ADMA-OPCO Process Design Criteria 2008

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ABU DHABI MARINE OPERATING COMPANY SP-1060
Control Sheet
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ADMA-OPCO STANDARD ENGINEERING DOCUMENTS
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permission of ADMA-OPCO Manager Facilities Engineering is obtained.
D DESIGNATION SP-1060
O
C
U SPECIFICATION
M FOR
E
TITLE
N PROCESS DESIGN CRITERIA
T
B.UNIT/
AUTHORITY NAME TITLE SIGNATURE DATE
DIV
P&E/
TECHNICAL Bashar Issa PETL(A)
DED
P&E/
STANDARDS M. Khalid Elshobary ESQASL
DED
P&E/
APPROVAL Hisham Awda MDE(A)
DED
AGM (P&E)
ENDORSEMENT Ali Al-Jarwan P&E
Acting
CONTROL STAMP
The soft copy of this document on

ADMA-OPCO Web is
Controlled.
When printed, it is considered
0 01-08 Issued for Implementation

Uncontrolled
DESCRIPTION/TEXT
REV. DATE
AFFECTED
SF / General / 001 Rev.0 sheet 1 of 1

Liability for utilization by personnel/organizations outside ADMA-OPCO
Whilst every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this document,
neither ADMA-OPCO nor its employees will assume liability for any application
or use outside ADMA-OPCO premises/assets.
0 01-08 Issued For Implementation

Rev Date Description / Text Affected
PROCESS DESIGN CRITERIA
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ADMA-OPCO SP-1060 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................................................5
1.2 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................................5
1.3 COVERAGE ...............................................................................................................................5
1.4 EXCLUSION ..............................................................................................................................6
1.5 REFERENCES............................................................................................................................6
1.6 ABBREVIATIONS.....................................................................................................................7
1.7 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................................7
1.8 USE OF LANGUAGE ................................................................................................................7
1.9 UNITS .........................................................................................................................................8
2. QUALITY ASSURANCE .......................................................................................................... 9
2.1 QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM..........................................................................................9
2.2 QUALITY PLAN......................................................................................................................10
2.3 CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS .....................................................................................10
3. BASIC DATA ............................................................................................................................ 11
3.1 METEOROLOGICAL DATA ..................................................................................................11
3.2 SCOPE BOUNDARY...............................................................................................................12
4. PROCESS DATA...................................................................................................................... 12
4.1 DESIGN MARGIN FOR FLOW ..............................................................................................12
4.2 COMPOSITION........................................................................................................................12
4.3 PRESSURE ...............................................................................................................................14
4.4 TEMPERATURE......................................................................................................................19
5. DESIGN GUIDELINES / SIZING CRITERIA.................................................................... 22
5.1 PIPELINE DESIGN ..................................................................................................................22
5.2 SEPARATORS .........................................................................................................................25
5.3 GLYCOL DEHYDRATION.....................................................................................................32
5.4 DESALTING UNITS................................................................................................................32
5.5 OTHER VESSELS....................................................................................................................33
5.6 HEAT EXCHANGERS ............................................................................................................34
5.7 PUMPS......................................................................................................................................39
5.8 COMPRESSORS ......................................................................................................................43
5.9 LINE SIZING............................................................................................................................46
5.10 INSULATION AND HEAT TRACING...................................................................................53
5.11 CONTROL VALVES ...............................................................................................................54
5.12 DRAIN SYSTEMS ...................................................................................................................54
5.13 VENT AND DEPRESSURIZATION SYSTEMS ....................................................................54
5.14 SAMPLING SYSTEMS............................................................................................................54

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ADMA-OPCO SP-1060 3
6. SPARING PHILOSOPHY....................................................................................................... 55
6.1 SEPARATORS .........................................................................................................................55
6.2 SCRUBBERS............................................................................................................................55
6.3 PUMPS......................................................................................................................................55
6.4 COMPRESSORS ......................................................................................................................55
6.5 HEAT EXCHANGERS ............................................................................................................55
6.6 PACKAGE UNITS ...................................................................................................................55
6.7 FLARE SYSTEMS ...................................................................................................................55
7. GENERAL DATA ON UTILITIES ....................................................................................... 56
7.1 INSTRUMENT AIR .................................................................................................................56
7.2 SEA WATER ............................................................................................................................56
7.3 STEAM .....................................................................................................................................56
7.4 POTABLE WATER..................................................................................................................57
7.5 INJECTION WATER ...............................................................................................................57
7.6 INERT GAS (NITROGEN) ......................................................................................................58
8. DESIGN LIFE ........................................................................................................................... 58
9. PROCESS DESIGN SAFETY................................................................................................. 58

9.1 DEFINITION OF PROCESS SAFETY....................................................................................58
9.2 HAZARD ANALYSIS..............................................................................................................58
10. PIPING SPECIFICATION BREAKS.................................................................................... 59
11 PROCESS ISOLATION PHILOSOPHY.............................................................................. 62
APPENDIX-A: ABBREVIATIONS................................................................................................. 63
APPENDIX-B: DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................................ 65
APPENDIX-C: REFERENCED DOCUMENTS ........................................................................... 66

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ADMA-OPCO SP-1060 4
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Objectives
This Specification specifies ADMA-OPCO minimum requirements which shall be

used in:
a. Developing a project specific design criteria.

b. Conjunction with the project specific design criteria.
This Specification shall apply to all new studies/projects at all stages. It can also
be applied for ongoing projects and in particular the process safety requirement.
1.2 Scope
This Specification is intended to provide the minimum basic requirements of

ADMA-OPCO and shall not relieve the Contractor of his contractual obligations.
Any deviation from this Specification shall be identified by Contractor and shall
require written approval from ADMA-OPCO.
The scope of this Specification includes:
a. Providing basic data/information such as Meteorological data, process data
etc. required to carryout process design.
b. Provide design parameter and design factors to be applied for various non-
proprietary equipment such as pumps, compressors and heat exchangers.
c. Line sizing criteria and equipment design criteria.
Note: - Unproven new process technologies can only be approved after being
qualified as per ADMA-OPCO procedure and normal practice.
1.3 Coverage
This Specification covers both Onshore and Offshore facilities. It shall not be
limited to new facilities; it shall be extended to cover the integration of new
facilities/upgrades with existing facilities. This shall cover the compatibility of
new facilities with existing facilities with respect to utilities, tie-ins, fluid
properties, material, controlling, drainage systems, ESD…etc. The integration and
interface requirement to be coordinated closely with ADMA-OPCO

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ADMA-OPCO SP-1060 5
1.4 Exclusion
This Specification excludes:

a. Sizing guidelines/criteria for various proprietary equipment/packages such as
Stripper columns, Sweetening units, Separator and Scrubber internals, Glycol
dehydration etc.
b. Sizing criteria for Crude Oil Storage tanks.
In case of proprietary equipment/ packages, the Process licensor shall be solely

responsible for the design and construction, unless otherwise specified in the
contractual agreement.
1.5 References
1.5.1 General
The latest edition (at the time of the contract award) of the reference
documentation as listed in Appendix-C shall be read as an integral part of this
Specification.
The latest edition/revision of ADMA-OPCO Standard Engineering Documents as

indicated in Status List SL-001 shall be utilized.
1.5.2 Equivalent Standards
Standard Documents equivalent to those referred to herein shall not be substituted

without written approval from ADMA-OPCO. Approval of equivalent Standard
Documents will not, in any way, remove responsibility from the Contractor to
meet the best practices and/or requirements of the Standard Engineering
Documents referred to herein, in the event of conflict.
Where differences and/or conflicting issues occur between the referenced

documents themselves or the requirements of this document, the requirements of
this document shall overrule unless otherwise advised by ADMA-OPCO.
However major conflicts shall be reported in writing to the ADMA-OPCO
Standards Authority/Technical Custodian appearing in the front sheet of this
Procedure for arbitration/resolution.
The following hierarchy of adherence to standards shall be followed:
a. Whenever ADMA-OPCO Standard Engineering Documents (SED’s) relevant

to the system and/or equipment design are available, the same shall be
utilized first for the purpose of design.

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ADMA-OPCO SP-1060 6
b. Shareholder (BP) RP’s/GP’s (tailored to suit ADMA-OPCO needs) shall be
utilized next in the hierarchy, if the relevant subject is not covered by
ADMA-OPCO standards.
c. National or International standards (tailored to suit ADMA-OPCO needs)
shall be utilized, if the required subject is not covered either by ADMA-
OPCO or Shareholder SED’s.
The Contractor shall equip himself with copies of all the referenced Standard
Engineering Documents referred in Appendix-C of this Specification and shall
make them readily available to all ADMA-OPCO, or nominated representative,
personnel involved in the work.
1.6 Abbreviations
The abbreviations used in this Specification are listed in Appendix-A.
1.7 Definitions
The definitions used in this Specification are listed in Appendix-B.
1.8 Use of Language
Throughout this document, the words ‘will’, ‘may/can’, ‘should’ and ‘shall/must’,
when used in the context of actions by ADMA-OPCO or others, have specific
meanings as follows:
a. ‘Will’ is used normally in connection with an action by ADMA-OPCO and /

or nominated representative, rather than by a Contractor or Vendor.
b. ‘May/Can’ is used where alternatives/actions are equally acceptable.
c. ‘Should’ is used where provision is preferred.
d. ‘Shall / Must’ is used where a provision is mandatory / vital.

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ADMA-OPCO SP-1060 7
1.9 Units
Unless otherwise specified by ADMA-OPCO, SI units should be used in
accordance with ISO 1000.
Following is the list of units commonly used by ADMA-OPCO. The Consultant /
Contractor shall use the same set of units.
Parameters Unit Abbreviations

Absolute Viscosity Pascal Seconds, Centipoise Pa.s, cP (*)
parts per million, pounds per thousand barrels,
Concentration ppm, ptb, mg/l
milligram per liter
Density Pound per cubic feet, kilogram per cubic meter lb/ft³, kg/m³ (*)
Flow (Mass) pounds per hour, kilograms per hour lb/h, kg/h (*)
Heat British thermal unit, kilojoule Btu, kJ
Heat Transfer Rate British thermal unit per hour, kilowatt Btu/h, kW (*)
British thermal unit per sq feet per hour, kilowatt per Btu/ (ft². h),
Heat Flux
square meter kW/m²
Kinematic Viscosity Centistokes cSt
Length Meter or millimeter m or mm
Level Meter or millimeter m or mm
Level (field Instrumentation) Percentage %
Liquid Carryover U.S. gallon per million standard cubic feet US.gal/MMSCF
Mass pound , kilograms or metric tonnes lb, kg or t
Pipe diameter Inches, millimeter in, mm
Power Megawatt, kilowatt or watt MW, kW (*), W
Pounds per square inch, Bar psia / psig (*)
Pressure
(a-absolute, g-gauge) bara / barg
Pressure (close to atmosphere) Millibar , millimeter water column mbar, mmWC
Watt per sq. meter per degree Kelvin, British thermal W/m² K ,
Solar Radiation
unit per square feet per hour Btu/(ft².h)
Specific Heat Kilojoules per Kg per °C KJ / Kg °C (*)
Surface Tension Millinewton per Meter mN/m (*)
Temperature (Process) Degree Celsius, Degrees Fahrenheit °C(*) , °F
US gallons per minute, cubic feet per hour, barrels gpm, m³/h (*),
Volume Flow rate (General)
per day BPD (*)
Throughput of oil at standard
thousand barrels per day, gallons/day MBPD, gal/d
conditions
Throughput of oil at standard
thousand stock tank barrels per day MSTBPD
conditions
Throughput of gas at standard standard cubic feet per day SCFD,
conditions million standard cubic feet per day MMSCFD
Throughput of water thousand barrels of water per day MBWPD
Time second/minute/hour/day s/min/h/d
Vacuum inches of water column, millimeter water column in WC , mm WC
Volume cubic foot, barrels, cubic meter, gallons ft³ , bbl , m³, gal
Standard conditions are defined as below:

a. Standard Temperature: 15.56°C (60°F)
b. Standard Pressure: 1.013 bar abs (14.696 psia)
Note: The units marked with (*) shall be used as a minimum for the Material and Heat Balance.

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ADMA-OPCO SP-1060 8
2. QUALITY ASSURANCE
2.1 Quality Assurance System
2.1.1 All activities & services associated with the scope of this Specification shall be
performed by Contractors/Vendors approved by ADMA-OPCO.
2.1.2 The Contractor/Vendor shall operate Quality Management Systems (QMS) within
his organizations, which ensure that the requirements of this Specification are
fully achieved.
2.1.3 The Contractor/Vendor’s quality management system shall be based on ADMA-

OPCO specification SP-1009 or the latest issue of ISO 9001 Series and accredited
by an international certifying agency.
The Contractor’s quality manual shall provide details for the preparation of a
quality plan, which shall include provisions for the QA/QC of services activities.
Where an approved Contractor/Vendor revises their Quality Management System

that affect the ADMA-OPCO approved Quality / Inspection & Test Plan, then the
revised Quality Plan / Inspection & Test Plan shall be submitted for ADMA-
OPCO approval before initiating any service activities.
2.1.4 The effectiveness of the Contractor’s quality management system may be subject
to monitoring by ADMA-OPCO or its representative and may be audited
following an agreed period of notice.
2.1.5 The Contractor/Vendor shall make regular QA audits on all their Sub-
Contractors/Vendors. Details of these audits shall be made available to ADMA-
OPCO when requested.
2.1.6 The Contractor/Vendor shall maintain sufficient Inspection and Quality Assurance
staff, independent of the service provider management, to ensure that the QMS is
correctly implemented and that all related documentation is available.
2.1.7 Using Sub-Contractors is not allowed for services/functions carried out by a

Contractor without ADMA-OPCO approval.

