CBSE Class 11 Physics

Sample Paper 09 (2019-20)

Maximum Marks: 70
Time Allowed: 3 hours

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory. There are 37 questions in all.

2. This question paper has four sections: Section A, Section B, Section C and Section D.
3. Section A contains twenty questions of one mark each, Section B contains seven questions
of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, and Section D
contains three questions of five marks each.
4. There is no overall choice. However, internal choices have been provided in two
questions of one mark each, two questions of two marks, one question of three marks and
three questions of five marks weightage. You have to attempt only one of the choices in
such questions.

Section A

1. Good and bad effects of a particular scientific/technological advance such as prenatal

sex determination should in general be weighed by

a. well being and welfare of the scientists

b. well being and welfare of the society i.e. whether or not it does good for the
human kind

c. well being and welfare of the originators of the advance

d. well being and welfare of the rulers

2. The speed of a projectile when it is at its greatest height is times its speed at half

the max height. What is the angle of projection?

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 a.

b.

c.

d.

3. A truck starts from rest and accelerates uniformly at 2.0 ms-2. At t = 10 s, a stone is
dropped by a person standing on the top of the truck (6 m high from the ground).

What is the magnitude of velocity (in ms-1) of the stone at t = 11s? (Neglect air
resistance.)

a. 22.4 m/s

b. 19.6 m/s

c. 18.5 m/s

d. 21.0 m/s

4. if particles A and B are moving with velocities and (each with respect to some
common frame of reference, say ground.). Then, velocity of particle A relative to that
of B is:

a. = +

b. = -

c. =- +

d. =- -

5. A bolt of mass 0.3 kg falls from the ceiling of an elevator moving down with an
uniform speed of 7 m/s. It hits the floor of the elevator (length of the elevator = 3 m)
and does not rebound. What is the heat produced by the impact?

a. 9.22 J

b. 8.42 J

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 c. 8.82 J

d. 8.11 J

6. A rigid bar of mass 15 kg is supported symmetrically by three wires each 2.0 m long.
Those at each end are of copper and the middle one is of iron. Determine the ratios of
their diameters if each is to have the same tension.
a. = 1.55
b. = 1.25
c. = 1.35
d. = 1.45

7. A body cools from 80 C to 50 C in 5 minutes. Calculate the time it takes to cool from
60 C to 30 C. The temperature of the surroundings is 20 C.

a. 12 min

b. 9 min

c. 15 min

d. 6 min

8. A geyser heats water flowing at the rate of 3.0 liters per minute from 27 C to 77 C. If
the geyser operates on a gas burner, what is the rate of consumption of the fuel if its
heat of combustion is 4.0 J/g?

a. 16 g per min

b. 18 g per min

c. 14 g per min

d. 12 g per min

9. Estimate the fraction of molecular volume to the actual volume occupied by oxygen

gas at STP. Take the diameter of an oxygen molecule to be 3 .

a. 5

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 b. 4.5

c. 3.5

d. 3.8

10. in the same medium transverse and longitudinal waves

a. travel changing longitudinal wave to transverse wave

b. travel with different speeds

c. travel changing transverse wave to longitudinal wave

d. travel with same speeds

11. Fill in the blanks:

Moon revolving around the earth comes under _______ dimensional motion.

OR

Fill in the blanks:

The earth is a _______ frame of reference.

12. Fill in the blanks:

________ deals with the study of phenomena related to light.

13. Fill in the blanks:

The sum of two vectors is ________, when both the vectors are in the same direction.

14. Fill in the blanks:

The internal restoring force acting per unit area of a deformed body is called ________.

15. Fill in the blanks:

Latent heat of ________ is the latent heat for solid-liquid state change.

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16. Can there be motion in two dimensions with an acceleration only in one dimension?

17. Under what condition is the work done by a force zero inspite of displacement of the
body?

18. A boulder is thrown into a deep lake. As it sinks deeper and deeper into water, does
the buoyant force changes?

19. Why is the energy of thermal radiation less than that of visible light?

20. If an explosion takes place at the bottom of lake or sea, will the shock waves in Water
be longitudinal or transverse?

OR

When two waves of almost equal frequencies n1 and n2 reach at a point,

simultaneously. What is the time interval between successive maxima?

21. Derive v = u + at from velocity-time graph.

22. A bullet fired at an angle of 30° with the horizontal hits the ground 3 km away. By
adjusting its angle of projection, can one hope to hit a target 5 km away? Assume the
muzzle speed to be fixed, and neglect air resistance.

