Quantitative Revision

Quantitative
Chemistry
Revision
SHASHINI PEIRIS
Calculating percentage by mass of an element/compound
Calculating relative atomic mass using percentage abundances
Calculating number of particles
Calculating number of moles
𝑚 𝑉
n= n= n= CV
𝑀𝑟 𝑚𝑉
Calculating percentage yield
Empirical formula and molecular formula
Calculating empirical formula and molecular formula
(Empirical formula)n = Molecular formula
Mass of (Empirical formula)n = Mass of Molecular formula

Question 1
I. Chlorine with relative atomic mass of 35.5 contains two isotopes 35Cl and
37Cl, what is the relative abundance of each isotope in a sample of chlorine?
II. Calculate the average atomic mass of magnesium using the following data for
three magnesium isotopes. (Abundance not in percentage form).
Isotope Mass (amu) Relative abundance
Mg-24 23.985 0.7870
Mg-25 24.986 0.1013
Mg-26 25.983 0.1117
Question 2
Calculate the molecular mass/formula mass of the following
I. C3H8
II. Na2CO3
III. (NH4)2SO4
IV. HNO3
V. K3(PO4)
VI. CuSO4.5H2O
VII. CaCO3
VIII. Mg(OH)2
IX. HCl
X. BaSO4
Question 3
I. How many moles of Fe are in 5.6 g Fe sample? How many Fe atoms are
contained in the sample?
II. The human body contains around 0.025 g of iodine molecules, I2.Calculate
the number of iodine atoms in 0.025 g of I2?
The Avogadro constant is 6.02 × 1023mol–1.

Question 4
Question 5
Question 6
Nickel(II) chloride reacts with sodium phosphate to precipitate nickel(II)
phosphate.
3NiCl2(aq) + 2Na3PO4(aq) Ni3(PO4)2(s) + 6NaCl(aq)
How many moles of nickel(II) chloride are needed to produce 0.517 mol nickel(II)
phosphate?
Question 7
White phosphorus, P4, is prepared by fusing calcium phosphate, Ca3(PO4)2, with
carbon, C, and sand, SiO2, in an electric furnace.
2Ca3(PO4)2(s) + 6SiO2(s) + 10C(s) P4(g) + 6CaSiO3(l) + 10CO(g)
How many grams of calcium phosphate are required to give 15.0 g of

phosphorus?
Question 8
Acrylonitrile, C3H3N, is the starting material to produce a kind of synthetic ﬁber
(acrylics). It can be made from propylene, C3H6, by reaction with nitric oxide, NO.
4C3H6(g) + 6NO(g) 4C3H3N(g) + 6H2O(g) + N2(g)
How many grams of acrylonitrile are obtained from 452 kg of propylene?

Question 9
25 cm3 of 0.2 mol/dm3 sodium hydroxide solution was neutralized by 0.15
mol/dm3 sulfuric acid. Calculate the volume of sulfuric acid needed for the
neutralization.
2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O

Calcium and its compounds, have properties typical of Group II in
the Periodic Table. Calcium carbonate, CaCO3, reacts with acids
such as nitric acid.
A student neutralized 2.68 g of CaCO3 with 2.50 moldm–3 nitric acid,

HNO3. The equation for this reaction is shown below.
Question 10 CaCO3(s) + 2HNO3(aq) → Ca(NO3)2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
I. Determine the amount, in mol, of CaCO3 reacted
II. Calculate the volume, in cm3, of CO2 produced at standard

temperature and pressure
III. Calculate the volume of 2.50 moldm–3 HNO3 needed to

neutralize 2.68 g of CaCO3
Question 11
I. A compound is 52.0% Zinc, 9.6% Carbon, and 38.4% Oxygen. Calculate the
empirical formula of the compound.
II. A compound is 92.2% Carbon and 7.76% Hydrogen. The formula mass of the
compound is 78.1 g. Calculate the empirical formula and molecular formula
of the compound.
III. In an experiment, it was found that 11.775 g of Sn combined with 3.180 g of

O. Write the empirical formula and name the compound that is formed.
Question 12
I. For the balanced equation shown below, how much NH3 will produce from the reaction of 77.0
grams of CaCN2 .Actual yield of NH3 is 27.1 grams, what is the percentage yield?
CaCN2+ 3H2O CaCO3+2NH3
II. For the balanced equation shown below, if the reaction of 91.3 grams of C3H6 produces a
percentage yield of 81.3% for CO2, calculate the actual yield for CO2.
2C3H6+ 9O2 6CO2+6H2O
III. 107 g of oxygen is produced by heating 300 grams of potassium chlorate. Calculate the %
yield. 2KClO3 → 2KCI + 3O2
Question 13
New industrial plants for acetic acid react liquid methanol with carbon monoxide
in the presence of a catalyst.
CH3OH(l) + CO(g) CH3COOH(l)
In an experiment, 15.0 g of methanol and 10.0 g of carbon monoxide were

placed in a reaction vessel. What is the theoretical yield of acetic acid? If the
actual yield is 19.1 g, what is the percentage yield?
Question 14
Using the following reaction;
C4H9OH + NaBr + H2SO4 C4H9Br + NaHSO4 + H2O
If 15.0 g of C4H9OH react with 22.4 g of NaBr and 32.7 g of H2SO4 to yield 17.1 g
of C4H9Br experimentally, what is the percent yield of this reaction?
Limiting reactant
• Often reactants are added to a reaction vessel in amounts different from the molar
proportions given by the chemical equation.
• In such cases, only one of the reactants may be completely consumed at the end of
the reaction, whereas some amounts of other reactants will remain unreacted.
The limiting reactant (or limiting reagent) is the reactant that is entirely consumed
when a reaction goes to completion
• A reactant that is not completely consumed is often referred to as an excess reactant

