TECHNICAL REPORT

STUDENTS INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

UNDERTAKEN AT

NIGERIAN INSTITUTE FOR TRYPANOSOMIASIS AND ONCHOCERCIASIS

RESEARCH, KADUNA.

BY

STEPHEN KUBAI MARY

CST/22/ND/1149

DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

APPLIED BIOLOGY
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
KADUNA POLYTECHNIC, KADUNA

FEBRUARY - JUNE 2024

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 DECLARATION
I Stephen Kubai Mary declare that this report is written based on the practical training I

acquired in the course of my four months student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) at

Nigerian institute for trypanosomiasis and onchocerciasis research, kaduna.

_________________________ ____________________
Stephen Kubai Mary DATE
CST/22/ND/1149

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 DEDICATION
This report work is dedicated to Almighty God for his guidance and protection over me and who
made it possible for me to understand, and undertake this report successfully. Also, to my
beloved parents who have being my pillar of support and financial inspiration. May the Almighty
God guide and protect you too, Amen.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Special thanks to Almighty God for His mercy that is sufficient for me throughout my SIWES

programme and how the has been helping me in my academic pursuit.

I am grateful to my able supervisor, I am saying a big thank you for your support in concluded

technical report, I pray that may Almighty God increase your understanding (Amen).

My special gratitude goes to my parent Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Kubai for their enormous support

in every aspect of my Endeavour and to my lovely siblings. I really appreciate your kind gesture

and support towards me.

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 CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that the bearer, STEPHENKUBAI MARY, with registration number

CST22ND1149 as a student of Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Kaduna

Polytechnic, Kaduna and has successfully completed my industrial Training (SIWES) at

Nigerian institute for trypanosomiasis and onchocerciasis research, kaduna.

_______________________ ________________________
Supervisor sign & date

_______________________ _________________________
SIWES coordinator sign & date

________________________ ________________________
Head of Department sign & date

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 ABSTRACT
This technical report entails all the work I carried out within four months during my student’s

industrial work experience scheme (S.I.W.E.S) and is divided into five chapters, the first chapter

is the introduction and the last chapter consists of the recommendation, conclusion and reference.

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 CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The students industrial work experience (SIWES) was established in 1974 under Yakubu
Gowon (RTD regime, SIWES was first of the three main power training of any
developing agencies created by the federal military government during the 2 nd National
Development Plan Period (1970-1974). The Industrial Training Fund (ITF) was
established by Decree No. 47 of 8th October, 1971. The fund subsequently introduced
industrial training which is known as Student Industrial Work Experiences. The
programme has amended to ITF decree No. 38 on 2 nd May 1973. Industrial Training Fund
(ITF) roles include:

 To provide logistic and materials needed to administer the training scheme which involve
compilation of lists of employers, available places for the industrial attachment and
forward such list to the coordinating agencies (i.e. NUC, NBTE, NCCE);

 To organize a bi-annual conference and seminar for SIWES Officers.

The Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is a skill acquisition training
programme which forms part of the approved minimum academic standards in the
various Degree/Diploma/NCE programmes for all Nigerian tertiary institution. It seeks to
bridge the gap existing between theory and practical of engineering technology, science
and other professional educational programmes in the Nigerian tertiary institutions. It is
aimed at exposing students to machines and equipment, professional work methods and
ways of safeguarding the work areas and workers in industries and other organizations.
The scheme is tripartite programme involving the tertiary institution and the industry
(employers of labour) and Industrial Training Fund (ITF).

1.2 SCOPE OF SWIES

The scope of SIWES covers the area of acquisition of practical training as related to ones
course of study and it is design to expose and enlighten student to various industrial
mechanism and also play the role of providing the much needed exposure that enables
students to easily recognize theoretical work done in the classroom with actual Industrial
work practice. It broadens the scope of learning with regard to field of learning.

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1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF SIWES
The aims of the Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme is to expose students to
practical knowledge to what they have learnt including machine equipment, professional
work method ways of safe guarding the work areas and workers in the industrial and
other organizations. The scheme is programme involving the tertiary institution and the
industry (employers and labour) and the industrial training fund (ITF).