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ADMA-OPCO SP-1060 9
2.2 Quality Plan
2.2.1 Contracted activities associated with the scope of this Specification shall be
performed in accordance with an approved Quality Plan (QP).
The level of detail required in the Quality Plan shall be commensurate with the
scope of services provided.
2.2.2 The quality of works is an essential factor in carrying out all services & activities
covered by this Document.
2.2.3 During services/activities, quality assurance/quality control issues are the

responsibility of the Contractor, and shall be approved and certified by TPA.
2.2.4 Conflicts between Contractor & TPA shall be reported in writing to ADMA-
OPCO for resolution.
2.3 Certification Requirements
The study/project technical findings and design activity are required to be certified by
IVB/TPA as per Company procedure ADNOC guidelines and codes of practices.

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ADMA-OPCO SP-1060 10
3. BASIC DATA
3.1 Meteorological Data
Location
Data Type
Das Island USSC ZWSC ZCSC
1028.4mbar 1028.4mbar 1028.4mbar 1028.4mbar
Maximum Atmospheric Pressure (14.92 psia) (14.92 psia) (14.92 psia) (14.92 psia)
at 06:00 GMT at 06:00 GMT at 06:00 GMT at 06:00 GMT
991.2 mbar 991.2 mbar 991.2 mbar 991.2 mbar
Minimum Atmospheric Pressure (14.38 psia) (14.38 psia) (14.38 psia) (14.38 psia)
at 12:00 GMT at 12:00 GMT at 12:00 GMT at 12:00 GMT
Air Temperature
Max. GT inlet air temperature summer
45 °C 40 °C 40 °C 40 °C
design
Min. GT inlet air temperature winter
20 °C 20 °C 20 °C 20 °C
design
Max. Air cooler summer design 45 °C 45 °C 45 °C 45 °C
Mean Average summer temperature 39.2 °C (102.6 °F) 39.2 °C (102.6 °F) 34 °C (93.2 °F) 34 °C (93.2 °F)
Mean Average winter temperature 14.1 °C (57.3 °F) 14.2 °C (57.6 °F) 20 °C (68 °F) 20 °C (68 °F)
Maximum temperature of metal exposed
85 °C (185 °F) 85 °C (185 °F) 85 °C (185 °F) 85 °C (185 °F)
to sun
Sea Water Temperature
Minimum sea water temperature 16 °C (60.8 °F) 16 °C (60.8 °F) 16 °C (60.8 °F) 16 °C (60.8 °F)
Minimum sea bed temperature 17 °C (62.6 °F) 17 °C (62.6 °F) 17 °C (62.6 °F) 17 °C (62.6 °F)
Maximum sea water temperature 36.1 °C (96.9 °F) 36.1 °C (96.9 °F) 36.1 °C (96.9 °F) 36.1 °C (96.9 °F)
Maximum sea bed temperature 36 °C (96.8 °F) 36 °C (96.8 °F) 36 °C (96.8 °F) 36 °C (96.8 °F)
Solar Radiation
Maximum 300 Btu/h.ft2 300 Btu/h.ft2 300 Btu/h.ft2 300 Btu/h.ft2
Wind
Prevailing Direction Northwest Northwest Northwest Northwest
* Extreme Velocity - 3 second gust 43 m/s 43 m/s 43 m/s 43 m/s
* Extreme Velocity - 1 minute gust 35.4 m/s 35.4 m/s 35.4 m/s 35.4 m/s
* Extreme Velocity – 10 minute gust 29.9 m/s 29.9 m/s 29.9 m/s 29.9 m/s
* Extreme Velocity – 1 hour gust 28.5 m/s 28.5 m/s 28.5 m/s 28.5 m/s
Rainfall
Annual Average 75 mm 75 mm 75 mm 75 mm
Annual Maximum 225 mm 225 mm 225 mm 225 mm
Design rainfall, 10 year storm (24 hours) 60 mm 60 mm 60 mm 60 mm
Design rainfall, 10 year storm
43 mm 43 mm 43 mm 43 mm
(2 hours)
Relative Humidity
Average 70% 70% 75% 75%
Maximum 100% 100% 100% 100%
Minimum 20% 20% 20% 20%
Atmosphere is laden with Salt and dust
Salt and dust
sand and fine penetrating Salt and dust laden laden
laden atmosphere.
dust and contains traces of atmosphere. atmosphere.
Presence of H2S.
H2S, SO2 and chlorides. Presence of H2S. Presence of H2S.
Dust storms are
Atmospheric Conditions Corrosive effects, Dust storms are Dust storms are
very frequent with
particularly by H2S are very frequent with very frequent
visibility below 1
noted with most bare and visibility below 1 with visibility
mile up to 3-4
even painted metals mile up to 3-4 days below 1 mile up
days
including SS. to 3-4 days
* Extreme wind velocity corresponding to one hundred year return period.

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3.2 Scope Boundary
The project specific “Process Design Criteria” shall categorically define the scope
of the process engineering. This shall consider the flange and/or tie-in point up to
which the process engineering scope exists. Any other data pertaining to the
scope of engineering viz. pressure, temperature flow etc. shall be clearly indicated
in the project specific “Process Design Criteria”.
4. PROCESS DATA
4.1 Design Margin for Flow
For the purpose of sizing new pipes / equipment a 10% margin should be
considered on the maximum flow rate unless otherwise specified.
For the purpose of new flow lines, flow rate data provided by ADMA reservoir
engineering usually includes a 15% margin. In such cases no additional margins
shall be provided.
4.2 Composition
ADMA-OPCO will provide the detailed composition at the Battery limit unless
the process study is related to utilities such as steam, instrument air etc. It may
include pseudo components. Following tables contain the properties of the Pseudo
components.
4.2.1 Pseudo Component Data for Zakum Plant
For new projects the below mentioned data shall be reconfirmed at start of project;
by ADMA-OPCO Corporate Planning and will be included in the SOR.
Boiling Point Molecular Density,

Component
(°C) Weight (MW) kg/m³
ThC10+ 334.3 278.8 878.1
Th5-C10+ 305 251.0 863.8
KC6 63.9 84.0 690
KC7 91.9 96 727
KC8 116.8 107.0 749
KC9 142.2 121.0 768
KC10 165.8 134.0 782

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4.2.2 Pseudo component data for Umm Shaif plant
Boiling Point Molecular Density,

Component
(°C) Weight (MW) kg/m³
CapC10+ 238 195 825
BP6 69 86 644
BP7 83.5 91 735
BP8D 112 105 755
BP9D 138 118.7 772
BP190D 282 207 854
BP275D 376 276 900
BP375D 472 357 943
BP475D 472 357 943
BPRES 534 486 995
NBP 125 125.2 114.9 753.39
NBP 139 139.1 122.5 762.01
NBP 153 153.1 130.3 770.49
NBP 251 251.3 192.1 826.01
NBP 265 265.3 201.8 833.37
NBP 279 279.3 211.8 840.62
NBP 293 293.4 221.9 847.73
NBP 307 307.4 233.3 854.71
NBP 321 321.5 242.9 861.59
NBP 335 335.5 253.8 868.38
NBP 350 349.5 264.8 875.05
NBP 364 363.6 276.1 881.6
NBP 378 377.6 287.6 888.09
NBP 392 391.7 299.4 894.5
NBP 405 405.1 310.7 899.69
NBP 419 419.4 319.8 915.61
NBP 440 440.4 332.3 941.18
NBP 467 466.8 356.5 947.05
In the absence of detailed composition available at the Battery limit, ADMA-

OPCO may request the Consultant / Contractor to use Black Oil model to do the
Hydraulics. In such cases, ADMA-OPCO will have to provide the details of water
cut and GOR. A 15% margin on single stage flash GOR to be provided, when
using black oil model in multi-flash scenario.

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4.3 Pressure
4.3.1 Normal Operating Pressure (NOP)
The NOP is the gauge pressure, which prevails inside equipment and piping
during any intended operation.
4.3.2 Maximum Expected Operating Pressure (MOP)
The MOP is the highest gauge pressure, which provides sufficient flexibilities for
the control of the intended operation.
The MOP is typically 105% of the NOP. The MOP shall be at least 1.0 bar above
the NOP, except in pressurized storage of liquefied gases (e.g. LPG) where the
MOP is equal to vapor pressure at the MOT and assessed composition of the
liquefied gas.
The MOP shall be specified considering conditions of start-up, shutdown and

normal operational variations.
MOP for various type of equipment shall be as follows:
MOP for Separators:
For new separators the MOP shall be 105% of the NOP.
For existing separators the MOP is the highest pressure activating a trip setting
MOP for K.O. Drums/Suction Scrubbers/Coolers/Condensers for Centrifugal

Compressors:
Maximum settle-out pressure (the maximum settle out pressure is calculated from
the coincident high trip pressure on both suction and discharge side of the
compressor). The settling out pressure is defined as the pressure of the compressor
system when the compressor is shut down (API STD 617).
MOP (Shut-In Pressure) for Centrifugal Compressors
MOP (Shut-In Pressure) for centrifugal compressors should be determined as

maximum operating suction pressure plus 1.3 times the normal differential
pressure at the rated flow developed by the compressor. This will ensure that
conditions such as pressure rise at surge condition and maximum speed are
accounted for when specifying the MOP. The PSV set pressure from upstream
equipment such as separators to the compressor determines the maximum
operating suction pressure for a compressor.

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Maximum Discharge Pressure for Centrifugal Pumps
It is defined as the “maximum specified suction pressure plus the maximum

differential pressure the pump with the furnished impeller is able to develop when
operating at rated speed with fluid of the normal specified relative density
(specific gravity).” Reference is made to API STD 610.
“The Maximum Differential pressure as mentioned above is the differential

pressure achieved at the minimum safe continuous flow of the pump”.
Shut-Off Pressure (SOP) for Centrifugal Pumps
The shut-off pressure is the pressure at the discharge connection of a centrifugal

pump with the suction pressure at the maximum possible value and the discharge
system closed (no flow).
The shut-off pressure can be calculated as follows:
SOP = MSP + HSPS + PDP

where
MSP : MSP is the maximum system pressure at suction side. If the suction
system has a vessel then the vessel PSV set pressure shall be used as
MSP.
HSPS : hydrostatic liquid head above the pump suction.
PDP : pump differential pressure at no flow and maximum pump speed and
highest relative density (specific gravity) of the liquid.
4.3.3 Design Pressure (DP)
The DP is the gauge pressure at the top of the equipment in its operating position
that is used as the basis to determine the minimum thickness of equipment parts at
the design temperature. Since the DP is related to the top of the equipment, for
other parts or elements of the equipment the designer shall establish the associated
design pressure taking into account the maximum pressure drop caused by flow
through the equipment, plus the fluid static head.
a. DP for Existing Installations
In case, new facilities are being designed to operate in parallel with the
existing facilities then the DP of the new equipment shall be considered
same as the existing equipment. To minimize the requirements for process
relief, the DP should be kept identical for systems with identical MOP’s.

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b. DP for Atmospheric and Low Pressure tanks
For atmospheric tanks the DP should be calculated based on the hydrostatic

head considering water filled to the highest point of the overflow line plus
an overpressure of 0.07 bar. In cases where the process liquid density is
higher than water, process fluid shall be used for DP calculations. If the
overflow line can be blocked or have reversed flow (e.g. during loading) the
atmospheric tank shall be designed for a water/liquid filled vent line up to
the goose neck. Reference is made to API STD 2000, for further guidance.
Tanks provided with inert gas blanketing are categorized as low-pressure

tanks. The DP of low-pressure tanks shall not exceed 15 psig. For detailed
explanation of pressures to be used in design, reference is made to section
5.3 of API STD 620.
c. DP for Flare Knock out drum
The DP for flare knockout drum shall be evaluated on a case to case basis.
However DP shall not less than 3.5 bar (gauge) for any case. Further
reference is made to BP GP 44-80 & API STD 521 for DP of flare knockout
drums.
d. DP for Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
As per latest ASME Section VIII Div. 2, the hydrostatic test for any
pressure vessel shall be performed at 130% of the design pressure (DP).
For shell & tube heat exchangers a pressure relief device on the low
pressure side may not be required in a tube rupture case if the DP of the low
pressure side is selected in such a manner that the corrected hydrotest
pressure of the low pressure side of the heat exchanger equals or exceeds
the design pressure of the heat exchanger high pressure side.
The term corrected hydro test pressure as defined by API STD 521 is the
hydro test pressure multiplied by the ratio of allowable stress at the test
temperature to the allowable stress at design temperature. It should be
noted that the corrected hydro test pressure is higher than the uncorrected
value. Example of corrected hydro test pressure is provided in section 4.3.2
of API STD 521.
Alternatively the DP on the low-pressure side could be established as per

guidelines in 4.3.5 and to provide adequate overpressure protection.
Reference is made to API STD 521.

