Name: ________________________

Separate Chemistry PAPER 1 H

Required Practicals and Tricky Content Class: ________________________

Date: ________________________

Time: 67 minutes

Marks: 63 marks

Comments:

Page 1 of 25
 Soluble salts are formed by reacting metal oxides with acids.
1.
(a) Give one other type of substance that can react with an acid to form a soluble salt.

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(1)

(b) Calcium nitrate contains the ions Ca2+ and NO3−

Give the formula of calcium nitrate.

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(1)

Page 2 of 25
 (c) Describe a method to make pure, dry crystals of magnesium sulfate from a metal oxide and
a dilute acid.

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(6)
(Total 8 marks)

This question is about salts.

2.
(a) Name the salt produced by the neutralisation of hydrochloric acid with potassium
hydroxide.

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(1)

Page 3 of 25
(b) Write an ionic equation for the neutralisation of hydrochloric acid with potassium hydroxide.

_____ + _____ → __________

(1)

(c) Soluble salts can be produced by reacting dilute hydrochloric acid with an insoluble solid.

Copper, copper carbonate and copper oxide are insoluble solids.

Which of these insoluble solids can be used to make a copper salt by reacting the solid
with dilute hydrochloric acid?

✓) one box.
Tick (✓

Copper and copper carbonate only

Copper and copper oxide only

Copper carbonate and copper oxide only

Copper, copper carbonate and copper oxide

(1)

A student makes crystals of magnesium sulfate.

This is the method used.

1. Add sulfuric acid to a beaker.
2. Warm the sulfuric acid.
3. Add a spatula of magnesium oxide to the beaker.
4. Stir the mixture.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until there is magnesium oxide remaining in the beaker.
6. Filter the mixture.
7. Evaporate the filtrate gently until crystals start to form.
8. Leave the solution to finish crystallising.

Page 4 of 25
(d) Give one reason for:
• step 2
• step 5
• step 6.

Step 2 _____________________________________________________________

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Step 5 _____________________________________________________________

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Step 6 _____________________________________________________________

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(3)

(e) How should the filtrate be evaporated gently in step 7?

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(1)

Page 5 of 25
 (f) Iron chloride is produced by heating iron in chlorine gas.

The equation for the reaction is:

2 Fe + 3 Cl2 → 2 FeCl3

Calculate the volume of chlorine needed to react with 14 g of iron.

You should calculate:

• the number of moles of iron used
• the number of moles of chlorine that react with 14 g of iron
• the volume of chlorine needed.

Relative atomic mass (Ar): Fe = 56

The volume of 1 mole of gas = 24 dm3

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Volume of chlorine = _______________dm3

(3)
(Total 10 marks)

This question is about acids and alkalis.

3.
(a) Dilute hydrochloric acid is a strong acid.

Explain why an acid can be described as both strong and dilute.

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(2)

Page 6 of 25
(b) A 1.0 × 10−3 mol/dm3 solution of hydrochloric acid has a pH of 3.0

What is the pH of a 1.0 × 10−5 mol/dm3 solution of hydrochloric acid?

pH = ___________________
(1)

A student titrated 25.0 cm3 portions of dilute sulfuric acid with a 0.105 mol/dm3 sodium hydroxide
solution.

(c) The table below shows the student’s results.

Titration Titration Titration Titration Titration

1 2 3 4 5

Volume of sodium
hydroxide 23.50 21.10 22.10 22.15 22.15
solution in cm3

The equation for the reaction is:

2 NaOH + H2SO4 ⟶ Na2SO4 + 2 H2O

Calculate the concentration of the sulfuric acid in mol/dm3

Use only the student’s concordant results.

Concordant results are those within 0.10 cm3 of each other.

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Concentration of sulfuric acid = ___________________ mol/dm3

(5)

Page 7 of 25
 (d) Explain why the student should use a pipette to measure the dilute sulfuric acid and a
burette to measure the sodium hydroxide solution.

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(2)

(e) Calculate the mass of sodium hydroxide in 30.0 cm3 of a 0.105 mol/dm3 solution.

