S C I Pak: Environmental Impact Assessment For Development Projects

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FUNDED BY

THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION

Sustainable and Cleaner Production in the Manufacturing Industries


of Pakistan
SCI-Pak
Mar 2009- Feb 2012

Environmental Impact Assessment


For
Development Projects
WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Environmental Assessment is a planning tool and its main purpose
is to give the environment its due place in the decision making
process by evaluating the environmental consequences of the
proposed activity.

Environmental Assessment for development projects


EIA or IEE in accordance with the EIA/IEE Regulations

WHY NEED EIA?


 Mandatory legal requirement
 Requirement of the buyers
 Social Responsibility
 Influence of the donor agencies
BENEFITS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

 Protection of Environmental and Human Health


 Opportunity for Public participation
 Sustainable use of resources
 Minimize the risk of disasters
POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN PAKISTAN

Pakistan Environmental Protection Ordinance 1983

 Enacted on 31 December 1983


 provides for the control of pollution and preservation of living environment
 Section-8 of PEPO requires the submission of detailed EIS at the time of
planning the project.

Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997

 Enacted on 6th December 1997 by repealing PEPO-1983


 Provides framework for protection, conservation, rehabilitation and
improvement of the environment, for the prevention and control f pollution and
promotion of sustainable development.
 Section-12 of PEPA-1997 requires the submission of EA Report prior to the
start of construction.
 Section-17 defines the penalties in case of failure to comply with the
provisions of the Act.
 Four Environmental Tribunals, one in each province have been constituted to
hear the cases relating to PEPA-97.
POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN PAKISTAN

PEPA (Review of IEE and EIA Regulations,2000

 Projects requiring an IEE or EIA are listed in schedule I and II


respectively on the basis of anticipated degree of adverse environmental
impacts
 Provides necessary details on preparation, submission, review and
approval
Pakistan Environmental Assessment Procedures, 1997

Guidelines by Federal EPA for conducting Environmental Assessments and


Management of different types of development projects. Guidelines include:

General Guidelines

Policy and procedures for filing, review and approval of Environmental


Assessment
Preparation and review of Environmental Reports
Public Participation
 Guidelines for Sensitive and Critical Areas
 National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS): Promulgated in 1993
and revised in 2000 for municipal and industrial effluents, industrial
gaseous and vehicular emissions

Sectoral Guidelines

 Major thermal power stations


 Major chemical and manufacturing plant
 Municipal waste disposal
 New Township development
 Oil and gas exploration and production
 Major roads
 Water supply projects
 Sewerage schemes
 Industrial Estates
POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN PAKISTAN

NEQS (Self Monitoring and SMART Rules, 2001)

 Classification of Industrial Units into A,B and C depending upon the


pollution level
 Environmental priority parameters and frequency of monitoring

Other Environmental Laws

 Long list that falls in the category of Environmental Laws


 Other laws applicable to the development projects are following;
ADMINISTRATIVE SETUP FOR EIA

 Federal EPA have overall jurisdiction over EIA/IEE

PAK-EPA
(Responsible for implementing the PEPA-1997)

Provincial Agencies

Punjab EPD Sindh EPA Balochistan NWFP EPA


EPA

Environmental Assessment for Development Projects


INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS

 Signatory to various international environmental treaties and conventions on


wildlife protection and conservation of environment
 Fulfill the commitments of treaties
EIA PROCESS IN PAKISTAN
Project Proposal

Screening

EIA IEE NO

Public, Scientific Community


and Decision Makers Scoping
Participate

Identification of Impacts
Public Informed & Appropriate Mitigation
& Consulted
Measures

Draft Report

Final Report

Approved Implementation
Review of Report by & Follow-up
Regulatory Authority Decision Making
and Public Not Approved Redesign &
Resubmit
EIA Process/Preparation

Screening

“Process of judgment to decide, whether or not to conduct Environmental


Impact Assessment for the proposed activity”.

Scoping

“ Determination of most critical issues to be studied”.


Process of interaction between interested public, government agencies and the
proponent
Early step to identify the important issues and eliminate the those that are not
Time and money saved activity

Use of Activity

Reasonable and practical alternatives


Inform potentially affected people
Identify possible effects on the environment and alternatives
Define the boundaries for further assessment
 Analytical methods and consultation procedures
 Decision making

Roles of Stakeholders

 Proponent
 The responsible authority
 Other departments and agencies
 Environmental experts

Report Preparation and Steps

 Introduction
 Project Description
 Baseline Environmental Profile (Description of existing environment both
biotic and abiotic)
 Identification and assessment of impacts
 Appropriate mitigation measures
 Environmental management and monitoring plan
Introduction

Covering purpose of the report including identification of the project &


proponent, description of size, nature and location of the project,
objective & scope of the study

Project Description

Type and category of the project, objective of the project, alternatives


considered, Maps and drawings, size and magnitude of operation,
restoration plan, Government approvals.
Description of
Environment

Sufficient information on existing environmental resources including


physical resources, ecological resources and socioeconomic conditions
of the area.
Identification and Prediction of Potential Environmental
Impacts

Identification and prediction of environmental impacts during design,


construction and operational phase of the project. Checklist and
Matrix are commonly employed techniques.
Characteristics of the impacts: Nature, magnitude, duration,
reversibility
Mitigation Measures

Suggest appropriate measures to minimize or eliminate the impacts

Environmental Management Plan

 Ensure effective implementation of mitigation measures


 Responsibilities are assigned to staff
Environmental Monitoring Plan

 Monitoring of environmental quality parameters to obtain the


information on current levels potentially harmful parameters of
water, air and soil quality.
 SMART provides the details and frequency of environmental
priority parameters (both liquid and gaseous) to be measured

TOC of an EIA Report is attached


EPA PERFORMANCE STATISTICS
IEE and EIA Applications Received by Federal and Provincial EPAs

Agency 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2008


Federal EPA 2 3 0 1 3 27
EPD-Punjab 1 5 7 15 29 257
EPA-Sindh 17 18 23 26 33 35
EPA-NWFP 15 16 2 2 11 57
EPA-Baluchistan 2 7 2 2 11 61
Total 37 49 34 46 87 437

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