23. A 3m long ladder weighting 20 kg leans on a frictionless wall. Its feet rest on the floor
1 m from the wall as shown in figure. Find the reaction forces F1 and F2 of the wall

and the floor.

24. The mean orbital radius of the earth around the sun is 1.5 108 km. Calculate mass

of the sun if G = 6.67 1011 Nm2/kg-2?

25. A car moving on a straight highway with speed of 126km/hr. is brought to stop within
a distance of 200m. What is the retardation of the car (assumed uniform) and how

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 long does it take for the car to stop?

26. Find the temperature of 149°F on Kelvin scale.

OR

What are the basic requirements of a cooking utensil in respect of specific heat,
thermal conductivity and coefficient of expansion?

27. What are the assumptions of kinetic theory of gas?

OR

A vessel contains a mixture of 1 mole of oxygen and 2 moles of nitrogen at 300 K. Find
the ratio of average rotational kinetic energy per oxygen molecule to per nitrogen
molecule.

28. If l1 = (10 .0 ± 0.1) cm and l2 = (9.0 ± 0.1) cm, find their sum, difference and percentage

error in each.

29. A particle is moving along a straight line and its position is given by the relation x = (t3

- 6t2 - 15t + 40)m

Find

i. The time at which velocity is zero.

ii. Position & Displacement at this point
iii. Acceleration for the particle at the point.

30. Show that total mechanical energy of a freely falling body remains constant
throughout the fall.

31. Two identical heavy spheres are separated by a distance 10 times their radius. Will an
object placed at the midpoint of the line joining their centres be in stable equilibrium
or unstable equilibrium? Give reason for your answer.

32. If eight raindrops each of radius 1 mm are falling through air at a terminal velocity of
5 cm | s. If they coalesce to form a bigger drop, what is the terminal velocity of bigger
drop?

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 OR

The lower end of a capillary tube of diameter 2 mm is dipped 8 cm below the surface
of water in a beaker. What is the pressure required in the tube in order to blow a
hemispherical bubble at its end in water? The surface tension of water at temperature

of the experiments is 7.30 10-2Nm-1, atm = 1.01 105Pa, density of water = 1000

kg/m3, g = 9.80 ms-2. Also, calculate the excess pressure.

33. State and explain First Law of Thermodynamics.

34. Two similar sonometer wires of the same material produce 2 beats per second. The
length of one is 50cm and that of the other is 50.1cm. Calculate the frequencies of two
wires?

35. Two bodies of masses 10 kg and 20 kg respectively kept on a smooth, horizontal

surface are tied to the ends of a light, inextensible string. A horizontal force F = 60 kgf
is applied to

i. A,
ii. B along the direction of string.

What is the tension in the string in each case? [Given, g = 10 m/s2 ]

OR

i. State and prove impulse-momentum theorem.

ii. Figure shows the position-time graph of a body of mass 0.04 kg. Suggest a suitable
physical context for this motion. What is the time between two consecutive
impulses received by the body? What is the magnitude of each impulse?

36. A solid disc and a ring, both of radius 10 cm are placed on a horizontal table

simultaneously, with initial angular speed equal to 10π rad s-1. Which of the two will
start to roll earlier? The co-efficient of kinetic friction is = 0.2.

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 OR

i. Find the moment of inertia of a sphere about a tangent to the sphere, given the
moment of inertia of the sphere about any of its diameters to be , where M is
the mass of the sphere and R is the radius of the sphere.
ii. Given the moment of inertia of a disc of mass M and radius R about any of its
diameters to be , find its moment of inertia about an axis normal to the disc
and passing through a point on its edge.

37. The motion of a particle executing simple harmonic motion is described by the
displacement function, x(t) = Acos( t + ) If the initial (t = 0) position of the particle is
1 cm and its initial velocity is cm /s, then what are its amplitude and initial phase

angle? The angular frequency of the particle is s-1. If instead of the cosine function,
we choose the sine function to describe the SHM, x = Bsin( t + ), then what are the
amplitude and initial phase of the particle with the above initial conditions?

OR

One end of a V-tube containing mercury is connected to a suction pump and the other
end to atmosphere. The two arms of the tube are inclined to horizontal at an angle of
45° each. A small pressure difference is created between two columns when the
suction pump is removed. Will the column of mercury in V-tube execute simple
harmonic motion? Neglect capillary and viscous forces. Find the time period of
oscillation.

