CONTRACEPTION

(ETHICS)

(BSIT-1A)

GROUP 5 MEMBERS:
Balan, Nicolai Benedict

Del Rosario, Charize Mae

Maclang, Rhoannne Suerte Felipe

Marcelino, Jeramie

Ortula, Angela Mae

Palero, Aldrin

Tibon, Jasper Maico

Tolentino, John Hydrix

 CONTENT PRESENTATION

TOPIC PRESENTATION

● Rationale

● Ethical Principle

● Ethical Dilemma

● Example in Reality

BASIS OF THE MORAL PRINCIPLES

● Church

● Laws and Government

● Conclusion

● References
CONTRACEPTION:
The deliberate use of artificial methods or other techniques to prevent pregnancy
because of sexual intercourse. The major forms of artificial contraception are barrier
methods, of which the most common is the condom the contraceptive pill, which
contains synthetic sex hormones that prevent ovulation in the
female intrauterine devices, such as the coil, which prevent
the fertilized ovum from implanting in the uterus and male or female sterilization.
RATIONALE:
By reducing rates of unintended pregnancies, contraception also reduces the need for
unsafe abortion and reduces HIV transmissions from mothers to newborns. This can also
benefit the education of girls and create opportunities for women to participate more
fully in society, including paid employment.

ETHICAL PRINCIPLE OF CONTRACEPTION:

The idea of reproductive autonomy and the freedom of individuals to make
knowledgeable decisions about their own bodies and reproductive options constitute
the foundation of the ethical premise of contraception. It includes a number of ethical
issues, such as
1. Autonomy: Individual autonomy is respected by contraception since it gives users the
power to manage their periods. It acknowledges their right to decide, in light of their
unique situations, health, and wellbeing, if, when, and how many children they wish to
have.

2. Beneficence: By allowing women to schedule pregnancies and have children at

intervals that suit their preferences and financial means, contraception advances the
interests of individuals, families, and communities. It can support improved maternal
and child health, financial security, access to education, and general quality of life.

3. Non-maleficence: The goal of contraception is to prevent unplanned births and lower

the risk of harmful health consequences linked to unintended pregnancies, such as
unsafe abortions, maternal morbidity, and infant mortality. Contraception helps lessen
possible harm to the health of both parents and children by preventing births that
people are not ready for or able to support.
 4. Justice: By encouraging equity and fairness in reproductive decision-making,
contraception serves the concepts of justice. It enables people to access methods of
preventing pregnancies regardless of their socioeconomic level, hence eliminating
inequities in reproductive health outcomes. By giving women more control over their
reproductive lives and enabling them to pursue education, employment, and other
possibilities, it also advances gender equality.

5. Respect for children's well-being: Using contraception can help ensure that kids are
born into homes that can meet their needs in terms of health, happiness, and mental
stability. Contraception can help the development of children's overall well-being and
support the establishment of secure and loving settings by enabling parents to plan
pregnancies.
You should be aware that many cultural, religious, and philosophical viewpoints on ethics may
exist regarding contraception. Some people or organizations might have special moral or
religious objections to a certain form of contraception. The ethical problem in the realm of
contraception is to strike a balance between respect for individual freedom and tolerance of
other worldviews.

ETHICAL DILEMMA OF CONTRACEPTION:

The ethical dilemma of contraception revolves around conflicting values, beliefs, and societal
considerations. Some key ethical dilemmas include:

1. Religious/Cultural views and Reproductive Autonomy: Conflicts between a

person's right to personal reproductive autonomy and cultural or religious views that
reject the use of contraception can lead to moral dilemmas. While it may be legal for
people to decide how to have children, difficulties might develop when those decisions
disagree with strongly held religious or cultural beliefs.

2. Conscientious Objection of a Healthcare Provider: Healthcare professionals

who have moral or religious objections to particular contraceptive methods may be
forced to choose between their personal convictions and their obligation to offer
complete treatment. This calls into question how to strike the right balance between
protecting the autonomy of medical professionals and giving people access to
contraception.
 3. Access and Equity: Limited access to contraception, especially in
underprivileged or marginalized areas, raises moral questions about justice and
equity. Unfair access to contraception has the potential to exacerbate existing
health inequalities, restrict reproductive options, and lead to unwanted births
and the associated health consequences.

