ICT2621/3/102/2024

Structure Systems Analysis and Design

ICT2621

Tutorial Letter 102

Assignment 3 2024

School of Computing

IMPORTANT INFORMATION
This tutorial letter contains important information

BARCODE
 ASSIGNMENT 03
Study material: Prescribed book chapters 5, 8, 9, 11 and 12
Excluded: Object-oriented analysis and design sections
Assignment type: Written
Submission procedure: Via myUnisa on the indicated due date on the module site
Year-mark weight: 60%
Compulsory: It contributes towards the year mark.

NB: All your answers will be checked for AI use. Please do not use GenAI tools
such as LLMs. Such answers will be allocated a mark of Zero.

 Submit your assignment via myUnisa  MyModules by the due date.

 Do not change the numbering of the questions
 Provide sufficient answers to all the questions. The solutions to the questions will be
uploaded on myModule site as Tutorial Letter 202
The mark that you achieve will contribute 60% towards your year mark

ASSIGNMENT 03 2024, Total: 100 marks

Chapter 5 – Data and Process Modelling

Question 1 [30]

NB: For drawing data flow diagrams (DFDs), use the Gane and Sarson symbols/notation.

One of the leading models a systems analyst may use is a Data Flow Diagram (DFD). It
is a crucial tool that is used during the Systems Analysis phase of an SDLC. It offers a
clear and structured way to represent and analyse the flow of data within a system.
Basically, a DFD is a graphical representation of the flow of data within a system. It uses
various symbols to show how the system transforms input data into useful information.
Several symbols are used to draw a dataflow diagram. In addition, some terminologies
are used when using a data flow diagram.

1.1 Draw a table as given, and (i) draw a symbol (Only) of each component of a DFD, (ii)
define the symbol, and (ii) give an example of the real-world name you can put into the
middle of that symbol. Each row should be enlarged, as in (a), so that you can draw and
fit the symbol. You can use MS Word, PowerPoint or any other software to draw the

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symbol. Note that this work must be typed, not handwritten. NB: The table must be similar
but not the same size as the one given below.

# Name SYMBOL DEFINITION Example

a Process

b Data
store

c External
entity

d Data flow

If you cannot fit the diagram in the space you have made in the table, you may put each of
them below the table but number them correctly, i.e., a, b, c and d. (12)

1.2 Draw a table, as given below, of potential incorrect DFDs, showing the possible input,
process and output names for each row. Do not give names to any part of the Diagram
(only) column in the table. You should name a process, input or output using real-world
examples. The input and output name(s) must be related to the process name given. Do
not use examples from the prescribed text book. Rather, use them as guidelines. NB:
The table must be similar but not the same size as the one given below.

Name given to the Diagram (only)

incorrect DFD

a Possible
input name

Possible
process
name

Possible
output name

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 b Possible
input name

Possible
process
name

Possible
output name

c Possible
input name

Possible
process
name

Possible
output name

If you cannot fit the diagram in the space you have made, you may put each of them below
the table but number them correctly, i.e., a, b and c (18)

Question 2 [18]

2.1 Briefly describe the following with respect to DFDs: (3 X 6 = 18 marks)

2.1.1 Structured English

2.1.2 Decision table

2.1.3 Balancing

2.1.4 Diverging data flows

2.1.5 Data dictionary

2.1.6 Levelling

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Chapter 8 – User Interface Design

Question 3 [20]

The goal of system design is to build systems that are effective, reliable, maintainable and
provide a positive user experience. Even though there are numerous sets of principles that
can be used, according to Tilley (2020), there are ten general guidelines for successful
user interface design. Provide these guidelines (1 mark) and, in one sentence, state what
each guideline means in your own words (1 mark). [Just like all other questions, please
do not use GenAI tools such as LLMs to answer this question.]

Chapter 9 – Data Design

Question 4: Do not answer or submit this question, but try it out on your own since
this will help you answer Question 5. [--]
According to the prescribed textbook, normalisation is 'the process of creating table
designs by assigning specific fields or attributes to each table in the database.' Please refer
to the ERD for the Reliable Pharmaceutical Service provided on the next page (drawn
using a Crow's foot notation) and develop a normalised database schema in 3NF. Clearly
indicate all keys. All tables should be in 3NF. Underline all primary keys and use the letters
FK to indicate a foreign key. For example, ..., Product-code (FK),.... You may also use PK
to indicate a primary key.
A schema is simply a list of each table name and its fields/attributes in a database, as
shown in the example below:
Product (Product-Code, Product-name, …)
Customer (Customer-ID, Customer-name,…)
etc …
Note that, in the given ERD:

• Not all fields are provided for each entity.