Limiting reactant continued…
The moles of product are always determined by the starting moles of limiting
reactant.
2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(g)
• When an equal number of moles of H2 and O2
are reacted according to the above equation, all
of the H2 completely reacts, whereas only half of
the O2 is consumed.
• In this case, the H2 is the limiting reactant and
the O2 is the excess reactant.
Question 15
Zinc metal reacts with hydrochloric acid by the following reaction:
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
If 0.30 mol Zn is added to hydrochloric acid containing 0.52 mol HCl, how many
moles of H2 are produced?
HCl is the limiting reactant, and the amount of H2 produced is 0.26 mol
Question 16
Aluminum chloride, AlCl3, is used as a catalyst in various industrial reactions. It is
prepared from hydrogen chloride gas and aluminum metal shavings.
2Al(s) + 6HCl(g) 2AlCl3(s) + 3H2(g)
Suppose a reaction vessel contains 0.15 mol Al and 0.35 mol HCl. How many
moles of AlCl3 can be prepared from this mixture?
Question 17
Potassium superoxide, KO2, is used in rebreathing gas masks to generate oxygen.
4KO2(s) + 2H2O(l) 4KOH(s) + 3O2(g)
If a reaction vessel contains 0.25 mol KO2 and 0.15 mol H2O, what is the limiting
reactant? How many moles of oxygen can be produced?
Question 18
Solutions of sodium hypochlorite, NaClO, are sold as a bleach (such as Clorox).
They are prepared by the reaction of chlorine with sodium hydroxide.
2NaOH(aq) + Cl2(g) NaCl(aq) + NaClO(aq) + H2O(l)
If you have 1.23 mol of NaOH in solution and 1.47 mol of Cl2 gas available to
react, which is the limiting reactant? How many moles of NaClO(aq) could be
obtained?
Question 19
In a process for producing acetic acid, oxygen gas is bubbled into acetaldehyde, CH3CHO,
containing manganese(II) acetate (catalyst) under pressure at 60°C.
2CH3CHO(l) + O2(g) 2CH3COOH(l)
In a laboratory test of this reaction, 20.0 g CH3CHO and 10.0 g O2 were put into a reaction vessel.
a) How many grams of acetic acid can be produced by this reaction from these amounts of
reactants?
b) How many grams of the excess reactant remain after the reaction is complete?
Question 20
Given the following equation;
Zn + CuCl2 ZnCl2 + Cu
How many grams of ZnCl2 will be produced from 7.00g of Zn and 8.00g of CuCl2?
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Quantitative

(Empirical formula)n = Molecular formula

Mass of (Empirical formula)n = Mass of Molecular formula

The Avogadro constant is 6.02 × 1023mol–1.

3NiCl2(aq) + 2Na3PO4(aq) Ni3(PO4)2(s) + 6NaCl(aq)

2Ca3(PO4)2(s) + 6SiO2(s) + 10C(s) P4(g) + 6CaSiO3(l) + 10CO(g)

How many grams of calcium phosphate are required to give 15.0 g of

4C3H6(g) + 6NO(g) 4C3H3N(g) + 6H2O(g) + N2(g)

How many grams of acrylonitrile are obtained from 452 kg of propylene?

2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O

A student neutralized 2.68 g of CaCO3 with 2.50 moldm–3 nitric acid,

Question 10 CaCO3(s) + 2HNO3(aq) → Ca(NO3)2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

I. Determine the amount, in mol, of CaCO3 reacted

II. Calculate the volume, in cm3, of CO2 produced at standard

III. Calculate the volume of 2.50 moldm–3 HNO3 needed to

III. In an experiment, it was found that 11.775 g of Sn combined with 3.180 g of

CaCN2+ 3H2O CaCO3+2NH3

CH3OH(l) + CO(g) CH3COOH(l)

In an experiment, 15.0 g of methanol and 10.0 g of carbon monoxide were

C4H9OH + NaBr + H2SO4 C4H9Br + NaHSO4 + H2O

• A reactant that is not completely consumed is often referred to as an excess reactant

2Al(s) + 6HCl(g) 2AlCl3(s) + 3H2(g)

4KO2(s) + 2H2O(l) 4KOH(s) + 3O2(g)

2NaOH(aq) + Cl2(g) NaCl(aq) + NaClO(aq) + H2O(l)

2CH3CHO(l) + O2(g) 2CH3COOH(l)

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