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 CBSE Class 11 Physics
Sample Paper 09 (2019-20)

Solution
Section A

1. (b) well being and welfare of the society i.e. whether or not it does good for the
human kind
Explanation: The advancement of new technology has been taking place since the
beginning of human history. From the invention of items like the spear and knifes
made out of rocks and sticks to aid in the capturing and killing of animals for food, to
items like the first printing press and the computer.

The advancement in technology has been exceptionally fast in the 20th and 21st
century. With electronic technology and machines being produced and improved all
the time, it was very likely that along with the positive aspects of these new
advancements, people would also consider the negative aspects and look to criticise
new technology.

What society is taking up from the technology advances, it should be weighed by the
well being and welfare of the society.

2. (a) Explanation:

Time taken to reach the maximum height

Maximum height

Half the maximum height

Horizontal velocity at half the maximum height =

Vertical velocity at half the maximum height =

Velocity at half the maximum height =

According to question,

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 Squaring both sides,

3. (a) 22.4 m/s

Explanation: During first 10 , the horizontal component of the velocity is vx = u + at =

0+2x10 = 20 m/s

From 10 to 11 s, the vertical component of the velocity is vy=u + gt = 0 + 10x1 = 10m/s

Relative velocity is,

4. (b) = -
Explanation:

The relative velocity of an object A with respect to another object B is the velocity that
object A would appear to have to an observer situated on object B moving along with
it.

In simple words relative velocity of A with respect to Be is the vector difference

between the velocities of A and B.

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 It is represented as

5. (c) 8.82 J
Explanation:

Whole of the potential energy of bolt converted in to heat energy

heat produced by the impact = mgh =

6. (b) = 1.25 Explanation:

given condition is that tension in all three wires should be same. thus for same
tension the extension in all three wires will be same.
as natural length of all three wires is same i.e.2.0 m, strain in all three wires will be
equal . SO young modulus of wires.

7. (b) 9 min
Explanation: According to Newton's law of cooling

t = 9min

8. (a) 16 g per min

Explanation:

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 m = mass of water

s = specific heat of water

heat of combustion is 4.0 J/g

rate of consumption of the fuel = Q / Heat of combustion

9. (d) 3.8
Explanation:

Radius =

molecular volume of oxygen

Actual volume of oxygen at STP = 22400cm3

ratio of molercular volume to the actual volume =

10. (b) travel with different speeds

Explanation: As speed of transverse & longitudinal waves depend on different
modulus of elasticity (Young's modulus, Bulk modulus, Modulus of Rigidity) of the
medium.

So in the same medium transverse and longitudinal waves

travel with different speeds

11. two

OR

non-inertial

12. Optics

13. maximum

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14. Stress

15. Fusion or Melting

16. Yes, it can be. For example, in projectile motion, the acceleration of the particle acts
vertically downwards, while the projectile follows a parabolic path ( which is a 2D
motion)

17. Work done by a force is zero even if displacement is not zero, if displacement of the
body is in a direction perpendicular to the direction of force applied.

18. Buoyant force acting on a body is given by F = mg which is equal to weight of liquid
displaced. The buoyant force does not change as the boulder sinks because the
boulder displaces the same volume of water at any depth and because water is
practically incompressible, its density is practically the same at all depth and hence
the weight of water displaced or the buoyant force is same at all depths.

19. The energy of an electromagnetic ware is given by: E = hf

h = Planck’s constant; f = frequency of wave. Since the frequency of thermal radiation
is less than that of visible light, the energy associated with thermal radiation is less
than associated with visible light.

20. Explosion at the bottom of lake or sea create enormous increase in pressure of
medium (water). A shock Wave is thus a longitudinal wave travelling at a speed which
is greater than that of ordinary Wave.

OR

Number of beats/sec = (n1 - n2)

Hence, time interval between two successive beats = time interval between two
successive maxima , since time is the inverse of the number of beats/sec.

21. From the below graph, v = final velocity of the particle, u = initial velocity of the
particle, a = acceleration of the particle.
Slope of v - t graph

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 Again, acceleration a = slope of v - t graph.
Hence, tan = acceleration (a)

22. Given that Horizontal range, R = 3 km and angle of projection of the projectile as 30°

or
Given that the muzzle speed is fixed
Therefore, maximum horizontal range, is

Hence, the bullet cannot hit the target at 5 km.