• Some fields may not be necessary for some tables.

• Primary keys and FKs are not shown.

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 Client
Health-Care
Order Pharmacist
Organization
Date LicenceNumber
Name
StartTime Name
Address
EndTime

OrderItem

PatientName DrugItemPackage
Client Unit RoomNumber Manufacturer
UPC
ChemicalName
PackageType
Name Manufacturer Name
PackageQuantity
Address UnitType Address
BrandName
Floor UnitDosage
Price
Wing Quantity
Frequency
SpecialInstructions
Price

Patient Prescription DrugItem

Number StartDate UnitType Drug
Name StartTime UnitDosage
ChemicalName
DateOfBirth EndDate QuantityOnHand
Sex EndTime ReorderPoint
RoomNumber Quantity ReorderQuantity
Frequency Price
SpecialInstructions

Question 5 [20]
Scenario: Even now, in 2024, individuals' use of banking apps to carry out transactions is
on an exponential rise worldwide. This is true in other sectors of e-commerce. Nowadays,
many commercial banks have Apps that allow their customer to undertake a number of
transactions using their mobile devices. For this to be possible, each bank keeps a
database at the back end that the Apps can access. Such a database can be very complex
in terms of its design. In this question, we shall focus on a small section of this type of
database.
Each customer, normally called a client, can have more than one account, such as savings,
cheques, etc. Before any transaction is made, a customer must always decide on the
transaction type, such as a withdrawal, deposit, etc. The selected type can be done on
different accounts, and each account can have several transaction types. In each country,
there are usually many banks, and each bank has its own App. The database required in
this scenario will be for only one such bank.

5.1 Draw an entity relationship diagram (ERD) for this banking system. The ERD should
not contain any many-to-many relationships. No attributes/fields are required in this
section. (use a Crow’s foot notation since it is clearer and more popular than other
notations) (10)

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5.2 Create a relational database schema from the ERD showing all tables in 3NF.
Each table should include at least three fields/attributes. Appropriate primary keys should
be used. Primary keys must be underlined, and each foreign key should have the letters
FK in brackets after it, for instance, xyz (FK). You may also use PK to indicate a primary
key. (10)

Chapters 11 & 12 – Managing Systems Implementation, support and security

Question 6 [12]

6.1 Briefly describe the phases of testing, from unit testing to system testing, during system
implementation.
(9)
6.2 During systems installations, various training methods, such as online courses,
workshops, webinars, podcasts, vodcasts, and tutorials, may be used to train users.
Determine the category/categories of the following method and explain why:

6.2.1 Listening to a recorded voice message on WhatsApp (3)

Research

Question 7: Do not answer this question, but it is advisable to read it to keep up to

date with current trends in Systems development) – Not examinable. Do not submit
it. [--]

From the prescribed textbook:

“System analysts need to track trends in information technology because technological

changes affect business operations, career opportunities and enterprise strategies” (Tilley,
2020, p. 33).

In view of the above quote, briefly describe the following

7.1 The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) and its main components (5)

7.2 Data science (3)

7.3 Open education resources (OER) (2)

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 Question 8: do not answer this question, but it is advisable to read it to keep up to
date with current trends in Systems development) – Not examinable. Do not submit
it. [--]
Summarise, on one page, the content of the article:
Padmanaban, P.H. and Sharma, Y.K. (2019). Implication of Artificial Intelligence in
Software Development Life Cycle: A state of the art review. International Journal of Recent
Research Aspects, vol, 6, pp.93-98.
Please do not simply copy and paste, but instead, use your own words. Avoid using tables
or lists, and structure your response using paragraphs. Omit headers or sections. The final
paragraph should serve as a conclusion, beginning with the phrase "Given what has been
discussed...". In this conclusion, share your perspective on the future role of Artificial
Intelligence (AI) in the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Remember not to include
a section explicitly labelled as "Conclusion" since headers are not permitted.

You can locate the article on the internet by searching for its title on Google Scholar.
Alternatively, you can utilise other scholarly databases or academic resources to access
the article’s URL https://tinyurl.com/ezwn866v or click here.
Reference:
1. Padmanaban, P.H. and Sharma, Y.K. (2019). Implication of Artificial Intelligence in
Software Development Life Cycle: A state of the art review. International Journal of
Recent Research Aspects, vol, 6, pp.93-98.
2. Tilley, S. and Rosenblatt, H.J. (2020). Systems Analysis and Design. 12th ed.
Cengage learning.

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