SRM VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(An Autonomous Institution)

SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203

DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

V SEMESTER

1905504–CONTROL SYSTEMS

(Common to Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

Regulation – 2019

Academic Year 2023 – 2024 (Odd)

Prepared by

Dr. S. Visalakshi, Prof. & Head-EIE and Vice Principal

Ms. R. V. Preetha, Asst. Professor (Sr. G) - EEE

 SRM VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(An Autonomous Institution)
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK
SUBJECT : 1905504 CONTROL SYSTEMS
SEM / YEAR : V/ III

UNIT I - SYSTEMS AND REPRESENTATION

Basic elements in control systems: – Open and closed loop systems – Electrical analogy of
mechanical and thermal systems – Transfer function, Synchros, – AC and DC servomotors –
Block diagram reduction techniques – Signal flow graphs.
PART –A
BT Course
Q.No Questions Competence Outcome
Level
1. List the basic elements in control systems. BTL 1 Remember CO1
2. What is the role of error detector in control system? BTL 1 Remember CO1
3. State the principle of superposition and homogenity. BTL 2 Understand CO1
4. Classify open loop and closed loop system. BTL 4 Analyze CO1
5. Infer the reason for preferring negative feedback control BTL 2 Understand CO1
system.
6. Classify the major types of control systems based on BTL 2 Understand CO1
feedback.
7. The open loop gain of a system increases by 25%. Identify BTL 3 Apply CO1
the change in the closed loop gain assuming unity feedback.
8. Determine the open loop DC gain of a unity feedback control BTL 5 Evaluate CO1
2
system having closed loop transfer function as (s+4)/(s +7s+13).
9. Formulate the force balance equation for ideal dash pot and BTL 6 Create CO1
ideal spring element.
10. For the mechanical system shown in fig construct the BTL 3 Apply CO1
corresponding Force- Voltage analogy circuit.
11. State the term thermal capacitance and thermal resistance. BTL 5 Evaluate CO1
12. Justify the electrically analogous to temperature in thermal BTL 5 Evaluate CO1
flow system.
13. List the parameters of the translational and rotational BTL 1 Remember CO1
mechanical system.
14. Define transfer function. BTL 1 Remember CO1
15. Analyse the need of electrical zero position in synchro BTL 4 Analyze CO1
transmitter.
16. Outline the applications of synchros. BTL 2 Understand CO1
17. Compare AC Servomotor and DC Servomotor. BTL 2 Understand CO1
18. Discuss how AC servomotor is controlled. BTL 6 Create CO1
19. What is block diagram? State its components. BTL 1 Remember CO1
20. What are the disadvantages of block diagram BTL 1 Remember CO1
representation?
21. Examine how the summing point and take off point are BTL 4 Analyze CO1
interchanged.
22. Develop Masons gain formula to find the system transfer BTL 3 Apply CO1
function.
23. Compare Signal Flow Graph approach with block diagram BTL 4 Analyze CO1
reduction technique of determining transfer function.
24. Identify the following terminology (i) Path (ii) Forward Path BTL 3 Apply CO1
(iii) Loop (iv) Non-touching Loop
PART – B

1. (i) For the block diagram shown in figure. determine the

overall transfer function. (6)

BTL 2 Understand CO1

(ii) Develop the transfer function of field Controlled DC

servomotor and define transfer function. (7) BTL 2 Understand CO1
2. For the block diagram shown in figure,
(i) Simplify using Block Diagram Reduction Method. (6) BTL 4 Analyze CO1
(ii) Interpret Signal flow graph method and verify the
transfer function obtained using block diagram reduction
method. (7)

3. Apply block diagram reduction rules and obtain the transfer

function of the following system. (13) BTL 3 Apply CO1

4. (i) Draw the force-voltage analogy and force current

analogy for the mechanical system shown in figure. (7)
BTL 1 Remember
CO1

(ii) Explain armature-controlled DC servomotor with

relevant block diagram. (6)
5. (i) Solve the transfer function using Mason’s Gain formula
for the system whose signal flow graph is shown in BTL3 Apply CO1
figure. (7)
 (ii) Explain open loop and closed loop systems with
suitable examples. (6) BTL 1 Remember CO1
6. Using Mason’s gain formula, find the overall gain C(s)/R(s)
for the signal flow graph shown in figure. (13)

CO1
BTL 1 Remember

7. Analyze the given signal flow graph and obtain the transfer
function C(s)/R(s). (13)

BTL 4 Analyze
CO1

8. Evaluate the transfer function of mechanical systems shown

in the following figure. (13)

BTL 5 Evaluate CO1

9. Develop the transfer function for the block diagram shown
in fig. using
(i) Block diagram reduction technique. (6)
(ii) Mason’s Gain Formula. (7)