The main objectives of SIWES are:

1. To expose students to work methods and techniques in handling equipments and

machinery that may not be available in the institutions.
2. To provide students the opportunity to apply their theoretical knowledge in real work
situation, thereby bridging the gap between class work higher education and actual
practice.
3. To enlist and strengthen employers’ involvement in the entire educational process of
preparing the graduates for employment in industries.
4. Provide an avenue for students in the Nigerian tertiary Institutions to acquire industrial
skills and experience in their course of study.
5. To prepare students for the work situation they are likely to meet after graduation.
6. To make transition from the institution to the world of work easier and thus enhance
student’s contact for later job placement after graduation.

1.4 HISTORY OF NIGERIAN INSTITUTE FOR TRYPANOSOMIASIS AND

ONCHOCERCIASIS RESEARCH, KADUNA.
The West African Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research (WAITR) was established in
1947 by Act No. 36 of 1950 of the British parliament with its headquarters located in
Kaduna as an inter-territorial organization that served the British West African colonies
of Ghana (then Gold Coast), Gambia, Sierra Leone and Nigeria. After gaining
independence in 1960, and backed by the Research Institute Act No. 33 of 1964, the
Federal Government of Nigeria took over WAITR and renamed it the Nigerian Institute
for Trypanosomiasis Research (NITR). In 1975, NITR received the mandate to conduct
research and development in all aspects of onchocerciasis (river blindness). In addition to

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 that of African Trypanosomiasis. Both diseases have remained as obstacles to improve
public health, poverty alleviation and agricultural development.

1.4.1 MANDATE OF NIGERIAN INSTITUTE FOR TRYPANOSOMIASIS

RESEARCH
The institute has a mandate to conduct research and develop appropriate technologies as
well as processes for the control and elimination of trypanosomiasis and onchocerciasis.
The specific areas of the mandate are:
 The pathology, immunology and methods of treatment of the two diseases
(trypanosomiasis and Onochocerciasis).
 The ecology, life cycle of the vectors (tse-tse fly and black fly) and the mode of
transmission of the two diseases.
 Chemical, biological and other methods of vector control. Socio-economic effects of
the diseases on the rural population.

1.4.2 VISION OF NIGERIAN INSTITUTE FOR TRYPANOSOMIASIS RESEARCH,

KADUNA
 To treat the public health and socioeconomic development.
 To bring better and improved tools/technologies to bear on the problems of
trypanosomiasis and Onchocerciasis.
 To suppress or eliminate tsetse and black flies in the affected communities
 To achieve effective control of trypanosomiasis and onchocerciasis in man and
livestock in the country where the vectors no longer pose health and economic
problems through reserve control and monitoring activities.

1.4.3 MISSION OF THE INSTITUTE

The mission of the Institute is to conduct research and develop appropriate technologies
and associate application for elimination of trypanosoiasis and onchocerciasis as to
achieve result.

1.5 DEPARTMENTS IN NITR

The institute has five departments, each headed by a Director, including the
Administration and Finance Department and four science-based department for (i)
Trypanosomiasis research (ii) Onchocerciasis Research (iii) Vector and parasitology

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 studies, and (iv) monitoring and management information services. The Director-
General/Chief Executive Officer.
(i) Legal
(ii) Internal Audit
(iii) Procurement
(iv) Servicom
(v) Consultancy Extension services
(vi) Public Relations and
(vii) Biotechnology Laboratory Research

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1.6 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF NIGERIAN INSTITUTE FOR
TRYPANOSOMIASIS RESEARCH, KADUNA

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 CHAPTER TWO
2.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ON THE WORKPLACE
The Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research was established solely to conduct research
and develop appropriate technologies as well as processes for the control and elimination of
trypanosomiasis and onochocerciasis.

The specific areas were the institute is based with its activities are:
 The ecology, life cycle of the vectors (tse-tse fly and black fly) and the mode of
transmission of the two diseases.
 Chemical, biological and other methods of vector control. Socio-economic effects of
the diseases on the rural population.
 The pathology, immunology and methods of treatment of the two diseases
(trypanosomiasis and Onochocerciasis).
Generally, these are the basic focus of the institute to eradicate and control the spread of
tsetse fly and black fly which causes trypanosomiasis and onchocerciasis.