PAGE
4.3.4 Criteria for minimum design pressure
For equipment where condensing vapors (e.g. after steam-out of vessels), drainage
pump out, etc. may lead to less than atmospheric pressure, the equipment shall be
designed for full vacuum or protected by a vacuum relief system with 100%
sparing. Vacuum breaking devices shall be of dissimilar type to eliminate
common mode failure.
4.3.5 Overpressure Protection Criteria
The relief set pressure normally corresponds to design pressure (DP) of the
equipment.
a. Relief Valves
For systems protected by PSV, the criteria in table below shall be applied
unless the PSV manufacturer confirms that use of other margins is
acceptable.
MOP Design Pressure

Bar (gauge) bar (gauge)
0 to 10 1 + MOP (Note 1)
> 10 110% of MOP
Note1: Minimum design pressure shall be 3.5 bar (g).
b. Rupture Disks
Rupture disks shall be used only in following cases.
b.1 Where fast response time is required.

b.2 Where operation of pressure relief valve may be affected by
corrosion or corrosion products or by deposition of material that
may prevent lifting of relief valve. In such cases the rupture disk
may be placed upstream of the PSV.
b.3 Where fluid to be relieved is highly toxic and its leakage from the
relief valve cannot be tolerated.
b.4 Where it is necessary to provide for rapid depressurization and
which may lead to freezing of liquids.
Explanation: Rapid depressurization results in cooling due to
Joule-Thomson effect. This can lead to ice/hydrate formation which
may plug the relief valve and prevent its proper operation.

PAGE
b.5 While using only rupture disks, special care shall be taken to prevent
backpressure from the flare header causing overpressure of the
system being protected.
Further reference is made to ADMA-OPCO Standard SP-1146

“Vent & Depressurization Systems” and BP RP 44-1 “Overpressure
Protection Systems”.
Rupture Disks undergo high stresses in service. Unintentional Disk

ruptures due to effects of corrosion; creep and fatigue can be
prevented by providing sufficient margin between the MOP and the
DP of the equipment under consideration. For tension-loaded disks
the margin should be at least 30% between the MOP and the disk
bursting pressure and for reverse-buckling disks it should be at least
10%.
c. Instrumented “High Integrity Pressure Protection Systems (HIPPS)”
Per API STD 521 guidelines, there are five principal uses of HIPPS:
c.1 to eliminate a particular over pressure scenario from the design

basis.
c.2 to eliminate the need for a particular relief device.
c.3 to provide system over pressure protection where a relief device is
ineffective.
c.4 to reduce the probability that several relief devices will have to
operate simultaneously, thereby allowing for a reduction in the size
of disposal system.
c.5 to reduce the demand rate on a relief device consequently reducing
the risk.
The settings for the HIPPS system shall be decided on case to case basis. In
some cases this needs to be confirmed by dynamic analysis.
The reliabilities of HIPPS system shall be established by SIL assessment as

per IEC 61508 & IEC 61511 guidelines.

PAGE
4.4 Temperature
In design of equipment both upper and lower design temperatures shall be

considered.
4.4.1 Normal Operating Temperature (NOT)
The NOT is the temperature, which prevails inside equipment and piping during
any intended operation.
4.4.2 Maximum Expected Operating Temperature (MOT)
The MOT is the highest temperature, which provides sufficient flexibility for the
control of the intended operation. While determining the MOT, the temperatures
encountered during start-up, shutdown & process upset conditions should be
studied carefully before finalizing the MOT.
4.4.3 Design Temperature (DT)
The DT (often referred to as the upper design temperature, UDT) is the highest
temperature to which the equipment may be subjected to at the design pressure.
Where the maximum operating temperature can be ascertained accurately, this

temperature should be used as design temperature, without adding a safety
margin.
Where the maximum operating temperature cannot be ascertained accurately, the

DT should be determined by adding 25°C to the NOT.
Care should be taken not to define higher DT than essential as it affects the
selection of material and pressure class rating.
Vessels and instruments subject to steam-out shall be designed to meet

temperature during steam-out operation.
4.4.4 Criteria for Design Temperatures of Various Equipments
a. Compressor systems
The maximum operating temperature on a compressor discharge shall be

determined as follows:
a.1 when a compressor curve is not available it can roughly be defined as

15°C above the predicted design point temperature to allow for lower
efficiency and higher pressure ratio at compressor surge conditions.
a.2 when compressor curves are available, the temperature at surge
conditions and maximum compressor speed for normal and start up
cases.

PAGE
The following shall be used to determine the DT:
A total of 25°C shall be added for which, the explanation is as below:
i. add 15°C to the maximum operating temperature to allow for margins in the
compressor curves, and for wear and tear giving lower efficiency over time;
ii. add 10°C as an additional margin.
b. Compressor suction scrubber
Compressor suction scrubber design temperature shall be the higher of the

following:
b.1 maximum operating temperature at the compressor suction in the event

of cooling medium failure, the maximum operating temperature can be
limited by a high temperature shutdown function on the compressor
suction or discharge.
b.2 maximum recycle temperature (maximum discharge (temperature trip)
minus temperature drop across anti-surge valve) in the event of cooling
medium failure.
b.3 Maximum temperature due to settle out conditions.
b.4 operating temperature plus a margin as defined in 4.4.3.
c. Heat exchangers
For all heat exchangers, both sides shall have the same design temperature
determined by the hottest of the fluids on either side.
d. Fired Heaters
For tubes in fired equipment the DT is normally the calculated maximum tube
skin temperature.

PAGE
4.4.5 Lower Design Temperature (LDT)
The lower design temperature determines the low temperature characteristics of

the material, and shall be the more stringent of the following:
a. minimum operating temperature (obtained during normal operation, start-up,

shutdown or process upsets) with a margin of 5°C.
b. minimum ambient temperature, the lowest temperature should be based on
available weather data, and safety factors should be selected based on the
quality of such weather data.
c. minimum temperature occurring during depressurizing with a margin of 5ºC,
the temperature calculations shall as a minimum include heat transfer
between fluid and vessel, and the most conservative starting conditions for
depressurizing shall be used including the following considerations as a
minimum.
c.1 cool down to minimum ambient temperature after shut-in at PSV set
pressure and corresponding temperature (including reduction in pressure
during cool down)
c.2 conditions during a start-up operation following a depressurization.
c.3 minimum operating temperature and maximum operating pressure.

PAGE
5. DESIGN GUIDELINES / SIZING CRITERIA
5.1 Pipeline Design
5.1.1 Hydraulic Design
In order to determine the possible range of operational parameters of the pipeline,

a hydraulic analysis should be performed. For a given pipe size, fluid properties
and flow rate, the hydraulic analysis should provide the pressure and temperature
profiles along the pipeline for steady state and transient conditions. Full account
shall be taken of possible changes in flow rates and operational modes, over the
complete operational life of the pipeline.
The hydraulic analysis should address the following: surge pressure during shut-
down of a liquid line, depressurization of a gas line, turn-down limitations and
inhibition or insulation requirements to prevent wax or hydrates deposition, effect
of flow conditions on the efficiency of corrosion inhibitors, liquid catching and
slug control requirements at the downstream end of two phase lines.
Hydraulic analysis shall be done using commercially available hydraulic analysis

software. The software package to be used shall be identified in the “Project
Specific Statement of Requirement” (SOR).
Pipelines transporting a liquid (single phase) shall be sized so that the normal
range of flow velocities is 1 m/s to 2 m/s. Higher velocities up to 4 m/s may be
considered with due attention to all operational scenarios (e.g. surge). Continuous
operations above 4 m/s should be avoided.
Pipelines transporting gas (single phase) shall be sized so that the normal range of
flow velocities is 5 m/s to 10 m/s. Higher velocities up to 20 m/s may be
considered with due attention to all operational scenarios (e.g. noise, vibration
etc.). Continuous operations above 20 m/s should be avoided.
Unlined carbon steel pipelines transporting light crude oils or condensate

containing a separate water phase, even in a small quantity (e.g. 1 % water cut),
should not be operated at velocities typically below 1.5 m/s. This is to prevent
water dropout, which may lead to a corrosive environment.
For gas or liquid pipelines containing solids (e.g. sand), refer BP erosion
guidelines Revision 3 (2004) (Report No. S/EPT/096/04) for the purpose of
determining the erosion rate and the limiting velocity for erosion.
Note: In certain operational scenarios, where low velocities cannot be avoided,

use of water phase corrosion inhibitor shall be recommended, to mitigate
corrosion.

PAGE
5.1.2 Erosion
a. Definition
It is defined as the mechanical loss of materials by the impact of solid particles

and/or liquid droplets.
b. Erosional Velocity limitations in gas/liquid two phase pipelines
For provisional sizing of new pipelines the following empirical equation may be
used to determine the erosional velocity:
Ve = C (1/ρm)0.5
where:
Ve : fluid erosional velocity, ft/s
C : empirical constant
ρm : gas / liquid mixture density at flowing pressure and temperature, lb/ft3
b.1 Carbon Steel: ‘C’ = 135 if nominally solids free (solids less than 1 pound of
solid per thousand barrels of liquid); ‘C’ = 200 or Ve = 65.6 ft/s whichever is
lower if totally solids free
b.2 13 Cr Stainless Steel: ‘C’ = 300 if nominally solids free
b.3 Duplex Stainless Steel: ‘C’ = 350 if nominally solids free
The density ρm of the gas/liquid mixture can be calculated as follows:
12409SlP + 2.7RSgP
ρm =
198.7P + RTZ
where:
Sl : Liquid specific gravity at standard conditions
(water = 1; use average gravity for hydrocarbon-water mixtures)
P : Operating pressure, psia
R : Gas/liquid ratio ft³/barrel at standard conditions
Sg : Gas specific gravity at standard conditions (air = 1)
T : Operating temperature, ºR
Z : Gas compressibility factor, dimensionless

PAGE
Once Ve is known, the minimum cross-sectional area required to avoid fluid
erosion is determined by the equation below
9.35 + (ZRT / 21.25P)
A=
Ve
where
A : minimum pipe cross-sectional flow area required, in²/1000 barrels liquid
per day
The minimum velocity in two-phase lines should be about 10 ft/s (3 m/s) to
minimize slugging of separation equipment. This is particularly important in long
lines with elevation changes.
SI units for provisional erosional velocity calculations.
When using SI units, following are the changes in the ‘C’ values and in the
equations for density and minimum cross-sectional area:
c.1 For ‘C’ value, multiply the value given in English units with 1.22 to arrive
at the value in SI units.
c.2 Density ρm of the gas/liquid mixture in SI units (kg/m³):
28833SlP + 37.22RSgP
ρm =
28.82P + 10.68RTZ
Where the pressure is in kPa abs; temperature in K and the G/L ratio (m³/ m³) at
normal conditions of 101.325 kPa abs and 0°C.
c.3 Minimum cross-sectional area required in SI units
277.6 + (103ZRT / P)
A=
Ve
Where A is the minimum pipe cross-sectional flow area required per unit volume
flow rate, expressed in square millimeters per cubic meter per hour (mm²/m³/h).
All the calculations above, based on the empirical equation provided are for
provisional sizing only. BP erosion guidelines must be used for detailed
calculations.
BP GP 06-14 - Guidance on Practice for Erosion Control.
BP Report No S/EPT/096/04 - Erosion Guidelines Revision 3 (2004).
A flow chart provided in BP “Erosion Guidelines Rev. 3 (2004)” shall be used
to determine the erosion scenario applicable for the fluid/pipeline case under
investigation. The chart shall help in establishing maximum erosional velocity
limits especially for cases where existing pipeline systems are to be loaded with
additional capacity.
The flow chart also links to the “BP Erosion Rate Calculations” which is an excel
spreadsheet for an initial assessment of erosion. It may be required to make a
more thorough assessment using full erosion models for the erosion rate and
limiting velocities.

PAGE
5.1.3 Pipeline Pigging
All pipelines shall be properly sized and shall be suitable for Intelligent Pigging and
routine cleaning/pigging. The Launchers/Receivers and associated piping, controlling,
isolation…etc shall be designed as per international codes/standards and ADMA-
OPCO specifications. They also need to comply with the project SOR and
supplier/vendors requirements.
5.2 Separators
5.2.1 Three-Phase Separators

Three-phase separators handle gas plus two immiscible liquid phases. These two
liquid phases might be oil and water, glycol and oil etc.
Selection Criteria
a. General
The selection of a suitable Gas/Liquid/Liquid (G/L/L) separator for a given
application depends on several factors, such as:
a.1 feed composition, i.e. the phase ratio of the liquid phases
a.2 required separator performance
a.3 required gas and liquid handling capacity
a.4 whether L/L separation or G/L separation is the controlling factor
(in G/L/L separators)
a.5 required fouling tolerance.
These requirements may be conflicting, such as high fouling tolerance and high
separation efficiency.
To facilitate the choice of suitable separator types for a given application, the
table shown on page 27 should be referred.
b. Separator Performance
The following requirements need to be fulfilled by 3-phase separators
b.1 Liquid must be separated from gas in a primary separating section.

b.2 Gas velocity must be lowered to allow liquids to drop out.
b.3 Gas must be scrubbed through an efficient mist extractor.
b.4 Water and oil separation must take place in a turbulence-free section
of the vessel.

