UK Edition)
reliability cannot be checked. Institutional authority is portrayed as Mary GrandPré (US
self-serving and incompetent.
Edition)
The film adaptation of the novel, released in 2002, became (at that Kazu Kibuishi (2013
time) the fifth highest-grossing film ever and received generally US Edition)
favourable reviews. Video games loosely based on Harry Potter and Jim Kay (Illustrated
the Chamber of Secrets were also released for several platforms, and edition)
most obtained favourable reviews.
Country United Kingdom
Language English
Series Harry Potter
Contents
Release 2nd in series
Plot number
Publication and reception Genre Fantasy
Development Publisher Bloomsbury (UK)
Publication (Canada 2010–
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Chamber_of_Secrets 1/12
Critical response present)

Awards and honours Arthur A. Levine/
Main themes Scholastic (US)
Connection to Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince Raincoast (Canada
Adaptations 1998–2010)
Film Publication 2 July 1998 (UK)
Video games date 2 June 1999 (US)
References Pages 251 (UK Edition)
External links 360 (2014 UK
Edition)
341 (US Edition)
Plot 368 (2013 US
Edition) )
On Harry Potter's twelfth birthday, the Dursley family—Harry's 272 (Illustrated
uncle Vernon, aunt Petunia, and cousin Dudley—hold a dinner party Edition)
for a potential client of Vernon's company. Uninvited, Harry, who ISBN 0-7475-3849-2
has not been receiving any news from his school friends, is visited by
a house-elf named Dobby. Dobby warns Harry not to return to Preceded by Harry Potter and the
Hogwarts, and has been intercepting the post from his friends. Philosopher's Stone
Failing to persuade Harry to not return to Hogwarts, Dobby uses Followed by Harry Potter and the
magic to smash Petunia's dessert on the kitchen floor, framing Prisoner of Azkaban
Harry, who is not allowed to use magic outside school, in an attempt
to get him expelled. The Ministry of Magic warns Harry against using more magic, but allows him to
return at the start of the next year.
Meanwhile, as his business deal has fallen through, Vernon locks Harry in his bedroom. Harry’s best
friend Ron Weasley arrives with his twin brothers Fred and George in their father Arthur’s enchanted
Ford Anglia. They rescue Harry, who stays at their family home, the Burrow, for the remainder of his
holidays. Harry and the other Weasleys—mother Molly, third-eldest son Percy, and daughter Ginny (who
has a crush on Harry)—travel to Diagon Alley. They meet Hermione Granger, Lucius Malfoy, father of
Harry’s school nemesis Draco, and Gilderoy Lockhart, a conceited autobiographer appointed new
Defence Against the Dark Arts professor after the death of Professor Quirrell. At King Cross station,
Harry and Ron can't enter Platform 93⁄4. Having missed the Hogwarts Express they decide to fly Arthur’s
car to the school, crashing into the Whomping Willow on the grounds, and damaging Ron's wand.
Throughout the year, Harry learns that prejudiced wizards discriminate between people with “pure”
blood (only wizarding heritage) and those of Muggle (non-magical) parentage. He also notices a voice
only he can hear, seemingly coming from the walls of the school. During a deathday party for Gryffindor
House’s ghost Nearly Headless Nick, Harry, Ron, and Hermione find the school caretaker Argus Filch’s
petrified cat, Mrs. Norris, and a scrawled warning: “The Chamber of Secrets has been opened. Enemies
of the heir, beware.”
Rumours regarding the Chamber of Secrets begin circulating. Harry discovers from Cuthbert Binns, the
professor of History of Magic, that it allegedly houses a monster and was created by one of the school’s
founders, Salazar Slytherin, after a disagreement with the other founders (Godric Gryffindor, Helga
Hufflepuff, and Rowena Ravenclaw). Slytherin believed the school should exclude Muggle-born
students, and built the chamber to that end. Supposedly, the Heir of Slytherin could open it and control
the monster inside.
During a Quidditch game, a Bludger chases Harry and breaks his arm. Attempting to mend it, Lockhart
accidentally removes the arm's bones, forcing Harry to stay in the hospital wing overnight to heal. Dobby
visits Harry in the night, confessing that he charmed the Bludger and sealed the gateway at King’s Cross
and revealing that the Chamber of Secrets was opened before. Another attack occurs on first-year
Gryffindor student Colin Creevey, giving rise to panic in Hogwarts. A duelling class is set up for the
students (led by Lockhart and Potions master Severus Snape), during which it is revealed that Harry is a
'Parselmouth', having the rare ability to speak to snakes.
This sparks rumours that Harry is the Heir of Slytherin, as Slytherin was also a Parselmouth. Another
attack occurs on Hufflepuff second-year Justin Finch-Fletchley and Nearly Headless Nick, fueling the
rumour. Harry, Ron, and Hermione begin to suspect Draco Malfoy is behind the attacks, given his
family's connections with Slytherin house and open hostility toward Muggle-born students. To confirm
this, Hermione concocts Polyjuice Potion, which allows Harry and Ron to impersonate Draco’s lackeys