2.2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

In other to conduct the research of the institute, there are few safety precautions that should
be adhered to. Thisprecuations include:
 Standard established procedure must be followed
 All laboratory equipment(s) must be properly checked at a regular intervals for
effective performances.
 Regents, media, stains and disc must be checked for standard control or stock at an
appropriate temperature.

2.3 RULES AND REGULATIONS OF IN NITR LABORATORY

In order to produce relevant, reliable and accurate laboratory results/data, the following
basic rules must be strictly adhered as follows:
 No eating in the laboratory
 No smoking in the laboratory
 You must wash your hands after attending to a particular patient/sample
 You must always wear lab coat to prevent acid split on the skin
 No wearing of caftan/agbada to the laboratory
 In case of laboratory accident, contact the laboratory scientist for remedy
 Wear mouth mask during collection and procession of sputum samples.

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  ND: All samples coming into the pathology laboratory must be considered as
potentially hazardous.

2.4 EQUIPMENTS, MACHINES, TOOLS, DEVICES USED ION NITR

 Binocular microscope: This is used for visualization of microorganism
 Cotton wool: an absorbent material used for wiping skin surface, tiles and slide.
 Glass slide: This is used in preparation of blood film and smears
 Sample Container: They are used for collection of sample based on how they are
wanted for analysis.
 Syringe: piercing apparatus used for bleeding (i.e. blood collection).
 Tiles: They are used for rocking action that gives agglutination result for widal and
blood grouping test.
 Tourniquet: This is used in obtaining a pulse or site for vein puncture for bleeding.
 Bunsen burner: Flame point used for sterilizing inoculated media such as wire loop.
 Capillary tube: used for collection of blood to be use for analyzing a patient (PCV)
 Centrifuge: This is used for spinning blood, and urine sample.
 Applicator stick: it is used to pick little amount of a specimen e.g. stool.
 Beaker and conical flask: These are glass wares used in preparation of solution and
measuring of solutions.
 Wire loop: This is an apparatus used for inoculation into media for culture.

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 Week 1- 4/3/2024 – 9/03/2024
3.1 ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT DURING SIWES TRAINING
INTRODUCTION TO BLACKFLY RESEARCH
THEIR SCIENTIFIC NAME TO THE CLASS

Black fly, (family Simuliidae), also called buffalo gnat, or is any member of a flies in the order
Diptera. Black flies are usually black or dark gray, with gauzy wings, stout antennae and legs, and
rather short mouthparts that are adapted for sucking blood. Only females bite and are sometimes
so abundant that they may kill chickens, birds, and other domestic animals. Some species carry
parasites capable of causing onchocerciasis, which may result in blindness or in nodules beneath
the skin.

The Nigerian species and the vector they transmit

FEEDING HABIT

THEIR STAGES OF REPRODUCTION

THE LIFE PHASES OF BLACK FLIES

 AERIAL PHASE
 AAMATIC PHASE

3.2 THE STRUCTURE OF THE ADULT BLACKFLY

ADULT

Black flies are small (usually 1.2 to 3 mm), dark flies with short legs. Because of their distinct
humpbacked shape, they are sometimes called buffalo gnats. The wings are broad and the
antennae are about as long as the head. Male black flies have larger eyes than females. Some
species have white markings.

EGG

Black fly eggs are 0.18 to 0.46 mm long and somewhat irregular in shape although they are oval in
some aspects. Pale white at first, the eggs darken as the embryo matures.

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LARVA

Black fly larvae are slender, 5 to 15 mm long, whitish brown to blackish and with a distinct head
and anterior proleg . The head has slender antennae and two brushlike structures called cephalic
fans.