PAGE
b.5 Liquids must be retained in the vessel long enough to allow
separation. This will ensure reduced turbulence, enhanced
coalescence and enhanced chemical treatment (e.g., demulsifiers,
foam inhibitors etc.) efficiency.
b.6 The water-oil interface must be maintained.
b.7 Water and Oil must be removed from the vessel at their respective
outlets.
Reference is made to API 12J, Section 2.1 for the above.
In the event of using a dispersion agent/antifoam for improving separator
performance, it shall be studied separately including lab tests to be decided in
consultation with chemical supplier.
Liquid Separation Efficiency for G/L/L and G/L separator is defined as follows:
Liquid Separation Efficiency = (QL, out/QL, feed) 100%

Where
QL, out : Liquid stream flow rate separated from the incoming feed
stream (i.e. This is the main liquid stream leave in the vessel).
QL, feed : Liquid stream flow rate in the incoming feed stream
Typical particle size of entrained liquid in outgoing gas stream for 3-phase
separators is ≤ 100 microns.
c. Retention Time
Following are the recommendations for retention times for 3-phase

separators as per API 12J
Oil API
Retention Time, Minutes
Gravity
Above 35° API 3 to 5
Below 35° API
>100°F 5 to 10
80°F to 100°F 10 to 20
60°F to 80°F 20 to 30
Note: The above numbers are indicative and shall be checked on a case to
case basis by appropriate bottle test/laboratory test.
d. Characterizing 3-phase separators (liquid handling or gas handling

controlled)
A three-phase separator is liquid handling controlled if

PAGE
d.1 the feed to the separator is mainly liquid, and/or;
d.2 a low superficial liquid velocity is required.
For the above case a horizontal vessel is selected

However, if the separator is handling a relatively a large gas flow rate then it
is gas handling controlled & the choice should be of a vertical vessel.
e. Table for Separator selection
Horizontal 3- Vertical 3-phase

Service/Type
phase separators separators
Liquid handling controlled Recommended Shall not be used
Gas handling controlled ------- Recommended
Fouling service Recommended -------
f. Plate pack design type shall be used only after evaluating the fouling
characteristics of crude oil. ADMA-OPCO has had instances where such
design has created operational and maintenance problems due to fouling.
5.2.2 Two Phase Gas – Liquid Separators
a. General
The gas liquid separators considered as part of this section are:
a.1 Knock-out drum (vertical & horizontal separator)

a.2 Wire mesh Demister (vertical & horizontal separator)
a.3 Vane-type demister (vertical & horizontal separator)
a.4 Cyclone with tangential inlet (conventional cyclone)
These can be used for the following applications:
i. Production separator
ii. Fuel gas drum
iii. Compressor suction scrubbers
iv. Glycol or amine contactor inlet scrubber
v. Reflux drum
vi. Scrubbers in the outlet of the two or three phase separators

PAGE
b. Selection Criteria
The various criteria for selection are outlined below:
b.1 Duty
It is often necessary to separate liquid and gas phases in a certain stage of an

operation or process. Since both the conditions of the gas/liquid stream and
the required efficiency may vary widely, care shall be taken in selecting a
separator in order to match the specific duty. For example, a gas/liquid
separator upstream of a gas compressor would need to be very efficient in
terms of liquid removal, whereas in other cases a simple knock-out vessel
may be sufficient if only bulk separation of the gas and liquid phases is
required (e.g. upstream of a heat exchanger in which condensation will take
place).
Some typical duty characteristics for various applications may be as

follows:
b.1.1 Production Separators: 0.1 US Gallons/MMSCF liquid entrainment

in outlet gas with particle size ≤ 100 microns.
b.1.2 Compressor Suction Scrubbers: Compressor vendor shall be
contacted, who will specify the liquid content in the gas from the
scrubber to the compressor.
Note: Liquid carryover and liquid particle size distribution in outlet gas are
a function of the de-entrainment internals provided in the separator.
b.2 Retention Time
Following are the recommendations for retention times for 2-phase

separators as per API 12J
Oil API Retention Time,

Gravity minutes
Above 35° API 1
20° to 30° API 1 to 2
10° to 20° 2 to 4
Note: The above numbers are indicative and shall be checked on a case-to-
case basis by appropriate bottle test/laboratory test.

PAGE
5.2.3 Common Design Criteria for Two & Three Phase Separator
a. Orientation of Separator
A separator with vertical orientation should be selected when the following

requirements are to be met
a.1 a smaller plan area is required (critical on offshore platforms);

a.2 liquid removal efficiency does not vary with liquid level (area in
vessel available for gas flow remains constant);
a.3 vessel volume is generally smaller.
Horizontal vessel should be chosen when
i. large liquid slugs have to be accommodated;

ii. there is restricted head room;
iii. a low downward liquid velocity is required (for de-gassing purposes
or for foam breakdown).
b. Components
b.1 Inlet Piping to Separator

As a minimum an inlet length of ten pipe diameters (10D) should be
used without changing pipe diameter, irrespective of the type of inlet
device. If a proprietary device is installed, vendor’s
recommendations shall be taken into consideration.
b.2 Feed Inlet
The function of the inlet device is to initiate gas/liquid separation
and distribute the gas flow evenly in the gas compartment of the
vessel
It comprises of the inlet nozzle & inlet device, if any.
The diameter of the inlet nozzle is the function of the feed flow rate
& the pressure.
The criterion for nozzle sizing is that the momentum of the feed
shall not exceed prescribed levels. The maximum allowable inlet
momentum can be increased by fitting inlet devices.

PAGE
The nozzle internal diameter may be taken equal to that of the feed pipe but
also momentum criteria shall be satisfied, as per the table given
below:
Inlet Device Momentum

None ρmV2m,in ≤ 1400 kg/m.s2
Half Open Pipe ρmV2m,in ≤ 2100 kg/m.s2
Schoepentoeter ρmV2m,in ≤ 8000 kg/m.s2 (Note-1)
Cyclone (conventional) ρmV2m,in ≤ 10,000 kg/m.s2 (Note-1)
Multi-cyclone ρmV2m,in ≤ 35,000 kg/m.s2 (Note-1)
Where:
- ρm is the mean density of the mixture in the feed pipe in kg/m³
- Vm,in is the velocity of the mixture in the inlet nozzle in m/s
Note 1: Vendor to confirm the values

b.3 Gas and Liquid Outlets
After the separation of the gas & liquid phases, the two phases will
exit the separator via their respective nozzles.
The nozzle sizing criteria is as below:
Gas
The internal diameter of the gas outlet nozzle should normally be
taken equal to that of the gas outlet pipe but additionally the
following criterion shall be satisfied.
ρGV2G,out ≤ 3750 kg/m.s2
where;
ρG : the density of the outlet gas from the separator
VG,out : the velocity of the gas in the outlet nozzle
Liquids
For new installations the liquid outlet nozzle shall be sized
considering velocity below 2 m/s.
For checking adequacy of existing installations the erosion velocity
criterion specified in section 5.1.2.b may be used.
The minimum diameter is 0.05 m (2”). The nozzle shall be
equipped with vortex breaker.

PAGE
c. Level Control for Separators
c.1 Bottom Tangent Line (TL) to LLLL: minimum 350 mm

c.2 Bottom TL to LLL incase of no trip system: minimum 350 mm
c.3 LLLL to LLL: 30 seconds, minimum 150 mm
c.4 LLL to NLL: 1 minute, minimum 75 mm
c.5 NLL to HLL: 1 minute, minimum 75 mm
c.6 HLL to HHLL: 30 seconds, minimum 150 mm
c.7 HLA to LLA: maximum 80% of “HLL to LLL”
Reference is made to the following diagram:
HHLL HHLL
HLL HLL
HLA HLA
NLL NLL
LLA LLA
LLL LLL
LLLL LLLL
HHLL : High High Liquid Level with trip, if required

HLL : High Liquid Level
HLA : High Liquid Level Alarm
NLL : Normal Liquid Level
LLA : Low Liquid Level Alarm
LLL : Low Liquid Level
LLLL : Low Low Liquid Level with trip, if required
Connections for level instruments for LLLL & HHLL will be independent from
other instrument connections.

PAGE
5.3 Glycol Dehydration
5.3.1 General
The most common method for dehydration in the natural gas industry is the use of
a liquid desiccant contactor-regeneration process. In this process, the wet gas is
contacted with a lean solvent (containing only a small amount of water). The
water in the gas is absorbed by the lean solvent, producing a rich solvent stream
(one containing more water) and a dry gas.
The principal criteria for choosing the type of solvent and type of dehydration
process are governed by the amount of water to be removed and required dew
point depression. Contractor/Consultant shall refer to SOR for the quantity,
composition of the gas, quantity of water allowed in the outlet gas and the
required dew point depression.
5.3.2 Liquid Desiccants
Triethylene glycol (TEG) is generally used for dehydration of gas for absorption
type process and mono ethylene glycol (MEG) is used for hydrate suppression or
dehydration in an injection-type dew point control plant.
5.3.3 Design Guidelines for TEG systems
Direct fired heating arrangement for glycol reboilers is not preferred.
5.3.4 Design Guidelines for Mono Ethylene Glycol hydrate inhibition
Approach to hydrate temperature 5.6°C (10°F) below process temperature.
Explanation: The Mono Ethylene Glycol injection shall be such that the hydrate
formation temperature shall be depressed to 5.6°C (10°F) below the
minimum operating temperature of the gas.
5.4 Desalting Units
5.4.1 Objective of Desalting
The primary objective of desalting is to remove as much as possible of the soluble

chloride salts from the crude oil. The process also reduces the basic sediment and
water content (BS&W) of the crude, and to some extent will reduce the level of
the other impurities present. The desalter shall be located where the water content
in the incoming process stream is at least 4-5% for effective functioning of the
desalter unit.

PAGE
5.4.2 ADMA: Produced Crude Oil specification guidelines for BS&W and Salt content
a. BS&W < 0.15 weight %
b. Salt content < 50 PTB (pounds per thousand barrels)
If the above specification cannot be met by existing process facilities then a
Desalting unit may be recommended. The quantity of Salt in the Crude shall be
specified by ADMA-OPCO. The Desalting unit shall be designed to meet the
above BS&W and salt content.
5.5 Other Vessels
5.5.1 General
a. Vessels with internals which needed to be accessed/removed/cleaned/
inspected etc. and which cannot be provided with manholes due to the size of
vessel should have flanged heads.
b. Where the internal diameter of the vessel is lower than 800 mm, a note shall
be added to the vessel data sheet saying that a pipe section may be used for
fabrication of the vessel.
5.5.2 Diesel storage tanks for offshore installation

Total storage tank capacity should be for minimum 7 days normal consumption.
The storage tank shall include a low point for gathering and drainage of water.
The Diesel storage tank shall be designed according to API STD 2000 guidelines.
5.5.3 Chemical injection storage tanks (receiving tanks) for offshore installation.
For wellhead tower(s), the storage capacity for chemical (corrosion inhibitor)
required shall be 90 days at the specified nominal dosing rate.
Storage capacity at other locations shall be based on 15 days consumption.
The storage tank(s) shall as a minimum have capacity to take the volume of one
tote tank.
Vent pipes from storage tanks shall be located where the discharge does not
represent any hazard or create a non-acceptable work environment. The
combustibility or toxicity of the emissions shall be taken into account.
The liquid overflow system and drip tray drains from the various tanks may be
routed to a common manifold provided that the total system has a continuous fall
and no dead legs. Chemicals that cannot be mixed shall have dedicated lines.
Return flow to tanks shall be avoided. As per ADMA-OPCO SP-1145.
For certain high viscosity chemicals (e.g. drag reducers), it might be required to
pressurize the storage tank (e.g. with nitrogen) to ensure sufficient pump NPSH.

PAGE
5.6 Heat Exchangers
5.6.1 General
a. Terminology
Primary side : Main process fluid or main utility fluid (fluid to be

treated)
Secondary side: Utility fluid
b. Design of Heat Exchanger area
Primary side design case: Normally the maximum continuous duty will
dictate the design of the heat exchanger area, but for heat exchangers in a
compressor train, the heat exchanger area shall be designed for all continuous
operating cases including but not limited to:
b.1 all possible flow rates and temperatures determined by the

compressor characteristics of the upstream compressor
b.2 recycle flow rate and temperature along the whole anti-surge line of
the downstream compressor. Temperature drop over anti-surge
valve to be considered.
For a heat exchanger in an oil train the heat exchanger shall be designed for
all possible flow rates and temperatures determined by upstream or
downstream pump operation.
c. Design margin:
Extra heat exchanger area shall be added as a design margin. Care should be
exercised in providing design margins since such design margins easily can
bring the wall temperature to fouling conditions (hydrate, wax, scale,
decomposed glycol/degenerated glycol, coking) during turndown.
Following design guidelines should be considered for heat exchangers:
c.1 “Extra heat exchanger area” will depend on heat exchanger service,
i.e. dirty or clean service and whether fouling has a strong influence
on the total heat transfer coefficient. The extra area is typically an
addition of 10 % to 20% to the calculated area considering fouling
i.e. area required based on dirty heat transfer coefficient.
c.2 Typical values for fouling (see TEMA).
d. Drain / Vent:
It shall be possible to drain and vent all heat exchangers.

