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    SCX 010 - Lesson 5

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    Marielle Estrella

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    SCX 010 - Lesson 5

    Uploaded by

    Marielle Estrella
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    SCX 010_LESSON 5

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    20 views2 pages

    SCX 010 - Lesson 5

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    Marielle Estrella

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    SCX 010_LESSON 5

    Population ecology is the study of populations of organisms, particularly their sizes, densities,
    structures, distributions, and interactions with their environments. This field is a branch of
    ecology that focuses on understanding the dynamics of population changes and the factors that
    influence those changes over time.

    Key concepts and components of population ecology:

    1. Birth Rate (Natality): The rate at which new individuals are born into the population.
    i. Ecological Natality: produce new organisms under actual environmental
    conditions.
    ii. Maximum Natality: physiological ability to produce new individuals due to
    ideal conditions.

    2. Death Rate (Mortality): The rate at which individuals die.

    3. Biotic Potential/Intrinsic Rate of Natural Increase: foundational concept in ecology


    that provides insights into the reproductive dynamics of populations and their capacity to
    grow under ideal conditions.
    ○ Reproductive Rate: The number of offspring produced by an organism over its
    lifetime.
    ○ Survivorship: The ability of offspring to survive to reproductive age.
    ○ Generation Time: The time span between the birth of individuals and when they
    reproduce.
    ○ Age Structure: The distribution of individuals among different age classes.

    4. Population Density: The number of individuals per unit area or volume.

    5. Spacing/Pattern:
    ○ Distribution: The spatial arrangement of individuals within the population, which
    can be random, uniform, or clumped.

    6. Mating Systems: The patterns of mating behavior and social structures that determine
    how individuals in a population pair and reproduce.
    ○ Monogamy: An individual has only one mate at a time.
    ○ Polygamy: Individuals having multiple mates.
    ○ Promiscuity: Individuals mating with multiple partners without forming lasting
    bonds.
    ○ Lekking: Males displaying in specific areas known as leks, where females visit to
    choose mates based on these displays.
    ○ Cooperative breeding: Individuals other than the parents (often related) assist in
    raising the offspring.

    Exponential Growth: When resources are abundant, populations can grow rapidly in an
    exponential manner.

    Logistic Growth: When resources become limited, population growth slows and eventually
    stabilizes at the carrying capacity.

    Factors Influencing Population Growth:


    ● Economic development
    ● Education
    ● Quality of children
    ● Welfare payments/State pensions
    ● Social and cultural factors
    ● Family size closer to desired level
    ● Female labor market participation
    ● Death rates
    ● Immigration levels
    ● Historical factors/war

    Understanding population ecology is essential for managing wildlife populations, conserving


    endangered species, and addressing ecological issues such as habitat destruction, climate
    change, and invasive species. It provides insights into the balance of ecosystems and the
    sustainability of various populations within them.

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