Relative formula mass (Mr): NaOH = 40

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Mass of sodium hydroxide = ___________________ g

(2)
(Total 12 marks)

This question is about acids and alkalis.

4.
(a) Which ion do all acids produce in aqueous solution?

✓) one box.
Tick (✓

H+

H−

O2−

OH−

(1)

Page 8 of 25
(b) Calcium hydroxide solution reacts with an acid to form calcium chloride.

Complete the word equation for the reaction.

calcium hydroxide + ___________________ acid → calcium chloride + ___________________

(2)

A student investigates the volume of sodium hydroxide solution that reacts with 25.0 cm3 of dilute
sulfuric acid.

Figure 1 shows the apparatus the student uses.

Figure 1

Use Figure 1 to answer parts (c) and (d).

(c) Name apparatus A.

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(1)

(d) What is the reading on apparatus A?

___________________________cm3
(1)

Page 9 of 25
(e) The higher the concentration of a sample of dilute sulfuric acid, the greater the volume of
sodium hydroxide needed to neutralise the acid.

The student tested two samples of dilute sulfuric acid, P and Q.

Describe how the student could use titrations to find which sample, P or Q, is more
concentrated.

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(6)
(Total 11 marks)

Page 10 of 25
 This question is about electrolysis.
5.
A student investigated the electrolysis of copper chromate solution.

Copper chromate solution is green.

Copper chromate contains:

• blue coloured Cu2+ ions
• yellow coloured CrO42– ions.

The diagram below shows the apparatus used.

The student switched the power supply on.

The student observed the changes at each electrode.

The table below shows the student’s observations.

Changes at positive electrode Changes at negative electrode

Solution turned yellow Solution turned blue

Bubbles formed at the electrode Solid formed on the electrode

(a) Explain why the colour changed at the positive electrode.

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(2)

Page 11 of 25
(b) The gas produced at the positive electrode was oxygen.

The oxygen was produced from hydroxide ions.

Name the substance in the solution that provides the hydroxide ions.

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(1)

(c) Describe how the solid forms at the negative electrode.

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(3)

(d) The student repeated the investigation using potassium iodide solution instead of copper
chromate solution.

Name the product at each electrode when potassium iodide solution is electrolysed.

Negative electrode

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Positive electrode

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(2)
(Total 8 marks)

Page 12 of 25
 A student investigated the electrolysis of different substances.
6.
Figure 1 shows the apparatus.

Figure 1

(a) Explain why electrolysis would not take place in the apparatus shown in Figure 1.

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(2)

(b) Explain why graphite conducts electricity.

Answer in terms of the structure and bonding in graphite.

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(3)

Page 13 of 25
The student investigated how the volume of gases produced changes with time in the electrolysis
of sodium chloride solution.

Figure 2 shows the apparatus.

Figure 2

(c) The student made an error in selecting the apparatus for this investigation.

How should the apparatus be changed?

Give one reason for your answer.

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(2)

Page 14 of 25
Another student used the correct apparatus.

This student measured the volumes of gases collected every minute for 20 minutes.

Figure 3 shows the student’s results.

Figure 3

(d) Describe the trends shown in the results.

Use values from Figure 3.

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(3)

Page 15 of 25
(e) The number of moles of each gas produced at the electrodes is the same.

No gas escapes from the apparatus.

Suggest one reason for the difference in volume of each gas collected.

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(1)

(f) Calculate the amount in moles of chlorine collected after 20 minutes.

Use Figure 3.

The volume of one mole of any gas at room temperature and pressure is 24.0 dm3

Give your answer in standard form.