PAGE
e. Minimum Approach Temperatures:
The following minimum approach temperatures are recommended for the
design of new heat exchangers:
e.1 Shell and Tube exchangers: 5°C (9°F)
e.2 Plate Heat Exchangers: 5°C (9°F)
e.3 Air Cooled Heat Exchangers: 10°C (18°F)
f. Bulk Outlet Temperature Requirements:
The bulk outlet temperature of the primary fluid shall under no
circumstances, neither intermittent nor continuous, be below the wax or
hydrate formation temperature in order avoid plugging of the exchanger. It
is important to note that multi-pass heat exchanger with its first pass as
counter-current flow, may have internal temperatures which are below the
bulk outlet temperature.
Designer shall ensure that the design considers the conditions to prevent
hydrate and wax formation.
g. Skin Temperature
The skin temperature is the temperature outside the fouling layer or the
metal surface temperature for a clean heat exchanger.
Skin temperatures along the heat transfer area shall be reported for both the
hot and cold side.
The skin temperature requirements are:
g.1 Seawater side skin temperature shall be kept below 60°C to avoid
scale deposition on the heat exchanger wall.
g.2 The hydrocarbon side skin temperature shall be kept above the
hydrate formation temperature or wax appearance point or below
any temperature that will cause other fouling (e.g. coking,). In cases
where this is unavoidable, mitigation measures like hydrate
inhibition chemical injection shall be considered.
h. Chemical Cleaning
Nozzles for chemical flushing should be located on the heat exchanger or
on the piping near to the heat exchanger to minimize chemical consumption
(volume to be flushed).
It shall be possible to isolate the exchanger by removing the removable
spools, by inserting blinds or by the use of valves.
It shall be possible to drain out all chemicals after a “cleaning in place”
operation.
Nozzles for chemical cleaning and vent/drain can be combined.

PAGE
5.6.2 Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
Reference is made to BP GS-126-1 “Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers” for detail
design of shell & tube heat exchangers.
a. General
Shell and tube exchanger shall be designed such that the maximum flow of
primary and secondary fluid will not cause tube vibration, which can
damage the tube bundle. Special attention shall be given to high velocities
near the impingement plate. The control system shall be designed so that
the maximum flow is minimized at failure of the control system.
b. TEMA “R” will be generally used for shell and tubes and hair pin heat
exchangers. TEMA “C” can be used when acceptable.
c. For the design of expansion joints on fixed tube sheet exchangers, special
operating conditions not covered by TEMA shall be highlighted as a note in
the data sheet.
d. For heat exchangers in cyclic service, a specific note shall be added to the
data sheet. Cyclic service heat exchangers are those heat exchangers whose
thermal loads have extreme variations over a defined time cycle.
e. Exchanger with a shell side fouling factor greater than 0.00035 °C.m²/W
(0.002 ft².h.°F/Btu) shall have square pitch, due to ease of cleaning.
Triangular pitch shall be used for shell side fouling factor of 0.00035
°C.m²/W (0.002 ft².h.°F/Btu) or lower.
f. U tube exchanger can be used when tube side fouling factor is equal or
lower than 0.00018 °C.m²/W (0.001 ft².h.°F/Btu) &/or when required by the
process service.
f.1 As an exception U tubes can be provided with connections for

chemical cleaning in case of higher fouling factors with prior
agreement.
f.2 Exceptionally U tube heat exchanger can be used in cooling water
service where tubes can be cleaned by high pressure jetting again
with prior agreement.
g. Floating head type exchanger will be specified for fouling service on both
sides.

PAGE
h. Fixed tube sheet exchanger will be used for service when shell side is not
fouling (fouling factor lower than 0.00018 °C.m²/W (0.001 ft².h.°F/Btu)) or
when fouling (0.00035 °C.m²/W (0.002 ft².h.°F/Btu) or lower)) can be
removed by chemical cleaning.
i. Tube bundle diameter & length shall be in accordance with TEMA standard
recommended dimensions.
For removable bundle the following limits apply:
i.1 Tube bundle diameter shall be 1500 mm maximum.
i.2 Tube bundle length shall be 9150 mm maximum.
Bundles with bigger diameter & length may be used with prior agreement.
5.6.3 Plate and Frame Heat Exchanger (PFHE)
Regular plate & frame heat exchangers with gasket are used for liquid-to-liquid
duties under higher fouling conditions at moderate temperatures and pressures.
Fluids that are chemically aggressive towards standard gasket material must be
handled by either semi-welded or fully welded plate heat exchangers.
Reference is made to BP GS 126-5 & API standard 662 part 1 / ISO 15547-1 for
design of PFHE’s.
PFHE’s are not recommended for design pressures above 30 bar abs (435 psia)
and design temperatures above 260°C (500°F). Reference is made to BP GS 126-
5.
The nominal thickness of gasketed plates before being pressed shall be sufficient
to meet design conditions but shall not be less than 0.5 mm (0.02 inch).
Reference is made to API standard 662, part 1.
In general PFHE’s should only be limited to service involving single phase liquids
and single phase gases. PFHE’s shall not be used for vaporizing duties. A careful
evaluation shall be done before deciding to use PFHE’s in condensing duties (with
the exception of condensing steam).
PFHE’s shall incorporate a protective metal shroud to cover sides and top of the
exchanger plate pack. The shroud shall have a minimum clearance of 50 mm (2
inch) from the plate pack. Reference is made to BP GS 126-5.
A drip tray with drain connections shall be provided as an integral part of the
PFHE frame. The drip tray shall extend for the full length of frame and be 25 mm
(1 inch) wider all round than the shroud. Reference is made to BP GS 126-5.

PAGE
5.6.4 Air Cooled Heat Exchanger (ACHE)
a. Induced draft type ACHEs are not recommended for effluent air
temperatures above 95°C. This is to prevent potential damage to fan belts,
bearings, V-belts, or other mechanical components in the hot air stream.
Reference is made to GPSA Engineering Data Book, 11th Edition.
b. A straight tube length of 9.2 m (30 ft) or 12.2 m (40 ft) is preferred. If
required by specific design considerations the use of other lengths within
the maximum length specified, may be proposed.
c. Finned tubes with fins serrated on outside edge shall not be used.
d. Reference is made to BP GS 126-2 and API standard 661 / ISO 13706 for
design of ACHE’s.
e. The design air temperature for ACHE’s shall be taken as 45°C (113°F) for
all ADMA-OPCO requirements.
f. One vibration cut-out switch shall be provided for each fan driver unit.
These shall be of the manually, externally reset type not requiring
dismantling of the switch for resetting and shall have sensitivity adjustment.
g. When aluminium alloy fan blades are selected the fan ring shall be
manufactured from glass fiber reinforced plastic. If glass fiber reinforced
plastic fan blades are selected, precautions must be taken to prevent build-
up of static electricity.
h. Partition plates with holes shall be provided to allow complete draining and
venting of header compartments.
i. Generally a slope of at least 1:100 should be provided towards outlet to

ensure complete emptying of tube bundle.
j. Fin spacing for tubes shall be such that, dust/sand does not settle in between
fins. This is particularly relevant to Gulf region (sandy conditions).
k. Temperature control shall be done either by automatic louvers or using

variable speed drive for the fans.
l. At least two fans per bay for each ACHE shall be provided in order to
maintain operability during breakdown/maintenance of one fan.
m. Direct drive (fan shaft directly coupled or through gear box to electric
motor) is preferred over V-belt drive.
n. All electrical equipment shall be selected to suit the specified area

classification.

PAGE
5.6.5 Double-Pipe Heat Exchangers
a. Double-pipe heat exchangers shall be used wherever justified for economic

or space reasons. Double pipe heat exchangers are widely used where total
heat transfer surface is small, typically 100-200 ft² or less. For heat
exchangers where thin walled tubes are used, these shall be of one
continuous length without welding.
b. Double pipe heat exchangers shall be designed such that maximum flow of
fluids will not cause vibration that may cause damage to pipes and return
bends.
c. Double pipe heat exchangers shall be assembled in 12, 15 and 20 ft

effective length; effective length being distance in each leg, over which heat
transfer occurs and excludes inner pipe protruding beyond exchanger
section.
d. Over all Heat transfer Coefficient shall be calculated for each double pipe
heat exchanger depending on the nature of fluid flowing inside the tube and
fluid flowing in the annuli on case-to-case basis.
e. LMTD for double pipe heat exchanger shall be calculated considering

counter current flow.
f. Reference is made to “BP standards RP 26-1” and “Process Heat Transfer”

by D.Q Kern Chapter 6 “Counter Flow Double Pipe Exchanger”.
5.7 Pumps
Reference is made to ADMA-OPCO standard STD-131.
5.7.1 Design flow rate
The pump design flow rate shall include a minimum 10% margin on the
maximum flow rate except in the following cases:
a. intermittent service
b. minimum flow bypass using orifice plate, in which case pump design flow
rate shall be the process flow rate (as per heat and material balance) plus the
minimum flow bypass rate.
For reflux pumps, design flow rate shall be at least 120% of the operating flow
rate.

PAGE
5.7.2 Net Positive Suction Head Available (NPSHa)
It is defined as the pressure at the centerline of the pump datum level minus the
fluid vapor pressure at the given temperature. It is expressed in meter or feet of
fluid. Process designer shall provide NPSHa at reference datum level (e.g. grade
level) such that pump vendor can select the correct pump by calculating NPSHa at
his datum level.
The NPSHa must be greater than NPSHr (NPSH required, given by pump
vendor). NPSHa should be at least 1 meter greater than the NPSHr. NPSHr should
be based on 3% head loss criteria (reference API STD 610).
However, a case-by-case study depending on the application shall be done to

determine the NPSHa margin over the NPSHr.
Reciprocating pumps must consider the acceleration head when calculating the
NPSHa.
5.7.3 Minimum flow bypass
API 610 defines the following two minimum flows for centrifugal pumps:
a. minimum continuous stable flow: It is the lowest flow at which the pump can
operate without exceeding acceptable vibration limits.
b. minimum continuous thermal flow: It is the lowest flow at which the pump
can operate without its operation being impaired by the temperature rise of
the pumped liquid.
Pump operations below these points can cause shaft vibration and reduce the
mechanical seal life.
To avoid such problems, high capacity pumps shall be provided with a minimum
flow bypass with the flow controlled by a restriction orifice or a control valve. If a
restriction orifice is used, the operating flow rate of the pump should be increased
to account for the continuous bypass flow.
The sizing of the minimum bypass flow circuit shall be based on the higher of the
two minimum flows.
If it is not possible to provide a minimum flow circulation line, then adequate

instrument protection shall be provided to prevent pump operation below the
minimum allowable flow rate.

PAGE
5.7.4 General guidelines for proper selection and operation of centrifugal pumps
a. The head / capacity characteristic curve shall continuously rise as flow is
reduced to shut-off (or zero flow). The minimum recommended rise is 12%
with reference to the rated point. For parallel operation the head rise shall be
between minimum 15% to maximum 20%.
b. The pump should be capable of a head increase at the design conditions by
installing a larger impeller. The rated impeller diameter shall be between 85%
to 90% of the maximum impeller diameter as per vendor data sheet.
c. Pump(s) should not be operated below the minimum safe continuous flow as
provided by the pump manufacturer. Refer 5.7.3 for minimum flow
definition.
d. The installed power shall be adequate for maximum impeller diameter plus
120% of rated capacity.
Notes:
For fire water pumps NFPA-20 & BP guidelines shall govern. Reference is made
to BP GS 124-1 “Firewater Pumps for Onshore Use” & BP GS 124-2 “Direct
Diesel Driven Firewater Pumps for Offshore Use”.
5.7.5 General guidelines for proper selection and operation of Positive Displacement -
Reciprocating and Controlled volume pumps
Reciprocating/Controlled volume pumps are capable of handling very low flows

(<1 gpm) and are typically used for chemical injection duties in oil and gas
installations.
a. Reciprocating pumps should comply with API 674.
b. Metering (or controlled volume) pumps should comply with API 675.
c. Type of controlled volume pump shall be specified in the project specific
“SOR”. As a general guideline the following may be specified:
c.1 Packed Plunger Pumps: These are generally recommended for discharge
pressures above 5000 psia.
c.2 Diaphragm pumps are generally recommended for pressures up to 5000
psia and temperatures up to 150°C.
Double Diaphragm Pumps of the sandwich type construction are
generally recommended.
Double Diaphragm pumps should be used when:
i. Dilution of the product flow by hydraulic oil is not acceptable.
ii. Pumped fluid is extremely hazardous and/or toxic.
iii. Process leakage to the atmosphere is unacceptable
iv. Process fluid must not come in contact with air
Packed plunger pumps should not be used for the above conditions.

PAGE
d. Capacity adjustment (Reference API 675)
d.1 Pump capacity shall be adjusted by changing the actual or effective
stroke length or the pump stroking speed.
d.2 The pump shall be capable of accepting manual or automatic capacity
stroke control, either factory mounted or by field conversion.
d.3 Integral pump devices used to vary capacity either manually or
automatically shall be provided with visual indication of capacity setting,
shown as a percentage of the nameplate rated flow. Manual control shall
include a locking device to positively retain the capacity setting.
d.4 The direction of movement to increase or decrease pump flow shall be
clearly marked. All adjustment means and indicators shall be easily
accessible with the pump installed.
e. Full flow pressure relief shall be provided at the pump discharge upstream of
any isolating valve. Where the nature of the fluid would make relief valves
unreliable, rupture discs should be used either alone or in conjunction with
relief valves.
f. When specified, the vendor shall furnish pulsation suppression devices to be
located at the pump suction and/or discharge connections. The following are
three basic types of pulsation suppression devices:
f.1 Volume bottles without internals.
f.2 Pulsation dampeners using a gas-filled chamber isolated from the
pumped fluid by a piston or elastomeric diaphragm.
f.3 Pulsation filters and attenuators, including proprietary commercial
designs based on acoustical suppression techniques.
Reference is made to API 675 for the above.