Vincent Crabbe and Gregory Goyle. The disguised Harry and Ron interrogate Draco, discovering that
Draco’s father told him little about the Chamber's previous opening, and that it occurred fifty years ago.
Meanwhile, "Moaning" Myrtle Warren, a ghost that haunts a girls' bathroom provides a new clue, in the
form of a diary deposited in her stall. The diary belonged to Tom Riddle, a student who witnessed a
fellow student’s death when the Chamber was opened. Harry magically communicates with Riddle using
the diary; Riddle claims Rubeus Hagrid, gamekeeper for Hogwarts, was to blame. When Hermione is
attacked next, alongside a Ravenclaw prefect, the school is put on lockdown, and headmaster Albus
Dumbledore and Hagrid are forced to leave.
Following instructions Hagrid had left, Harry and Ron follow spiders into the Forbidden Forest. They
find a massive Acromantula named Aragog, a monster blamed for the attacks fifty years before. Aragog
denies its involvement, and tells them that spiders fear the real monster. Although Aragog attempts to
feed Harry and Ron to its progeny, Arthur's Ford Anglia arrives and helps the boys escape. Visiting
Hermione, they discover that she had deduced the monster's identity prior to her attack. The monster is
a basilisk (hence Harry’s ability to understand it) that kills with a stare (although no one is dead because
of various devices through which they indirectly saw the monster), feared by spiders. From Aragog's
hints, Harry deduces that Myrtle was the student killed in the original attack. When Ginny is taken into
the Chamber, Harry and Ron discover that the entrance to it is in Myrtle's bathroom. Harry, Ron, and
Lockhart enter the Chamber. The dunderheaded professor, who confesses he is a fraud, attempts to erase
the boys’ memories with Ron’s damaged wand, but instead erases his own and causes a rockfall
separating Ron and Harry.
Harry enters the Chamber of Secrets alone to find Ginny unconscious and Tom Riddle, who claims to be
a memory preserved in his diary. Riddle claims to be the Heir of Slytherin; furthermore, his full name,
Tom Marvolo Riddle, can be made into the anagram "I am Lord Voldemort". He had opened the
Chamber before and framed Hagrid. By possessing Ginny through his diary, Riddle has been continuing
what he started, and unleashes the basilisk against Harry. Harry shows loyalty to Dumbledore in this
ordeal, which summons Dumbledore's phoenix Fawkes, who arrives with the Sorting Hat. Fawkes blinds
the basilisk, allowing Harry to pull the Sword of Godric Gryffindor from the Sorting Hat and slay the
creature, although he is poisoned in the process. As Riddle taunts the dying Harry, Fawkes' tears heal
him, and he uses a basilisk fang to stab Riddle's diary. Both the diary and Riddle are destroyed, and
Ginny is restored.
Harry, Ron, Ginny, and Lockhart return to the main castle and reunite with McGonagall, Dumbledore,
and Mr. and Mrs. Weasley. Ginny is reprieved by Dumbledore, who shows interest in the diary. Lucius
Malfoy bursts in, furious about Dumbledore's return. He is accompanied by Dobby, who is the Malfoys'
servant. Harry realizes that the diary had been in the Malfoys’ possession. To ensure the reopening of the
Chamber of Secrets, Lucius, a follower of Voldemort, had slipped the diary into Ginny's cauldron when
they met in Diagon Alley. Harry hides a sock in the diary and returns it to Lucius. By discarding the sock,
which Dobby catches, Lucius unintentionally frees the house-elf from the Malfoys’ service. Lucius attacks
Harry in revenge, but Dobby saves him. The petrified students are cured, Gryffindor wins the house cup
again, Harry and Ron receive special awards, exams are cancelled, Hagrid returns, Lockhart is
discharged, and Harry returns to Privet Drive in high spirits.
Publication and reception
Development
Rowling found it difficult to finish Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets because she was afraid it
would not live up to the expectations raised by Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. After
delivering the manuscript to Bloomsbury on schedule, she took it back for six weeks of revision.[1]
In early drafts of the book, the ghost Nearly Headless Nick sang a self-composed song explaining his
condition and the circumstances of his unknown death. This was cut because the book's editor did not
care for the poem, which has been subsequently published as an extra on J. K. Rowling's official
website.[2] The family background of Dean Thomas was removed because Rowling and her publishers
considered it an "unnecessary digression," and she considered Neville Longbottom's own journey of
discovery "more important to the central plot."[3]
Publication
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets was published in the UK on 2 July 1998 and in the US on 2
June 1999.[4][5] It immediately took first place in UK bestseller lists, displacing popular authors such as
John Grisham, Tom Clancy,[1] and Terry Pratchett[6] and making Rowling the first author to win the
British Book Awards Children's Book of the Year for two years in succession.[7] In June 1999, it went