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Moles of chlorine = ___________________ mol

(3)
(Total 14 marks)

Page 16 of 25
Mark schemes
(a) any one from:
1. • metal
• (metal) hydroxide
allow ammonium hydroxide

• (metal) carbonate
allow ammonium carbonate

• alkali
allow soluble base
allow ammonia
1
allow named example
allow correct formula
ignore base

(b) Ca(NO3)2
allow Ca2+(NO3−)2
1

(c) Level 3: The method would lead to the production of a valid outcome. All key steps
are identified and logically sequenced.
5−6

Level 2: The method would not necessarily lead to a valid outcome. Most steps are
identified, but the method is not fully logically sequenced.
3−4

Level 1: The method would not lead to a valid outcome. Some relevant steps are
identified, but links are not made clear.
1−2

No relevant content
0

Page 17 of 25
 Indicative content

• use magnesium oxide and sulfuric acid

• add sulfuric acid to a beaker
• warm sulfuric acid
• add magnesium oxide
• stir
• continue adding until magnesium oxide is in excess

• filter
• using a filter paper and funnel
• to remove excess magnesium oxide

• heat solution in an evaporating basin

• to crystallisation point
• leave to crystallise
• pat dry with filter paper

credit may be given for diagrams

[8]

(a) potassium chloride

2.
allow KCl
1

(b) H+ + OH− → H2O

ignore state symbols
1

(c) copper carbonate and copper oxide only

1

(d) (Step 2) to speed up the reaction

1

(Step 5) to make sure all the (hydrochloric) acid reacts

1

(Step 6) to remove the excess magnesium oxide

ignore to remove impurities
1

(e) using a (boiling) water bath

or
using an electric heater
1

Page 18 of 25
 (f) (moles Fe = =) 0.25 (mol)
1

(moles Cl2 = 2 × 0.25 =) 0.375 (mol)

allow correct use of an incorrectly calculated number of
moles of Fe
1

(volume Cl2 = 24 × 0.375) = 9.0 (dm3)

allow correct use of an incorrectly calculated number of
moles of Cl2
1
[10]

(a) (strong because) completely ionised (in aqueous solution)

3.
ignore pH
allow dissociated for ionised
do not accept hydrogen is ionising
do not accept H+ are ionised
1

(dilute because) small amount of acid per unit volume

ignore low concentration
1

(b) 5.0
allow 5
1

Page 19 of 25
(c) (titre):
chooses titrations 3, 4, 5
1

average titre = 22.13 (cm3)

allow average titre = 22.13(3…) (cm3)
allow a correctly calculated average from an incorrect
choice of titrations
1

(calculation):
(moles NaOH =

allow use of incorrect average titre from step 2

1
(moles H2SO4 =
½ × 0.002324 =) 0.001162
allow use of incorrect number of moles from step 3
1
(concentration =

= 0.0465 (mol/dm3)
allow use of incorrect number of moles from step 4
1
alternative approach for step 3, step 4 and step 5

(concentration H2SO4 =)

= 0.0465 (mol/dm3) (1)

an answer of 0.046473 or 0.04648 correctly rounded to
at least 2 sig figs scores marking points 3, 4 and 5
an answer of 0.092946 or 0.09296 or 0.185892 or
0.18592 correctly rounded to at least 2 sig figs scores
marking points 3 and 5
an incorrect answer for one step does not prevent
allocation of marks for subsequent steps

(d) pipette measures a fixed volume (accurately)

1

(but) burette measures variable volume

allow can measure drop by drop
1

Page 20 of 25
 (e)

or 0.00315 (mol)

or
(mass per dm3 =) 0.105 × 40
or 4.2 (g)
1

= 0.126 (g)
1
an answer of 0.126 (g) scores 2 marks
an answer of 126(g) scores 1 mark
an incorrect answer for one step does not prevent
allocation of marks for subsequent steps
[12]

(a) H+
4. 1

(b) hydrochloric (acid)

allow HCl
1

water
allow H2O
1

(c) burette
do not accept biuret
1

(d) 27.6 (cm3)

allow 27.60 (cm3)
1

(e) Level 3: The design/plan would lead to the production of a valid outcome. All key
steps are identified and logically sequenced.
5–6

Level 2: The design/plan would not necessarily lead to a valid outcome. Most steps
are identified, but the plan is not fully logically sequenced.
3–4

Level 1: The design/plan would not lead to a valid outcome. Some relevant steps are
identified, but links are not made clear.
1–2