PAGE
5.8 Compressors
5.8.1 General
The choice of the type of compressor (axial, centrifugal, integrally geared,

reciprocating or rotary) depends primarily on the required flow to be compressed,
the density of the gas in conjunction with the total head and the duty, which has to
be performed.
5.8.2 Condensate Removal
Condensate knockout facilities should be provided in the compressor suction line

and between stages for multi-stage machines. The suction facilities should
include, as a minimum, drum, demister pads, level glass, and means of drainage.
The suction line between the drum and the compressor should be self-draining to
the knockout drum.
5.8.3 Compressor Intakes
Air compressor intakes should be provided with filters. Intakes should be sited to
minimize the risk of ingestion of contaminants, in particular flammable gases.
5.8.4 Vibration sensors should be considered for centrifugal compressors to shut down the
driver on high vibration. For offshore installations, reference is made to section 3.3.6
of API RP 14J for compressors.
5.8.5 Centrifugal Compressors
a. Flow Rate
For rated discharge flow more than 175 cfm (300 m³/h) at actual conditions,
centrifugal compressors shall be the first choice.
b. Flow Temperatures
The maximum discharge temperature shall be kept below 180°C (356°F)
under all operating conditions, including full recycle and starting
conditions, unless otherwise specified.
c. Safety Valves
Safety valves shall be provided on the discharge side of the compressor
when the maximum pressure that can be generated exceeds the rating of the
compressor itself or the equipment connecting the discharge side is not
protected itself. When determining the maximum pressure that can be
generated, the effects of high suction pressures, high molecular weights,
high speeds, low temperatures and low flows shall all be considered.

PAGE
d. Surge Control and Prevention
Centrifugal compressors shall be provided with an anti-surge device. The
surge control system should be of modulating type, and designed to ensure
that while the recycle valves are in operation, the compressor operates on
the anti-surge control line. The recycle system should be designed for not
less than the compressor normal flow, with cooling sufficient to return the
gas to the rated suction temperature, and with no valves within the recycle
circuit other than the recycle control valve.
The response time for the control equipment should be such as to prevent
surge during any anticipated process condition including start-up and shut
down, due consideration being given to the speed at which process changes
or upsets can move the compressor operation towards surge.
e. Location of discharge side non-return valve and recycle control valve

The volume of discharge pressure gas trapped on machine shutdown should
be minimised by locating the discharge non-return valve and recycle control
valve as close to the compressor as possible. The location (i.e. upstream or
downstream of the non-return valve) of the take-off point for recycle line
shall be decided on a case-to-case basis.
f. Overpressure Protection: Suction side

Overpressure protection on the suction side of the compressor shall be
adequate to cater for the combined reverse flow through the compressor and
the recycle valve in the event of failure of the discharge non-return valve in
the wide-open position.
5.8.6 Reciprocating Compressors
a. Flow Rate
If the required flow is too small for a centrifugal compressor, or if the head
requires an unacceptably large number of stages, then a reciprocating
compressor, shall be considered.
b. Flow Temperature
The maximum predicted discharge temperature shall not exceed 150°C
(300°F), unless otherwise specified. This limit applies to all specified
operating and load conditions. Reference is made to API 618.
c. Safety valves
Full flow relief valves shall be provided at each compressor stage. Relief
valve settings for various discharge pressure ranges shall not be less than as
given in Table-3 of API 618.

PAGE
d. Sparing Philosophy
For reciprocating compressors in critical / essential services where

operational interruption for maintenance cannot be accepted, a spare unit
shall be considered.
5.8.7 Compressors for Instrument Air
For instrument air applications rotary type positive displacement or centrifugal

compressors are preferred. Rotary type screw compressors shall be non-
lubricating type. Oil flooded rotary screw compressor shall not be specified. The
following standards apply:
API 619 Rotary Type Positive Displacement Compressors for General Refinery
Services.
Note: The rotary type compressors shall be of non-lubricated dry
type design. Oil injected, lubricated type are not acceptable
for instrument air service.
API 672 Packaged Integrally Geared Centrifugal Air Compressors for General
Refinery Service.
a. Air compressor drive should normally be by induction motor.
b. Air Compressors need a foolproof sparing philosophy wherein the stand-by

compressor unit will automatically come in-line on detecting failure of the
air supply. The emergency compressor may require having an independent
electric power supply or an alternative type of drive.
c. Compressors should be fitted with coolers, which will cool the air at the
final discharge to within 15°C of the inlet temperature of the specified
cooling medium.
d. Knockout pots and automatic liquid drain traps should be provided to

remove condensate produced in the coolers.

PAGE
5.9 Line Sizing
This section deals with piping which relates to pipes in installations/plants with fixed
boundaries. For long distance transportation of fluids refer Section 5.1 on “Pipeline
Design.”
5.9.1 General
When sizing piping, the following constraints shall be addressed:
a. required capacity / available driving pressure
b. flow induced forces
c. noise / vibration
d. pressure surges
e. material degradation – erosion, corrosion, cavitation
f. liquid accumulation / slug flow
g. sand accumulation
Line sizing criteria in the sub clauses below shall be adhered to for design of new
installations.
Reference is made to API RP 14E / ISO 13703 for sizing of lines related specifically
to offshore production platforms.
5.9.2 Minimum piping sizes
The minimum pipe size shall be 2” refer to ADMA-OPCO CP-111.
For the minimum pipe size used in drain lines refer to ADMA-OPCO SP-1145
“Drain Systems”.
5.9.3 Pipe roughness
For all calculations of pressure drop, the following pipe roughness values should
be used:
a. Carbon steel (CS) corroded: 0.46 mm (0.018 inch) (Note)
b. Carbon steel (CS) non-corroded (other systems): 0.046 mm (0.0018 inch)
c. Stainless steel (SS): 0.046 mm (0.0018 inch)
d. Titanium and Cu-Ni: 0.046 mm (0.0018 inch)
e. Glass fiber reinforced polyester (GRP): Vendor to provide
f. Polyethylene, PVC: Vendor to provide
g. Flexible Hose: Vendor to provide
Note:
The value of 0.46 mm (0.018 inch) shall be used when hydraulic calculations are
performed for existing pipe installations including relief piping.
Reference is made to BP GP 44-80 for roughness values for relief system piping.

PAGE
5.9.4 Sizing of liquid lines
a. Velocity limitations
The velocities shall in general be kept low enough to prevent problems with
erosion, water-hammer pressure surges, noise, vibration and reaction forces.
In some cases a minimum velocity is required, such as in liquid lines
carrying solids (e.g. slurries, suspensions) to prevent settling of solids in the
lines.
Table 1 – Recommended maximum velocities for sizing of liquid lines
Maximum velocities (m/s)

Fluid SS / CuNic CuNic
CS GRP
Titanium 90/10 70/30
b
Liquids 6 3.5 4 6
d,e
Liquids with sand 5 7 NA NA 6
Liquids with large
quantities of mud or 4 4 NA NA NA
silt d , e
Untreated seawater a 3 7 3.5 4 6
Deoxygenated b
6 3.5 4 6
seawater
a. For pipe less than 4 inches, see BS MA-18 for maximum velocity
limitations.
b. For stainless steels & titanium the maximum velocity is limited by
system design (available pressure drop / reaction forces). 7 m/s may be
used as a typical starting value for sizing.
c. Minimum velocity for CuNi is 1.0 m/s.
d. Minimum velocity for liquids with sand should not be less than 1 m/s in
accordance with ISO 13703
e. For initial sizing these maximum velocities shall be used. However these
shall be evaluated against the BP erosion guidelines given in section
5.1.2 for liquids carrying solids.
When the service is intermittent, the velocity can be increased to 10 m/s for
Carbon Steel and Alloy Steels.
b. Centrifugal pump suction and discharge lines
The suction piping shall be sized considering NPSH requirements. The

following maximum pressure drops should be used when initially sizing the
suction line:
b.1 Sub-cooled liquids: 0.25 bar/100 m

b.2 Boiling liquids: 0.05 bar/100 m
PAGE
The fluid temperature should be at least 15°C below the fluid boiling point
temperature to allow sizing based on the criterion for sub-cooled liquids.
The maximum velocity in the discharge piping is given in Table 1. As a

guideline, a maximum pressure drop of up to 0.9 bar/100 m may be used.
Pump suction lines shall not be smaller than pump suction nozzle. Therefore,
eccentric reducer at pump suction is acceptable provided that the available
calculated NSPHa (with pressure loss in the reducer) remains acceptable
regarding the required NPSHr.
Pump suction valves shall be the same diameter as the line.
c. Reciprocating Pumps
When sizing suction lines for reciprocating pumps, acceleration head shall
be considered. The acceleration head shall be calculated per section 5.3.2.4
of ISO 13703.
In general for reciprocating pumps, the piping shall be sized based on

ISO-13703, section 5.3.2.
d. Control valve inlet lines
Control valve inlet lines should be sized such that single-phase liquid is
maintained.
e. Liquid flowing by gravity
Lines flowing by gravity includes tank overflows, drains (sanitary, closed

and open drains), and other lines where the liquid flows due to gravity
forces instead of pressure difference. Generally, for fixed installations, a
minimum downward slope of 1:100 shall be used. However, with mud
and/or sand, the slope shall be at least 1:50. On floating installations the
slopes must be evaluated according to planned installation trim.
Pipes that are running full, and do not require a minimum downward slope
to avoid particle deposition, shall be sized according to the total available
static pressure head, and the maximum allowable velocities for liquid lines.
e.1 Near Horizontal Lines

Near horizontal pipes not running full shall be sized based on the
maximum flow as given in Table 2.

PAGE
Table 2 - Flow capacity - Near horizontal pipes
Liquid flow capacity (see NOTE)
Diameter mm (inch) m3/h
Slope 1:50 Slope 1:100
50 (2) 3.7 2.6
100 (4) 24 17
150 (6) 70 49
200 (8) 150 106
250 (10) 271 192
300 (12) 441 312
350 (14) 665 471
400 (16) 950 672
Note:
According to the Manning Formula (see Finnemore and Franzini, “Fluid
Mechanics with Engineering Applications”, Mc-Graw Hill, New York, 10th
Ed., 2002) a pipe “filling degree” of 75% is assumed.
The liquid in the entrance part of a near horizontal pipe normally needs
some acceleration distance to reach full-established velocity. To reduce the
entrance pressure loss, the inlet section should have increased diameter
compared to Table 2. For the first ten pipe diameters length, the next larger
pipe diameter in Table 2 should be selected with an eccentric reducer.
e.2 Vertical Lines

Vertical gravity lines with or without submerged outlets (e.g. so-
called “dump caissons”) shall be designed such that the Froude
number is less than 0.3 to avoid air entrainment and ensure
undisturbed flow without pulsations.
Froude number = V / (D g)0.5
Where:
V is the velocity assuming full pipe in m/s
D is the pipe inner diameter in m
g is the gravity constant in m/s²
A vent line shall be included from top of the vertical gravity line to
prevent vacuum, flashing or pulsations. The vent line should be
designed for an air/vapor volumetric flow-rate equal to the liquid
volumetric flow through the vertical line and a pressure loss of
maximum 0.005 bar. The vent line for vertical lines/caissons to sea
shall also be designed for the wave motion inside lines/caisson.

PAGE
The liquid to the dump “caissons” should be tangential and sloped
downwards.
Drainage of deluge water from drain boxes through vertical lines
should be sized on basis of 50 % of the available head (assuming the
pipe running full of liquid) and not Froude number.
f. Fire Water
The line sizing of fire water lines should be based on available system
pressure and allowable flow velocities.
The pressure drop to the large deluge systems should be calculated on the
basis of the most unfavorable pipe routing to those systems.
In the ring main pipe-work the flow velocity should not exceed the velocity
as given in Table 1. Upstream the deluge skids, the flow velocities should
not exceed 10 m/s. Some areas may require velocities higher than 10 m/s in
order to hydraulically balance the systems, which is acceptable provided the
reaction force within the system does not cause excessive stress in the pipe
work or the supports.
g. Oily Water Systems
Where retaining the size of oil droplets in the water is crucial, this can be
achieved by providing low flow velocities. Typically the velocity should not
exceed 3 m/s. This should also be considered in selection of fittings and
instruments in these lines to avoid shearing of oil droplets.
5.9.5 Sizing of Gas Lines
a. General
When sizing gas lines the sizing criteria will be a compromise between the
maximum velocity (see 5.9.5.b) and allowable pressure drop, (see 5.9.5.c).
Piping with gas at the dew point and/or with some droplets should be
designed as gas lines.
b. Maximum Velocities
In lines where pressure drop is not critical, gas velocity should not exceed
limits, which may create noise or vibrations problems. As a rule of thumb
the velocity should be kept below:
V = 175 (1 / ρ)0.43 or 60 m/s, whichever, is lowest
Where:
V is the maximum velocity of gas to avoid noise in m/s
ρ is the density of gas in kg/m³

PAGE
In order to avoid excessive noise levels from line connected to pressure
control valves, the valve manufacturer shall be consulted.
For anti-surge lines the constant 175 in the formula above may be replaced
with 200 during process upsets, if the noise level is acceptable. However,
during normal recycle, the velocity should be limited to the velocity as
given by the formula above.
If solid particles exist, special attention should be given to particle erosion.
Refer to BP erosion guidelines as described in section 5.1.2.
c. Recommended Pressure Drops
Where pressure drop is critical (e.g. when it results in unacceptable liquid
drop out in suction lines between scrubber and compressor suction, inlet
lines to turbo expanders and contactors etc.) the guidelines in Table 3
should be used. The pressure drop should be interpolated between the
operating pressures given.
Table 3 - Pressure drop for single-phase gas process lines
Operating Pressure Pressure Drop
(bar (gauge)) (bar / 100 m)
0 to 35 0.001 to 0.11
35 to 138 0.11 to 0.27
Over 138 P / 500a
a. P is operating pressure in bar Abs.
5.9.6 Sizing of gas/liquid two-/multiphase lines

Refer the BP erosion guidelines as mentioned in section 5.1.2.
a. Non corrosive service
For non-corrosive well stream and for corrosion resistant pipe materials the
velocity should be limited to maximum 25 m/s if the well stream includes
only small amounts of sand or proppants (typical less than 30 mg sand/liter
in the mixed flow).
b. Corrosive Service
For carbon steel piping systems the corrosion rate often limits the lifetime.
With increased flow velocity the corrosion rate tends to increase due to
increased shear forces and increased mass transfer. The flow velocity shall
be restricted to a maximum of 20 m/s for carbon steel systems provided
with corrosion inhibitor protection. The velocity limits shall be subject to
corrosion inhibitor vendor confirmation in conjunction with ADMA-OPCO
integrity division.