BTL 6 Create
CO1

10. (i) What the properties of signal flow graph? (5) BTL 1 Remember CO1
(ii) List out of the rules followed in block diagram
reduction technique. (8) BTL 1 Remember CO1
11. Explain the procedure of deriving the transfer function C(s)
/ R(s) for the block diagram shown in figure using block
diagram reduction technique. (13)

BTL 2 Understand CO1

12. Write the differential equations governing the mechanical

system shown in figure. Also draw the force voltage and
force current analogous circuit and verify by writing mesh
and node equations. (13)

BTL 2 Understand CO1

13. Solve and find the overall gain of the system whose signal
flow graph is shown in fig. (13)

BTL 3 Apply
CO1

14. (i) Illustrate the transfer function of AC servo motor. (7) CO1
BTL 2 Understand

(ii) With neat diagram, summarize the working principle of

field-controlled DC servo motor. (6) BTL 2 Understand CO1

15. (i) Analyze the Transfer Function of thermal system

consists of a thermometer inserted in a liquid bath. (6) BTL 4 Analyze CO1
(ii) Compare DC motor and DC Servomotor and list out the
applications of DC servomotor. (7) BTL 4 Analyze CO1

16. (i) List out the assumptions made in ideal thermal system. CO1
BTL 1 Remember
(3)
(ii) What are the basic elements of thermal system? (3) CO1
BTL 1 Remember

(iii) What is analogous system? Compare mechanical and CO1

electrical analogous system. (7) BTL 1 Remember
17. Explain the construction and operating principle of synchro CO1
BTL 5 Evaluate
transmitter with neat diagrams. (13)
PART – C
1. Formulate the differential equations governing the
mechanical translational system shown in fig. Draw the BTL 6 Create CO1
electrical equivalent analogy circuit. (15)
2. For the system represented by block diagram shown in fig.,
Obtain the closed loop transfer function C(s) / R(s), when
the input R(s) is applied in station I. (15)

BTL 5 Evaluate CO1

3. Evaluate transfer function y2(s) / f(s). (15)

BTL 5 Evaluate
CO1

4. Solve the given mechanical rotational system and write the

differential equations governing the as shown in fig. Draw
the both electrical analogous circuits. (15)

BTL 6 Create
CO1
 5. i) Compare AC servomotor and DC servomotor. (7) BTL 5 Evaluate CO1

ii)Compare the armature and field-controlled operation DC

servomotor. (8) BTL 5 Evaluate
CO1

UNIT II - TIME RESPONSE

Time response: – Time domain specifications – Types of test input – I and II order system response –
Error coefficients – Generalized error series – Steady state error – Root locus construction- Effects of
P, PI, PID modes of feedback control –Time response analysis.
PART – A
BT Course
Q.No Questions Competence Outcome
Level
1. Define maximum peak overshoot. BTL 1 Remember CO2
2. Assess the standard test signals employed for time domain CO2
BTL 5 Evaluate
studies.
3. What is the type and order of the following system? CO2
C (S ) 10 BTL 1 Remember
 3 2
R( S ) s ( s  2 s  1)

4. With a neat sketch, draw the time response of second order CO2
BTL 3 Apply
system, with all time response specifications.
5. Infer the relation between static and dynamic error CO2
BTL2 Understand
coefficients.
6. C (S ) 16
For a system by  2 . Find the nature of
R( S ) s  8s  16 BTL 4 Analyze CO2
the time response and justify.
7. How centroid of the asymptotes found in root locus CO2
BTL 4 Analyze
technique?
8. The impulse response of a system is c(t) = -te-t + 2 e-t (t>0). Find CO2
BTL 6 Create
its open loop transfer function.
9. Classify type and order of the system. BTL 2 Understand CO2
10. List the standard test signals used in control system. BTL 1 Remember CO2
11. Mention the effects of Proportional Integral (PI) controller. BTL 5 Evaluate CO2
12. Compare between the steady state and transient response of CO2
BTL 2 Understand
the system.
13. State steady state error. BTL 5 Evaluate CO2
14. How is a system classified depending on the value of CO2
BTL 4 Analyze
damping?
15. Define settling time. BTL 1 Remember CO2
16. For servo mechanisms with open loop transfer function is CO2

given by . Calculate position error and BTL 3 Apply

steady state error for a unit step input.

17. The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback control

CO2
BTL 2 Understand
system is given by . If gain k is increased
to infinity, then damping ratio.

18. What are the generalized error coefficients? How they are
BTL 1 Remember
determined? CO2
19. The unit impulse response of second order system is
BTL 6 Create CO2
.Find the natural frequency.