straight to the top of three US bestseller lists,[8] including in The New York Times.[9]
First edition printings had several errors, which were fixed in subsequent reprints.[10] Initially,
Dumbledore said Voldemort was the last remaining ancestor of Salazar Slytherin instead of his
descendant.[10] Gilderoy Lockhart's book on werewolves is entitled Weekends with Werewolves at one
point and Wanderings with Werewolves later in the book.[11]
Critical response
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets was met with near-universal acclaim. In The Times, Deborah
Loudon described it as a children's book that would be "re-read into adulthood" and highlighted its
"strong plots, engaging characters, excellent jokes and a moral message which flows naturally from the
story".[12] Fantasy author Charles de Lint agreed, and considered the second Harry Potter book to be just
as good as Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, a rare achievement among series of books.[13]
Thomas Wagner regarded the plot as very similar to that of the first book, based on searching for a secret
hidden under the school. However, he enjoyed the parody of celebrities and their fans that centres round
Gilderoy Lockhart, and approved of the book's handling of racism.[14] Tammy Nezol found the book
more disturbing than its predecessor, particularly in the rash behaviour of Harry and his friends after
Harry withholds information from Dumbledore, and in the human-like behaviour of the mandragoras
used to make a potion that cures petrification. Nevertheless, she considered the second story as
enjoyable as the first.[15]
Mary Stuart thought the final conflict with Tom Riddle in the Chamber was almost as scary as in some of
Stephen King's works, and perhaps too strong for young or timid children. She commented that "there
are enough surprises and imaginative details thrown in as would normally fill five lesser books." Like
other reviewers, she thought the book would give pleasure to both children and adult readers.[16]
According to Philip Nel, the early reviews gave unalloyed praise while the later ones included some
criticisms, although they still agreed that the book was outstanding.[17]
Writing after all seven books had been published, Graeme Davis regarded Harry Potter and the
Chamber of Secrets as the weakest of the series, and agreed that the plot structure is much the same as
in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. He described Fawkes's appearance to arm Harry and then
to heal him as a deus ex machina: he said that the book does not explain how Fawkes knew where to find
Harry; and Fawkes's timing had to be very precise, as arriving earlier would probably have prevented the
battle with the basilisk, while arriving later would have been fatal to Harry and Ginny.[18]
Awards and honours
Rowling's Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets was the recipient of several awards.[19] The
American Library Association listed the novel among its 2000 Notable Children's Books,[20] as well as its
Best Books for Young Adults.[21] In 1999, Booklist named Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets as
one of its Editors' Choices,[22] and as one of its Top Ten Fantasy Novels for Youth.[19] The Cooperative
Children's Book Center made the novel a CCBC Choice of 2000 in the "Fiction for Children" category.[23]
The novel also won Children's Book of the Year British Book Award,[24] and was shortlisted for the 1998
Guardian Children's Award and the 1998 Carnegie Award.[19]
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets won the Nestlé Smarties Book Prize 1998 Gold Medal in the
9–11 years division.[24] Rowling also won two other Nestlé Smarties Book Prizes for Harry Potter and
the Philosopher's Stone and Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. The Scottish Arts Council
awarded their first ever Children’s Book Award to the novel in 1999,[25] and it was also awarded
Whitaker's Platinum Book Award in 2001.[19][26] In 2003, the novel was listed at number 23 on the
BBC's survey The Big Read.[27]
Main themes
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets continues to examine what makes a person who he or she is,
which began in the first book. As well as maintaining that Harry's identity is shaped by his decisions
rather than any aspect of his birth,[15][28] Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets provides contrasting
characters who try to conceal their true personalities: as Tammy Nezol puts it, Gilderoy Lockhart "lacks
any real identity" because he is nothing more than a charming liar.[15] Riddle also complicates Harry's
struggle to understand himself by pointing out the similarities between the two: "both half-bloods,
orphans raised by Muggles, probably the only two Parselmouths to come to Hogwarts since the great
Slytherin."[29]
Opposition to class, death and its impacts, experiencing adolescence, sacrifice, love, friendship, loyalty,
prejudice, and racism are constant themes of the series. In Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
Harry's consideration and respect for others extends to the lowly, non-human Dobby and the ghost