PAGE
c. Particle erosion in non corrosive service
For well stream contaminated with particles the maximum allowable
velocity shall be calculated based on sand concentration, piping geometry
(bend radius, restrictions) pipe size and added erosion allowance.
Reference is made to “BP Erosion Guidelines Revision 3 (2004)”, report
no. S/EPT/096/04.
If the available pressure drop allows, the velocity shall in general be
sufficiently high to ensure homogeneous flow. This prevents instabilities
due to liquid accumulations, and it allows simple pressure drop calculations.
If lower velocities are required due to limited available pressure drop or at
turndown situations, problems with slugging and/or liquid accumulation in
the lines shall be considered.
5.9.7 Sizing of gas relief lines
a. General
In general, all flare lines shall be designed to keep the ρV² < 200,000
kg/ms² criteria (where ρ is the fluid density or mixed density for two phase
conditions in kg/m³ and V is the velocity in m/s).
Further, the selection of piping specification shall consider the effect of
acoustic fatigue, which is affected by factors such as
a.1 relative differential pressure in upstream restriction device
a.2 temperature in the flowing gas
a.3 mole weight of flowing gas
a.4 pipe diameter and wall thickness
a.5 mass flow rate
b. Pressure Safety Valve line, Flare Sub-header & Flare Main Header
The PSV discharge line upto the sub-header/main header shall be sized to
limit the velocity to Mach 0.8.
New flare sub-headers and main header should be designed to limit the
velocity to Mach 0.5.
Existing flare sub-header and main header should be checked to ensure that
the velocity does not exceed Mach 0.7 when new connections are made to
them. While making new connections the impact of back pressure on
existing relief devices should be duly taken care of.
c. Controlled flaring lines
Flaring lines downstream of control valves shall be designed for a
maximum velocity of Mach 0.5. Reference is made to Norsok Standard P-
001.

PAGE
d. Depressurization lines
The maximum flowing velocity in the lines downstream the reducer shall be
Mach 0.7.
The pressure loss shall not impose any restrictions on the depressurization
objectives.
Reference is made to Norsok Standard P-001.
e. Relief lines with slug/plug flow

For potential slug/plug flow, line sizing shall be based on slug velocity and
slug density. These slug characteristics shall form the basis for stress
calculations and design of piping support.
f. Vent lines for Atmospheric tanks
Maximum backpressure shall be 0.07 bar (gauge).
5.10 Insulation and Heat Tracing
5.10.1 General
Due to corrosion under insulation being a general problem, the philosophy shall
be to avoid insulation, where possible. Appropriate coating systems shall be
selected to minimize this problem.
The insulation and heat tracing requirements shall be determined with due
consideration to safety aspects as well as to process aspects and with the objective
to minimize life cycle cost. All operating modes shall be considered.
5.10.2 Heat Tracing
Heat tracing shall be applied where there is a potential for hydrate formation or
other solidification, for the following functions:
a. upstream pressure safety relief devices and blow down valves;
b. for process and safety instrumentation, including instrument connections and
impulse lines.
The heat tracing shall be specified to maintain temperature above the hydrate
formation/solidification temperature with a minimum margin of 5 °C.
Heat tracing shall be applied to prevent unacceptable increase in liquid viscosities.
The need for insulation and heat tracing of "dead legs" shall be based on factors
such as operating temperature, distance from main pipe, piping dimension of
"dead leg" and ambient conditions.
5.10.3 Personnel Protection
Personnel protection insulation shall be provided on an accessible section of a
pipe and/or equipment; transmitting and/or holding fluid whose normal operating
temperature is greater than 60 °C.

PAGE
5.11 Control Valves
5.11.1 General
a. Valve shall be sized for maximum, minimum, and normal flow at

corresponding differential pressures and process conditions.
b. Calculated noise level shall not exceed 85 dbA.
c. Final valve sizing shall be confirmed by the valve vendor.
5.11.2 Pressure Drop Criteria
For initial sizing purpose of control valves in pumped liquid lines, a general
guideline is to consider a pressure drop of 30% of the total system pressure drop
or 10 psi whichever is higher.
For control valves on gas lines the minimum pressure drop specified shall not be
less than 3 psi at design flow unless otherwise dictated by specific process
requirements.
5.12 Drain Systems
The overall process design requirements, sizing criteria and design factors of drain
systems shall be in accordance with ADMA-OPCO SP-1145
5.13 Vent and Depressurization Systems
The overall process design requirements, sizing criteria and design factors of vent &
depressurization systems shall be in accordance with ADMA-OPCO SP-1146.
This shall also cover dispersion and radiation modeling/calculation and acceptance
limits”. The software to be used and the acceptable limits for dispersion and radiation
shall be discussed and approved by ADMA-OPCO.
5.14 Sampling Systems
The overall process design requirements, sizing criteria and design factors of sampling
systems shall be in accordance with ADMA-OPCO SP-1148.

PAGE
6. SPARING PHILOSOPHY
6.1 Separators
No standby shall be provided.
6.2 Scrubbers
No standby for scrubbers is required.
6.3 Pumps
Pump sparing philosophy shall be as per “Project Statement of Requirement”

(SOR).
6.4 Compressors
Compressor sparing philosophy shall be as per “Project Statement of

Requirement”.
6.5 Heat Exchangers
Normally no standby for heat exchangers but can be specified in SOR.

6.6 Package Units
Sparing requirement of package units shall be as per SOR.

6.7 Flare Systems
Sparing requirement shall be as per SOR.
6.8 Safety Valves
Sparing shall be provided to enable on-line maintenance. Thermal Relief valves

are an exception and require no sparing.
6.9 Glycol Dehydration Unit
Spare glycol regeneration unit is recommended.
Note: - where applicable, sparing and stand by philosophy to be supported by

RAM studies for critical systems. Such systems shall be identified in agreement
with ADMA-OPCO.

PAGE
7. GENERAL DATA ON UTILITIES
7.1 Instrument Air
7.1.1 Recommended Instrument Air Quality

a. Dew Point @ Pressure of 7 bar (gauge): -20°C
b. Maximum Permissible Oil Content: 0.1 mg/m3
c. Maximum permissible dirt particle size: 1 micron
7.2 Sea Water

Following is the typical analysis of a representative sample of seawater.
a. Total solids 43,997 mg/l

b. Sodium 14,100 mg/l
c. Calcium 511 mg/l
d. Magnesium 1,490 mg/l
e. Chloride 24,300 mg/l
f. Bicarbonate 166 mg/l
g. Sulfate 3,410 mg/l
h. Iron Oxides 0.1 mg/l
i. Calcium Carbonate 0.1 mg/l
j. Magnesium Carbonate 0.2 mg/l
k. Bromide 52 mg/l
l. pH 7.8-8.5
m. Specific Gravity 1.032
Note: For each project the seawater properties shall be verified/confirmed.

7.3 Steam
Saturated steam used for heat exchange equipment should have a minimum
dryness fraction of 0.98.

PAGE
7.4 Potable Water
Potable water quality shall be as below:
Parameter Units Maximum Limit
Color mg/l pt/CO scale 15
Turbidity Formazing turbidity Units 5
Odor Dilution Number Unobjectionable
Taste Dilution Number Unobjectionable
Total Hardness mg/l as CaCO3 300 at 25°C
Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 100-1000 at 25°C
Residual Chlorine mg/l 0.2~0.5
Conductivity at 20°C μmhos/cm 160-1600
pH pH value 6.5-9.2
Total coliforms Number/100 ml 0
Faecal coliforms Number/100 ml 0
Faecal streptococci Number/100 ml 0
Sulphit-reducing clostridia Number/100 ml ≤1
Total Bacterial Count Number/1 ml (at 37°C) 10 at 37°C
Reference: Abu Dhabi Distribution Company Water Analysis.
7.5 Injection Water
Acceptable water quality shall be as follows:
Sodium : 12,500 mg/l
Calcium : 475 mg/l
Magnesium : 1560 mg/l
Potassium : 490 mg/l
Strontium : 9.5 mg/l
Barium : 1.0 mg/l
Iron : 1.0 mg/l
Chloride : 22,900 mg/l
Sulphate : 2970 mg/l
Bicarbonate : 115 mg/l
Total solids : 41,201 mg/l
Total Suspended Solids : < 0.02 mg/l
Water Turbidity : < 0.02 formazine turbidity units
Millipore test to be : > 6 liters/30 minutes
Filtered Water Coulter Count : < 70 particles of 2 micron size
Oxygen content : < 50 ppb
Sulphate reducing bacteria : < 10 calories / ml at wellhead
Specific Gravity : 1.027
pH : 8.0
Note: For each project, injection water analysis shall be verified/confirmed.

PAGE
7.6 Inert Gas (Nitrogen)
Nitrogen Purity:
a. Purging & general services : 97% normal, 95% minimum
b. Dry gas seals for compressors : > 99%
8. DESIGN LIFE
The Design life criteria for all on shore and offshore equipment will be 30 years unless
otherwise specified in SOR. For pipelines (onshore & offshore) the design life shall be 40
years unless otherwise specified in SOR.
9. PROCESS DESIGN SAFETY
9.1 Definition of Process Design Safety
Process Safety differs from the traditional approach to accident prevention in

many ways. Following are the defining concepts of process safety:
a. Process technology evaluation from hazard viewpoint.

b. Prediction of hazards and hazard mitigation plans.
c. Systematic analysis and mitigation measures for hazards than the earlier
approach of trial-and-error.
d. Evaluation of hazards that not only cause damage to plant /equipment/
personnel (loss of profit) but also pose a threat to other biological life and the
environment.
e. Critical review of established process industry practices and standards.
The requirement of process design safety shall be covered by separate

specification. Consultants/Contractors to coordinate with ADMA-OPCO on the
requirement of the process design safety.
9.2 Hazard Analysis
Hazard analysis is a systematic procedure for identifying, evaluating and

controlling potential hazards in a facility.
In an oil and gas installation a hazard analysis serves the purpose of providing
procedures and guidelines to minimize the likelihood of the occurrence and the
consequence of a hydrocarbon release.
The likelihood of the failure scenario should be assessed using qualitative or

quantitative techniques judged to be appropriate.

PAGE
Such risk assessment can be achieved by conducting conceptual and detailed QRA
studies as applicable and depending on the project phase.
For all new projects and new systems/facilities upgrades, the impact on the
surrounding environment shall be identified through EIA studies. All necessary
measures/ mitigations requirements shall be applied as per the EIA study findings.
Once the hazard identification and the risk assessment have been made, design or
operational improvements should be made to mitigate any unacceptable risks.
Following documents shall be referenced for details on hazard identification
(HAZID) & hazard & operability studies (HAZOP).
a. ADMA-OPCO document GDL-004 “Guideline for HAZID Study”
b. ADMA-OPCO document GDL-005 “Guideline for HAZOP Study”
c. BP RP 48-1 “Project Health, Safety & Environmental Reviews (PHSER)
Procedures.
d. API RP 14J “Recommended Practice for Design & Hazards Analysis for Offshore
Production Facilities”.
While conducting EIA and QRA studies, reference shall be made to ADNOC
guidelines and applicable BP codes and practices.
10. PIPING SPECIFICATION BREAKS
Specification breaks are required in piping systems for transition from high to low
pressure, between high and low temperature service (sometimes), and between corrosive
and non-corrosive environments. Temperature is also a consideration because it has an
effect on material strength and corrosion resistance.
When setting specification breaks it is important to look at the complete piping system
from source to destination. The specification break must be positioned so that there is no
possibility for the lower pressure, lower/higher temperature or less corrosive resistant
piping to be exposed to the harsher condition under any circumstance. Situations to
consider include; operator or instrument failure, startup/shut down conditions, line
plugging due to hydrate formation or water deposition and freezing, Joule-Thompson
expansion (sub-cooling) and plugging with corrosion products or dirt. Also, the destination
system must be properly protected with appropriately sized relief valves, vents, etc.
Methods that are used to protect a lower pressure piping system downstream from the
specification break can include:
a. No valves downstream
b. CSO valves downstream, plus a stringent management policy for such valves.
c. Where appropriate, instrument and control valve failure modes that ensure piping
system integrity.

