Environmental Impact

Assessment System

© ECOPOLIS 2009 ® PAGE 1

 Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) System
A tool used by project planners whereby
environmental considerations are analyzed for
the possible impact that its implementation
may have on the deterioration of the
environment
A process of identifying, predicting, evaluating
and mitigating the biophysical, social, and other
relevant effects of proposed projects and
physical activities before making major
decisions and commitments for their
implementation

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 Legal Bases of EIA
PD 1151 Philippine Environmental Policy, 1977
PD 1152 Philippine Environmental Code, 1977
PD 1586 Philippine Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
System,1978
E.O. 192 DENR, 1986
E.O. 292 Administrative Code, 1987
DAO 92-21 Implementation of EIS, 1992
E.O. 291, s. 1996 Continuous Strengthening of EIA
Capability of DENR, 1996
DAO 96-37 Strengthening of EIS, 1996
AO 42, s.2002 Rationalizing the Implementation of Philippine
EIS
DAO 2003-30 IRR for the EIS, 2003

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 PD 1586, Philippine Environmental
Impact Assessment System 1978
Established the EIA System
requires all agencies and instrumentalities of the national
government, including government-owned or controlled
corporations, as well a private corporations, firms and
entities to prepare, file and include in every action, project
or undertaking which significantly affects the quality of the
environment an Environmental Impact Statement
Required the Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC)
for environmentally critical projects (ECPs) or projects
located on environmental critical areas (ECAs)
ECC require preparation of Project Documents or PD for
ECAs and Environmental Impact Statement of EIS for ECPs.

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 PD 1586 – Environmental Impact
Statement -- Contents
The environmental impact of the proposed action, project
or undertaking including any adverse environmental effect
which cannot be avoided should the proposal be
implemented.
The mitigating measures to minimize adverse
environmental effects.
Alternatives to the proposed action.
A determination that the short-term uses of the resources
of the government are consistent with the maintenance and
enhancement of the long-term productivity of the same.
Whenever a proposal involves the use of depletable or
nonrenewable resources, a study must be indicated that
such use and commitment are warranted.

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 DAO 2003-30 Environmental Impact
Statement (EIS) System
Clarification on the Scope of the Philippine
EIS System.
Simplification of Requirements for
Securing ECC.
Streamlining of Procedures.
Strengthening the Implementation of the
Philippine EIS System

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 Scope of the EIS System
Project/Undertaking

Covered Not Covered

ECC CNC

Category A Category B Category C Category D

Category A – Environmental Critical Projects (ECP)

Category B – Projects located in Environmentally Critical Areas (ECA)
Category C - Projects enhancing environmental quality or address existing
environmental problems
Category D – Projects not falling under other categories or unlikely to cause
adverse environmental impacts

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 SIMPLIFIED
PROJECT PLANNING

DOST Sec. Dr. Estrella

G. Alabastro s Schema
TECHNICAL

on the Place of EIA in FINANCIAL

Project Development MARKETING

and Management

NATURAL ENVIRONMENT SOCIO-ECONOMIC-POLITICAL

ENVIRONMENT

WATER AIR LAND LGUs SOCIO ECONOMIC

PERMITS
: SOCIO DEV. PROGRAM
MA OR S
RA 9275 RA 8749 RA 9003 EMPLOYMENT
SANITATION
DAO 34 DAO 2000 81 PD 1152 CONSTRUCTION
TRAFFIC
DAO 35 MCs RA 7586 FIRE
A/C A/C RA 8048
PO PO NIPAS
VARIOUS LAWS
ORDINANCES, ETC.

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 Where Environmental Impact Assessment
fits into Integral Planning Process

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 Project screening – is an EIA needed?
Scoping – which impacts and issues to consider?
Description of the project/development action
Description of the environmental baseline
Identification of key impacts

Prediction of impacts
Important Evaluation and assessment of significance of impacts Public
Consultation
steps in Identification of mitigating measures

EIA
process Presentation of findings in an EIS (including a non-
technical summary)

Review of the EIS

Decision-making

Post-decision monitoring
Auditing of predictions and of mitigation meaures

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 Stages of the EIA
Initial Phase
Pre-screening
Scoping
Study Phase
Site Characterization and Prediction of Impacts
Evaluation of Impacts and Proposed Alternatives
Identification and assessment of mitigating measures
Preparation of EIS
Post Study
Review of the Submitted EIS
Granting of the ECC

