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    Sequences and Series - Short Notes

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    Pranavi Muthusamy

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Sequences and Series - Short Notes

    Uploaded by

    Pranavi Muthusamy
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    Sequences and Series _ Short Notes

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    Sequences and Series - Short Notes

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    Pranavi Muthusamy

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    CHAPTER

    10 Sequences and Series

    An arithmetic progression (A.P.) : a, a + d, a + 2d..........a + Geometric Means (Mean Proportional) (GM.):


    (n – l)d is an A.P. If a. b, c > 0 are in G P . b is the G M between a & c, then b2 = ac
    Let a be the first term and d be the common difference of an A.P., n Geometric Means Between Positive Number a, b: If a, b are
    then nth term = tn = a + (n – 1) d
    two given numbers & a. G1, G2.......,G3 b are in G.P Then G1, G2,
    The sum of first n terms of are A.P. G3........, Gn are n GM.s between a & b. G2 = a (b/a)2/n+1..Gn =
    n n a(b/a)n/n+1
    Sn =  2a + ( n − 1) d = [a + ]
    2 2
    Harmonic Mean (H.M.):
    rth term of an A.P. when sum of first r terms is given is
    2ac
    tr = Sr – Sr – 1. If a, b, c are in HP., b is the H.M. between a & c, then b =
    a+c
    Properties of A.P.
    (i) If a, b, c are in A.P 1 11 1 1
    H.M, H of a1,a2,..an is given by=  + +……. + 

    ⇒ 2 b = a + c & if a, b, c, d are in A.P. H n  a1 a2 an 
    ⇒ a + d = b + c.
    Relation between Means:
    (ii) Three numbers in A.P. can be taken as a – d, a, a + d; four
    G2 = AH, A.M. > G.M. ≥ H.M. and A.M. = G.M. = H.M.
    numbers in A.P. can be taken as a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d;
    five numbers in A.P. are a – 2d, a – d, a, a + d, a + 2d & six if a1= a2 = a3 =........= an
    terms in A.P. are a – 5d, a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d, a + 5d etc.
    Important Results
    (iii) Sum of the terms of an A.P. equidistant from the beginning
    n n n
    & end = sum of first & last term. (i) ∑ ( ar ± br ) =
    ∑ ar ± ∑ br
    Arithmetic Mean (Mean or Average) (A.M.): =r 1 =r 1 =r 1

    If three terms are in A.P. then the middle term is called the A M. n n

    between the other two, so if a, b, c are in A.P., b isA.M. of a & c. (ii) ∑ kar = k ∑ ar
    =r 1 =r 1
    n–Arithmetic Means Between Two Numbers:
    n
    If a, b are any two given numbers & a, A1 A2.....An, b are in A.P. (iii) ∑ k = nk where k is a constant,
    then A1 A2,... An are the A.M . r =1

    b−a 2 (b − a ) n (b − a ) n
    n(n + 1)
    A1 =
    a+ , A2 =
    a+ , ….., An =
    a+ (iv) ∑ r= 1 + 2 + 3 +………. + n =
    2
    n +1 n +1 n +1 r =1

    ∑ nr=1 Ar =
    nA where A is the single A M. between a & b. n n ( n + 1)( 2n + 1)
    Geometric Progression: a, ar, ar2, ar3, ar4.....with a as the first
    (v) ∑ r=
    r =1
    2
    12 + 22 + 32 +……….. + n=
    2

    6
    term & r as common ratio.
    n
    n 2 (n + 1) 2
    (i) nth terms = arn–1 (vi) ∑ r 3= 13 + 23 + 33 +………. + n=3
    r =1 4
     a (r n − 1)
     , r ≠1
    (ii) Sum of the first n terms i.e., S n =  (r − 1) n

     na (vii) ∑ ai a=
    j (a1 + a2 +…….. + an ) 2 − (a12 + a22 +……+ an2 )
     r =1 i< j

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