Thermo

Question 1
Determine ΔH, ΔS and ΔG
a) K+(aq)+Br-(aq)+47kJ → KBr(s)
b) CH4(g)+2H2O(g) →4H2(g)+CO2(g)+281kJ

Question 2
Find the enthalpy of combustion
C2H6+O2→CO2+H2O

Question 3
Using the following data to determine the enthalpy formation for propanol (C3H7OH).
Mass of water 200g
Initial water temperature 18.2°C
Final water temperature 55.2°C
Initial mass of spirit burner and propanol 185.51g
Final mass of spirit burner and propanol 184.56g
ΔHf: H2O(l) -286 kJ/mol; CO2(g) -393 kJ/mol

Question 4
2C8H18+25O2→16CO2+18H2O ΔHrxn=-10909kJ/mol
10g of C8H18 react with 30g of O2, how much energy will be produced?

Question 5
Ca+2C→CaC2
CaO→Ca+1/2O2
CaO+H2O→Ca(OH)2
C2H2+5/2O2→2CO2+H2O
CO2→C+O2
Find CaC2+2H2O→Ca(OH)2+C2H2
Question 6
Diborane B2H6 is a highly reactive compound, calculate the heat of formation of B2H6 using 2 different method
2B+3/2O2→B2O3 ΔHrxn=-1273 kJ/mol
B2H6+3O2→B2O3+3H2O(g) ΔHrxn=-2035 kJ/mol
H2+1/2O2→H2O(l) ΔHrxn=-286 kJ/mol
H2O(l)→H2O(g) ΔHrxn=+44 kJ/mol

Question 7
Graphite (C) (12.01g/mol) is burned in oxygen to give CO (28.01g/mol) and CO2 (44.01g/mol). If the product
mixture is 33% CO and 67% CO2 by mass. What is the heat from the combustion of 1g of graphite.
ΔHf: CO(g) -110 kJ/mol; CO2(g) -393 kJ/mol

Question 8
A sample of natural gas contains CH4 (16.04g/mol)and C2H6 (30.07g/mol). The heat from the complete
combustion of 1g of this mixture is 54.75kJ. Calculate the percentage of CH4 in the gas mixture.
ΔHf: CH4 (g) -75 kJ/mol; C2H6(g) -85 kJ/mol; H2O(l) -286 kJ/mol; CO2(g) -393 kJ/mol

Gas
Question 1
What is the total pressure(kPa) after the stopcock between the flasks are opened?

Question 2
Ammonia is oxidized to nitric oxide via the following reaction NH3(g)+O2(g)→NO(g)+H2O(l). The stopcock
between the two reaction containers is opened, and the reaction proceeds using proper catalysts. Calculate the
total pressure after the reaction is complete. Assume the temperature is constant.
Question 3
A mixture of hydrogen and oxygen is prepared by electrolyzing 2.12 g of water, H2O(l) →H2(g) + O2(g)
The mixture of gases is collected over water at 25°C at a pressure of 86.70 kPa. The volume of “wet” gas
obtained is 5.4 L. Find the vapour pressure of water at 25°C?

Question 4
A chemist weighed out 5.14 g of a mixture containing unknown amounts of BaO(s) (153.33g/mol) and CaO(s)
(56.08g/mol) and placed the sample in a 1.5L flask containing CO2(g) at 30°C and 750torr. After the complete
reaction to form BaCO3(s) and CaCO3(s), the pressure of CO2(g) remaining was 230torr. Calculate the mass
percentages of BaO in the mixture.

Question 5
A mixture of chromium (52.00 g/mol) and zinc(65.39 g/mol) weighing 0.362 g was reacted with an excess of
hydrochloric acid. After all the metals in the mixture reacted, 225 mL of dry hydrogen gas was collected at
27°C and 750mmHg. Determine the mass percent Zn in the metal sample.
[Hint: chromium reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce chromium(III) chloride and hydrogen gas.]

Question 6
Nitrogen gas reacts with hydrogen gas to form ammonia gas (NH3) in a 15.0L container fitted with a movable
piston (the piston allows the container volume to change so as to keep the pressure constant inside the
container). Initially the partial pressure of each reactant gas is 1.00 atm. Assume the temperature is constant
and that the reaction goes to completion.
a. Calculate the partial pressure of ammonia in the container after the reaction has reached completion.
b. Calculate the volume of the container after the reaction has reached completion.