4. Informed Consent: It is ethically required to provide complete and accurate

information regarding contraceptive techniques, including their advantages,
disadvantages, and any side effects. However, difficulties could occur when
people encounter obstacles in their quest for accurate information or when
providers' prejudices affect the data they offer.

5. Effects on Society and Future Generations: The usage of contraception has

effects on population dynamics and societal health. The long-term effects of
using contraceptives, such as prospective demographic changes or problems
associated with aging populations, present ethical quandaries.
Finding a balance between individual autonomy, cultural and religious beliefs, public
health considerations, and society well-being is necessary for resolving the ethical
conundrums surrounding contraception. It entails fostering open communication,
facilitating access to correct information, and creating procedures and policies that put
equity, respect, and the wellbeing of all individuals and groups involved as a top priority.
EXAMPLE IN REALITY:

Certainly here are two instances of real-world contraceptive techniques.

1. Oral contraceptive pills: Also referred to as "the pill," oral

contraceptive tablets are a widespread method of birth control. They
contain synthetic hormones that suppress ovulation, thicken cervical
mucus to obstruct sperm motility, and thin the lining of the uterus in order
to prevent conception. To regulate their hormone levels and avoid getting
pregnant, women take a tablet every day. When used properly, this
approach provides simplicity and excellent effectiveness, but it
necessitates regular adherence to the recommended timetable.

2. Intrauterine Devices (IUDs): IUDs are tiny, T-shaped contraceptives

that are put into the uterus to prevent conception. Both hormonal and
non-hormonal types are possible. Non-hormonal IUDs use copper to
produce an unfavorable environment for sperm, whereas hormonal IUDs
release progestin, which thickens cervical mucus and suppresses
ovulation. IUDs are very effective, long-lasting, and reversible
contraceptives. Depending on the type, they offer ongoing protection for
several years after being implanted by a medical specialist.

These instances show the wide variety of contraceptive methods that are available to
people, each one meeting their own tastes, needs, and health considerations. It's crucial
to remember that the selection of contraception should be decided with the help of a
healthcare professional, taking into account the particular circumstances and medical
history of each person.
BASIS OF THE MORAL PRINCIPLES:
● Church - The moral precepts of the Catholic Church's teachings offer a unique
viewpoint on contraception. The Catholic Church's views on contraception are
influenced by how it perceives natural law and the function of human sexuality. The
main components that make up the moral guidelines for contraception in the Catholic
Church are as follows.

1. Procreation and the Divine Plan: According to Catholic teaching, human

sexuality serves both unitive and procreative purposes. It holds that as
part of God's design for the perpetuation of human existence, sexual
activity should be open to the possibility of conception. According to this
perspective, contraception thwarts the potential for new life and
interferes with this natural purpose.

2. Respect for Life: From conception to natural death, the Catholic Church
strongly emphasizes the sanctity of life. It considers any intentional
attempt to avoid conception to be morally reprehensible and sees every
sexual act as having the capacity to bring forth new life. Contraception is
considered to be in opposition to the deference due to the gift of life and
the divinely created natural order.

3. Responsible Parenthood: The Church stresses the need for responsible

parenting while also advocating that partners be receptive to the gift of
life. For spacing births or for important reasons to avoid conception,
natural family planning techniques that entail tracking a woman's cycle are
accepted. Without directly affecting the likelihood of conception, these
techniques are thought to act in accordance with the body's natural
rhythms.
 4. Unitive Nature of Sexuality: The Catholic Church acknowledges the
unitive nature of sexuality, placing special emphasis on the connection
between spouses and the expression of love within marriage. The unitive
and procreative dimensions, however, shouldn't be arbitrarily divided, it
claims. By purposefully dividing the unitive and procreative parts of the
marital act, contraception is seen as potentially weakening its integrity.

5. Conscientious Objection: The Church supports the right of people to

follow their moral convictions and the freedom of conscience. Catholic
healthcare workers and those who object to contraception on moral
grounds are urged to refrain from doing anything that would go against
their moral convictions. They could look for alternatives in their personal
or professional life that are consistent with their convictions.