23.
= 199.0N
If F2 makes an angle with the horizontal then

24. Given that :

R = 1.5 108 Km = 1.5 1011 m

Time period of earth to complete one revolution around the sun is(T) = 365 days = 365
24 3600 s
Centripetal force = gravitational force

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 Ms = 2.01 1030 kg

25. initial velocity u = 126 km/hr

final speed v = 0

stopping distances = 200 m

using equation

(Retardation)

Now using equation v = u + at

t = 11.4s

26. From the relation of Farenheit and Kelvin scales of temperature,

T = 338K

OR

The basic requirements of a cooking utensil are :-

i. A small value of specific heat(C)

ii. A large value of thermal conductivity (K)
iii. Low coefficient of expansion ( ).

27. The assumptions of kinetic theory of gases are:-

i. A gas consists of a very large number of molecules which should be elastic spheres

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 and identical for a given gas.
ii. The molecules of a gas are in a state of continuous rapid and random motion.
iii. The size of gas molecules is very small as compared to the distance between them.
iv. The molecules do not exert any force of attraction or repulsion on each other.
v. The collisions of molecules with one another and with walls of the vessel are
perfectly elastic.

OR

Both oxygen and nitrogen gases are diatomic gases and have two degrees of freedom
per molecule on account of rotational motion.
Average rotational kinetic energy per molecule of either gas,
= = k BT

=1:1

28. Given, l1 = (10 .0 ± 0.1) cm and l2 = (9.0 ± 0.1) cm

sum = l1 + l2

Sum in terms of errors = l1 + l2 = (10 .0 ± 0.1)+ (9.0 ± 0.1)

= (19.0 ± 0.2) cm
Difference = l1 - l2

Difference = l1 - l2 = (10.0 - 9.0) ± (0.1 + 0.1)

= (1.0 ± 0.2) cm ( errors are always added up)

Percentage Error,
For Sum=
For Difference=

29. x = t3 - 6t2 - 15t + 40

i) Since , v = 0

3t2 - 12t - 15 = 0

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 3t2 - 15t + 3t - 15 = 0
3t(t - 5) + 3(t - 5) = 0
(3t + 3)(t - 5) = 0
Either t = -1 or t = 5
Time cannot be negative
t = 5 seconds.

ii) Position at t = 5 s

x = (5)3 - 6(5)2 - 15(5) + 40

x = -60m

At t = 0 s,

x = ( 0 )3 - 6x( 0 )2 - 15x0 + 40 = 40 m
Displacement between t = 0 sec to t = 5 sec
S = Final Position ( x5 ) - Initial Position ( x0 )

x5 = -60m

x0 = 40m

s = -60 - 40
s = -100 m

iii) Acceleration at t = 5s

a = 6t - 12
a = 6(5) - 12
a = (30 - 12)

a = 18m/s2

30. As per principle of conservation of mechanical energy if there is no dissipation of

mechanical energy, then total mechanical energy of a system must remain constant.
Of course, potential energy may be converted into kinetic energy or vice versa but
sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy of a system must remain unchanged.

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Now consider a small-sized object of mass m falling from a point A situated at a height
h.
At point A: Since the object is at rest i.e., u = 0
K.E. of object at point A, KA = 0

and P.E. of object UA = mgh

EA = KA + UA = 0 + mgh = mgh ......................(i)

At point B: Let the objects fall freely through a distance y so as to reach B, where its
velocity v is given by

KE at point B
= mgy
and PE at point B, UB = mg(h - y)

EB = KB + UB = mgy + mg(h - y) = mgh....................(ii)

At point C: Let the object just reaches the ground at point C, where its final velocity V
is given by :

K.E at point C,
and P.E at point C, UC = 0

EC = KC + UC = mgh = 0 = mgh

A simple comparison shows that

EA = EB = EC = mgh = a constant

A graph showing variation of K.E., P.E. and total energy of a freely falling body is
shown below:

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31.
Let mass m is placed at the mid point P of line joining the centres of A and B sphere

The net force . m will be in equilibrium.

If now m is displaced by x slightly from P to A then PA and PB

Hence the resultant force acting on P is towards A, resulting in an unstable

equilibrium.

32. Let the radius of smaller drop = r

Let the radius of bigger drop = R

Volume of smaller drop

Volume of bigger drop

Now, according to the question,

Volume of bigger drop = Volume of 8 smaller drops.