No relevant content
0

Page 21 of 25
 Indicative content
allow converse using acid added to alkali

Key steps
• measure the volume of acid
• add indicator to the acid
• add sodium hydroxide solution
• until the colour changes
• record volume of sodium hydroxide solution added
• repeat procedure with the other acid

Use of results
• compare the two volumes of sodium hydroxide solution to find which sample P
or Q is more concentrated

Other points

• pipette to measure volume of acid

• use a few drops of indicator
• swirl
• use a white tile
• rough titration to find approximate end point
• add dropwise near the endpoint
• read volume from bottom of meniscus
• repeat and take a mean
[11]

(a) CrO42- / chromate ions moved to the positive electrode

5.
allow anode for positive electrode
allow yellow (coloured) ions moved to the positive
electrode
1

(because) opposite charges attract

allow (because) negative ions are attracted to the
positive electrode
1

(b) water
ignore copper chromate solution
1

Page 22 of 25
 (c) copper ions gain two electrons
allow Cu2+ for copper ions
allow 1 mark for copper ions gain electrons
or
allow 1 mark for copper ions are reduced
do not accept copper ions are oxidised
2

(to) form copper (atoms)

allow Cu for copper (atoms)
the equation:
Cu2+ + 2e- → Cu
scores 3 marks
1

(d) (negative electrode) hydrogen

allow H2
1

(positive electrode) iodine

allow I2
1
[8]

(a) solid (zinc chloride) does not conduct (electricity)

6. or
zinc chloride needs to be in solution or molten
allow liquid / aqueous
1

(because) ions cannot move in the solid

or
(as) ions can (only) move in liquid / solution
do not accept references to movement of electrons in
zinc chloride
1

(b) each carbon / atom forms 3 (covalent) bonds

1

one electron per carbon / atom is delocalised

1

(so) these electrons carry charge through the graphite

or
(so) these electrons move through the structure
ignore carry current / electricity
1
if no other mark scored, allow 1 mark for delocalised /
free electrons
allow free electrons for delocalised electrons

Page 23 of 25
(c) use measuring cylinders (instead of test tubes)
allow use burettes
allow use (gas) syringes
allow Hoffmann voltameter
1

(because) test tubes cannot measure volume

or
(because) test tubes have no graduations / scale
allow (so that) volume can be measured
1

(d) any three from:

• the volume of hydrogen collected is directly proportional to the time

allow the (volume of) hydrogen is collected at a constant
/ steady rate

• the rate of collection of hydrogen is 0.45 (cm3/min)

• up to 8 minutes chlorine is collected at an increasing rate

allow any value from 6 to 8 minutes
allow initially chlorine is collected at an increasing rate

• after 8 minutes the rate of collection of chlorine is the same as that of hydrogen
allow any value from 6 to 8 minutes

or
after 8 minutes the rate of collection of chlorine is 0.45 (cm3/min)
allow after 8 minutes the (volume of) chlorine is
collected at a constant / steady rate
if neither bullet point 3 nor bullet point 4 is awarded
allow 1 mark for chlorine is collected slowly up to 8
minutes and then more quickly
allow any value from 6 to 8 minutes
3

(e) chlorine reacts with water

or
chlorine dissolves (in the solution).
1

Page 24 of 25
(f)

or 0.0066 (dm3)
allow 6.5 (cm3) for 6.6 (cm3)
1

allow use of incorrect volume from step 1

1

= 2.75 × 10−4 (mol)

allow 2.8 × 10−4 (mol)
allow answer from incorrect calculation given in
standard form
alternative approach for marking points 1 and 2
24 dm3 = 24 000 cm3 (1)

1
an answer of 2.75 × 10−4 (mol) or 2.8 × 10−4 (mol)
scores 3 marks
an answer of 0.000275 / 0.00028 / 2.75 × 10−1 / 2.8 ×
10−1 (mol) / scores 2 marks
an incorrect answer for one step does not prevent
allocation of marks for subsequent steps
[10]

Page 25 of 25