20. The system function

CO2
BTL 1 Remember
The system is initially at rest. If the excitation i(t) is a unit step,
which of the following is the final value?
21. How location of poles is related to stability? BTL 3 Apply CO2
22. List the three types of error constants. BTL 2 Understand CO2

23. Identify the mathematical definitions of steady state error CO2

BTL 3 Apply
coefficients Kp,Kv,Ka.
24. List the drawbacks of static coefficients. BTL 4 Analyze CO2

PART – B
1. (i) Evaluate the unit step response of the following system.
C (S ) 10 BTL 5 Evaluate CO2
 2 (7)
R( S ) s  2s  10
(ii) A Unity feedback control system is characterized by
10
open loop transfer function G( s)  . Calculate its BTL 5 Evaluate
s( s  2) CO2
time response for step input of 12 units. (6)
2. Derive the expression for second order system for under CO2
BTL 2 Understand
damped case and when the input is unit step. (13)
3. Derive the expression for the unit step response of following
second order systems. (7 + 6) BTL 2 Understand CO2
(i) Critically damped system
 (ii) Over damped system
4. Derive expressions for the following time domain
specifications of second order under damped system due to
unit step input.
(i) Rise time. (3) BTL 2 Understand CO2
(ii) Peak time. (3)
(iii) Delay time. (3)
(iv) Peak overshoot. (4)
5. The unity feedback system characterized by open loop
K
transfer function G( s)  . Estimate the gain K
s( s  10) BTL 6 Create CO2
such that damping ratio will be 0.5 and find time domain
specifications for a unit step input. (13)
6. 10( s  2)
(i) For a unity feedback control system G ( s )  .
s 2 ( s  1) CO2
BTL 4 Analyze
Analyze the position, velocity and acceleration error
constant. (7)
(ii) Explain the graphical and mathematical representation of
following test signals (a) step input (b) Ramp Input (c)
BTL 4 Analyze
Parabolic input (d) Impulse input. Also point out the CO2
relationship between these test signals if any. (6)
7. A positional control system with velocity feedback is
shown. Find the response of the system for unit step input.
(13)

BTL 1 Remember CO2

8. Construct the root locus for the system having

k ( s  3) BTL 3 Apply CO2
G( s)  . (13)
s( s  1)(s  2)(s  4)
9. The open loop transfer function

BTL 3 Apply
has unity feedback. Find the time domain CO2

specifications. (13)
10. (i) Sketch the root locus for a unity feedback control
system has an open-loop transfer function
BTL 1 Remember
K ( s  9) CO2
G(s)  . (8)
s ( s 2  4 s  11)
(ii) List the rules to construct root locus of a system. (5) BTL 1 Remember CO2

11. Sketch the root locus of the system whose open loop
K
Transfer Function is given by G( s)  . Find
s( s  2)(s  4) BTL 1 Remember CO2
the value of K so that damping ratio of the system is 0.5.
(13)
12. (i) Explain briefly the PI controller action with block
diagram and obtain its transfer function model. List out BTL 4 Analyze CO2
its advantages and disadvantages. (7)
(ii) Examine the effect of adding PD and PID in feedback
control systems. (6) BTL 4 Analyze CO2
13. Calculate the static error coefficients for a system whose
10
transfer function is G( s) H ( s)  . And also
s(1  s)(1  2s) BTL 3 Apply CO2
t2
Calculate the steady state error for r (t )  1  t  . (13)
2
14. (i) Evaluate the dynamic error coefficients of the following
10 BTL 5 Evaluate CO2
system G ( s )  . (8)
s (1  s)
(ii) Explain about dynamic error coefficients. (5) BTL 5 Evaluate CO2
15 (i) A unity feedback system has the forward transfer function
.
when the input r(t)=1+6t, determine
BTL 1 Remember CO2
the minimum value of K1 so that the steady state error is less
than 0.1 (7)
(ii) Derive the transfer function of P, PI, PID Controller. (6)
16 Demonstrate the Root locus analysis of the following system.
.
CO2
. (13) BTL 2 Understand

17 What is the response c(t) to the unit step input. Assume that
.
ς =0.5.and also calculate rise time, peak time, Maximum BTL 4 Analyze CO2
overshoot and settling time. (13)
 PART – C
1. (i) For servomechanisms, with open loop transfer function
given below explain what type of input signal give rise
to a steady state error and calculate their values.

