No Es Tu

humans, other mammals, and birds, the heart is divided into four chambers: upper
left and right atria and lower left and right ventricles.[4][5] Commonly, the right atrium
and ventricle are referred together as the right heart and their left counterparts as
the left heart.[6] Fish, in contrast, have two chambers, an atrium and a ventricle, while
most reptiles have three chambers.[5] In a healthy heart, blood flows one way through
the heart due to heart valves, which prevent backflow.[3] The heart is enclosed in a
protective sac, the pericardium, which also contains a small amount of fluid. The wall
of the heart is made up of three layers: epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.
[7]
In all vertebrates, the heart has an asymmetric orientation, almost always on the
left side. According to one theory, this is caused by a developmental axial twist in the
early embryo.[8][9]
The heart pumps blood with a rhythm determined by a group of pacemaker cells in
the sinoatrial node. These generate an electric current that causes the heart to
contract, traveling through the atrioventricular node and along the conduction system
of the heart. In humans, deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the right
atrium from the superior and inferior venae cavae and passes to the right ventricle.
From here, it is pumped into pulmonary circulation to the lungs, where it receives
oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide. Oxygenated blood then returns to the left
atrium, passes through the left ventricle and is pumped out through
the aorta into systemic circulation, traveling through arteries, arterioles,
and capillaries—where nutrients and other substances are exchanged between
blood vessels and cells, losing oxygen and gaining carbon dioxide—before being
returned to the heart through venules and veins.[10] The heart beats at a resting
rate close to 72 beats per minute.[11] Exercise temporarily increases the rate, but
lowers it in the long term, and is good for heart health.[12]
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death globally as of 2008,
accounting for 30% of all human deaths.[13][14] Of these more than three-quarters are a
result of coronary artery disease and stroke.[13] Risk factors include: smoking,
being overweight, little exercise, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and poorly
controlled diabetes, among others.[15] Cardiovascular diseases do not frequently have
symptoms but may cause chest pain or shortness of breath. Diagnosis of heart
disease is often done by the taking of a medical history, listening to the heart-
sounds with a stethoscope, as well as with ECG, and echocardiogram which
uses ultrasound.[3] Specialists who focus on diseases of the heart are
called cardiologists, although many specialties of medicine may be involved in
treatment.[14]
A teenager's heartbeat
Duration: 32 seconds.0:32
Sounds of a healthy 16-year-old child's heart beating normally, as heard with a stethoscope.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

Structure
Human heart during an autopsy
Computer-generated animation of a beating

human heartCardiology video
See also: Anatomy of the human heart
Location and shape
Duration: 16 seconds.0:16Subtitles available.CCReal-time MRI of the human heart
The human heart is in the middle of the thorax, with its

apex pointing to the left. [16]
The human heart is situated in the mediastinum, at the level of thoracic

vertebrae T5-T8. A double-membraned sac called the pericard
humans, other mammals, and birds, the heart is divided into four chambers: upper
left and right atria and lower left and right ventricles.[4][5] Commonly, the right atrium
and ventricle are referred together as the right heart and their left counterparts as
the left heart.[6] Fish, in contrast, have two chambers, an atrium and a ventricle, while
most reptiles have three chambers.[5] In a healthy heart, blood flows one way through
the heart due to heart valves, which prevent backflow.[3] The heart is enclosed in a
protective sac, the pericardium, which also contains a small amount of fluid. The wall
of the heart is made up of three layers: epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.
[7]
In all vertebrates, the heart has an asymmetric orientation, almost always on the
left side. According to one theory, this is caused by a developmental axial twist in the
early embryo.[8][9]
The heart pumps blood with a rhythm determined by a group of pacemaker cells in
the sinoatrial node. These generate an electric current that causes the heart to
contract, traveling through the atrioventricular node and along the conduction system
of the heart. In humans, deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the right
atrium from the superior and inferior venae cavae and passes to the right ventricle.
From here, it is pumped into pulmonary circulation to the lungs, where it receives
oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide. Oxygenated blood then returns to the left
atrium, passes through the left ventricle and is pumped out through
the aorta into systemic circulation, traveling through arteries, arterioles,
and capillaries—where nutrients and other substances are exchanged between
blood vessels and cells, losing oxygen and gaining carbon dioxide—before being
returned to the heart through venules and veins.[10] The heart beats at a resting
rate close to 72 beats per minute.[11] Exercise temporarily increases the rate, but
lowers it in the long term, and is good for heart health.[12]
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death globally as of 2008,
accounting for 30% of all human deaths.[13][14] Of these more than three-quarters are a
result of coronary artery disease and stroke.[13] Risk factors include: smoking,
being overweight, little exercise, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and poorly
controlled diabetes, among others.[15] Cardiovascular diseases do not frequently have
symptoms but may cause chest pain or shortness of breath. Diagnosis of heart
disease is often done by the taking of a medical history, listening to the heart-
sounds with a stethoscope, as well as with ECG, and echocardiogram which
uses ultrasound.[3] Specialists who focus on diseases of the heart are
called cardiologists, although many specialties of medicine may be involved in
treatment.[14]
A teenager's heartbeat
Duration: 32 seconds.0:32
Sounds of a healthy 16-year-old child's heart beating normally, as heard with a stethoscope.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

Structure
Human heart during an autopsy
Computer-generated animation of a beating

human heartCardiology video
See also: Anatomy of the human heart
Location and shape
Duration: 16 seconds.0:16Subtitles available.CCReal-time MRI of the human heart
The human heart is in the middle of the thorax, with its

apex pointing to the left. [16]
The human heart is situated in the mediastinum, at the level of thoracic

vertebrae T5-T8. A double-membraned sac called the pericard
x

No Es Tu

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

No Es Tu

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

No Es Tu

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

humans, other mammals, and birds, the heart is divided into four chambers: upper

Problems playing this file? See media help.

Computer-generated animation of a beating

The human heart is in the middle of the thorax, with its

The human heart is situated in the mediastinum, at the level of thoracic

Problems playing this file? See media help.

Computer-generated animation of a beating

The human heart is in the middle of the thorax, with its

The human heart is situated in the mediastinum, at the level of thoracic

You might also like