4 For

Examiner’s
Use
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

1 (a) State the difference between a scalar quantity and a vector quantity.

scalar: ..............................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

vector: ..............................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Two forces of magnitude 6.0 N and 8.0 N act at a point P. Both forces act away from
point P and the angle between them is 40°.
Fig. 1.1 shows two lines at an angle of 40° to one another.

P 40°

Fig. 1.1

On Fig. 1.1, draw a vector diagram to determine the magnitude of the resultant of the
two forces.

magnitude of resultant = ...................................... N [4]

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Examiner’s
Use
2 Fig. 2.1 shows the variation with distance x along a wave of its displacement d at a particular
time.

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
x/m

Fig. 2.1

The wave is a progressive wave having a speed of 330 m s–1.

(a) (i) Use Fig. 2.1 to determine the wavelength of the wave.

wavelength = ................................... m

(ii) Hence calculate the frequency of the wave.

frequency = .................................... Hz
[3]

(b) A second wave has the same frequency and speed as the wave shown in Fig. 2.1 but
has double the intensity. The phase difference between the two waves is 180°.

On the axes of Fig. 2.1, sketch a graph to show the variation with distance x of the
displacement d of this second wave. [2]

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 6 For
Examiner’s
Use
3 A student has been asked to determine the linear acceleration of a toy car as it moves down
a slope. He sets up the apparatus as shown in Fig. 3.1.

Fig. 3.1

The time t to move from rest through a distance d is found for different values of d. A graph of
d (y-axis) is plotted against t 2 (x-axis) as shown in Fig. 3.2.

120

100

d / cm

80

60

40

20

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
t 2 / s2

Fig. 3.2

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 7 For
Examiner’s
Use
(a) Theory suggests that the graph is a straight line through the origin.
Name the feature on Fig. 3.2 that indicates the presence of

(i) random error,

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) systematic error.

...................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) (i) Determine the gradient of the line of the graph in Fig. 3.2.

gradient = ........................................... [2]

(ii) Use your answer to (i) to calculate the acceleration of the toy down the slope.
Explain your working.

acceleration = ........................................ m s–2 [3]

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 8 For
Examiner’s
Use
4 A ball has mass m. It is dropped onto a horizontal plate as shown in Fig. 4.1.

v plate

Fig. 4.1

Just as the ball makes contact with the plate, it has velocity v, momentum p and kinetic
energy Ek.

(a) (i) Write down an expression for momentum p in terms of m and v.

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) Hence show that the kinetic energy is given by the expression

p2
Ek = .
2m

[3]

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 9 For
Examiner’s
Use
(b) Just before impact with the plate, the ball of mass 35 g has speed 4.5 m s–1. It bounces
from the plate so that its speed immediately after losing contact with the plate is
3.5 m s–1. The ball is in contact with the plate for 0.14 s.

Calculate, for the time that the ball is in contact with the plate,

(i) the average force, in addition to the weight of the ball, that the plate exerts on the
ball,

magnitude of force = .................................... N

direction of force = ........................................

[4]

(ii) the loss in kinetic energy of the ball.

loss = ....................................... J [2]

(c) State and explain whether linear momentum is conserved during the bounce.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [3]

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 10 For
Examiner’s
Use
5 Two forces, each of magnitude F, form a couple acting on the edge of a disc of radius r, as
shown in Fig. 5.1.

F r
F

Fig. 5.1

(a) The disc is made to complete n revolutions about an axis through its centre, normal to
the plane of the disc. Write down an expression for

(i) the distance moved by a point on the circumference of the disc,

distance = .........................................................

(ii) the work done by one of the two forces.

work done = ..........................................................

[2]

(b) Using your answer to (a), show that the work W done by a couple producing a torque T
when it turns through n revolutions is given by

W = 2πnT. [2]

(c) A car engine produces a torque of 470 N m at 2400 revolutions per minute. Calculate
the output power of the engine.

power = .................................. W [2]

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Examiner’s
Use
6 Fig. 6.1 shows wavefronts incident on, and emerging from, a double slit arrangement.

O X

Fig. 6.1

The wavefronts represent successive crests of the wave. The line OX shows one direction
along which constructive interference may be observed.