PAGE
d. Tracing and insulation where appropriate to prevent hydrate formation and ice plugs.
e. Frequent inspection where line plugging or corrosion is suspected to be a problem.
f. Thermal expansion reliefs for trapped fluids.
Where appropriate, the procedural solutions discussed above can be covered in a note on
the P&ID, and ultimately can be addressed in the plant operating procedures.
Note: Reference is made to API RP 14J for pressure breaks (Fig 3 to Fig 6, Page 19 & 20)
on a typical offshore oil & gas production facility.
10.1 High-pressure utility systems flowing into lower pressure process systems.
Locate the specification break at the outlet flange of the furthest downstream
block valve in the utility line.
Utility Spec. Process Spec
10.2 Non-Corrosive material flowing into a corrosive system.
Generally, there will be a check valve in the line to prevent corrosive material
from back flowing into the non-corrosive resistant system and block valve or
control valve to control or shut off flow. If the check valve is upstream of the
block or control valve, locate the material specification break at the inlet flange to
the check valve. If the check valve is downstream of the block or control valve,
locate the material specification break at the inlet flange to the block or control
valve.
Non-Corrosive Spec. Corrosive Spec.

PAGE
10.3 Corrosive material flowing into a non-corrosion resistant system.
As a minimum, the specification break should be at the last valve flange (block or
check) before the material enters the non-corrosive system. If the corrosive
material flow is continuous, this may not be enough. Depending on the nature of
the corrosive material, it may be necessary to use an injection quill or to provide
corrosion resistant materials in the non-corrosion resistant piping system a few
diameters upstream and downstream of the mix point. If there is any doubt about
the application, a metallurgist should be consulted.
In cases where there is a corrosive material and also pressure differences that
would cause piping specification changes, both need to be considered. In some
unusual cases, this might result in two specification breaks; one for pressure and
the other for piping metallurgy.
10.4 Pump suction piping components should be rated for pump discharge pressure
downstream of:
a. automatically operated suction valves, and

b. manually operated suction or pump isolation valve which may be erroneously
closed out of sequence (e.g. during a maintenance operation).
This may be waived if appropriate administrative controls are provided that

preclude the operation of the suction valve(s) prior to adequate isolation from high
pressure sources, and a properly sized relief path is available that will prevent the
suction piping from being over pressured.
If the discharge of the pump enters a high pressure system which has an
independent source of pressure which could overpressure the pump suction in the
event of a pump shutdown and discharge check valve failure, then a pump
discharge SDV actuated by pump SD or suction PSH is required. Example of
such an installation would be crude shipping pumps discharging into pipelines
with several independent pressure sources.

PAGE
10.5 Compressor piping should be rated and specification breaks shown based on the
following:
a. For positive displacement type compressors (e.g. reciprocating), all piping

downstream of and including the suction block valve should be equal in
design rating to the discharge piping.
b. For kinetic energy type compressors (e.g. centrifugal), the pressure rating of
the suction piping downstream of and including the suction block valve(s)
should be at or above the settle out pressure of the compressor system
following emergency or other shutdown of the compressor.
11 PROCESS ISOLATION PHILOSOPHY
The requirements for process isolation shall comply with international standards/codes
of practices and also shall comply with the project specific isolation philosophy
document. The Consultant/Contractor shall develop the isolation philosophy in
accordance with SOR, ADMA-OPCO practices and guidelines (where applicable), and
to be approved by ADMA-OPCO before implementation.

PAGE
APPENDIX-A: ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviation Description
ACHE Air Cooled Heat Exchanger
ADMA-OPCO Abu Dhabi Marine Operating Company
BS&W Basic Sediment and Water Content
CS Carbon Steel
CSO Car Seal Open
DP Design Pressure
GOR Gas-Oil Ratio
GP Guidance on Practice
GPM Gallons per Minute
GRP Glass Reinforced Polyester (Plastic)
HIPPS High Integrity Pressure Protected Systems
HP High Pressure
IA Instrument Air
LDT Lower Design Temperature
LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
LP Low Pressure
MEG Mono Ehtylene Glycol
MOP Maximum Expected Operating Pressure
MOT Maximum Expected Operating Temperature
NOP Normal Operating Pressure
PFHE Plate & Frame Heat Exchanger
PRV Pressure Relief Valve
PSV Pressure Safety Valve
PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride

PAGE
APPENDIX-A: ABBREVIATIONS (CONT’D)
Abbreviation Description
REF Reference
RP Recommended Practice
SD Shutdown
SDV Shutdown Valve
SED Standard Engineering Document
SOR Project Statement of Requirement
SOW Scope of Work
SS Stainless Steel
TEG Triethylene Glycol
TEMA Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association
US Umm Shaif
USP Umm Shaif Plant
USSC Umm Shaif Super Complex
ZK Zakum
ZKP Zakum Plant
ZCSC Zakum Central Super Complex
ZWSC Zakum West Super Complex

PAGE
APPENDIX-B: DEFINITIONS
General Definition
Term Definitions
ADMA-OPCO The Abu Dhabi Marine Operating ADMA-OPCO.
The Contractor referred in this document is the Engineering Procurement

and Construction (EPC) Contractor or the Installation Contractor who shall
Contractor
be responsible for carrying out all works in accordance with this
Specification and other requirements as per Contract.
All those planned and systematic actions (QA) necessary to ensure quality
Quality Assurance i.e. to provide adequate confidence that a product or service will be fit for
its intended purpose.
A Document setting out the general quality policies, procedures and

Quality Manual
practices of an organization.
A document prepared by the Contractor/Vendor setting out the specific

Quality Plan
quality practices, resources and activities relevant to a particular project.
Quality The structure organization, responsibilities, activities, resources and events

Management that together provide organized procedures and methods of implementation
System to ensure the capability of the organization to meet quality requirements.
Is the Company contracted to undertake the Third Party Inspection &

TPA
Verification Tasks (TPA) on behalf of ADMA-OPCO.
Is the named Manufacturer or Supplier in the ADMA-OPCO Purchase

Vendor Order. The term “Vendor” as used herein includes all Manufacturers and
sub-suppliers of equipment covered by this Document.

PAGE
APPENDIX-C: REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
Unless otherwise specified, the latest edition of the Specification Engineering Documents listed
below shall to the extent specified herein, represent part of this document.
Designation Title
ADMA-OPCO
Third Party Inspection & Certification Requirements for New Equipment

CP-102
and Materials in Manufacture
CP-111 Code of Practice for Small Bore Connections of Piping and Pressure Vessels
GDL-004 Guideline for HAZID Study
GDL-005 Guideline for HAZOP Study
STD-131 Standard For Centrifugal Pumps
SP-1009 Requirements for Contractors Quality System
SP-1145 Specification For Drain Systems
SP-1146 Specification For Vent and Depressurization Systems
SP-1148 Specification For Sampling system
American Petroleum Institute (API)
API SPEC 12J Specification for Oil and Gas Separators
Recommended Practice for Analysis, Design, Installation, and Testing of

API RP 14C
Basic Surface Safety Systems for offshore Production Platforms
Recommended Practice for Design and Installation of Offshore Production

API RP 14E
Platform Piping Systems
Recommended Practice for Design and Hazards Analysis for Offshore

API RP 14J
Production Facilities
Recommended Practice for Classification of Locations for Electrical

API RP 500 Installations at Petroleum Facilities Classified as Class I, Division I and
Division 2
API STD 521 Guide for Pressure Relieving and Depressurizing Systems
API STD 610 Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries
Centrifugal Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Service

API STD 617
Industries

PAGE
APPENDIX-C: REFERENCED DOCUMENTS (CONT’D)
Designation Title
Reciprocating Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry

API STD 618
Service
Rotary Type Positive Displacement Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical,

API STD 619
and Gas Industry Services
API STD 620 Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low-Pressure Storage Tanks
API STD 2000 Venting Atmospheric and Low Pressure Storage Tanks
API STD 661 Air Cooled Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Service
API STD 662

Plate and Frame Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Service
(Part-1)
Packaged, Integrally Geared Centrifugal Air Compressors for Petroleum,

API STD 672
Chemical, and Gas Industry Services
API STD 674 Positive Displacement Pumps- Reciprocating
API STD 675 Positive Displacement Pumps- Controlled Volume
British Petroleum (BP)
GP 06-14 Guidance on Practice for Erosion Control, 15th August 2005
GP 44-80 Guidance on Practice for Relief Disposal Systems, 31st March 2006.
GS 124-1 Firewater Pumps for Onshore use, October 1993.
Direct Diesel Engine Driven Firewater Pumps For Offshore use, August
GS 124-2
1993
GS 126-1 Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers, July 1997
GS 126-2 Air Cooled Heat Exchangers, April 1995
GS 126-5 Design of Plate-and-Frame Heat Exchangers for Offshore use, July 1993
RP 26-1 Heat Exchange Equipment, February 1997
RP 34-1 Rotating Machinery, September 1992
RP 44-1 Overpressure Protection Systems, November 1992
RP 44-3 Design Guidelines for Relief Disposal Systems, November 1993

PAGE
Designation Title
Project Health, Safety and Environmental Reviews (PHSER) Procedures,

RP 48-1
July 1996
SPC-PI-00001 Process and Mechanical Design
S/EPT/096/04 BP report Erosion guidelines Revision 3 (2004)
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
SI Units and Recommendations for the Use of Their Multiples and of Certain
ISO 1000
Other Units
ISO 9001 Quality Management Systems – Requirements
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Design and installation of piping

ISO 13703 : 2000
systems on offshore production platforms
ISO 13706-1 : Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Air-cooled heat
2005 exchangers
ISO 15547-1 : Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries -- Plate-type heat
2005 exchangers – Part-1 Plate and Frame Heat Exchanger
International Electro Technical Commission
Functional Safety of Electrical/Electronic/Programmable Electronic Safety

IEC-61508
Related System
IEC-61511 Functional Safety: Safety Instrumented Systems for Process Industry Sector
National Fire Protection Association
NFPA-20 Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection
British Standards Institution (BSI)
BS MA-18 Specification for Salt Water Piping Systems in Ships
BS EN 10204 Metallic Products – Types of Inspection Documents
Norsok Standard
P-001 Process Design, 5th Edition September 2006

PAGE
Designation Title
Other Documents
GPSA Engineering Data Book, 11th Edition
D. Q. Kern: Process Heat Transfer
Finnemore and Franzini: Fluid Mechanics with Engineering Applications Mc-Graw Hill
New- York 10th Edition

PAGE

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COPYRIGHT © ABU DHABI MARINE OPERATING ADMA-OPCO - ADMA-OPCO

The soft copy of this document on

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SF / General / 001 Rev.0 sheet 1 of 1

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9. PROCESS DESIGN SAFETY................................................................................................. 58

11 PROCESS ISOLATION PHILOSOPHY.............................................................................. 62

APPENDIX-B: DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................................ 65

APPENDIX-C: REFERENCED DOCUMENTS ........................................................................... 66

0 01-08 Issued For Implementation

This Specification specifies ADMA-OPCO minimum requirements which shall be

a. Developing a project specific design criteria.

This Specification is intended to provide the minimum basic requirements of

0 01-08 Issued For Implementation

This Specification excludes:

In case of proprietary equipment/ packages, the Process licensor shall be solely

The latest edition/revision of ADMA-OPCO Standard Engineering Documents as

1.5.2 Equivalent Standards

Standard Documents equivalent to those referred to herein shall not be substituted

Where differences and/or conflicting issues occur between the referenced

The following hierarchy of adherence to standards shall be followed:

a. Whenever ADMA-OPCO Standard Engineering Documents (SED’s) relevant

0 01-08 Issued For Implementation

The abbreviations used in this Specification are listed in Appendix-A.

The definitions used in this Specification are listed in Appendix-B.

1.8 Use of Language

a. ‘Will’ is used normally in connection with an action by ADMA-OPCO and /

0 01-08 Issued For Implementation

Parameters Unit Abbreviations

Standard conditions are defined as below:

0 01-08 Issued For Implementation

2.1 Quality Assurance System

2.1.3 The Contractor/Vendor’s quality management system shall be based on ADMA-

Where an approved Contractor/Vendor revises their Quality Management System

2.1.7 Using Sub-Contractors is not allowed for services/functions carried out by a

0 01-08 Issued For Implementation

2.2.3 During services/activities, quality assurance/quality control issues are the

2.3 Certification Requirements

0 01-08 Issued For Implementation

3.1 Meteorological Data

* Extreme wind velocity corresponding to one hundred year return period.

0 01-08 Issued For Implementation

4.1 Design Margin for Flow

4.2.1 Pseudo Component Data for Zakum Plant

Boiling Point Molecular Density,

0 01-08 Issued For Implementation

Boiling Point Molecular Density,

In the absence of detailed composition available at the Battery limit, ADMA-

0 01-08 Issued For Implementation

4.3.1 Normal Operating Pressure (NOP)

4.3.2 Maximum Expected Operating Pressure (MOP)

The MOP shall be specified considering conditions of start-up, shutdown and

MOP for various type of equipment shall be as follows:

MOP for Separators:

For new separators the MOP shall be 105% of the NOP.

MOP for K.O. Drums/Suction Scrubbers/Coolers/Condensers for Centrifugal

MOP (Shut-In Pressure) for Centrifugal Compressors

MOP (Shut-In Pressure) for centrifugal compressors should be determined as