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 Flow Chart For EIS Preparation
and Submission
Annotated Screen Secondary E Ri k Risk
EIS Outline Alternatives Data Assessment Management

Impact E Mg . EIS
Assemble Data EIS
Scoping Assessment Plan Compilation
EIS Team Gathering Submission
and Analysis Formulation and Writing

Minimum Primary
requirements Data

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 Environmental Impact
Assessment: Aldo Leopold
Matrix
PROJECT ACTIONS
Design Site preparation Construction Monitoring

E
N Biotic
V
I
R Abiotic
O
N
M
E Physical
N
T
Social

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 Documentary Requirements & Processing Time
CATEGORY APPLIED TO DOCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR MAXIMUM TIME TO GRANT
ECC APPLICATION OR DENY THE APPLICATION
& DECIDING AUTHORITY
A-1: New Co-located Programmatic EIS 180 days
Projects
DENR Secretary
A: Single Projects EIS 120 days
Environmentall DENR Secretary
y Critical
Projects A-2: Existing and to be Co-located Programmatic EPRMP 120 days
expanded (including Projects DENR Secretary
undertakings that have
stopped operations for
more than 5 years and Single Project EPRMP 90 days
plan to re-start, w/ or w/o EMB Central office Director
expansion

A-3:Operating without
ECC
B-1: New Single Project IEE or IEE Checklist (if 60 days
available) EMB Regional Director

B: Projects B-2:Existing and to be Single Project EPRMP (based on a checklist 30 Days

located in an expanded (including if available) EMB Regional Director
ECA undertakings that have
stopped operations for
more than 5 years and Co-located PEPRMP 60 days
plan to re-start, w/ or w/o Project EMB Central Office Director
expansion)

B-3: Operating without

ECC
C:
Environmental Co-located or Project Description 15 days
Enhancement Single Projects EMB Regional Director
or Direct
Mitigation
D. Not Covered Project Description or Proof 15 days
of Project Implementation EMB CO or RO Director
prior to 1982
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 EIA Process
follows the
Planning Cycle

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 Amending an ECC
Major Amendment
Expansion of land/project area
Increase in production capacity
Major change/s in process flow or technology
Minor Amendment
Typographical error
Extension of deadlines for submission of post-ECC
requirement/s
Extension of ECC validity
Change in company name/ownership
Decrease in land/project area or production capacity

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 Monitoring of Projects with
ECCs
Multipartite Monitoring Team (MMT)
Environmental Monitoring Fund
Self-monitoring and Third Party Audit
Environmental Guarantee Fund
Mandatory Environmental Insurance Coverage (AO
2005-06)
Abandonment

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 Fees, Fines and Penalties
Upon submission of the application shall pay filing fees and
other fees in accordance with prescribed standard cost and
fees.
Penalty of suspension or cancellation of ECC and/or fine of
not more than P50,000/violation
Projects established and/or operating without ECC
Projects violating ECC conditions, EMP, Rules and Regulation
Misrepresentation in the EIS/IEE or any other Documents
submitted

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 EIA versus SEA
While EIA is focused on ground-level
effects, SEA is more focused towards the
overall policy environment

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 Purpose of an Strategic
Environmental Assessment
Essentially to identify impacts at a macro level
To allow rationale decisions to be made whether
to take a project or development forward or not
To provide a powerful tool to communicate the
implications of a development project or strategy
in terms of the community at large and specific
groups of sensitive receptors.

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 Strategic Environmental
Assessment Flow
Coarse Screening Fine Screening Strategy Evaluation

100 6 Options 3 Strategies

options and
components Environmental Detailed
Modelling Air Quality and
including: Water Quality
Modelling
Environmental Air,
(and other) Environmental
Water Quality, Preferred
Assessment Assessment
Noise, Option
using and testing
Ecological
performance against
Assessment
indicators performance
indicators

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 Processes Involved
Integration of the environmental planning
aspects into the overall planning, land
use, transport and engineering studies.
SEA was an integral component in the
decision making process.
The option ultimately selected was optimal
from an environmental perspective, which
could be demonstrated through the
findings and interpretation of the SEA.

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