(a) State the principle of superposition.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................ [3]

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 13 For
Examiner’s
Use
(b) On Fig. 6.1, draw lines to show

(i) a second direction along which constructive interference may be observed (label
this line CC),
(ii) a direction along which destructive interference may be observed (label this line
DD).
[2]

(c) Light of wavelength 650 nm is incident normally on a double slit arrangement. The
interference fringes formed are viewed on a screen placed parallel to and 1.2 m from the
plane of the double slit, as shown in Fig. 6.2.

screen

light of
a
wavelength 650 nm

1.2 m
not to scale
Fig. 6.2

The fringe separation is 0.70 mm.

(i) Calculate the separation a of the slits.

separation = .................................. m [3]

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 14 For
Examiner’s
Use
(ii) The width of both slits is increased without changing their separation a. State the
effect, if any, that this change has on

1. the separation of the fringes,

...................................................................................................................................

2. the brightness of the light fringes,

...................................................................................................................................

3. the brightness of the dark fringes.

...................................................................................................................................
[3]

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Examiner’s
Use
7 A household electric lamp is rated as 240 V, 60 W. The filament of the lamp is made from
tungsten and is a wire of constant radius 6.0 × 10–6 m. The resistivity of tungsten at the
normal operating temperature of the lamp is 7.9 × 10–7 Ω m.

(a) For the lamp at its normal operating temperature,

(i) calculate the current in the lamp,

current = ........................................ A

(ii) show that the resistance of the filament is 960 Ω.

[3]

(b) Calculate the length of the filament.

length = ........................................ m [3]

(c) Comment on your answer to (b).

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

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 16 For
Examiner’s
Use
8 A thermistor has resistance 3900 Ω at 0 °C and resistance 1250 Ω at 30 °C. The thermistor is
connected into the circuit of Fig. 8.1 in order to monitor temperature changes.

thermistor
1.50 V

R V

Fig. 8.1

The battery of e.m.f. 1.50 V has negligible internal resistance and the voltmeter has infinite
resistance.

(a) The voltmeter is to read 1.00 V at 0 °C. Show that the resistance of resistor R is 7800 Ω.

[2]

(b) The temperature of the thermistor is increased to 30 °C. Determine the reading on the
voltmeter.

reading = ................................... V [2]

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 17 For
Examiner’s
Use
(c) The voltmeter in Fig. 8.1 is replaced with one having a resistance of 7800 Ω.
Calculate the reading on this voltmeter for the thermistor at a temperature of 0 °C.

reading = ................................... V [2]

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 4

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

For
Examiner’s
Use

1 A student takes readings to measure the mean diameter of a wire using a micrometer screw
gauge.

(a) Make suggestions, one in each case, that the student may adopt in order to

(i) reduce a systematic error in the readings,

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) allow for a wire of varying diameter along its length,

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

(iii) allow for a non-circular cross-section of the wire.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) The mean diameter of the wire is found to be 0.50 ± 0.02 mm. Calculate the percentage
uncertainty in

(i) the diameter,

uncertainty = …………………………………. %

(ii) the area of cross-section of the wire.

uncertainty = …………………………………. %
[2]

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2 The spectrum of electromagnetic waves is divided into a number of regions such as radio
For
waves, visible light and gamma radiation. Examiner’s
Use
(a) State three distinct features of waves that are common to all regions of the
electromagnetic spectrum.

1. .....................................................................................................................................

2. .....................................................................................................................................

3. ............................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) A typical wavelength of visible light is 495 nm. Calculate the number of wavelengths of
this light in a wave of length 1.00 m.

number = …………………………. [2]

(c) State a typical wavelength for

(i) X-rays,

wavelength = …………………………. m

(ii) infra-red radiation.

wavelength = …………………………. m
[2]

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 6

3 A girl stands at the top of a cliff and throws a ball vertically upwards with a speed of 12 m s–1, For
as illustrated in Fig. 3.1. Examiner’s
Use

path of
ball

Fig. 3.1

At the time that the girl throws the ball, her hand is a height h above the horizontal ground at
the base of the cliff.
The variation with time t of the speed v of the ball is shown in Fig. 3.2.

20
–1
v/ms

10

0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
t/s

–10

–20

–30

–40

Fig. 3.2

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Speeds in the upward direction are shown as being positive. Speeds in the downward
For
direction are negative. Examiner’s
Use
(a) State the feature of Fig. 3.2 that shows that the acceleration is constant.