PUPA

Black fly pupae are 2 to 3 mm long with a respiratory organ on the thorax which protrudes from
the open end of the cocoon. If removed from the cocoon, the wing pads, legs and other features of
the adult fly can be seen, although these structures are closely apprised

Differences between the male and female blackflies

Areas where they can be found
Habitat of blackflies in highly concentrated fast flowing rivers
Distribution of blackflies in rural and riverine areas have given rise to the condition called
river blindness
Week 2- 11/3/2024 – 15/03/2024
Malaria Parasite

Malaria is one of the most serious and complex health problems facing in Africa. The
parasiteresponsible for this is called plasmodium which is transmitted by an infected female
anopheles mosquito. There are four species of plasmodium that cause human malaria:

i. Plasmodium falciparum
ii. Plasmodium vivax
iii. Plasmodium malariae
iv. Plasmodium ovale.
Laboratory Diagnosis

The diagnosis is made by detection of parasites in blood.

Aim: To detect the presence or absence of malaria parasite in the blood

Material and Specimen: Serum/blood, unopened test packet, spirited swab, unopened lancet,

New pair of disposal hand gloves, buffer and capillary tube.

Procedure

i. The expire date or the test pocket was properly checked

ii. Hand gloves was worn
iii. The packet was opened and the strip was removed.

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 iv. The forth finger on the patient left hand was grasp, and was clean with a spirited swab
while the finger was allowed to dry before pricking.
v. The lancet was open and the patient hand was pricked to get a drop of blood.
vi. The lancet was discarded in a sharp box immediately after the finger was pricked.
vii. The capillary tube was used to collect the drop of blood and was use to put the drop of
blood into the square hole marked “S”
viii. Two drops of buffer solution was added to the round hole marked “A”
ix. The result was interpreted after 5minutes of adding the buffer
Result

i. Positive ResultA line at letter “C” and a line at Letter “T” mean the patient is
positive. P. falciparum ++.The test is positive even if the line at “T” is faint.
ii. Negative ResultA line at letter “C” and no line at letter “T” mean the patient
does not have malaria. P. Faciparum +
iii. Invalid ResultNo line at letter “C” and one or no line at letter “T” means the
test is invalid.
Week 3- 18/3/2024 – 22/03/2024
PCV: Is the percentage of whole blood express as a ratio when blood is being centrifuge at a
period of time.

Materials needed:

 Bunsen burner

 Cotton wool

 Macro hemato crit reader

 Macro hemato crit centrifuge machine

Procedures:

 2ml of blood sample was collected from the patient

 Gently put the capillary tube into the blood sample in the EDTA container and was filled
to three quarter of the capillary tube

Result:

Normal range of PCV in Females Males and infants

1. Females 38 to 43

2. Males 40 to 48

3. Infants 45 to 55

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Precaution:

 Avoid clothing of the blood

 Avoid hemolysis

EDTA is the choice of blood anti-coagulant.

Week 4- 25/3/2024 – 29/03/2024

WIDAL TEST (TYPHOID TEST)

AIM: to determine the reaction between antigen and antibody (agglutination)

APPARATUS:

 applicator stick
 pipette
 white tile
 cotton wool

SAMPLE: plasma

REAGENT: Antigen H – which is the red(flagella)

Antigen o –which is the blue(somatic)

PROCEDURE:

 Firstly bring your white tile then bring your antigens aside
 We are going to use two reagents which is antigen and antibody.
 Clean your tile with cotton wool and put the red antigen into four places, then come
down to the next line and put four drop of antigen o which is blue.
 We should drop our antibodies on the top of the antigens with pipette.
 Then we mix them slowly with our applicator sticks and after you mix everyone you
should be cleaning the application sticks with cotton wool then lock for about 5min. it
will start reaching the reacting is that we can see the reagent.

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 Salmonella typhi Salmonella
H typhi O

40 40

80 80

160 160

320 320

Agglutination

Result is written thus:

1 1 1 1 1 1
Saltyphi H O Saltyphi A Saltyphi B
320 180 120 80 320 120

1 1
SaltyphiC
160 320

Week 5- 1/04/2024 – 5/04/2024

SENSITIVITY TEST

AIM: to grants microorganisms and identify the medication

APPARATUS

 Petridish
 Wireloop
 Bunsin burner
 Forcep disk

SAMPLE: Urine

MEDIA: nutrient agar media

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EQUIPMENT: incubator

PROCEDURE

 Light a Bunsen burner, take a small portion of the urine sample with wireloop and sterilize
and stir on the nutrient agar media. The one that is inside a glass petridish then put inside
incubator under 37°C for 24hours if not incubate it to another 24hrs.
 you can see a growth of bacteria was appearingon the top of the media then you did your
sensitivity.