Nearly Headless Nick.[30] According to Marguerite Krause, achievements in the novel depend more on
ingenuity and hard work than on natural talents.[31]
Edward Duffy, associate professor at Marquette University, says that one of the central characters of
Chamber of Secrets is Tom Riddle's enchanted diary, which takes control of Ginny Weasley – just as
Riddle planned. Duffy suggests Rowling intended this as a warning against passively consuming
information from sources that have their own agendas.[32] Although Bronwyn Williams and Amy Zenger
regard the diary as more like an instant messaging or chat room system, they agree about the dangers of
relying too much on the written word, which can camouflage the author, and they highlight a comical
example, Lockhart's self-promoting books.[33]
Immorality and the portrayal of authority as negative are significant themes in the novel. Marguerite
Krause states there are few absolute moral rules in Harry Potter's world, for example Harry prefers to tell
the truth, but lies whenever he considers it necessary – very like his enemy Draco Malfoy.[31] At the end
of Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, Dumbledore retracts his promise to punish Harry, Ron,
and Hermione if they break any more school rules – after Professor McGonagall estimates they have
broken over 100 – and lavishly rewards them for ending the threat from the Chamber of Secrets.[34]
Krause further states that authority figures and political institutions receive little respect from
Rowling.[31] William MacNeil of Griffith University, Queensland, Australia states that the Minister for
Magic is presented as a mediocrity.[35] In his article "Harry Potter and the Secular City", Ken Jacobson
suggests the Ministry as a whole is portrayed as a tangle of bureaucratic empires, saying that "Ministry
officials busy themselves with minutiae (e.g. standardising cauldron thicknesses) and coin politically
correct euphemisms like 'non-magical community' (for Muggles) and 'memory modification' (for magical
brainwashing)."[28]
This novel implies it begins in 1992: the cake for Nearly-Headless Nick's 500th deathday party bears the
words "Sir Nicholas De Mimsy Porpington died 31 October 1492".[36][37]
Connection to Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
Chamber of Secrets has many links with the sixth book of the series, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood
Prince. In fact, Half-Blood Prince was the working title of Chamber of Secrets and Rowling says she
originally intended to present some "crucial pieces of information" in the second book, but ultimately felt
"this information's proper home was book six".[38] Some objects that play significant roles in Half-Blood
Prince first appear in Chamber of Secrets: the Hand of Glory and the opal necklace that are on sale in
Borgin and Burkes; a Vanishing Cabinet in Hogwarts that is damaged by Peeves the Poltergeist; and Tom
Riddle's diary, which is later shown to be a Horcrux.[39] Additionally, these two novels are the ones with
the most focus on Harry's relationship with Ginny Weasley.
Adaptations
Film
The film version of Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets was released in 2002.[40] Chris Columbus
directed the film,[41] and the screenplay was written by Steve Kloves. It became the third film to exceed
$600 million in international box office sales, preceded by Titanic, released in 1997, and Harry Potter
and the Philosopher's Stone, released in 2001.[42] The film was nominated for a Saturn Award for the
Best Fantasy Film,[42][43] According to Metacritic, the film version of Harry Potter and the Chamber of
Secrets received "generally favourable reviews" with an average score of 63%,[44] and another
aggregator, Rotten Tomatoes, gave it a score of 82%.[41]
Video games
Five unique video games by different developers were released between 2002 and 2003 by Electronic
Arts, loosely based on the book:
Release
Developer Platform Genre GameRankings Metacritic Notes
date
Microsoft
KnowWonder Adventure/puzzle 71.46%[45] 77/100[46]
Windows
Argonaut PlayStation Action-adventure 70.50%[47] 74/100[48]

Game Boy Role-playing
Griptonite 77.33%[49] N/A
Color game
14 November
2002 Game Boy
Action puzzle 73.44%[50] 76/100[51]
Advance
Eurocom
GameCube 73.29%[52] 77/100[53]
PlayStation 2 Action-adventure 70.44%[54] 71/100[55]
Xbox 74.58%[56] 77/100[57]

Port of
Aspyr 10 April 2003 Mac OS X Adventure/puzzle N/A N/A Windows
version
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External links
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The book was published in the United Kingdom on 2 July 1998 by

Critical response present)

Publication and reception

Awards and honours

Connection to Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

Argonaut PlayStation Action-adventure 70.50%[47] 74/100[48]

PlayStation 2 Action-adventure 70.44%[54] 71/100[55]

Xbox 74.58%[56] 77/100[57]

21. "Best Books for Young Adults" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090501061416/http://www.ala.org/ala/

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