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Use Fig. 3.2 to determine the time at which the ball

(i) reaches maximum height,

time = ………………………………. s

(ii) hits the ground at the base of the cliff.

time = ………………………………. s
[2]

(c) Determine the maximum height above the base of the cliff to which the ball rises.

height = …………………………… m [3]

(d) The ball has mass 250 g. Calculate the magnitude of the change in momentum of the
ball between the time that it leaves the girl’s hand to time t = 4.0 s.

change = …………………………… N s [3]

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 8

(e) (i) State the principle of conservation of momentum.

For
Examiner’s
................................................................................................................................... Use

...................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) Comment on your answer to (d) by reference to this principle.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [3]

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 9

4 A string is stretched between two fixed points. It is plucked at its centre and the string
For
vibrates, forming a stationary wave as illustrated in Fig. 4.1. Examiner’s
Use

75 cm

Fig. 4.1

The length of the string is 75 cm.

(a) State the wavelength of the wave.

wavelength = …………………………. m [1]

(b) The frequency of vibration of the string is 360 Hz. Calculate the speed of the wave on
the string.

speed = …………………………… m s–1 [2]

(c) By reference to the formation of the stationary wave on the string, explain what is meant
by the speed calculated in (b).

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [3]

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 10

5 (a) A metal wire has an unstretched length L and area of cross-section A. When the wire
For
supports a load F, the wire extends by an amount ∆L. The wire obeys Hooke’s law. Examiner’s
Use
Write down expressions, in terms of L, A, F and ∆L, for

(i) the applied stress,

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) the tensile strain in the wire,

...................................................................................................................................

(iii) the Young modulus of the material of the wire.

...................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) A steel wire of uniform cross-sectional area 7.9 × 10–7 m2 is heated to a temperature of
650 K. It is then clamped between two rigid supports, as shown in Fig. 5.1.

0.62 m

rigid
support

wire

Fig. 5.1

The wire is straight but not under tension and the length between the supports is
0.62 m. The wire is then allowed to cool to 300 K.

When the wire is allowed to contract freely, a 1.00 m length of the wire decreases in
length by 0.012 mm for every 1 K decrease in temperature.

(i) Show that the change in length of the wire, if it were allowed to contract as it cools
from 650 K to 300 K, would be 2.6 mm.

[2]

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(ii) The Young modulus of steel is 2.0 × 1011 Pa. Calculate the tension in the wire at For
300 K, assuming that the wire obeys Hooke’s law. Examiner’s
Use

tension = …………………………… N [2]

(iii) The ultimate tensile stress of steel is 250 MPa. Use this information and your
answer in (ii) to suggest whether the wire will, in practice, break as it cools.

...................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [3]

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 12

6 Fig. 6.1 shows the variation with applied potential difference V of the current I in an electrical
For
component C. Examiner’s
Use

4.0

I / mA

3.0

2.0

1.0

0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
V/V

Fig. 6.1

(a) (i) State, with a reason, whether the resistance of component C increases or
decreases with increasing potential difference.

...................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) Determine the resistance of component C at a potential difference of 4.0 V.

resistance = …………………….. Ω [2]

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(b) Component C is connected in parallel with a resistor R of resistance 1500 Ω and a

For
battery of e.m.f. E and negligible internal resistance, as shown in Fig. 6.2. Examiner’s
Use

E C R 1500 Ω

Fig. 6.2

(i) On Fig. 6.1, draw a line to show the variation with potential difference V of the
current I in resistor R. [2]
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, use Fig. 6.1 to determine the current in the battery for an
e.m.f. of 2.0 V.

current = ……………………… A [2]

(c) The resistor R of resistance 1500 Ω and the component C are now connected in series
across a supply of e.m.f. 7.0 V and negligible internal resistance.

Using information from Fig. 6.1, state and explain which component, R or C, will
dissipate thermal energy at a greater rate.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [3]

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 14

7 The α-particle scattering experiment provided evidence for the existence of a nuclear atom.
For
Examiner’s
(a) State what could be deduced from the fact that Use

(i) most α-particles were deviated through angles of less than 10°,

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) a very small proportion of the α-particles was deviated through angles greater
than 90°.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [2]

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 15

(b) Fig. 7.1 shows the path AB of an α-particle as it approaches and passes by a stationary
For
gold nucleus. Examiner’s
Use

D
C

F
E

Fig. 7.1

On Fig. 7.1, draw lines (one in each case) to complete the paths of the α-particles
passing by the gold nucleus when the initial direction of approach is

(i) along line CD,

(ii) along line EF.
[3]

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