20( s  2)
G( s)  . (4)
s( s  1)(s  3)
BTL 5 Evaluate CO2
1
G(s)  . (4)
( s  2)(s  3)

(ii) Measurements conducted on a Servomechanism show

the system response to be
when subjected to a CO2
BTL 5 Evaluate
unit step. Give the expression for closed loop transfer
function. (7)
2. A unity feedback control system has the open loop transfer
CO2
function . Draw the root locus. (15) BTL 5 Evaluate

3. The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system

is given by where K and T are positive

constant. By what factor the amplifier gain K be reduced, so

BTL 6 Create CO2
that the peak overshoot of unit step response of the system
is reduced from 75% to 25%. (15)

4. Sketch the root locus of the system whose forward transfer

K ( s  1)
function is G ( s )  . (15)
s ( s  5s  20)
2
BTL 6 Create CO2
5. (i) The overall transfer function of a control system is given

by .It is desired that the damping BTL 5 Evaluate CO2

ratio is 0.8. Determine the derivative rate feedback constant
Ki and compare rise time, peak time, maximum overshoot
 and steady state error for unit ramp input function without
and with derivative feedback control. (9)
(ii) Compare P,I and D Controller. (6)
UNIT III - FREQUENCY RESPONSE
Frequency response: – Bode plot – Polar plot, Nichols Chart– Determination of closed loop response
from open loop response - Correlation between frequency domain and time domain specifications
PART – A
BT Course
Q.No. Questions Competence Outcome
Level
1. A second order system has peak over shoot = 50% and period of CO3
BTL 1 Remember
oscillations 0.2 seconds. Find the resonant frequency.
2. What does, a gain margin close to unity or phase margin close CO3
BTL 4 Analyze
to zero indicate?
3. What are the effects and limitations of phase-lag control? BTL 4 Analyze CO3
4. 1 CO3
Draw the polar plot of G ( s)  . BTL 3 Apply
1  sT
5. Define phase margin and gain margin. BTL 1 Remember CO3
10 CO3
6. Analyze the corner frequency of G( s)  . BTL 4 Analyze
s(1  0.5s)
From the magnitude plot, find transfer function and steady
state error corresponding to step input.

CO3
7. BTL 2 Understand

8. Draw the approximate polar plot for a Type 0 second order

BTL 3 Apply
system. CO3
9. Define the terms: resonant peak and resonant frequency. BTL 1 Remember CO3
10. What is meant by cut-off frequency? BTL 1 Remember CO3
11. Summarize frequency domain specifications. BTL 2 Understand CO3
12. What are the advantages of frequency domain analysis? BTL 1 Remember CO3
13. Discuss the correlation between phase margin and Damping
BTL 2 Understand
factor. CO3
14. K CO3
Draw the bode plot of G ( s)  n
. BTL 3 Apply
s
15. 1 CO3
Estimate the bode plot of G ( s )  . BTL 6 Create
1  sT
16. Define gain crossover frequency and phase cross over CO3
BTL 1 Remember
frequency.
17. If the Bode plot crosses 180 degree line, either at very low
frequencies or very high frequencies in the selected frequency
BTL 2 Understand
range, what is the inference regarding the relationship CO3
between open loop gain and stability?
18. How will you get closed loop frequency response from open
BTL 2 Understand
loop response? CO3
19. The damping ratio and natural frequency of oscillations of a
second order system is 0.3 and 3 rad/sec respectively. BTL 5 Evaluate CO3
Calculate resonant frequency and resonant peak.
20. Show the shape of polar plot for the transfer function
BTL 3 Apply CO3

21. Obtain the Phase angle expression of the given transfer

10 BTL 5 Evaluate CO3
function GH ( s)  .
s(1  0.4s)(1  0.01s)
22. Differentiate non-minimum phase and minimum phase
BTL 4 Analyze
systems. CO3
23. List the uses of Nichol’s Chart. BTL 5 Evaluate CO3

24. What is the purpose of polar plot? BTL 6 Create CO3

PART – B
1. Describe the use of Nichol’s chart to obtain closed loop
frequency response from open loop frequency response of a
unity feedback system. Explain how the gain adjustment is BTL 4 Analyze CO3
carried out on this chart. (13)
2. Construct bode plot for the system whose open loop transfer
function is given below and evaluate (i) Gain margin (ii) CO3
Phase margin and (iii) closed loop stability. (13) BTL 5 Evaluate
100
G( s)  .
s( s  1)(s  2)
3. Plot the bode diagram for the given transfer function and BTL 2 Understand CO3
 estimate the gain and phase cross over frequencies. (13)
10
GH ( s)  .
s(1  0.4s)(1  0.1s)
4. Draw the polar plot of the unity feedback system whose open
1
loop transfer function is given by G( s)  . BTL 3 Apply
s(1  s)(1  2s) CO3
Determine the phase and gain margin. (13)
5. Draw the bode plot of the following system and estimate gain
10 BTL 2 Understand CO3
cross over frequency. GH ( s)  .
s(0.1s  1)(0.01s  1) (13)
6. Using polar plot, calculate gain cross over frequency phase
cross over frequency, gain margin and phase margin of
feedback system with open loop transfer function. (13) BTL 3 Apply CO3
10
GH ( s)  .
s(1  0.2s)(1  0.002s)
7. (i) Describe about the frequency domain specifications of a CO3
BTL 1 Remember
typical system. (5)
(ii) Describe the correlation between time and frequency CO3
BTL 1 Remember
domain specifications. (8)
8. Ke 0.2 s
Given G( s)  . Draw the Bode plot and
s( s  2)(s  8)
Calculate K for the following two cases: (i) Gain margin BTL 3 Apply CO3
equal to 6db and (ii) Phase margin equal to 45°. (13)