It's crucial to remember that not all Catholics agree with the Catholic Church's position
on contraception, and others may hold different views. Furthermore, different Christian
sects and theological traditions could have diverse ideas on contraception, reflecting the
variety of religious viewpoints on this issue.

● Laws and Government - The moral principles underlying laws and

government policies regarding contraception can vary across different legal
systems and cultural contexts. Here are some key considerations that often shape
the basis of moral principles regarding contraception in the realm of laws and
government.

1. Individual Rights and Autonomy: As a fundamental principle, the

protection of individual rights and autonomy is emphasized in many
legal frameworks. This encompasses the freedom to acquire and
use contraception as well as the right to make decisions regarding
one's own reproductive health. Individual rights-based laws and
regulations frequently place a high priority on obtaining informed
consent, facilitating access to a variety of contraceptive techniques,
and guarding against discrimination or coercion.
2. Public Health and Well-being: Governments and legal systems
frequently place a high priority on public health and well-being as a
justification for promoting contraception. It is believed that using
contraception can help with responsible family planning, avoid
unplanned pregnancies, lower newborn and mother death rates,
and stop the spread of STIs. Policies may be put into place to
facilitate accessibility to quality, cost-effective contraceptive
services as well as education to enhance public health outcomes.

3. Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment: The moral

precepts of gender equality and women's empowerment have a
considerable influence on the laws and practices governing
contraception. The need for empowering women to make decisions
about their reproductive health, guaranteeing equitable access to
contraception, and eliminating gender gaps in reproductive
healthcare may be acknowledged by governments. The goals of
contraceptive policies could be to advance gender equality,
empower women, and improve their socio economic prospects.

4. Population and Demographic Issues: Moral principles driving

contraceptive laws and regulations can be influenced by worries
about population increase, demographic trends, and sustainable
development. The need for access to contraception may be
acknowledged by governments as a way to control population
increase, reduce poverty, enhance resource distribution, and
support economic stability. Initiatives to assist family planning,
advance education, and address demographic issues may be
included in policies.
 5. Secular principles and ethical pluralism: In secular cultures with
a range of religious and ethical viewpoints, moral guidelines for
contraception frequently seek to achieve a balance between
people's rights, the public's health, and ethical plurality.
Governments can take a secular stance that respects different
moral and religious convictions while putting people's autonomy,
public health issues, and overall social welfare first.
It's crucial to keep in mind that laws and government policies governing contraception
might vary greatly between nations and legal systems. These principles are shaped by
societal values, cultural norms, religious influences, and political dynamics, which result
in various strategies and legal frameworks around the world.

● Conclusion
Contraception is generally regarded as a crucial component of family
planning and reproductive health. It encourages personal liberty, conscientious
parenting, and individual wellbeing by enabling people and couples to make well-
informed decisions about whether and when to have children. Access to
contraception is frequently linked to beneficial effects such a decline in
unplanned pregnancies, a reduction in mother and newborn mortality, and a
reduction in the spread of STDs. There is widespread support for making a variety
of contraceptive techniques accessible, assuring informed consent, and attending
to public health concerns even though moral views on contraception may vary. In
general, contraception is important for empowering people, advancing public
health, and influencing demographic trends.
REFERENCES:
Contraception https://www.google.com/search?
q=contraception+definition&oq=contra&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j69i59j0i131i433i512l2j0i4
33i512l3j69i61.4246j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
Rationale About Contraception https://www.google.com/search?
q=rationale+about+contraception&ei=9vNkZJ_GE7SA2roP6eSn0AI&oq=rationale+abou+
contraception&gs_lcp=Cgxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAQARgAMgQIIRAKOgoIABBHENYEELADOgYI
ABAHEB46CAgAEIoFEIYDOgUIABCiBEoECEEYAFCLIVjSN2CrQWgDcAF4AIAB0gGIAcEHkgE
FMC41LjKYAQCgAQHIAQjAAQE&sclient=gws-wiz-serp

Ethical Principles in Contraception

https://www.counseling.org/docs/ethics/practitioners_guide.pdf

Example in reality of Contraception

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contraception/which-method-suits-me/
#:~:text=Contraceptives%20that%20are%20more%20than, to%205%20to
%2010%20years)