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HVAC & DC Assign

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15 views3 pages

HVAC & DC Assign

Uploaded by

deptai2023
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ASSIGNMENT – I

1. a) Describe briefly about the Mechanical Considerations in Line Performance.


b) A single circuit 3-phase 50Hz 400kV line has a series reactance per phase of 0.327Ω/km. Neglect line
resistance. The line is 400km long and the receiving end load is 600MW at 0.9pf lag. The positive sequence
line capacitance is 7.27nF/km. In the absence of any compensating equipment connected to ends of line,
calculate the sending end voltage. Work with and without considering line capacitance. The base quantities
for calculation are 400kV, 1000MVA.
2. a) Discuss briefly about the effect of resistance of conductor.
b) A drake conductor of North America manufacture has an outer diameter of 1.108inches having an Al
cross sectional area of 795,000 circular mills. The stranding is 26 Al/7Fe. Its resistance is given as
0.0215Ω/1000’ at 200C under dc, and 0.1284Ω/mile at 500C and 50/60Hz. Calculate
i) diameter of each strand of Al and Fe in mils, inch and metre units.
ii) check the values of resistance given above taking ρa =2.7 ×10−8 Ω−m at 200C and temperature –
resistance coefficient α =4.46 ×10−3 /℃ at 200C.
iii) find the increase in resistance due to skin effect.
3. a) Explain the properties of Bundled conductors and derive the general expression for the equivalent radius
of the bundled conductor.
b) The configurations of some eh lines for 400kV to 1200kV are given. Calculate r eq for each.
i) 400kV : N=2, d=2r=3.18cm, B= 45cm
ii) 750kV : N=4, d=2r=3.46cm, B= 45cm
iii) 1000kV : N=6, d=2r=4.6cm, B= 12d
iv) 1200kV : N=8, d=2r=4.6cm, R= 0.6m
4. a) Write short notes on Field due to a sphere gap.
b) An isolated sphere in air has a potential V and radius R. Calculate the charge to be placed at its centre to
make the surface of the sphere an equipotential.
5. a) Explain the charge-potential relations for multi conductor lines and also explain the Maximum Charge
condition on a 3-Phase lines.
b) The dimensions of a ±400kV dc line are shown in fig. Calculate
Q
i) the charge coefficient for each bundle.
2 π ε0
ii) the maximum and minimum surface gradient on the conductors by
a) omitting the charges of the second pole and image conductors,
b) Considering the charge of the second pole but omitting the charge of the image conductors
c) The average maximum surface voltage gradient of the bundle under case b(ii).

6. a) Derive the expressions for maximum surface voltage gradients for N≥3.
b) Derive the expression for maximum surface voltage gradient by Mangoldt(Markt-Mengele) Formula.
7. a) Explain the distribution of voltage gradient on sub-conductors of bundle and derive the expression of
maximum surface voltage gradient.
b) For a 400 kv line, calculate the maximum surface voltage gradient on the center and the outer phases in
horizontal configuration at the maximum operating voltage of 420 kv rms line to line. The other dimensions
are; H= 13m, S=11m, N = 2, r = 0.0159m, B = 0.45m.

Assignment II

1. a) Write short notes on how the effective radius of the conductor increases with Corona Loss.
b) A Single conductor 2.5 inch in diameter of a 525kV line(line to line voltage) is strung 13m above the
ground. Calculate (a) the corona – inception voltage and (b) the effective radius of conductor at an
overvoltage of 2.5 p.u. Consider a stranding factor m = 1.25 for roughness. (c) Calculate the capacitance of
conductor to ground with and without corona. (d) If a second conductor is strung 10m away at the same
height, calculate the coupling factors in two cases. Take δ=1.
1
2. a) Derive the expression Pc = KC ( V m−V o ) for the energy loss from the charge voltage diagram shown in
2 2
2
the figure.

b) An Overhead conductor of 1.6cm radius is 10m above ground. The normal voltage is 133kV r.m.s to
ground (230kV, line to line). The switching surge experienced is 3.5 p.u. Taking K = 0.7, Calculate the
energy loss per km of line. Assume smooth conductor.
3. a) Derive the Attenuation of travelling waves due to corona loss using (i)Linear Relationship (ii) Quadratic
Formula (iii) Cubic Relation
b) A Voltage with magnitude of 500kV crest is incident on a conductor with corona inception voltage is
100kV crest, and capacitance C = 10nF/Km. After a lapse of 120µs(36km of travel at light velocity the
measured amplitude is 110kV. Calculate α and Ks.
4. a) A 735kV line has the following details: N = 4, d=3.05cm, B = bundle spacing = 45.72cm height H= 20m,
phase separation S=14m in horizontal configuration. By the Mangoldt formula, the maximum conductor
surface voltage gradients are 20kV/cm and 18.4kV/cm for the centre and outer phases, respectively.
Calculate the SPL or AN in dB(A) at a distance of 30m along ground from the center phase(line centre).
Assume that the microphone is kept at ground level.

b) Derive an expression for the relation between single phase and 3 Phase AN levels.
5. a) Describe the mechanism of formation of a positive corona pulse train.
b) Explain the concept of Lateral Profile of RI and Modes of Propagation.
6. a) Derive the expressions for Measurement of RI, RIV and Excitation Function.
b) Design a filter to give 40dB attenuation at 1MHz and 25dB at 0.4MHz. Calculate Q of filter at 1MHz.

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