Question 1:

Your friend of 50 kg is riding a motorcycle of mass 250 kg at 20 m/s. Can you figure out the momentum?

Answer:

Absolutely! To find the total momentum of your friend and the motorcycle, we can use the following
steps:

1. Identify the individual masses:

o Friend's mass (m1) = 50 kg

o Motorcycle mass (m2) = 250 kg

2. Since they are moving together as one system, we need to find the total mass (M): Total mass
(M) = m1 + m2 Total mass (M) = 50 kg + 250 kg Total mass (M) = 300 kg

3. We are given the system's velocity (v): Velocity (v) = 20 m/s

4. Momentum (p) is the product of total mass (M) and velocity (v): Momentum (p) = M * v
Momentum (p) = 300 kg * 20 m/s

5. Therefore, the total momentum of your friend and the motorcycle is 6000 kg m/s.

Question 2.

Your friend braked the motorcycle and brought it to a complete standstill within 10 seconds. Can you
determine the rate of change of momentum for this? What is the amount of force applied to the
motorcycle?

Answer:

Absolutely, we can determine the rate of change of momentum (often referred to as impulse) for your
friend's motorcycle, but we can't definitively calculate the exact force applied without some additional
information.

Momentum (p) is mass (m) times velocity (v): p = mv

Rate of change of momentum (impulse) is the change in momentum (Δp) divided by the time interval
(Δt): F = Δp / Δt

In this scenario, the motorcycle comes to a complete stop (final velocity = 0). So, the change in
momentum (Δp) is equal to the initial momentum (p_initial).

We are given that the change in time (Δt) is 10 seconds.

Therefore, the equation for the rate of change of momentum (impulse) becomes:

F = -(mv) / 10

The problem is that we don't know the initial velocity (v) of the motorcycle. Without that value, we can't
calculate the actual force (F) applied during braking.
Question 3:

wooden platform can give a maximum reaction force of 500 N. If a bicycle has a mass of 15 kg and a
scooter has a mass of a 110 kg, which one can be repairedyby placing it on the, floor?

Answer:

Based on the weight limitations of the platform and the masses of the bicycle and scooter, the bicycle
can be repaired on the platform.

 Platform's maximum reaction force: 500 N (Newtons)

 Bicycle mass: 15 kg (kilograms)

 Scooter mass: 110 kg

Weight vs. Mass: It's important to note that the problem uses "mass" (kg) instead of "weight" (N). Mass
is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, while weight is the force exerted on that mass due to
gravity. However, for calculations on Earth, we can often use mass and weight interchangeably assuming
the gravitational acceleration remains constant.

Force and Weight: Force is measured in Newtons (N), and weight is the force exerted by gravity on an
object. The weight of an object can be calculated using the formula: weight = mass x gravity (on Earth,
gravity is approximately 9.8 m/s²).

Since the platform's maximum reaction force (500 N) is greater than the weight of the bicycle (mass 15
kg * gravity 9.8 m/s² ≈ 147 N), the platform can support the bicycle for repairs.

On the other hand, the scooter's weight (mass 110 kg * gravity 9.8 m/s² ≈ 1078 N) is greater than the
platform's maximum reaction force. Therefore, placing the scooter on the platform would exceed the
weight limit, and it's not recommended for repairs.

Question 4:

You have a rope that will be torn apart when pulled at 200 N. Xou are given a box to hang with this rope.
Could you lift a box of any mass?

Answer:

No, you cannot lift a box of any mass with the rope if it breaks at 200 N.

 The rope will break if a force exceeding 200 Newtons (N) is applied to it.

 To lift a box, you need to apply a force greater than the weight of the box.

 Weight is the force exerted by gravity on the mass of the box. Even a small box will have some
weight due to gravity.

Therefore, regardless of the box's mass, as long as it has weight, the force required to lift it will exceed
the 200 N limit of the rope, causing it to break.

Question 5 :
Mars has a mass of 6.4 x 102 kg and a radius of 3390 km, can you determine the gravitational
acceleration on Mars? How much would you weigh on Mars?

Answer:

Yes, we can determine the gravitational acceleration on Mars using the formula for gravitational force:

F = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2

where:

F is the gravitational force (Newtons, N)

G is the gravitational constant (approximately 6.6743 x 10^-11 N * m^2 / kg^2) ,m1 is the mass of the
first object (in this case, Mars's mass = 6.4 x 10^23 kg), m2 is the mass of the second object (in most
cases for gravity, we consider our own mass, which we'll use later), r is the distance between the centers
of the two objects (in this case, Mars's radius = 3.39 x 10^6 meters)

Finding Gravitational Acceleration:

We're interested in the acceleration due to gravity, which is the force per unit mass acting on an object.
So, we can rewrite the formula to isolate the acceleration (a): a = F / m2

Here, we'll use your own mass (let's say m2 = 70 kg) as an example. This simplifies the calculation to
finding the force acting on you due to Mars's gravity.

Plugging in the values:

a = (G * (m1 * m2)) / r^2

a = (6.6743 x 10^-11 N * m^2 / kg^2) * (6.4 x 10^23 kg * 70 kg) / (3.39 x 10^6 meters)^2

Solving the equation:

a ≈ 3.71 m/s²

Therefore, the gravitational acceleration on Mars is approximately 3.71 meters per second squared
(m/s²).

Your Weight on Mars

Now that we know the gravitational acceleration on Mars, we can calculate your weight there.
Remember, weight is the force exerted by gravity on your mass.

