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1 Chains

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19 views22 pages

1 Chains

Uploaded by

hazemkhalaf1999
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAINS

Advantages

• As no slip takes place during chain drive, hence perfect velocity ratio

is obtained.

• Since the chains are made of metal, therefore they occupy less space

in width than a belt or rope drive.

• It gives high transmission efficiency.

• It transmits more power than belts.


• It can be operated under adverse temperature and atmospheric

conditions.

• The sprocket diameter for a chain system may be smaller than a belt

pulley while transmitting the same torque.

• Sprockets are subject to less wear than gears because sprockets

distribute the load over their many teeth.


Disadvantages

• The production cost of chains is relatively high.

• The chain drive needs accurate mounting and careful maintenance,

particularly lubrication and slack adjustment.

• The chain drive has velocity fluctuations.


D = Diameter of the pitch circle, and

N = Number of teeth on the sprocket.

P P
D1 = 180°
, D2 = 180°
sin N1
sin N2

The velocity ratio of a chain drive is given by

n1 N2
V. R. = =
n2 N1

where, n1 = Speed of rotation of smaller sprocket.


n2 = Speed of rotation of larger sprocket.
The average velocity of the chain is given by

V= πDn= p Nn

The approximate length of the chain L in pitches is

L 2C N1 + N2 P N2 − N1 2
= + +
P P 2 4π2 C
Chordal action,
As a chain engages and disengages with a sprocket there is a rise and
fall of each link, and a velocity variation. These are due to chordal action
caused by the chain forming a polygon on the sprocket

𝟏𝟖𝟎
Chordal velocity variation = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 %
𝑵
Chordal action is unavoidable, but its magnitude and effect can be
minimized by using sprockets with high numbers of teeth
DESIGN PROCEDURE OF CHAIN DRIVE:

The chain drive is designed as discussed below:

• Determine the velocity ratio of the chain drive.

• Select the minimum number of teeth on the smaller sprocket or pinion

from table (1)


• Find the number of teeth on the larger sprocket.

• Determine the design power by using the service factor

Ks, such that

Design power = Rated power × Service factor

The service factor (KS) is the product of various factors,

such as load factor (K1), lubrication factor (K2) and rating

factor (K3).
Load factor (K1) = 1, for constant load
= 1.25, for variable load with mild shock
= 1.5, for heavy shock loads

Lubrication factor (K2) = 0.8, for continuous lubrication


= 1, for drop lubrication
= 1.5, for periodic lubrication

Rating factor (K3) = 1, for 8 hours per day


= 1.25, for 16 hours per day
= 1.5, for continuous service
Choose the type of chain, number of strands for the design power and the
speed (r.p.m.) of the smaller sprocket from Table (2).
The power ratings for multiple strand chains equal single strand

ratings multiplied by the factor shown in Table(3) .


Note down the parameters of the chain, such as pitch, roller diameter,
minimum width of roller etc. from Table (4) .
• Find pitch circle diameters and pitch line velocity of the smaller sprocket.
Determine the load (W) on the chain by using the following relation,
W = (Design power / Pitch line velocity)

• Calculate the factor of safety by dividing the breaking load (WB) to the load
on the chain ( W ). This value of factor of safety should be greater than the
value given in Table (5).
• Determine the length of the chain.
Example :
Design a chain drive to actuate a compressor from 15 kW electric
motor running at 1000 r.p.m., the compressor speed being 350 r.p.m.
The minimum center distance is 500 mm. The compressor operates
16 hours per day. The chain tension may be adjusted by shifting the
motor on slides.

Solution:
Given: Rated power =15 kW ; n1 = 1000 r.p.m ; n2 = 350 r.p.m.
C≥500 mm
the velocity ratio of chain drive,

n1 1000
V. R. = = ≅3
n2 350
From Table (1), we find that for the roller chain, the number of teeth on

the smaller sprocket or pinion (N1) for a velocity ratio of 3 are 25T.

 Number of teeth on the larger sprocket N2 is

N2 = N1 * 3 = 75T

The service factor (KS ) is the product of various factors K1, K2 and K3.

The values of these factors are taken as follows:

Load factor (K1) for variable load with mild shock = 1.25

Lubrication factor (K2) for drop lubrication = 1

Rating factor (K3) for 16 hours per day = 1.25

∴ Service factor, KS = K1*K2*K3 = 1.25 × 1 × 1.25 = 1.56


Since, Design power = Rated power × Service factor (KS)
∴ Design power = 15 * 1.56 = 23.4 kW
From Table (2), we find that corresponding to a pinion speed of 1000 r.p.m.
the power transmitted for chain 12B is 15.65 kW per strand. Therefore, a
chain No. 12B with two strands can be used to transmit the required
power.

According to Table (4), for chain No. 12B


Pitch (P) = 19.05 mm , Breaking load (WB) = 57.8 kN
From Eq.;

P 19.05
D1 = 180°
= 180°
= 152 mm
sin sin
N1 25

P 19.05
D2 = 180°
= 180°
= 455 mm
sin N2
sin 75
The average velocity of the chain is given as;

π ∗ 152 ∗ 1000
V = π D1 n1 = = 7.96 m/s
1000 ∗ 60

∴ Load on the chain,


W = ( Design power / Pitch line velocity)
= 23400 / 7.96 = 2939N

and, Factor of safety = 57800 / 2939 = 19.6

This value is more than the value given in Table (5), which is equal to 12.9.
The minimum center distance between the smaller and larger sprockets
should be 30 to 50 times the pitch. Let us take it as 30 times the pitch.

∴ Centre distance (C) = 30 P = 30 × 19.05 = 572 mm

The length of the chain L is

(N1 + N2 ) P 2 N2 − N1 2
L = 2C + P + = 1030 mm
2 4π2 C

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