SENSITIVITY

Use forcep to pick a disk then place it on the top of your disk then leave it for 1hr. before
incubation diffusion takes place. Before incubate it is called Pre-diffusion. Put it inside
incubator for 24hrs.

Forcep Bunsen Burner

Week 6- 8/04/2024 – 12/04/2024

PACKED CELL VOLUME: Is the percentage of whole blood express as a ratio when blood is
being centrifuge at a period of time.

Materials needed:

 Bunsen burner

 Cotton wool

 Macro hemato crit reader

 Macro hemato crit centrifuge machine

Procedures:

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  2ml of blood sample was collected from the patient

 Gently put the capillary tube into the blood sample in the EDTA container and was filled
to three quarter of the capillary tube

Result:

Normal range of PCV in Females Males and infants

4. Females 38 to 43

5. Males 40 to 48

6. Infants 45 to 55

Precaution:

 Avoid clothing of the blood

 Avoid hemolysis

EDTA is the choice of blood anti-coagulant.

Week 7- 15/04/2024 – 19/04/2024

LABORATORY
THE MICROSCOPE
The Microscope is a laboratory instrument used to examine objects that are small to be seen with
the naked eyes. In otherwords, a microscope is a laboratory instrument used to examine objects
that are too small to be seen by the naked eye. Microscopy is the science of investigating small
objects and structures using a microscope. Microscopic means being invisible to the eye unless
aided by a microscope
TYPES OF MICROSCOPE
There are four most popular types of microscope
a) Compound microscope
b) Digital microscope
c) Stereomicroscope
d) Pocket or hand held microscope.

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 Diagram of a labeled microscope
PARTS AND FUNCTION OF PARTS OF THE MICROSCOPE
1. Eyepiece or Ocular Lens: Eyepiece lens magnifies the image of the specimen. This
part is also known as ocular. Most school microscopes have an eyepiece with 10X
magnification.
2. Eyepiece Tube or Body Tube: The tube hold the eyepiece.
3. Nosepiece: Nosepiece holds the objective lenses and is sometimes called a revolving
turret.
4. Objective Lenses: Most compound microscopes come with three or four objective
lenses that revolve on the nosepiece. The most common objective lenses have power of
4X, 10X and 40X. Combined with the magnification of the eyepiece the resulting
magnification is 40X, 100X and 400X magnification. Total magnification is calculated
by multiplying the power of the eyepiece by the power of the objective lens.
5. Arm: The Arm connects the base to the nosepiece and eyepiece. It is the structural
part that is also used to carry the microscope
6. Base: The base is the main support of the microscope. The bottom, where all the other
parts of the microscope stand.
7. Diaphragm (sometimes called the Iris): The diaphragm controls the amount of light
passing through the slide. It is located below the stage and is usually controlled by a
round dial. How to set the diaphragm is determined by the magnification, transparency

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 of the specimen and the degree of contrast you wish to have in your image. Also called
the condenser diaphragm.
8. Stage: The stage is where the specimen is placed. This place is for observation.
9. Stage Clips: Stage clips are the supports that hold the slides in place on the stage.
10. Illuminator: Most light microscopes use a low voltage bulb which supplies light
through the stage and onto to the specimen. Mirrors are sometimes used instead of a
built-in light. If your microscope has a mirror, it provides light reflected from ambient
light sources like classroom lights or sunlight if outdoors.
11. Coarse focus: Coarse focus moves the stage to provide general focus on the specimen.
When bringing a specimen into focus, the course dial is the first one used.
12. Fine focus: Fine focus moves the stage in smaller increments to provide a clear view
of the specimen. When bringing a specimen into focus, the fine focus dial is the second
one used.
 Magnification
 Field of view
 Laboratory material on the absorption of trypanosomes
 Uses and setting of the microscope
Week 8-9 22/04/2024 – 3/05/2024

Retroviral Screening (Rvs)

This test looks for HIV antibodies and antigens in the blood. An antigen is a part of a virus that
triggers an immune response. If you've been exposed to HIV, antigens will show up in your blood
before HIV antibodies are made.