9. Sketch the Bode Magnitude plot for the transfer function

Ks 2
G( s)  . Hence find ‘K’ such that gain
s(1  0.2s)(1  0.02s) BTL 4 Analyze CO3
cross over frequency is 5 rad/sec. (13)
10. Describe in detail the procedure about Nichol’s chart. (13) CO3
BTL 1 Remember

11. (i) What is the effect on polar plot when pole is added at
origin to the transfer function? Explain. Draw the polar BTL 1 Remember CO3
plot of a first order system. (5)
(ii) For the following system, sketch the polar plot.
500 BTL 1 Remember CO3
G( s)  . (8)
s( s  6)(s  9)
12. (i) Derive the expression for radius and centre of constant M
BTL 5 Evaluate
and N circles. (7) CO3
(ii) Obtain the relation for resonance peak magnitudes
( and resonant frequency ( in terms of damping CO3
BTL 5 Evaluate
factor ( . (6)

13. Draw the Bode plot showing the magnitude in decibels and
phase angle in degrees as a function of log frequency for the
75(1  0.2s ) BTL 2 Understand CO3
transfer function. G ( s )  . From the Bode
s ( s 2  16s  100)
plot, estimate the gain cross-over frequency. (13)
14. Construct the polar plot and determine the gain margin and
phase margin of a unity feedback control system whose open
(1  0.2 s )(1  0.025s ) BTL 6 Create CO3
loop transfer function is, G ( s )  .
s (1  0.005s )(1  0.001s )
3

(13)
15. Sketch the bode plot for the following transfer function and
determine the system gain K for the gain cross over frequency
to be 5 rad/sec. (13) CO3
BTL 1 Remember
Ks 2
G( s)  .
1  0.2s 1  0.02s 
16. Using Nichols chart, determine the closed loop response and
estimate Mr, ωr and ωb for a unity feedback system has open
20 BTL 4 Analyze
loop transfer function G( s)  . CO3
ss  2s  5 (13)
17. With Mathematical expression define the following
Frequency Domain specifications (i) Gain Margin (ii) Phase
Margin (iii) Gain Cross over Frequency (iv) Phase Cross over
BTL 2 Understand CO3
Frequency (v) Resonant Peak (vi) Resonant Frequency (vii)
Bandwidth. (13)
PART – C
1. Formulate the transfer function of the system whose CO3
BTL 6 Create
experimental frequency response data is given below. (Error
between actual plot and asymptotic plot at corner frequency
10 is -6db). (15)
 2. Sketch the polar plot for the following transfer function and
evaluate Gain cross over frequency, Phase cross over
frequency, Gain margin and Phase margin for CO3
BTL 5 Evaluate
400
G( s)  .
s( s  2)(s  10) (15)
3. The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is
1
given by G( s)  . Sketch the polar plot and
s (1  s)(1  2s)
2
BTL 5 Evaluate CO3
determine the gain margin and phase margin. (15)
4. Sketch the Bode plot and hence evaluate Gain cross over
frequency, Phase cross over frequency, Gain margin and
Phase margin for the function CO3
BTL 5 Evaluate
10( s  3)
G ( s)  . (15)
s ( s  2)(s 2  4s  100)
5. Using Nichols chart plot the closed loop frequency response
of a system having open loop transfer function as
10 CO3
G( s)  . BTL 6 Create
s(0.1s  1)(0.05s  1) (15)
UNIT IV - STABILITY AND COMPENSATOR DESIGN
Characteristics equation – Routh Hurwitz criterion – Nyquist stability criterion- Lag ,lead, lag-lead
network, Performance criteria – Effect of Lag, lead and lag-lead compensation on frequency response-
Design of Lag, lead and lag- lead compensator using bode plots.
PART – A
BT Course
Q.No Questions Competence Outcome
Level
1. What are the two notations of system stability to be satisfied CO4
BTL 1 Remember
for a linear time-invariant system to be stable?
2. Why are compensators required in feedback control system? CO4
BTL 4 Analyze
What is compensation?
3. Give any two limitations of Routh-stability criterion. BTL 2 Understand CO4
4. How are the roots of the characteristic equation of a system CO4
BTL 1 Remember
related to stability?
5. Examine BIBO stability. BTL 3 Apply CO4
6. Realise the lead compensator using R and C network CO4
BTL 2 Understand
components.
7. State Nyquist stability criterion. BTL 1 Remember CO4
8. What is characteristic equation? BTL 1 Remember CO4
9. The transfer function of a phase lead compensator is given by
(1  3Ts ) CO4
G( s)  . where T>0. What is the maximum phase shift BTL 2 Understand
(1  Ts )
provided by such a compensator?
10. Evaluate the effects of adding a zero to a system? BTL 5 Evaluate CO4
11. What conclusion can be provided when there is a row of all CO4
BTL 2 Understand
zeros in Routh array?
12. Point out the regions of root locations for stable, unstable and CO4
BTL 4 Analyze
limitedly stable systems.
13. Write the necessary and sufficient condition for stability. BTL 6 Create CO4
14. What is the desired performance criteria specified in CO4
BTL 1 Remember
compensator design?
15. For what range of K, the following system shown in Fig is
asymptotically stable?