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R3 = 8r3

Taking cube – root

R = 2r
=2 1 mm
(r = 1mm (Given))

= 2mm
= 0.2 cm (1 cm = 10 mm)

Now, Terminal velocity of each small drop 1)

Terminal velocity of bigger drop 2)

= Co-efficient of viscosity

P = Density of body

= Density of fluid

g = acceleration due to gravity

Dividing eq4 2) by 1)

Given Terminal velocity of small drop = 5 cm/s

VT = 20 cm/s

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 OR

Given, ,

As we know,
p0 is outside pressure

Calculate inside pressure required in tube in order to blow a hemispherical bubble

p1 = p0 + , where s = 7.30 10-2 pa-m

p1 = 1.01784 105 +

where the radius of the bubble is taken to be equal to the radius of the capillary tube.
Since the bubble is hemispherical. The excess pressure in the bubble is 146 Pa.

33. According to First Law of Thermodynamics, if an amount of heat Q is supplied to a

thermodynamic system, a part of it may increase the internal energy of the system by
U and the remaining part is used up as the external work done W by the system.
Thus, we have

First Law of Thermodynamics follows the conservation law of energy and establishes
an exact relation between heat transferred and mechanical work done. It provides a
valuable concept of internal energy. It is applicable to every process in nature and to
all the three states of matter i.e., solid, liquid and gases. Moreover, change in internal
energy of a system may be due to any cause like change in translational or rotational
or vibrational kinetic energy or molecular potential energy etc.

34. The frequency (f) of a sonometer wire of length = l, mass = m and Tension = T is given
by

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 Let

So,

In first case;

In second case;

Subtract equation (1) & (2)

Now, given l1 = 50cm; l2 = 50.1 cm

f1 - f2 = 2

So,

50100 = k

So,

35. Horizontal force, F = 60 kgf = 60 g N = 60 10 N = 600 N

Mass of body A, m1 = 10 kg

Mass of body B, m2 = 20 kg

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Total mass of the system, m = m1 + m2 = 30 kg

Using Newton's second law of motion, the acceleration (a) produced in the system can
be calculated as:
F = ma

i. Both the bodies A and B will move with this acceleration as shown in the image.
Now when force F is applied on body A, say the tension acting in the string
between A and B is T.

The equation of motion can be written as:

F - T = m 1a

T = F - m 1a

= 400 N
ii. In this case two bodies A and B will also move with the same acceleration, a = 20

m/s2 but in the opposite direction as shown in the figure. Now when the force F is
applied on body B, say the tension in the string between A and B is T' in this case.

The equation of motion can be written as:

F - T' = m2a

T' = F - m2a​​

OR

i. The principle of conservation of linear momentum states that,"If no external

forces act on the system of two colliding objects, then the vector sum of the linear
momentum of each body remains constant and is not affected by their mutual
interaction." i.e. if . To prove this principle, we
consider a collision between two spheres A and B having masses
of m1 and m2 respectively.Let u1 and u2 be the velocities of the spheres before

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 collision such that u1 > u2 and moving on the same straight line . After collision, let

their velocities be v1 and v2 on the same line. If they collide with each other for a

short time interval t, each sphere exerts a force on the other sphere and so, the
force experienced by A is given as
Similarly, force experienced by B is
According to Newton's third law of motion, the force experienced by A and B are

equal and opposite,

That is, total momentum before collision is equal to total momentum after
collision if no external forces act on them which proves the principle of
conservation of linear momentum.

ii. A ball rebounding between two walls located between at x = 0 cm and x = 2 cm;
after every 2 s, the ball receives an impulse of magnitude
from the walls.
If we take any one of the triangular portion of the graph, we can see that the
position of the ball is increasing uniformly in first 2s and then decreasing at the
same rate in the next 2s. i.e. The ball is coming back to the same position after
every 4s. The given graph shows that a body changes its direction of motion after
every 2 s. Physically, this situation can be visualized as a ball rebounding to and
fro between two stationary walls situated between positions x = 0 cm and x = 2 cm.
Since the slope of the x-t graph reverses after every 2 s, the ball collides with a wall
after every 2 s. Therefore, ball receives an impulse after every 2 s.
Mass of the ball, m = 0.04 kg
The slope of the graph gives the velocity of the ball. Using the graph (in first 2s),
we can calculate initial velocity (u) as:

Velocity of the ball before collision(taking any one of the triangle of the graph and

time for the first 2s), u = 10-2 m/s

Velocity of the ball after collision(taking the same triangle and time for next 2s), v

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 = -10-2 m/s
(Here, the negative sign arises as the ball reverses its direction of motion i.e. the
decrease of position of the ball for next 2s.)
Now from the mathematical explanation of Newton's 2nd law of motion,
Magnitude of impulse = Change in momentum
= |mv - mu|
= |0.04(v - u)|