Materials: Buffer, EDTA capillary tube, gloves and Test Card.

Sample Collection: Serum and whole blood collection by venipuncture. All samples are to be
collected aseptically in such a way to avoid contamination.

Procedure

 Clean the area to be pierced with an alcohol pad.

 Squeeze the end of a fingertip and pierce it using new lancet
 Position the thumb side up.
 Wipe the first drop of blood with cotton wool.
 Hold the finger lower than the elbow and apply gentle, intermittent pressure to thebase of
the punctured finger several times.
 Touch the tip of the EDTA capillary tube to the drop of blood and avoid bubbles.

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  Wipe the finger with dry, clean co times Remove the protective foil cover from the test
card.
 For serum whole blood (finger stick as outlined above) sample, apply all of the sample,
wait until the blood is absorbed into the sample pad and then apply one drop of chase
buffer.
 Serum is also applied the same but chase buffer is not used
 Wait for 15mins and read the result.

Interpretation of Results

 Any visible red bar in the control and patient window of the strip is interpreted as positive
 One visible reed bar in the control window and none in the patient’s window of the strip is
interpreted as negative.
 No visible red bar in both control and patient’s window of the strip is interpreted as invalid
and the test is to be repeated using another strip.
However, other test kit are employed to confirm a positive patient (stat pack and unigold)

Week 10- 29/05/2024 – 3/03/2024

Full blood count test

This test look for abnormalities in a patients blood such as unusually high or low numbers of
blood cells, in FBC, the patient PVC, haemoglobin, white blood cells count, differential count,
neutrophils, hyphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils is counted for and tested for. I was
thought how to perform this test.

Blood sugar test:

This test measures the amount of sugar called glucose in the body. There are two types of blood
glucose test, fasting blood sugar test and random blood sugar test. I was thought how to carry out
this test.

Week 11-12 -6/05/24–17/05/24

Malaria Parasite

Malaria is one of the most serious and complex health problems facing in Africa. The
parasiteresponsible for this is called plasmodium which is transmitted by an infected female
anopheles mosquito. There are four species of plasmodium that cause human malaria:

v. Plasmodium falciparum
vi. Plasmodium vivax
vii. Plasmodium malariae
viii. Plasmodium ovale.

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Aim: To detect the presence or absence of malaria parasite in the blood

Material and Specimen: Serum/blood, unopened test packet, spirited swab, unopened lancet,

New pair of disposal hand gloves, buffer and capillary tube.

Procedure

x. The expire date or the test pocket was properly checked

xi. Hand gloves was worn
xii. The packet was opened and the strip was removed.
xiii. The forth finger on the patient left hand was grasp, and was clean with a spirited swab
while the finger was allowed to dry before pricking.
xiv. The lancet was open and the patient hand was pricked to get a drop of blood.
xv. The lancet was discarded in a sharp box immediately after the finger was pricked.
xvi. The capillary tube was used to collect the drop of blood and was use to put the drop of
blood into the square hole marked “S”
xvii. Two drops of buffer solution was added to the round hole marked “A”
xviii. The result was interpreted after 5minutes of adding the buffer
Result

i. Positive ResultA line at letter “C” and a line at Letter “T” mean the patient is
positive. P. falciparum ++.The test is positive even if the line at “T” is faint.
ii. Negative ResultA line at letter “C” and no line at letter “T” mean the patient
does not have malaria. P. Faciparum +
iii. Invalid ResultNo line at letter “C” and one or no line at letter “T” means the
test is invalid.
WEEK 13 -20/05/24 -24/05/24

URINALYSIS TEST

AIM:

 To detect and manage a wide range of disorder such as urinary infection, kidney disease
and diabetes.