BTL 3 Apply
CO4

16. ( s  2)
A open loop transfer function is given as G ( s)  .
( s  1)(s  1) BTL 3 Apply CO4
Find the number of encirclements about -1+j0
17. What are the effects of adding open loop poles and zero on BTL 1 Remember CO4
 the nature of the root locus and on system?
18. Point out some properties of Nyquist plot. BTL 4 Analyze CO4
19. Identify the necessity for lag/lag-Lead compensation. BTL 3 Apply CO4
20. Design a circuit for lead compensator along with pole zero CO4
BTL 6 Create
diagram.
21. Explain the Phase Lag compensator and why is it used? BTL 2 Understand CO4

22. Draw the polar plot of Lag Lead compensator. BTL 4 Analyze CO4

23. Compare Lag and Lead compensator. BTL 5 Evaluate CO4

24. Draw the circuit of lead compensator and draw its pole-zero CO4
BTL 5 Evaluate
diagram
PART – B
1. By use of Nyquist stability criterion, discuss whether the
closed loop system having the following open loop transfer
function is stable or not. If not how many closed loop poles
lie in the right half of s-plane? (13) BTL 2 Understand CO4
s2
G( s) H ( s)  .
( s  1)(s  1)

2. The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is

K
given by G ( s) H ( s)  . By
( s  2)(s  4)(s 2  6s  25)
applying the Routh criterion, find the range of values of k for CO4
BTL 3 Apply
which the closed loop system is stable. Calculate the values
of k which will cause sustained oscillations in the closed loop
system. What are the corresponding oscillation frequencies?
(13)
3. (i) Examine the stability of the system whose characteristic
equation is given by s 5 4s 4  8s 3  8s 2  7s  4  0.
Using Routh Hurwitz criterion. (6)
BTL 2 Understand
(ii) Assume any four different pole locations for a system, CO4

sketch the response and comment on stability of each

case. (7)
4. Write the procedure for lag lead compensator using bode plot CO4
BTL 1 Remember
in detail. (13)
5. Sketch the Nyquist plot for the System whose open loop
K
transfer function is G( s)  . Determine the BTL 3 Apply
s( s  2)(s  10) CO4
range of K for which the closed loop system is stable. (13)

6. The open loop transfer function of the uncompensated system

K CO4
is G ( s)  . Design a lead compensator for the system
s( s  1) BTL 5 Evaluate
so that the static velocity error constant Kv is 10/sec, the
phase margin is at least 350. (13)
7. Consider the closed loop system shown in figure point out the
range of K for the system which is stable. (13)

r y BTL 4 Analyze CO4

8. From the first principles explain how you obtain the stability
of a linear system using Nyquist criterion. (13) BTL 4 Analyze CO4

9. Consider the unity feedback system whose open loop transfer

K
function is G ( s)  . Design a suitable
s(0.1s  10)(0.2s  1)
compensator to meet the following specifications. BTL 6 Create CO4
(i) velocity error constant, Kv = 30
(ii) phase margin  M  50.

(iii) Band width 1  12 rad/sec. (13)

10. For each of the characteristics equation of feedback control
system given, determine the range of K for stability. Examine
the value of K so that the system is marginally stable and the
BTL 1 Remember
frequency of sustained oscillations. CO4
(i) s 4  25s 3  15s 2  20s  K  0.
(ii) s 3  3Ks 2  ( K  2)s  4  0. (13)
11. i)Use the routh stability criterion, determine the range of K
for stability of unity feedback system whose open loop BTL 3 Apply CO4
 K
transfer function is G( s)  . (10)
s( s  1)(s  2)
ii)State Routh Stability criterion. (3) BTL 2 Understand CO4

12. i) Sketch the Bode plot of a typical lag-lead compensator and

BTL 2 Understand
express its transfer function. (3) CO4
ii)The open loop transfer function of the uncompensated
5
system is G ( s)  . Design a suitable lag compensator
s( s  2)
for the system so that the static velocity error constant Kv is CO4
0
BTL 2 Understand
20/sec, the phase margin is at least 55 and the gain margin is
at least 12 db. (10)