= |0.04(-10-2 - 10-2)|

36. Radii of the ring and the disc, r = 10 cm = 0.1 m

Initial angular speed, =10 π rad s-1

Coefficient of kinetic friction, = 0.2
Initial velocity of both the objects, u = 0
Motion of the two objects is caused by frictional force. As per Newton's second law of
motion, we have frictional force, f = ma
mg = ma
Where,
a = Acceleration produced in the objects
m = Mass
a= g … (i)
As per the first equation of motion, the final velocity of the objects can be obtained as:
v = u + at

… (ii)
The torque applied by the frictional force will act in a perpendicularly outward
direction and cause a reduction in the initial angular speed.
Torque, T= - Iα
α = Angular acceleration
uz mgr = -Iα

…….(iii)
Using the first equation of rotational motion to obtain the final angular speed:

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 ……(iv)
Rolling starts when linear velocity, v = ru

……(v)

Equating equations (ii) and (v), we get:

…….(vi)
For the ring

……(vii)
For the ring

……(viii)
Since , the disc will start rolling before the ring.

OR

a. The moment of inertia (M.I.) of a sphere about its diameter

Given,
Moment of inertia of the sphere about its diametre = ( )mR²
Use, parallel axis theorem ,
Moment of inertia of the sphere about tangent = I + mR²

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 =( )mR² + mR²
= (7/5)mR²
b. Moment of inertia of disc of mass m and radius R about any of its diametre =
mR²/4
Moment of inertia about diametre = Ix = Iy= ( )mR²
Using , perpendicular axis theorem ,
Iz = Ix + Iy
Where Iz is moment of inertia about perpendicular axis of plane of disc .
Iz = ( )mR² + ( )mR²
=( )mR²

Moment of inertia of disc about passing through a point of its edge

Use , parallel axis theorem,
I = Iz + mR²
=( ) mR² + mR²
=( )mR²

37. Given, displacement equation x(t) = Acos( ) ...(i)

At t = 0; x(0) = 1 cm, velocity of the particle = cm/s

Angular frequency s-1

For t = 0, 1 = A cos ..........(i)

Now,

Again at t = 0, cm/s

...........(ii)
Squaring and adding eqs.(i) and (ii),

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Hence, the amplitude of the SHM = cm
Dividing Eq. (ii) by (i), we get

Now, if instead of cosine, we choose the sine function in the displacement equation,
then
x(t) = B sin
At t = 0, x = 1 cm,
or ............(iii)

Velocity v(t) =

Again at t = 0, v(t) = cm/s

B cos = + 1..............(iv)
Squaring and adding Eqs.(iii) and (iv),

Hence, amplitude of the simple harmonic motion in both types of trigonometric wave
equation expression = cm
Dividing Eq. (iii) by (iv), we get

, only the phase angle differs for sine and cosine wave equation.

OR

L et the liquid column in both arms of the V-tube were at heights initially. Now
due to pressure difference the liquid columns in A arm is pressed by and in arm B is
liftted by (so difference in vertical height between two levels ) Consider an
element of liquid of height dx inside the tube.

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Then its mass (where, A =area of cross-section
of tube, = density of the liquid inside the tube)
Potential energy of the right arm with elementary mass column
Potential energy of elementary mass in left arm column (putting the
value of dm = and h = x)

Total potential energy in left column

From above given figure

Potential energy in the left column =

Similarly potential energy in right column

Total potential energy

Due to pressure difference, left element moves towards right side by 'y' units and the
same element rises in the right arm by 'y' units.
Then the liquid column length in the left arm becomes by decreasing
And the liquid column length in the right arm becomes by increasing
Now decreased potential energy of liquid column in the left arm

Similarly increased potential energy of liquid column in the right arm

Total potential energy due to two liquid columns in the left and right arm

respectively

Final potential energy due to difference in liquid columns in the two arms,

Final potential energy

Now change in potential energy = Final potential energy due to liquid columns in the
two arms– Initial potential energy due to liquid columns in the two arms

Change in potential energy =

If change in velocity (v) of total liquid column be v then change in kinetic energy,

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 Change in Total energy = change in potential energy + change in kinetic energy

Again, from the law of conservation of energy, total change in energy

Differentiating on both sides of the above equation with respect to time,t we get

....(i)
It is the equation of a simple harmonic motion and can be compared with the

standard equation of a simple harmonic motion i.e. .....(ii) [ is the

angular acceleration or angular frequency of the particle executing simple harmonic
motion]
Comparing the above two equations (i) and (ii) we get, ​

[ , T being time period of the simple

harmonic motion]

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