APPARATUS:

 Strips which is combi 9

SAMPLE: urine

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PROCEDURE:

 Pour a little urine sample on the strips which is combi 9 swipe up and down to reduce
excess sample.
 Observe the reaction on combi 9.
 The one that the color has changed its mean is the one that react and then take your
reading.

RESULT

V, T, 7 – P4

It is the test that suggests a type of problem in the blood. It requires further test.

WEEK 14- 27/05/24 -31/05/24

URINE MACROSCOPY TEST

AIM:

 to view some parasite

APPARATUS

 Glass slide
 Dropper
 Cover slide
 Cotton wool

EQUIPMENT: Centrifuge machinery microscopy

SAMPLE: urine

PROCEDURE:

 Collect sample
 Spine sample in centrifuge for 3mins. Then discard supernatht drop deposit on a slide
 Cover with slip, clean sides with cotton wool then place on the stage of microscope, set
lens at X10. The light use coarse adjust to make object clear.
 Observe cells or parasites view shiftstage randomly to view all.

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Parts of the slid and you write your result

CELLS THAT CAN BE SEEN ARE;

 Epithelial 000 1st definite

 Pvs cell has bond attached
 Red blood
 Yeast
 Cast

COTTON WOOL COVER SLIDE SAMPLE CONTAINER

WEEK 15 -3/06/24 -7/06/24

CHEMISTRY TEST

These are blood tests that measure amount of certain chemicals in a sample of blood

AIM: To check the quality of materials by identifying what they are made of.

METHOD

 Sampling
 Field sample pretreatment
 Laboratory treatment
 Laboratory assay

MATERIALS

 Glass slide
 Distilled water
 Microscope

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  Pipette
 Emasion oil
 beaker

WEEK 16 – 10/06/24 – 14/06/24

URINE CULTURE TEST

AIM: to grants microorganisms and identify the medication

APPARATUS

 Petridish
 Wireloop
 Bunsin burner
 Forcep disk

SAMPLE: Urine

MEDIA: nutrient agar media

EQUIPMENT: incubator

PROCEDURE

 Light a Bunsen burner, take a small portion of the urine sample with wireloop and sterilize
and stir on the nutrient agar media. The one that is inside a glass petridish then put inside
incubator under 37°C for 24hours if not incubate it to another 24hrs.
 you can see a growth of bacteria was appearingon the top of the media then you did your
sensitivity.

SENSITIVITY

Use forcep to pick a disk then place it on the top of your disk then leave it for 1hr. before
incubation diffusion takes place. Before incubate it is called Pre-diffusion. Put it inside
incubator for 24hrs.

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 Forcep Bunsen Burner

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 CHAPTER FOUR
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1 SUMMARY

This report complied together is based on the practical and knowledge gained in the four months

of industrial training programme organized by ITF. This particular work based on medical

laboratory test and some of the test carried out include, pregnancy test, blood sugar, urinalysis,

retroviral screening (HIV) Test, Hepatitis test, Malaria Parasite test, blood grouping test, Widal

test and packed cell volume (PCV) etc.

4.2 CONCLUSION

The practical or experimental aspect of my course was dealt with during the SIWES programme.

The programme has exposed me to the interaction of the larger society on how it relates to its

problems (health). I was able to handle and use certain laboratory apparatus which I’m not used to

in school. Indeed a lot have been learnt during the programme.

4.3 RECOMMENDATION

It is recommended that this program is to be encouraged and highly motivated to any practical

student. Also the government should make sure that the welfare of the student is catered for by the

industry and the government itself.

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 REFERENCES

Mal. YahayaShu’aibu (2022): Industrial-Based Supervisor. Nigerian Institute of

TrypanosomiasisResearch Laboratory, Kaduna.

ITF, (2016): Students Industrial Training work Experience scheme in Nigeria. A brochure
of ITD of Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna.

Peter D. O. Davies (2002). Clinical Investigations, third edition Oxford University press
pp307-431

Research Brochure (2014): History and Organogram of Nigerian Institute of

Trypanosomiais Research, Kaduna.An unpublished publication of the Institute.

WHO, (2012): Guideline on standard operating procedures for HAEMATOLOGY &

medical laboratories:

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