Question 7
A hydrocarbon (CxHy) sample at 0.959atm and 298K. After combustion, the mixture CO2 gas and water
vapour is collected at 1.51atm and 375K. and the mixture has a density of 1.391 g/L. The mixture volume at
375K is 4 times larger than the pure hydrocarbon at 298K. Determine the molecular formula of the
hydrocarbon.
Hint: 𝑃𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇
𝑚
𝑃𝑉 = 𝑅𝑇
𝑀𝑟
𝑚 1
𝑃= 𝑅𝑇
𝑉 𝑀𝑟
1
𝑃=𝜌 𝑅𝑇
𝑀𝑟
𝑃 × 𝑀𝑟
𝜌=
𝑅×𝑇

Question 8
Equimolar mixture of the gases SO2 (64.06g/mol) and O2 (32.00g/mol), along with some He (4.00g/mol), in a
container fitted with a piston. The density of this mixture at STP is 1.924 g/L. Assume constant temperature
and pressure.
a. What is the mole fraction of He in the original mixture?
b. The SO2 and O2 react to completion to form SO3. What is the density of the gas mixture after the reaction?
Solution
Question 1 (Back Titration with Gas)
223 mL of dry HF gas, at 35°C and 0.77atm, is dissolved in water. This solution is titrated with 200 mL of
0.7M Al(OH)3. How many mL of 0.6M H2SO4 is needed to titrate the solution to its endpoint?

Question 2 (Back Titration with Gas)

253 mL of dry H2S gas at 780mmHg is dissolved in water. The solution is then titrated against 170mL of 0.7M
NaOH. Additional 300mL of 0.11M H3PO4 is added to achieve its end point. Find the temperature of dry H2S.

Question 3
5g sample containing a mixture of dry Sr(OH)2 and SrCl2 was dissolved in 50mL of 0.3M H3PO4 solution.
Mixture of Base and Salt dissolve in acid. This solution was then made up to 400mL. A 25mL sample of this
solution was titrated against 27 cm3 of 0.06 mol/dm3 NaOH. What was the mass % of the SrCl2 in the original
sample?

Question 4
When 0.05L of magnesium phosphate solution is mixed with 100mL sodium sulfate Solution, a precipitate of
magnesium sulfate forms. The concentration of the remaining ions in the solution is 0.3M for magnesium and
0.8M for sodium. What mass of magnesium sulfate is formed in the reaction? What is the concentration of
magnesium phosphate and sodium sulfate in the original solution?

Question 5
Five reagents were added together to neutralize each other. The solutions mixed together are 1L of 0.03M H2S,
80mL of 0.2M H3PO3, 50mL of 0.3M HCN, 2L of 0.3M LiOH and 400mL of 0.75M Ca(OH)2. Show whether
the final solution is acidic or basic or neutral.

Question 6
500 mL of 1.25M Mg3(NH4)6(PO4)n, magnesium ammonium phosphate is mixed with 200mL of 0.5M
Ca6(PO4)m(OH)3, Calcium phosphate hydroxide. 25mL of aliquot of sample was then mixed mixed with
325mL of pure water. Calculated the concentration of phosphate

Question 7
A 15.7 g sample of hydrated manganese carbonate Mn(CO3)m. nH2O was dissolved in water and titrated with
0.08M HCl solution, 2.963L being required. Another sample of the hydrated manganese carbonate lost 34%
of its mass when heated, leaving a residue of manganese carbonate. Calculate the values of m and n

Question 8
A 10 g mixture of zinc and magnesium is reacted with the stoichiometric amount of hydrochloric acid,
78mL used in total. The reaction mixture is then reacted with 156 mL of 3.0 M silver nitrate to produce the
maximum possible amount of silver chloride. Determine the mass of magnesium in the original mixture and
the concentration of the HCl? (Hint: Silver nitrate + Chloride → Silver chloride + Nitrate)

Question 9
27.4mL of a 1.9M Iron chloride (FeCln) solution was mixed with 38mL of a 4.2M Ammonium hydroxide
solution(NH4OH) and iron hydroxide precipitated out. The remaining ion concentration Cl- is 2.35M and OH-
is 0.11M
a) Find n b) 0.6g of MgCl2 was then added to the mixture and a new precipitate formed instantly, what is the
mass of the new solid and what is the final concentration of Cl-.