13. Draw the circuit of lag-lead compensator and derive its CO4
BTL 1 Remember
transfer function. What are its effects? (13)
14. The characteristic equation of a feedback control system is
given by + CO4
BTL 4 Analyze
.Check the stability analysis of the system using Routh’s
array and also find the frequency of oscillation. (13)

15. Explain the effect of Lag, lead and lag-lead compensation on CO4
BTL 5 Evaluate
frequency response in detail. (13)
16. Describe the procedure for a lag compensator. (13) BTL 1 Remember CO4
17. i)Discuss the limitations and effects of phase lead
compensator. (7)
BTL 6 Create
ii)Discuss the condition in which phase lead network cannot CO4
be used successfully. (6)
PART – C
1. Sketch the Nyquist plot for a system and find the stability,
whose open loop transfer function is given by
BTL 5 Evaluate
10 CO4
G ( s)  2 . (15)
s ( s  2)
2. The open loop transfer function of the uncompensated
K
system is G ( s)  . Design a lag compensator for the
s( s  2) BTL 5 Evaluate CO4
-1
system so that the static velocity error constant Kv is 10 sec ,
the phase margin ≥ 600. (15)
3. (i) Using Routh criterion, determine the stability of a system BTL 6 Create CO4
 representing the characteristic equation
s 4  8s 3  18s 2  16s  5  0. Comment on location of the
roots of the characteristics equation. (9)
(ii)Write down the procedure for designing Lag
compensator using Bode plot. (6)
4. K
For the given system, G( s)  , design a
s( s  1)(s  2) CO4
BTL 3 Apply
suitable lag-lead compensator to give, velocity error
constant=10 sec-1, phase margin=500. (15)
5. Design a suitable lead compensator for a system with unity
feedback and having open loop transfer function
K BTL 6 Create CO4
G( s) 
s( s  1)(s  4) to meet the specifications as damping

ratio = 0.5 and undamped natural frequency=2 rad/sec. (15)

UNIT V - STATE VARIABLE ANALYSIS
Concept of state variables – State models for linear and time invariant Systems – Solution of state and
output equation in controllable canonical form – Concepts of controllability and observability.
PART – A
BT Course
Q.No Questions Competence Outcome
Level
1. Sketch the block diagram representation of a state model. BTL 3 Apply CO5

2. Obtain the state space model for the given differential

equation

BTL 1 Remember
d 3Y d 2Y dY CO5
6  11  6 Y  U(t) .
dt 2 dt 2 dt

Evaluate the transfer function model.

3. Consider a system whose transfer function is given by
Y ( s) 10
 3 . Solve and obtain a state model for BTL 1 Remember CO5
U ( s) s  6s  5s  10
2

this system.
4. Discuss state and state variable. BTL 2 Understand CO5

5. When do you say that a system is completely state CO5

BTL 1 Remember
controllable?
6. List the advantages of state space analysis. BTL 1 Remember CO5
7. Give the condition for controllability by Kalman’s method. BTL 2 Understand CO5

8. State the condition for observability by Gilberts method. BTL 3 Apply CO5

9. Write the homogeneous and non-homogeneous state CO5

BTL 1 Remember
equation.
10. Analyze the concept of controllability. BTL 4 Analyze CO5

11. What are the advantages of state variable techniques? BTL 5 Evaluate CO5

12. How is pole placement done by state feedback in a sampled CO5

BTL 3 Apply
data system?
13. Formulate the necessary condition to be satisfied for CO5
BTL 5 Evaluate
designing state feedback.
14. Point out the limitations of physical system modelled by CO5
BTL 4 Analyze
transfer function approach.
15. State the mechanism in control engineering which implies an
ability to measure the state by taking measurements at BTL 1 Remember CO5
output.
16. Give the need of observability test. BTL 2 Understand CO5

17. Define the following terms such as (i) State (ii) State CO5
BTL 3 Apply
Variable (iii) State Vector (iv) State Space Model.
18. Write the properties of state transition matrix. BTL 6 Create CO5

19. Give the types of systems that can be analysed through state CO5
BTL 2 Understand
space analysis.
20. Analyze the concept of canonical form of state model. BTL 4 Analyze CO5

21. Design the state model of a linear time invariant system. BTL 6 Create CO5

22. Evaluate the effect of state feedback. BTL 5 Evaluate CO5

23. Illustrate Cayley-Hamilton theorem. BTL 2 Understand CO5

24. List the applications of state space model. BTL 4 Analyze CO5

PART – B

1. Consider a linear system described by the transfer function.

Y ( s) 5
 . Design a feedback controller with a CO5
U ( s) s( s  2)(s  3) BTL 5 Evaluate
state feedback so that the closed loop poles are placed at -1, -
2±2j. (13)
2. Explain with neat diagram, the working of DC and AC tacho CO5
BTL 2 Understand
generators. (13)
3. Consider the following RLC series circuit shown in Fig and
obtain its state model. (13)