Weight on Mars = Your Mass (m2) x Gravitational Acceleration (a)

Weight on Mars = 70 kg * 3.71 m/s²

Weight on Mars ≈ 259.7 Newtons (N)

Question 6:
If the surface area of each wheel of the scooter mentioned in the previous example is 10 cm,, could you
find the pressure exerte by the scooter on each wheel? will the pressure on that whee remain the same
if the scooter is loaded on one wheel during repair?

Answer:

Absolutely! Let's solve for the pressure exerted by the scooter on each wheel and see how it changes
during the repair scenario.

Given information:

 Scooter weight (assumed from previous example): 70 kg (This can be replaced with any weight
value)

 Wheel surface area per wheel: 10 cm² (Convert this to square meters first for pressure
calculation)

 We'll assume gravity (g) is 9.81 m/s² (standard acceleration due to gravity)

Steps to find pressure on each wheel (when weight is evenly distributed):

1. Convert wheel area:

o 10 cm² = 0.001 m² (1 cm = 0.01 m)

2. Calculate total force exerted by the scooter (weight x gravity):

o Force (F) = mass (m) x gravity (g)

o F = 70 kg * 9.81 m/s²

o F = 686.7 N (Newtons)

3. Pressure (P) is force (F) divided by the area (A) per wheel (assuming even weight distribution):

o P = F / (2A) (since weight is distributed on 2 wheels)

o P = 686.7 N / (2 * 0.001 m²)

o P ≈ 343350 N/m² (Pascals)

Therefore, when the weight is evenly distributed, the pressure exerted by the scooter on each wheel is
approximately 343,350 Pascals.

Pressure change during repair (loaded on one wheel):

If the scooter is lifted for repair, placing all its weight on one wheel, the pressure on that wheel will
definitely increase. Here's why:

 The force acting on the wheel remains the same (scooter's weight).

 The pressure is inversely proportional to the area (P = F/A).

 In this scenario, the area supporting the force reduces to that of a single wheel (0.001 m²).
Recalculating pressure for one loaded wheel:

 P = 686.7 N / (0.001 m²)

 P ≈ 686700 N/m²

Comparison:

As expected, the pressure on the single wheel during repairs (686700 Pa) is practically double the
pressure when the weight is distributed on both wheels (343350 Pa). This is because the entire force of
the scooter is concentrated on a smaller contact area (one wheel) during the repair.

Question 7:

Average density of air is 1.3 kg/m3 and air pressure in normal environment is 101,325 N/m². Could you
figure out the height of Earth's atmosphere from this in information?

Answer :

Unfortunately, you cannot directly calculate the height of Earth's atmosphere using only air density and
pressure at normal environmental conditions. Here's why:

 The Earth's atmosphere is not uniform. Air density (the amount of air mass per unit volume) and
pressure both decrease significantly with increasing altitude.

 The relationship between pressure and density is not constant. It depends on temperature,
which also varies considerably with altitude.

While more complex models can estimate atmospheric height, they require additional information like
temperature profiles throughout the atmosphere.

However, we can understand the concept behind the calculation:

Imagine a column of air extending upwards from the Earth's surface. The pressure we experience at the
ground is due to the weight of all the air molecules pressing down on us. As we move higher, there are
fewer air molecules above us, resulting in lower pressure and density.

The formula that relates pressure (P), density (ρ), and height (h) is based on hydrostatic equilibrium:

P = ρgh

where:

 P is the pressure (N/m²)

 ρ is the air density (kg/m³)

 g is the acceleration due to gravity (m/s²)

 h is the height (m)

Even though we know the values for P and ρ at sea level, we cannot solve for h because:
  Density (ρ) and temperature (T) are interrelated. As we move up, the temperature decreases,
affecting density. We don't have that information here.

 The pressure (P) keeps changing as we go higher. We are given the pressure at one level (sea
level), not the entire pressure profile throughout the atmosphere.

Therefore, using just air density and pressure at sea level provides insufficient data to determine the
exact height of the Earth's atmosphere.

Question 8:

The average density of the human body is 985 kg/m', density of fresh water is 1000 kg/m² and the
density of Dead Sea water is 1240 kg/m². If you step into a swimming pool filled with fresh water,

what percentage of your body will be drowned? If you were to swim in the Dead Sea, what percentage
of your body would float?

Answer:

Here's the breakdown of what happens when you enter fresh water and the Dead Sea, based on density:

Fresh Water:

Human body density (985 kg/m³) is close to the density of fresh water (1000 kg/m³).

Concept: An object will sink if its density is greater than the surrounding fluid's density, and vice versa.

Result: In fresh water, you won't be completely submerged (drowned) but your body will sink slightly
because your density is slightly less than fresh water.

We can't calculate a percentage of your body being "drowned" because drowning is caused by water
filling the lungs, not your body sinking. However, you will need to tread water or use some form of
flotation to keep your head above water.

Dead Sea:

Dead Sea water density (1240 kg/m³) is significantly higher than human body density (985 kg/m³).

Concept: As mentioned earlier, objects with lower density tend to float in denser fluids.

Result: In the Dead Sea, due to the high density of the water, your body will naturally float. You'll likely
bob with most of your body out of the water.

Percent Floating:

While you won't sink, calculating an exact "percentage floating" is imprecise for a few reasons:

Human body composition varies. Muscle tissue is denser than fat, so body composition can affect
buoyancy.

Lung inflation can change your overall body density. Inhaled air is less dense than water, further aiding
buoyancy.
Therefore, it's safe to say that in the Dead Sea, most of your body will float due to the significant density
difference between your body and the water.