BTL 2 Understand CO5

4. Obtain the state space representation of Armature controlled

dc motor and Field controlled dc motor. (13) BTL 4 Analyze
CO5

5. Examine the controllability and observability of a system

having following coefficient matrices. (13)

0 1 0 1  10 BTL 1 Remember CO5

   
A   0 1  ; B  0 ; C   5 
T
0
 6  11  6 1   1 
6. List the state equation for the system shown below in which
and constitute the state vectors. Examine whether
the system is completely controllable and observable. (13)

BTL 3 Apply
CO5

7. Consider a control system with state model (13)

 .   0 1   x1  0
 x.1          u;
 x   2  3  x 2  2
 2 BTL 3 Apply
CO5

 x1 (0)  0
 x 2 ( 0 )   1  ;
   
Compute the state transition matrix.
8. Consider the following plant of the state space CO5
representation: BTL 1 Remember
Examine the controllability and observability of a state space
 formed by the system. (13)
0 1   2
A  ; B   ; C   2 0
 2  3  2 
9. Examine the controllability and observability of the system
with state equation. (13)
 . 
 x. 1  0 1 0   x1  0

x 2   0 0 1   x 2   0u;
 .  
 x3  0  2  3  x3  1 BTL 1 Remember
  CO5

 x1 
y  3 4 1 x 2 
 x3 

10. A system is characterized by the transfer function

Y ( s) 3
 3
U ( s ) ( s  5s  11s  6)
2

Express whether or not the system is completely controllable

BTL 2 Understand CO5
and observable also identify the first state as output. (13)
11. Obtain the complete solution of non homogeneous state
equation using time domain method. (13) BTL 5 Evaluate CO5

12. i)Find the state and output equation for

1
G( s) 
( s 3  4s 2  3s  3) (7) BTL 1 Remember CO5

ii)Obtain state space representation for system y’’+6y’+2y=0.

(6)
13. Express the canonical state model of the system, whose
2( s  5) BTL 2 Understand CO5
transfer function is T ( s )  (13)
( s  2)(s  3)(s  4)
14. Examine the controllability and observability of the
following state space system. (13) CO5
BTL 5 Evaluate
.
x1  x2  u 2
 .
x 2  x3
.
x3  2 x2  3x3  u1  u2
15. (i) Derive the transfer function model for the following
state space system. (7)
BTL 4 Analyze
0 1 1 CO5
A  ; B   ; C  1 0; D  0
 6  5 0 
(ii) Find the state transition matrix for the state model

1 1 BTL 4 Analyze CO5

whose system matrix A is given by A    (6)
0 1
15. Obtain the state space representation of observable canonical
form CO5
BTL 3 Apply
Y ( s) s4
 2 (13)
U ( s) ( s  5s  2)
16. Explain the concept of controllability and observability by
BTL 4 Analyze
Kalman’s and Gilbert’s method. (13) CO5
17. Formulate the expression for the state space model for the
BTL 6 Create
continuous system and also draw the state diagram for it.(13) CO5
PART C
1. Test the controllability and observability of the system with
state equation. (15)
 . 
 x. 1   1 0 0   x1  10
 x 2    1  2 0   x    1  u;
 .    2   
BTL 5 Evaluate CO5
 x3   2 1  3  x3   0 
 

 x1 
y  1 0 0 x 2 
 x3 

2. (i) Given that

 0   0     CO5
A1    ; A2    ; A2   ; Compute
0     0     
BTL 5 Evaluate
state transition matrix. (8)
(ii) Explain the concepts of controllability and observability.
(7)
 3. (i)Determine whether the system described by the following
state model is completely controllable and observable. (8)

0 0 1   x1 (t )  0

x(t )   2  3 0   x 2 (t )  2u (t );
.

 0 2  3  x3 (t )  0

 x1 (t )  BTL 6 Create CO5

y (t )  1 0 0 x 2 (t )
 x3 (t ) 

(ii) What are state variables? Explain the state space

formulation with its equation. (7)

4. Determine the state variable representation of the system

Y (s) 2 s 2  8s  7 BTL 6 Create CO5
whose transfer function is given as  .
U ( s ) ( s  2) 2 ( s  1)

(15)

5. 0 1  2  2  3
A  ; A   6 7 
Consider a matrix
 2  3  BTL 5 Evaluate
CO5
.Compute eAT by two methods. (15)

COURSE OUTCOMES:

CO1: Ability to develop various representations of system based on the knowledge of Mathematics, Science and
Engineering fundamentals.

CO2: Ability to do time domain and frequency domain analysis of various models of linear system.

CO3: Ability to interpret characteristics of the system to develop mathematical model.

CO4: Ability to understand and design appropriate compensator for the given specifications.

CO5: Ability to design State variable representation of physical systems.